The Mycenaean Age

ΙΛΙΑΔΟ

μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος
οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί̆ Ἀχαιοῖς ἄλγε̆ ἔθηκε,
πολλὰς δ̆ ἰφθίμους ψυχὰς Ἄϊδι προί̈αψεν
ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεῦχε κύνεςςιν
οἰωνοῖςί τε πᾶςι, Διὸς δ̆ ἐτελείετο βουλή,
ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαςτήτην ἐρίςαντε
Ἀτρεί̈δης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.

τίς τ̆ ἄρ ςφωε θεῶν ἔριδι ξυνέηκε μάχεςθαι;
Λητοῦς καὶ Διὸς υἱός: ὃ γὰρ βαςιλῆϊ χολωθεὶς
νοῦςον ἀνὰ ςτρατὸν ὄρςε κακήν, ὀλέκοντο δὲ λαοί,
οὕνεκα τὸν Χρύςην ἠτίμαςεν ἀρητῆρα
Ἀτρεί̈δης: ὃ γὰρ ἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν
λυςόμενός τε θύγατρα φέρων τ̆ ἀπερείςῐ ἄποινα,
ςτέμματ̆ ἔχων ἐν χερςὶν ἑκηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος
χρυςέῳ ἀνὰ ςκήπτρῳ, καὶ λίςςετο πάντας Ἀχαιούς,
Ἀτρεί̈δα δὲ μάλιςτα δύω, κοςμήτορε λαῶν:
Ἀτρεί̈δαι τε καὶ ἄλλοι ἐϋκνήμιδες Ἀχαιοί,
ὑμῖν μὲν θεοὶ δοῖεν Ὀλύμπια δώματ̆ ἔχοντες
ἐκπέρςαι Πριάμοιο πόλιν, εὖ δ̆ οἴκαδ̆ ἱκέςθαι:
παῖδα δ̆ ἐμοὶ λύςαιτε φίλην, τὰ δ̆ ἄποινα δέχεςθαι,
ἁζόμενοι Διὸς υἱὸν ἑκηβόλον Ἀπόλλωνα.

ἔνθ̆ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἐπευφήμηςαν Ἀχαιοὶ
αἰδεῖςθαί θ̆ ἱερῆα καὶ ἀγλαὰ δέχθαι ἄποινα:
ἀλλ̆ οὐκ Ἀτρεί̈δῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ἥνδανε θυμῷ,
ἀλλὰ κακῶς ἀφίει, κρατερὸν δ̆ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε:
μή ςε γέρον κοίλῃςιν ἐγὼ παρὰ νηυςὶ κιχείω
ἢ νῦν δηθύνοντ̆ ἢ ὕςτερον αὖτις ἰόντα,
μή νύ τοι οὐ χραίςμῃ ςκῆπτρον καὶ ςτέμμα θεοῖο:
τὴν δ̆ ἐγὼ οὐ λύςω: πρίν μιν καὶ γῆρας ἔπειςιν
ἡμετέρῳ ἐνὶ οἴκῳ ἐν Ἄργεϊ τηλόθι πάτρης
ἱςτὸν ἐποιχομένην καὶ ἐμὸν λέχος ἀντιόωςαν:
ἀλλ̆ ἴθι μή μ̆ ἐρέθιζε ςαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι.

ὣς ἔφατ̆, ἔδειςεν δ̆ ὃ γέρων καὶ ἐπείθετο μύθῳ:
βῆ δ̆ ἀκέων παρὰ θῖνα πολυφλοίςβοιο θαλάςςης:
πολλὰ δ̆ ἔπειτ̆ ἀπάνευθε κιὼν ἠρᾶθ̆ ὃ γεραιὸς
Ἀπόλλωνι ἄνακτι, τὸν ἠύ̈κομος τέκε Λητώ:
κλῦθί μευ ἀργυρότοξ̆, ὃς Χρύςην ἀμφιβέβηκας
Κίλλάν τε ζαθέην Τενέδοιό τε ἶφι ἀνάςςεις,
Σμινθεῦ εἴ ποτέ τοι χαρίεντ̆ ἐπὶ νηὸν ἔρεψα,
ἢ εἰ δή ποτέ τοι κατὰ πίονα μηρί̆ ἔκηα
ταύρων ἠδ̆ αἰγῶν, τὸ δέ μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ:
τίςειαν Δαναοὶ ἐμὰ δάκρυα ςοῖςι βέλεςςιν.

ὣς ἔφατ̆ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δ̆ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,
βῆ δὲ κατ̆ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων χωόμενος κῆρ,
τόξ̆ ὤμοιςιν ἔχων ἀμφηρεφέα τε φαρέτρην:
ἔκλαγξαν δ̆ ἄρ̆ ὀϊςτοὶ ἐπ̆ ὤμων χωομένοιο,
αὐτοῦ κινηθέντος: ὃ δ̆ ἤϊε νυκτὶ ἐοικώς.
ἕζετ̆ ἔπειτ̆ ἀπάνευθε νεῶν, μετὰ δ̆ ἰὸν ἕηκε:
δεινὴ δὲ κλαγγὴ γένετ̆ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο:
οὐρῆας μὲν πρῶτον ἐπῴχετο καὶ κύνας ἀργούς,
αὐτὰρ ἔπειτ̆ αὐτοῖςι βέλος ἐχεπευκὲς ἐφιεὶς
βάλλ̆: αἰεὶ δὲ πυραὶ νεκύων καίοντο θαμειαί.

ἐννῆμαρ μὲν ἀνὰ ςτρατὸν ᾤχετο κῆλα θεοῖο,
τῇ δεκάτῃ δ̆ ἀγορὴν δὲ καλέςςατο λαὸν Ἀχιλλεύς:
τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεςὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος hρη:
κήδετο γὰρ Δαναῶν, ὅτι ῥα θνήςκοντας ὁρᾶτο.
οἳ δ̆ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν ὁμηγερέες τε γένοντο,
τοῖςι δ̆ ἀνιςτάμενος μετέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς:
Ἀτρεί̈δη νῦν ἄμμε παλιμπλαγχθέντας ὀί̈ω
ἂψ ἀπονοςτήςειν, εἴ κεν θάνατόν γε φύγοιμεν,
εἰ δὴ ὁμοῦ πόλεμός τε δαμᾷ καὶ λοιμὸς Ἀχαιούς:
ἀλλ̆ ἄγε δή τινα μάντιν ἐρείομεν ἢ ἱερῆα
ἢ καὶ ὀνειροπόλον, καὶ γάρ τ̆ ὄναρ ἐκ Διός ἐςτιν,
ὅς κ̆ εἴποι ὅ τι τόςςον ἐχώςατο Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,
εἴτ̆ ἄρ̆ ὅ γ̆ εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται ἠδ̆ ἑκατόμβης,
αἴ κέν πως ἀρνῶν κνίςης αἰγῶν τε τελείων
βούλεται ἀντιάςας ἡμῖν ἀπὸ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι.

ἤτοι ὅ γ̆ ὣς εἰπὼν κατ̆ ἄρ̆ ἕζετο: τοῖςι δ̆ ἀνέςτη
Κάλχας Θεςτορίδης οἰωνοπόλων ὄχ̆ ἄριςτος,
ὃς ᾔδη τά τ̆ ἐόντα τά τ̆ ἐςςόμενα πρό τ̆ ἐόντα,
καὶ νήεςς̆ ἡγήςατ̆ Ἀχαιῶν Ἴλιον εἴςω
ἣν διὰ μαντοςύνην, τήν οἱ πόρε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων:
ὅ ςφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήςατο καὶ μετέειπεν:
ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ κέλεαί με Διὶ̈ φίλε μυθήςαςθαι
μῆνιν Ἀπόλλωνος ἑκατηβελέταο ἄνακτος:
τοὶ γὰρ ἐγὼν ἐρέω: ςὺ δὲ ςύνθεο καί μοι ὄμοςςον
ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεςιν καὶ χερςὶν ἀρήξειν:
ἦ γὰρ ὀί̈ομαι ἄνδρα χολωςέμεν, ὃς μέγα πάντων
Ἀργείων κρατέει καί οἱ πείθονται Ἀχαιοί:
κρείςςων γὰρ βαςιλεὺς ὅτε χώςεται ἀνδρὶ χέρηϊ:
εἴ περ γάρ τε χόλον γε καὶ αὐτῆμαρ καταπέψῃ,
ἀλλά τε καὶ μετόπιςθεν ἔχει κότον, ὄφρα τελέςςῃ,
ἐν ςτήθεςςιν ἑοῖςι: ςὺ δὲ φράςαι εἴ με ςαώςεις.

τὸν δ̆ ἀπαμειβόμενος προςέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς:
θαρςήςας μάλα εἰπὲ θεοπρόπιον ὅ τι οἶςθα:
οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα Διὶ̈ φίλον, ᾧ τε ςὺ Κάλχαν
εὐχόμενος Δαναοῖςι θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεις,
οὔ τις ἐμεῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο
ςοὶ κοίλῃς παρὰ νηυςί βαρείας χεῖρας ἐποίςει
ςυμπάντων Δαναῶν, οὐ δ̆ ἢν Ἀγαμέμνονα εἴπῃς,
ὃς νῦν πολλὸν ἄριςτος Ἀχαιῶν εὔχεται εἶναι.

καὶ τότε δὴ θάρςηςε καὶ ηὔδα μάντις ἀμύμων:
οὔ τ̆ ἄρ ὅ γ̆ εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται οὐ δ̆ ἑκατόμβης,
ἀλλ̆ ἕνεκ̆ ἀρητῆρος ὃν ἠτίμης̆ Ἀγαμέμνων,
οὐ δ̆ ἀπέλυςε θύγατρα καὶ οὐκ ἀπεδέξατ̆ ἄποινα,
τοὔνεκ̆ ἄρ̆ ἄλγε̆ ἔδωκεν ἑκηβόλος ἠδ̆ ἔτι δώςει:
οὐ δ̆ ὅ γε πρὶν Δαναοῖςιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀπώςει
πρίν γ̆ ἀπὸ πατρὶ φίλῳ δόμεναι ἑλικώπιδα κούρην
ἀπριάτην ἀνάποινον, ἄγειν θ̆ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην
ἐς Χρύςην: τότε κέν μιν ἱλαςςάμενοι πεπίθοιμεν.

ἤτοι ὅ γ̆ ὣς εἰπὼν κατ̆ ἄρ̆ ἕζετο: τοῖςι δ̆ ἀνέςτη
ἥρως Ἀτρεί̈δης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων
ἀχνύμενος: μένεος δὲ μέγα φρένες ἀμφιμέλαιναι
πίμπλαντ̆, ὄςςε δέ οἱ πυρὶ λαμπετόωντι ἐί̈κτην:
Κάλχαντα πρώτιςτα κάκ̆ ὀςςόμενος προςέειπε:
μάντι κακῶν οὐ πώ ποτέ μοι τὸ κρήγυον εἶπας:
αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ̆ ἐςτὶ φίλα φρεςὶ μαντεύεςθαι,
ἐςθλὸν δ̆ οὔτέ τί πω εἶπας ἔπος οὔ τ̆ ἐτέλεςςας:
καὶ νῦν ἐν Δαναοῖςι θεοπροπέων ἀγορεύεις
ὡς δὴ τοῦδ̆ ἕνεκά ςφιν ἑκηβόλος ἄλγεα τεύχει,
οὕνεκ̆ ἐγὼ κούρης Χρυςηί̈δος ἀγλά̆ ἄποινα
οὐκ ἔθελον δέξαςθαι, ἐπεὶ πολὺ βούλομαι αὐτὴν
οἴκοι ἔχειν: καὶ γάρ ῥα Κλυταιμνήςτρης προβέβουλα
κουριδίης ἀλόχου, ἐπεὶ οὔ ἑθέν ἐςτι χερείων,
οὐ δέμας οὐ δὲ φυήν, οὔ τ̆ ἂρ φρένας οὔτέ τι ἔργα.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ὧς ἐθέλω δόμεναι πάλιν εἰ τό γ̆ ἄμεινον:
βούλομ̆ ἐγὼ λαὸν ςῶν ἔμμεναι ἢ ἀπολέςθαι:
αὐτὰρ ἐμοὶ γέρας αὐτίχ̆ ἑτοιμάςατ̆ ὄφρα μὴ οἶος
Ἀργείων ἀγέραςτος ἔω, ἐπεὶ οὐ δὲ ἔοικε:
λεύςςετε γὰρ τό γε πάντες ὅ μοι γέρας ἔρχεται ἄλλῃ.

τὸν δ̆ ἠμείβετ̆ ἔπειτα ποδάρκης δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς:
Ἀτρεί̈δη κύδιςτε φιλοκτεανώτατε πάντων,
πῶς γάρ τοι δώςουςι γέρας μεγάθυμοι Ἀχαιοί;
οὐ δέ τί που ἴδμεν ξυνήϊα κείμενα πολλά:
ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν πολίων ἐξεπράθομεν, τὰ δέδαςται,
λαοὺς δ̆ οὐκ ἐπέοικε παλίλλογα ταῦτ̆ ἐπαγείρειν.
ἀλλὰ ςὺ μὲν νῦν τήνδε θεῷ πρόες: αὐτὰρ Ἀχαιοὶ
τριπλῇ τετραπλῇ τ̆ ἀποτείςομεν, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς
δῷςι πόλιν Τροίην εὐτείχεον ἐξαλαπάξαι.

τὸν δ̆ ἀπαμειβόμενος προςέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων:
μὴ δ̆ οὕτως ἀγαθός περ ἐὼν θεοείκελ̆ Ἀχιλλεῦ
κλέπτε νόῳ, ἐπεὶ οὐ παρελεύςεαι οὐ δέ με πείςεις.
ἦ ἐθέλεις ὄφρ̆ αὐτὸς ἔχῃς γέρας, αὐτὰρ ἔμ̆ αὔτως
ἧςθαι δευόμενον, κέλεαι δέ με τήνδ̆ ἀποδοῦναι;
ἀλλ̆ εἰ μὲν δώςουςι γέρας μεγάθυμοι Ἀχαιοὶ
ἄρςαντες κατὰ θυμὸν ὅπως ἀντάξιον ἔςται:
εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωςιν ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι
ἢ τεὸν ἢ Αἴαντος ἰὼν γέρας, ἢ Ὀδυςῆος
ἄξω ἑλών: ὃ δέ κεν κεχολώςεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι.
ἀλλ̆ ἤτοι μὲν ταῦτα μεταφραςόμεςθα καὶ αὖτις,
νῦν δ̆ ἄγε νῆα μέλαιναν ἐρύςςομεν εἰς ἅλα δῖαν,
ἐν δ̆ ἐρέτας ἐπιτηδὲς ἀγείρομεν, ἐς δ̆ ἑκατόμβην
θείομεν, ἂν δ̆ αὐτὴν Χρυςηί̈δα καλλιπάρῃον
βήςομεν: εἷς δέ τις ἀρχὸς ἀνὴρ βουληφόρος ἔςτω,
ἢ Αἴας ἢ Ἰδομενεὺς ἢ δῖος Ὀδυςςεὺς
ἠὲ ςὺ Πηλεί̈δη πάντων ἐκπαγλότατ̆ ἀνδρῶν,
ὄφρ̆ ἥμιν ἑκάεργον ἱλάςςεαι ἱερὰ ῥέξας.

τὸν δ̆ ἄρ̆ ὑπόδρα ἰδὼν προςέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς:
ὤ μοι ἀναιδείην ἐπιειμένε κερδαλεόφρον
πῶς τίς τοι πρόφρων ἔπεςιν πείθηται Ἀχαιῶν
ἢ ὁδὸν ἐλθέμεναι ἢ ἀνδράςιν ἶφι μάχεςθαι;
οὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ Τρώων ἕνεκ̆ ἤλυθον αἰχμητάων
δεῦρο μαχηςόμενος, ἐπεὶ οὔ τί μοι αἴτιοί εἰςιν:
οὐ γὰρ πώποτ̆ ἐμὰς βοῦς ἤλαςαν οὐ δὲ μὲν ἵππους,
οὐ δέ ποτ̆ ἐν Φθίῃ ἐριβώλακι βωτιανείρῃ
καρπὸν ἐδηλήςαντ̆, ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα πολλὰ μεταξὺ
οὔρεά τε ςκιόεντα θάλαςςά τε ἠχήεςςα:
ἀλλὰ ςοὶ ὦ μέγ̆ ἀναιδὲς ἅμ̆ ἑςπόμεθ̆ ὄφρα ςὺ χαίρῃς,
τιμὴν ἀρνύμενοι Μενελάῳ ςοί τε κυνῶπα
πρὸς Τρώων: τῶν οὔ τι μετατρέπῃ οὐ δ̆ ἀλεγίζεις:
καὶ δή μοι γέρας αὐτὸς ἀφαιρήςεςθαι ἀπειλεῖς,
ᾧ ἔπι πολλὰ μόγηςα, δόςαν δέ μοι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.
οὐ μὲν ςοί ποτε ἶςον ἔχω γέρας ὁππότ̆ Ἀχαιοὶ
Τρώων ἐκπέρςως̆ εὖ ναιόμενον πτολίεθρον:
ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν πλεῖον πολυάϊκος πολέμοιο
χεῖρες ἐμαὶ διέπους̆: ἀτὰρ ἤν ποτε δαςμὸς ἵκηται,
ςοὶ τὸ γέρας πολὺ μεῖζον, ἐγὼ δ̆ ὀλίγον τε φίλον τε
ἔρχομ̆ ἔχων ἐπὶ νῆας, ἐπεί κε κάμω πολεμίζων.
νῦν δ̆ εἶμι Φθίην δ̆, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐςτιν
οἴκαδ̆ ἴμεν ςὺν νηυςὶ κορωνίςιν, οὐ δέ ς̆ ὀί̈ω
ἐνθάδ̆ ἄτιμος ἐὼν ἄφενος καὶ πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν.

τὸν δ̆ ἠμείβετ̆ ἔπειτα ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων:
φεῦγε μάλ̆ εἴ τοι θυμὸς ἐπέςςυται, οὐ δέ ς̆ ἔγωγε
λίςςομαι εἵνεκ̆ ἐμεῖο μένειν: πάρ̆ ἔμοιγε καὶ ἄλλοι
οἵ κέ με τιμήςουςι, μάλιςτα δὲ μητίετα Ζεύς.
ἔχθιςτος δέ μοί ἐςςι διοτρεφέων βαςιλήων:
αἰεὶ γάρ τοι ἔρις τε φίλη πόλεμοί τε μάχαι τε:
εἰ μάλα καρτερός ἐςςι, θεός που ςοὶ τό γ̆ ἔδωκεν:
οἴκαδ̆ ἰὼν ςὺν νηυςί τε ςῇς καὶ ςοῖς ἑτάροιςι
Μυρμιδόνεςςιν ἄναςςε, ςέθεν δ̆ ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀλεγίζω,
οὐ δ̆ ὄθομαι κοτέοντος: ἀπειλήςω δέ τοι ὧδε:
ὡς ἔμ̆ ἀφαιρεῖται Χρυςηί̈δα Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων,
τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ ςὺν νηί̈ τ̆ ἐμῇ καὶ ἐμοῖς ἑτάροιςι
πέμψω, ἐγὼ δέ κ̆ ἄγω Βριςηί̈δα καλλιπάρῃον
αὐτὸς ἰὼν κλιςίην δὲ τὸ ςὸν γέρας ὄφρ̆ ἐὺ̈ εἰδῇς
ὅςςον φέρτερός εἰμι ςέθεν, ςτυγέῃ δὲ καὶ ἄλλος
ἶςον ἐμοὶ φάςθαι καὶ ὁμοιωθήμεναι ἄντην.

ὣς φάτο: Πηλεί̈ωνι δ̆ ἄχος γένετ̆, ἐν δέ οἱ ἦτορ
ςτήθεςςιν λαςίοιςι διάνδιχα μερμήριξεν,
ἢ ὅ γε φάςγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυςςάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ
τοὺς μὲν ἀναςτήςειεν, ὃ δ̆ Ἀτρεί̈δην ἐναρίζοι,
ἦε χόλον παύςειεν ἐρητύςειέ τε θυμόν.
ἧος ὃ ταῦθ̆ ὥρμαινε κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν,
ἕλκετο δ̆ ἐκ κολεοῖο μέγα ξίφος, ἦλθε δ̆ Ἀθήνη
οὐρανόθεν: πρὸ γὰρ ἧκε θεὰ λευκώλενος hρη
ἄμφω ὁμῶς θυμῷ φιλέουςά τε κηδομένη τε:
ςτῆ δ̆ ὄπιθεν, ξανθῆς δὲ κόμης ἕλε Πηλεί̈ωνα
οἴῳ φαινομένη: τῶν δ̆ ἄλλων οὔ τις ὁρᾶτο:
θάμβηςεν δ̆ Ἀχιλεύς, μετὰ δ̆ ἐτράπετ̆, αὐτίκα δ̆ ἔγνω
Παλλάδ̆ Ἀθηναίην: δεινὼ δέ οἱ ὄςςε φάανθεν:
καί μιν φωνήςας ἔπεα πτερόεντα προςηύδα:
τίπτ̆ αὖτ̆ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς τέκος εἰλήλουθας;
ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος Ἀτρεί̈δαο;
ἀλλ̆ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τελέεςθαι ὀί̈ω:
ᾗς ὑπεροπλίῃςι τάχ̆ ἄν ποτε θυμὸν ὀλέςςῃ.

τὸν δ̆ αὖτε προςέειπε θεὰ γλαυκῶπις Ἀθήνη:
ἦλθον ἐγὼ παύςουςα τὸ ςὸν μένος, αἴ κε πίθηαι,
οὐρανόθεν: πρὸ δέ μ̆ ἧκε θεὰ λευκώλενος hρη
ἄμφω ὁμῶς θυμῷ φιλέουςά τε κηδομένη τε:
ἀλλ̆ ἄγε λῆγ̆ ἔριδος, μη δὲ ξίφος ἕλκεο χειρί:
ἀλλ̆ ἤτοι ἔπεςιν μὲν ὀνείδιςον ὡς ἔςεταί περ:
ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, τὸ δὲ καὶ τετελεςμένον ἔςται:
καί ποτέ τοι τρὶς τόςςα παρέςςεται ἀγλαὰ δῶρα
ὕβριος εἵνεκα τῆςδε: ςὺ δ̆ ἴςχεο, πείθεο δ̆ ἡμῖν.

τὴν δ̆ ἀπαμειβόμενος προςέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς:
χρὴ μὲν ςφωί̈τερόν γε θεὰ ἔπος εἰρύςςαςθαι
καὶ μάλα περ θυμῷ κεχολωμένον: ὧς γὰρ ἄμεινον:
ὅς κε θεοῖς ἐπιπείθηται μάλα τ̆ ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ.

ἦ καὶ ἐπ̆ ἀργυρέῃ κώπῃ ςχέθε χεῖρα βαρεῖαν,
ἂψ δ̆ ἐς κουλεὸν ὦςε μέγα ξίφος, οὐ δ̆ ἀπίθηςε
μύθῳ Ἀθηναίης: ἣ δ̆ Οὔλυμπον δὲ βεβήκει
δώματ̆ ἐς αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς μετὰ δαίμονας ἄλλους.

Πηλεί̈δης δ̆ ἐξαῦτις ἀταρτηροῖς ἐπέεςςιν
Ἀτρεί̈δην προςέειπε, καὶ οὔ πω λῆγε χόλοιο:
οἰνοβαρές, κυνὸς ὄμματ̆ ἔχων, κραδίην δ̆ ἐλάφοιο,
οὔτέ ποτ̆ ἐς πόλεμον ἅμα λαῷ θωρηχθῆναι
οὔ τε λόχον δ̆ ἰέναι ςὺν ἀριςτήεςςιν Ἀχαιῶν
τέτληκας θυμῷ: τὸ δέ τοι κὴρ εἴδεται εἶναι.
ἦ πολὺ λώϊόν ἐςτι κατὰ ςτρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν
δῶρ̆ ἀποαιρεῖςθαι ὅς τις ςέθεν ἀντίον εἴπῃ:
δημοβόρος βαςιλεὺς ἐπεὶ οὐτιδανοῖςιν ἀνάςςεις:
ἦ γὰρ ἂν Ἀτρεί̈δη νῦν ὕςτατα λωβήςαιο.
ἀλλ̆ ἔκ τοι ἐρέω καὶ ἐπὶ μέγαν ὅρκον ὀμοῦμαι:
ναὶ μὰ τόδε ςκῆπτρον, τὸ μὲν οὔ ποτε φύλλα καὶ ὄζους
φύςει, ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα τομὴν ἐν ὄρεςςι λέλοιπεν,
οὐ δ̆ ἀναθηλήςει: περὶ γάρ ῥά ἑ χαλκὸς ἔλεψε
φύλλά τε καὶ φλοιόν: νῦν αὖτέ μιν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν
ἐν παλάμῃς φορέουςι δικαςπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιςτας
πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται: ὃ δέ τοι μέγας ἔςςεται ὅρκος:
ἦ ποτ̆ Ἀχιλλῆος ποθὴ ἵξεται υἷας Ἀχαιῶν
ςύμπαντας: τότε δ̆ οὔ τι δυνήςεαι ἀχνύμενός περ
χραιςμεῖν, εὖτ̆ ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ̆ Ἕκτορος ἀνδροφόνοιο
θνήςκοντες πίπτωςι: ςὺ δ̆ ἔνδοθι θυμὸν ἀμύξεις
χωόμενος ὅ τ̆ ἄριςτον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτιςας.

ὣς φάτο Πηλεί̈δης, ποτὶ δὲ ςκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ
χρυςείοις ἥλοιςι πεπαρμένον, ἕζετο δ̆ αὐτός:
Ἀτρεί̈δης δ̆ ἑτέρωθεν ἐμήνιε: τοῖςι δὲ Νέςτωρ
ἡδυεπὴς ἀνόρουςε λιγὺς Πυλίων ἀγορητής,
τοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ γλώςςης μέλιτος γλυκίων ῥέεν αὐδή:
τῷ δ̆ ἤδη δύο μὲν γενεαὶ μερόπων ἀνθρώπων
ἐφθίαθ̆, οἵ οἱ πρόςθεν ἅμα τράφεν ἠδ̆ ἐγένοντο
ἐν Πύλῳ ἠγαθέῃ, μετὰ δὲ τριτάτοιςιν ἄναςςεν:
ὅ ςφιν ἐὺ φρονέων ἀγορήςατο καὶ μετέειπεν:
ὦ πόποι ἦ μέγα πένθος Ἀχαιί̈δα γαῖαν ἱκάνει:
ἦ κεν γηθήςαι Πρίαμος Πριάμοιό τε παῖδες
ἄλλοι τε Τρῶες μέγα κεν κεχαροίατο θυμῷ
εἰ ςφῶϊν τάδε πάντα πυθοίατο μαρναμένοιϊν,
οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ̆ ἐςτὲ μάχεςθαι.
ἀλλὰ πίθεςθ̆: ἄμφω δὲ νεωτέρω ἐςτὸν ἐμεῖο:
ἤδη γάρ ποτ̆ ἐγὼ καὶ ἀρείοςιν ἠέ περ ὑμῖν
ἀνδράςιν ὡμίληςα, καὶ οὔ ποτέ μ̆ οἵ γ̆ ἀθέριζον.
οὐ γάρ πω τοίους ἴδον ἀνέρας οὐ δὲ ἴδωμαι,
οἷον Πειρίθοόν τε Δρύαντά τε ποιμένα λαῶν
Καινέα τ̆ Ἐξάδιόν τε καὶ ἀντίθεον Πολύφημον
Θηςέα τ̆ Αἰγεί̈δην, ἐπιείκελον ἀθανάτοιςιν:
κάρτιςτοι δὴ κεῖνοι ἐπιχθονίων τράφεν ἀνδρῶν:
κάρτιςτοι μὲν ἔςαν καὶ καρτίςτοις ἐμάχοντο
φηρςὶν ὀρεςκῴοιςι καὶ ἐκπάγλως ἀπόλεςςαν.
καὶ μὲν τοῖςιν ἐγὼ μεθομίλεον ἐκ Πύλου ἐλθὼν
τηλόθεν ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης: καλέςαντο γὰρ αὐτοί:
καὶ μαχόμην κατ̆ ἔμ̆ αὐτὸν ἐγώ: κείνοιςι δ̆ ἂν οὔ τις
τῶν οἳ νῦν βροτοί εἰςιν ἐπιχθόνιοι μαχέοιτο:
καὶ μέν μευ βουλέων ξύνιεν πείθοντό τε μύθῳ:
ἀλλὰ πίθεςθε καὶ ὔμμες, ἐπεὶ πείθεςθαι ἄμεινον:
μήτε ςὺ τόνδ̆ ἀγαθός περ ἐὼν ἀποαίρεο κούρην,
ἀλλ̆ ἔα ὥς οἱ πρῶτα δόςαν γέρας υἷες Ἀχαιῶν:
μήτε ςὺ Πηλείδη ἔθελ̆ ἐριζέμεναι βαςιλῆϊ
ἀντιβίην, ἐπεὶ οὔ ποθ̆ ὁμοίης ἔμμορε τιμῆς
ςκηπτοῦχος βαςιλεύς, ᾧ τε Ζεὺς κῦδος ἔδωκεν.
εἰ δὲ ςὺ καρτερός ἐςςι θεὰ δέ ςε γείνατο μήτηρ,
ἀλλ̆ ὅ γε φέρτερός ἐςτιν ἐπεὶ πλεόνεςςιν ἀνάςςει.
Ἀτρεί̈δη ςὺ δὲ παῦε τεὸν μένος: αὐτὰρ ἔγωγε
λίςςομ̆ Ἀχιλλῆϊ μεθέμεν χόλον, ὃς μέγα πᾶςιν
ἕρκος Ἀχαιοῖςιν πέλεται πολέμοιο κακοῖο.

τὸν δ̆ ἀπαμειβόμενος προςέφη κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων:
ναὶ δὴ ταῦτά γε πάντα γέρον κατὰ μοῖραν ἔειπες:
ἀλλ̆ ὅδ̆ ἀνὴρ ἐθέλει περὶ πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων,
πάντων μὲν κρατέειν ἐθέλει, πάντεςςι δ̆ ἀνάςςειν,
πᾶςι δὲ ςημαίνειν, ἅ τιν̆ οὐ πείςεςθαι ὀί̈ω:
εἰ δέ μιν αἰχμητὴν ἔθεςαν θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες
τοὔνεκά οἱ προθέουςιν ὀνείδεα μυθήςαςθαι;

τὸν δ̆ ἄρ̆ ὑποβλήδην ἠμείβετο δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς:
ἦ γάρ κεν δειλός τε καὶ οὐτιδανὸς καλεοίμην
εἰ δὴ ςοὶ πᾶν ἔργον ὑπείξομαι ὅττί κεν εἴπῃς:
ἄλλοιςιν δὴ ταῦτ̆ ἐπιτέλλεο, μὴ γὰρ ἔμοιγε
ςήμαιν̆: οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγ̆ ἔτι ςοὶ πείςεςθαι ὀί̈ω.
ἄλλο δέ τοι ἐρέω, ςὺ δ̆ ἐνὶ φρεςὶ βάλλεο ςῇςι:
χερςὶ μὲν οὔ τοι ἔγωγε μαχήςομαι εἵνεκα κούρης
οὔ τε ςοὶ οὔτέ τῳ ἄλλῳ, ἐπεί μ̆ ἀφέλεςθέ γε δόντες:
τῶν δ̆ ἄλλων ἅ μοί ἐςτι θοῇ παρὰ νηὶ̈ μελαίνῃ
τῶν οὐκ ἄν τι φέροις ἀνελὼν ἀέκοντος ἐμεῖο:
εἰ δ̆ ἄγε μὴν πείρηςαι ἵνα γνώωςι καὶ οἵδε:
αἶψά τοι αἷμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήςει περὶ δουρί.

ὣς τώ γ̆ ἀντιβίοιςι μαχεςςαμένω ἐπέεςςιν
ἀνςτήτην, λῦςαν δ̆ ἀγορὴν παρὰ νηυςὶν Ἀχαιῶν:
Πηλεί̈δης μὲν ἐπὶ κλιςίας καὶ νῆας ἐί̈ςας
ἤϊε ςύν τε Μενοιτιάδῃ καὶ οἷς ἑτάροιςιν:
Ἀτρεί̈δης δ̆ ἄρα νῆα θοὴν ἅλα δὲ προέρυςςεν,
ἐν δ̆ ἐρέτας ἔκρινεν ἐείκοςιν, ἐς δ̆ ἑκατόμβην
βῆςε θεῷ, ἀνὰ δὲ Χρυςηί̈δα καλλιπάρῃον
εἷςεν ἄγων: ἐν δ̆ ἀρχὸς ἔβη πολύμητις Ὀδυςςεύς.

οἳ μὲν ἔπειτ̆ ἀναβάντες ἐπέπλεον ὑγρὰ κέλευθα,
λαοὺς δ̆ Ἀτρεί̈δης ἀπολυμαίνεςθαι ἄνωγεν:
οἳ δ̆ ἀπελυμαίνοντο καὶ εἰς ἅλα λύματα βάλλον,
ἕρδον δ̆ Ἀπόλλωνι τεληέςςας ἑκατόμβας
ταύρων ἠδ̆ αἰγῶν παρὰ θῖν̆ ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο:
κνίςη δ̆ οὐρανὸν ἷκεν ἑλιςςομένη περὶ καπνῷ.

ὣς οἳ μὲν τὰ πένοντο κατὰ ςτρατόν: οὐ δ̆ Ἀγαμέμνων
λῆγ̆ ἔριδος τὴν πρῶτον ἐπηπείλης̆ Ἀχιλῆϊ,
ἀλλ̆ ὅ γε Ταλθύβιόν τε καὶ Εὐρυβάτην προςέειπε,
τώ οἱ ἔςαν κήρυκε καὶ ὀτρηρὼ θεράποντε:
ἔρχεςθον κλιςίην Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος:
χειρὸς ἑλόντ̆ ἀγέμεν Βριςηί̈δα καλλιπάρῃον:
εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃςιν ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι
ἐλθὼν ςὺν πλεόνεςςι: τό οἱ καὶ ῥίγιον ἔςται.

ὣς εἰπὼν προί̈ει, κρατερὸν δ̆ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε:
τὼ δ̆ ἀέκοντε βάτην παρὰ θῖν̆ ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο,
Μυρμιδόνων δ̆ ἐπί τε κλιςίας καὶ νῆας ἱκέςθην,
τὸν δ̆ εὗρον παρά τε κλιςίῃ καὶ νηὶ̈ μελαίνῃ
ἥμενον: οὐ δ̆ ἄρα τώ γε ἰδὼν γήθηςεν Ἀχιλλεύς.
τὼ μὲν ταρβήςαντε καὶ αἰδομένω βαςιλῆα
ςτήτην, οὐ δέ τί μιν προςεφώνεον οὐ δ̆ ἐρέοντο:
αὐτὰρ ὃ ἔγνω ᾗςιν ἐνὶ φρεςὶ φώνηςέν τε:
χαίρετε κήρυκες Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν,
ἆςςον ἴτ̆: οὔ τί μοι ὔμμες ἐπαίτιοι ἀλλ̆ Ἀγαμέμνων,
ὃ ςφῶϊ προί̈ει Βριςηί̈δος εἵνεκα κούρης.
ἀλλ̆ ἄγε διογενὲς Πατρόκλεες ἔξαγε κούρην
καί ςφωϊν δὸς ἄγειν: τὼ δ̆ αὐτὼ μάρτυροι ἔςτων
πρός τε θεῶν μακάρων πρός τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων
καὶ πρὸς τοῦ βαςιλῆος ἀπηνέος εἴ ποτε δ̆ αὖτε
χρειὼ ἐμεῖο γένηται ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι
τοῖς ἄλλοις: ἦ γὰρ ὅ γ̆ ὀλοιῇςι φρεςὶ θύει,
οὐ δέ τι οἶδε νοῆςαι ἅμα πρόςςω καὶ ὀπίςςω,
ὅππως οἱ παρὰ νηυςὶ ςόοι μαχέοιντο Ἀχαιοί.

ὣς φάτο, Πάτροκλος δὲ φίλῳ ἐπεπείθεθ̆ ἑταίρῳ,
ἐκ δ̆ ἄγαγε κλιςίης Βριςηί̈δα καλλιπάρῃον,
δῶκε δ̆ ἄγειν: τὼ δ̆ αὖτις ἴτην παρὰ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν:
ἣ δ̆ ἀέκους̆ ἅμα τοῖςι γυνὴ κίεν: αὐτὰρ Ἀχιλλεὺς
δακρύςας ἑτάρων ἄφαρ ἕζετο νόςφι λιαςθείς,
θῖν̆ ἔφ̆ ἁλὸς πολιῆς, ὁρόων ἐπ̆ ἀπείρονα πόντον:
πολλὰ δὲ μητρὶ φίλῃ ἠρήςατο χεῖρας ὀρεγνύς:
μῆτερ ἐπεί μ̆ ἔτεκές γε μινυνθάδιόν περ ἐόντα,
τιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν Ὀλύμπιος ἐγγυαλίξαι
Ζεὺς ὑψιβρεμέτης: νῦν δ̆ οὐ δέ με τυτθὸν ἔτιςεν:
ἦ γάρ μ̆ Ἀτρεί̈δης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων
ἠτίμηςεν: ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχει γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπούρας.

ὣς φάτο δάκρυ χέων, τοῦ δ̆ ἔκλυε πότνια μήτηρ
ἡμένη ἐν βένθεςςιν ἁλὸς παρὰ πατρὶ γέροντι:
καρπαλίμως δ̆ ἀνέδυ πολιῆς ἁλὸς ἠύ̈τ̆ ὀμίχλη,
καί ῥα πάροιθ̆ αὐτοῖο καθέζετο δάκρυ χέοντος,
χειρί τέ μιν κατέρεξεν ἔπος τ̆ ἔφατ̆ ἔκ τ̆ ὀνόμαζε:
τέκνον τί κλαίεις; τί δέ ςε φρένας ἵκετο πένθος;
ἐξαύδα, μὴ κεῦθε νόῳ, ἵνα εἴδομεν ἄμφω.

τὴν δὲ βαρὺ ςτενάχων προςέφη πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς:
οἶςθα: τί ἤ τοι ταῦτα ἰδυίῃ πάντ̆ ἀγορεύω;
ᾠχόμεθ̆ ἐς Θήβην ἱερὴν πόλιν hετίωνος,
τὴν δὲ διεπράθομέν τε καὶ ἤγομεν ἐνθάδε πάντα:
καὶ τὰ μὲν εὖ δάςςαντο μετὰ ςφίςιν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,
ἐκ δ̆ ἕλον Ἀτρεί̈δῃ Χρυςηί̈δα καλλιπάρῃον.
Χρύςης δ̆ αὖθ̆ ἱερεὺς ἑκατηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος
ἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Ἀχαιῶν χαλκοχιτώνων
λυςόμενός τε θύγατρα φέρων τ̆ ἀπερείςῐ ἄποινα,
ςτέμματ̆ ἔχων ἐν χερςὶν ἑκηβόλου Ἀπόλλωνος
χρυςέῳ ἀνὰ ςκήπτρῳ, καὶ λίςςετο πάντας Ἀχαιούς,
Ἀτρεί̈δα δὲ μάλιςτα δύω κοςμήτορε λαῶν.
ἔνθ̆ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες ἐπευφήμηςαν Ἀχαιοὶ
αἰδεῖςθαί θ̆ ἱερῆα καὶ ἀγλαὰ δέχθαι ἄποινα:
ἀλλ̆ οὐκ Ἀτρεί̈δῃ Ἀγαμέμνονι ἥνδανε θυμῷ,
ἀλλὰ κακῶς ἀφίει, κρατερὸν δ̆ ἐπὶ μῦθον ἔτελλε:
χωόμενος δ̆ ὁ γέρων πάλιν ᾤχετο: τοῖο δ̆ Ἀπόλλων
εὐξαμένου ἤκουςεν, ἐπεὶ μάλα οἱ φίλος ἦεν,
ἧκε δ̆ ἐπ̆ Ἀργείοιςι κακὸν βέλος: οἳ δέ νυ λαοὶ
θνῇςκον ἐπαςςύτεροι, τὰ δ̆ ἐπῴχετο κῆλα θεοῖο
πάντῃ ἀνὰ ςτρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν: ἄμμι δὲ μάντις
εὖ εἰδὼς ἀγόρευε θεοπροπίας ἑκάτοιο.
αὐτίκ̆ ἐγὼ πρῶτος κελόμην θεὸν ἱλάςκεςθαι:
Ἀτρεί̈ωνα δ̆ ἔπειτα χόλος λάβεν, αἶψα δ̆ ἀναςτὰς
ἠπείληςεν μῦθον ὃ δὴ τετελεςμένος ἐςτί:
τὴν μὲν γὰρ ςὺν νηὶ̈ θοῇ ἑλίκωπες Ἀχαιοὶ
ἐς Χρύςην πέμπουςιν, ἄγουςι δὲ δῶρα ἄνακτι:
τὴν δὲ νέον κλιςίηθεν ἔβαν κήρυκες ἄγοντες
κούρην Βριςῆος τήν μοι δόςαν υἷες Ἀχαιῶν.
ἀλλὰ ςὺ εἰ δύναςαί γε περίςχεο παιδὸς ἑῆος:
ἐλθοῦς̆ Οὔλυμπον δὲ Δία λίςαι, εἴ ποτε δή τι
ἢ ἔπει ὤνηςας κραδίην Διὸς ἠὲ καὶ ἔργῳ.
πολλάκι γάρ ςεο πατρὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροιςιν ἄκουςα
εὐχομένης ὅτ̆ ἔφηςθα κελαινεφέϊ Κρονίωνι
οἴη ἐν ἀθανάτοιςιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι,
ὁππότε μιν ξυνδῆςαι Ὀλύμπιοι ἤθελον ἄλλοι
hρη τ̆ ἠδὲ Ποςειδάων καὶ Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη:
ἀλλὰ ςὺ τόν γ̆ ἐλθοῦςα θεὰ ὑπελύςαο δεςμῶν,
ὦχ̆ ἑκατόγχειρον καλέςας̆ ἐς μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον,
ὃν Βριάρεων καλέουςι θεοί, ἄνδρες δέ τε πάντες
Αἰγαίων̆, ὃ γὰρ αὖτε βίην οὗ πατρὸς ἀμείνων:
ὅς ῥα παρὰ Κρονίωνι καθέζετο κύδεϊ γαίων:
τὸν καὶ ὑπέδειςαν μάκαρες θεοὶ οὐ δ̆ ἔτ̆ ἔδηςαν.
τῶν νῦν μιν μνήςαςα παρέζεο καὶ λαβὲ γούνων
αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃςιν ἐπὶ Τρώεςςιν ἀρῆξαι,
τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ̆ ἅλα ἔλςαι Ἀχαιοὺς
κτεινομένους, ἵνα πάντες ἐπαύρωνται βαςιλῆος,
γνῷ δὲ καὶ Ἀτρεί̈δης εὐρὺ κρείων Ἀγαμέμνων
ἣν ἄτην ὅ τ̆ ἄριςτον Ἀχαιῶν οὐδὲν ἔτιςεν.

τὸν δ̆ ἠμείβετ̆ ἔπειτα Θέτις κατὰ δάκρυ χέουςα:
ὤ μοι τέκνον ἐμόν, τί νύ ς̆ ἔτρεφον αἰνὰ τεκοῦςα;
αἴθ̆ ὄφελες παρὰ νηυςὶν ἀδάκρυτος καὶ ἀπήμων
ἧςθαι, ἐπεί νύ τοι αἶςα μίνυνθά περ οὔ τι μάλα δήν:
νῦν δ̆ ἅμα τ̆ ὠκύμορος καὶ ὀϊζυρὸς περὶ πάντων
ἔπλεο: τώ ςε κακῇ αἴςῃ τέκον ἐν μεγάροιςι.
τοῦτο δέ τοι ἐρέουςα ἔπος Διὶ τερπικεραύνῳ
εἶμ̆ αὐτὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἀγάννιφον αἴ κε πίθηται.
ἀλλὰ ςὺ μὲν νῦν νηυςὶ παρήμενος ὠκυπόροιςι
μήνῐ Ἀχαιοῖςιν, πολέμου δ̆ ἀποπαύεο πάμπαν:
Ζεὺς γὰρ ἐς Ὠκεανὸν μετ̆ ἀμύμονας Αἰθιοπῆας
χθιζὸς ἔβη κατὰ δαῖτα, θεοὶ δ̆ ἅμα πάντες ἕποντο:
δωδεκάτῃ δέ τοι αὖτις ἐλεύςεται Οὔλυμπον δέ,
καὶ τότ̆ ἔπειτά τοι εἶμι Διὸς ποτὶ χαλκοβατὲς δῶ,
καί μιν γουνάςομαι καί μιν πείςεςθαι ὀί̈ω.

ὣς ἄρα φωνήςας̆ ἀπεβήςετο, τὸν δὲ λίπ̆ αὐτοῦ
χωόμενον κατὰ θυμὸν ἐϋζώνοιο γυναικὸς
τήν ῥα βίῃ ἀέκοντος ἀπηύρων: αὐτὰρ Ὀδυςςεὺς
ἐς Χρύςην ἵκανεν ἄγων ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην.
οἳ δ̆ ὅτε δὴ λιμένος πολυβενθέος ἐντὸς ἵκοντο
ἱςτία μὲν ςτείλαντο, θέςαν δ̆ ἐν νηὶ̈ μελαίνῃ,
ἱςτὸν δ̆ ἱςτοδόκῃ πέλαςαν προτόνοιςιν ὑφέντες
καρπαλίμως, τὴν δ̆ εἰς ὅρμον προέρεςςαν ἐρετμοῖς.
ἐκ δ̆ εὐνὰς ἔβαλον, κατὰ δὲ πρυμνήςῐ ἔδηςαν:
ἐκ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ βαῖνον ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάςςης,
ἐκ δ̆ ἑκατόμβην βῆςαν ἑκηβόλῳ Ἀπόλλωνι:
ἐκ δὲ Χρυςηὶ̈ς νηὸς βῆ ποντοπόροιο.
τὴν μὲν ἔπειτ̆ ἐπὶ βωμὸν ἄγων πολύμητις Ὀδυςςεὺς
πατρὶ φίλῳ ἐν χερςὶ τίθει καί μιν προςέειπεν:
ὦ Χρύςη, πρό μ̆ ἔπεμψεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων
παῖδά τε ςοὶ ἀγέμεν, Φοίβῳ θ̆ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην
ῥέξαι ὑπὲρ Δαναῶν ὄφρ̆ ἱλαςόμεςθα ἄνακτα,
ὃς νῦν Ἀργείοιςι πολύςτονα κήδε̆ ἐφῆκεν.

ὣς εἰπὼν ἐν χερςὶ τίθει, ὃ δὲ δέξατο χαίρων
παῖδα φίλην: τοὶ δ̆ ὦκα θεῷ ἱερὴν ἑκατόμβην
ἑξείης ἔςτηςαν ἐύ̈δμητον περὶ βωμόν,
χερνίψαντο δ̆ ἔπειτα καὶ οὐλοχύτας ἀνέλοντο.
τοῖςιν δὲ Χρύςης μεγάλ̆ εὔχετο χεῖρας ἀναςχών:
κλῦθί μευ ἀργυρότοξ̆, ὃς Χρύςην ἀμφιβέβηκας
Κίλλαν τε ζαθέην Τενέδοιό τε ἶφι ἀνάςςεις:
ἦ μὲν δή ποτ̆ ἐμεῦ πάρος ἔκλυες εὐξαμένοιο,
τίμηςας μὲν ἐμέ, μέγα δ̆ ἴψαο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν:
ἠδ̆ ἔτι καὶ νῦν μοι τόδ̆ ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ:
ἤδη νῦν Δαναοῖςιν ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἄμυνον.

ὣς ἔφατ̆ εὐχόμενος, τοῦ δ̆ ἔκλυε Φοῖβος Ἀπόλλων.
αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥ̆ εὔξαντο καὶ οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο,
αὐέρυςαν μὲν πρῶτα καὶ ἔςφαξαν καὶ ἔδειραν,
μηρούς τ̆ ἐξέταμον κατά τε κνίςῃ ἐκάλυψαν
δίπτυχα ποιήςαντες, ἐπ̆ αὐτῶν δ̆ ὠμοθέτηςαν:
καῖε δ̆ ἐπὶ ςχίζῃς ὁ γέρων, ἐπὶ δ̆ αἴθοπα οἶνον
λεῖβε: νέοι δὲ παρ̆ αὐτὸν ἔχον πεμπώβολα χερςίν.
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατὰ μῆρε κάη καὶ ςπλάγχνα πάςαντο,
μίςτυλλόν τ̆ ἄρα τἆλλα καὶ ἀμφ̆ ὀβελοῖςιν ἔπειραν,
ὤπτηςάν τε περιφραδέως, ἐρύςαντό τε πάντα.
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ παύςαντο πόνου τετύκοντό τε δαῖτα
δαίνυντ̆, οὐ δέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐί̈ςης.
αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόςιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο,
κοῦροι μὲν κρητῆρας ἐπεςτέψαντο ποτοῖο,
νώμηςαν δ̆ ἄρα πᾶςιν ἐπαρξάμενοι δεπάεςςιν:
οἳ δὲ πανημέριοι μολπῇ θεὸν ἱλάςκοντο
καλὸν ἀείδοντες παιήονα κοῦροι Ἀχαιῶν
μέλποντες ἑκάεργον: ὃ δὲ φρένα τέρπετ̆ ἀκούων.

ἦμος δ̆ ἠέλιος κατέδυ καὶ ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθε,
δὴ τότε κοιμήςαντο παρὰ πρυμνήςια νηός:
ἦμος δ̆ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος hώς,
καὶ τότ̆ ἔπειτ̆ ἀνάγοντο μετὰ ςτρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν:
τοῖςιν δ̆ ἴκμενον οὖρον ἵει ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων:
οἳ δ̆ ἱςτὸν ςτήςαντ̆ ἀνά θ̆ ἱςτία λευκὰ πέταςςαν,
ἐν δ̆ ἄνεμος πρῆςεν μέςον ἱςτίον, ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα
ςτείρῃ πορφύρεον μεγάλ̆ ἴαχε νηὸς ἰούςης:
ἣ δ̆ ἔθεεν κατὰ κῦμα διαπρήςςουςα κέλευθον.
αὐτὰρ ἐπεί ῥ̆ ἵκοντο κατὰ ςτρατὸν εὐρὺν Ἀχαιῶν,
νῆα μὲν οἵ γε μέλαιναν ἐπ̆ ἠπείροιο ἔρυςςαν
ὑψοῦ ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις, ὑπὸ δ̆ ἕρματα μακρὰ τάνυςςαν:
αὐτοὶ δ̆ ἐςκίδναντο κατὰ κλιςίας τε νέας τε.

αὐτὰρ ὃ μήνιε νηυςὶ παρήμενος ὠκυπόροιςι
διογενὴς Πηλῆος υἱὸς πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς:
οὔτέ ποτ̆ εἰς ἀγορὴν πωλέςκετο κυδιάνειραν
οὔτέ ποτ̆ ἐς πόλεμον, ἀλλὰ φθινύθεςκε φίλον κῆρ
αὖθι μένων, ποθέεςκε δ̆ ἀϋτήν τε πτόλεμόν τε.

ἀλλ̆ ὅτε δή ῥ̆ ἐκ τοῖο δυωδεκάτη γένετ̆ ἠώς,
καὶ τότε δὴ πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἴςαν θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες
πάντες ἅμα, Ζεὺς δ̆ ἦρχε: Θέτις δ̆ οὐ λήθετ̆ ἐφετμέων
παιδὸς ἑοῦ, ἀλλ̆ ἥ γ̆ ἀνεδύςετο κῦμα θαλάςςης.
ἠερίη δ̆ ἀνέβη μέγαν οὐρανὸν Οὔλυμπόν τε.
εὗρεν δ̆ εὐρύοπα Κρονίδην ἄτερ ἥμενον ἄλλων
ἀκροτάτῃ κορυφῇ πολυδειράδος Οὐλύμποιο:
καί ῥα πάροιθ̆ αὐτοῖο καθέζετο, καὶ λάβε γούνων
ςκαιῇ, δεξιτερῇ δ̆ ἄρ̆ ὑπ̆ ἀνθερεῶνος ἑλοῦςα
λιςςομένη προςέειπε Δία Κρονίωνα ἄνακτα:
Ζεῦ πάτερ εἴ ποτε δή ςε μετ̆ ἀθανάτοιςιν ὄνηςα
ἢ ἔπει ἢ ἔργῳ, τόδε μοι κρήηνον ἐέλδωρ:
τίμηςόν μοι υἱὸν ὃς ὠκυμορώτατος ἄλλων
ἔπλετ̆: ἀτάρ μιν νῦν γε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων
ἠτίμηςεν: ἑλὼν γὰρ ἔχει γέρας αὐτὸς ἀπούρας.
ἀλλὰ ςύ πέρ μιν τῖςον Ὀλύμπιε μητίετα Ζεῦ:
τόφρα δ̆ ἐπὶ Τρώεςςι τίθει κράτος ὄφρ̆ ἂν Ἀχαιοὶ
υἱὸν ἐμὸν τίςωςιν ὀφέλλωςίν τέ ἑ τιμῇ.

ὣς φάτο: τὴν δ̆ οὔ τι προςέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς,
ἀλλ̆ ἀκέων δὴν ἧςτο: Θέτις δ̆ ὡς ἥψατο γούνων
ὣς ἔχετ̆ ἐμπεφυυῖα, καὶ εἴρετο δεύτερον αὖτις:
νημερτὲς μὲν δή μοι ὑπόςχεο καὶ κατάνευςον
ἢ ἀπόειπ̆, ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι ἔπι δέος, ὄφρ̆ ἐὺ̈ εἰδέω
ὅςςον ἐγὼ μετὰ πᾶςιν ἀτιμοτάτη θεός εἰμι.

τὴν δὲ μέγ̆ ὀχθήςας προςέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς:
ἦ δὴ λοίγια ἔργ̆ ὅ τέ μ̆ ἐχθοδοπῆςαι ἐφήςεις
hρῃ ὅτ̆ ἄν μ̆ ἐρέθῃςιν ὀνειδείοις ἐπέεςςιν:
ἣ δὲ καὶ αὔτως μ̆ αἰεὶ ἐν ἀθανάτοιςι θεοῖςι
νεικεῖ, καί τέ μέ φηςι μάχῃ Τρώεςςιν ἀρήγειν.
ἀλλὰ ςὺ μὲν νῦν αὖτις ἀπόςτιχε μή τι νοήςῃ
hρη: ἐμοὶ δέ κε ταῦτα μελήςεται ὄφρα τελέςςω:
εἰ δ̆ ἄγε τοι κεφαλῇ κατανεύςομαι ὄφρα πεποίθῃς:
τοῦτο γὰρ ἐξ ἐμέθεν γε μετ̆ ἀθανάτοιςι μέγιςτον
τέκμωρ: οὐ γὰρ ἐμὸν παλινάγρετον οὐ δ̆ ἀπατηλὸν
οὐ δ̆ ἀτελεύτητον ὅ τί κεν κεφαλῇ κατανεύςω.

ἦ καὶ κυανέῃςιν ἐπ̆ ὀφρύςι νεῦςε Κρονίων:
ἀμβρόςιαι δ̆ ἄρα χαῖται ἐπερρώςαντο ἄνακτος
κρατὸς ἀπ̆ ἀθανάτοιο: μέγαν δ̆ ἐλέλιξεν Ὄλυμπον.

τώ γ̆ ὣς βουλεύςαντε διέτμαγεν: ἣ μὲν ἔπειτα
εἰς ἅλα ἆλτο βαθεῖαν ἀπ̆ αἰγλήεντος Ὀλύμπου,
Ζεὺς δὲ ἑὸν πρὸς δῶμα: θεοὶ δ̆ ἅμα πάντες ἀνέςταν
ἐξ ἑδέων ςφοῦ πατρὸς ἐναντίον: οὐ δέ τις ἔτλη
μεῖναι ἐπερχόμενον, ἀλλ̆ ἀντίοι ἔςταν ἅπαντες.
ὣς ὃ μὲν ἔνθα καθέζετ̆ ἐπὶ θρόνου: οὐ δέ μιν hρη
ἠγνοίηςεν ἰδοῦς̆ ὅτι οἱ ςυμφράςςατο βουλὰς
ἀργυρόπεζα Θέτις θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος.
αὐτίκα κερτομίοιςι Δία Κρονίωνα προςηύδα:
τίς δ̆ αὖ τοι δολομῆτα θεῶν ςυμφράςςατο βουλάς;
αἰεί τοι φίλον ἐςτὶν ἐμεῦ ἀπὸ νόςφιν ἐόντα
κρυπτάδια φρονέοντα δικαζέμεν: οὐ δέ τί πώ μοι
πρόφρων τέτληκας εἰπεῖν ἔπος ὅττι νοήςῃς.

τὴν δ̆ ἠμείβετ̆ ἔπειτα πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε:
hρη μὴ δὴ πάντας ἐμοὺς ἐπιέλπεο μύθους
εἰδήςειν: χαλεποί τοι ἔςοντ̆ ἀλόχῳ περ ἐούςῃ:
ἀλλ̆ ὃν μέν κ̆ ἐπιεικὲς ἀκουέμεν οὔ τις ἔπειτα
οὔ τε θεῶν πρότερος τὸν εἴςεται οὔ τ̆ ἀνθρώπων:
ὃν δέ κ̆ ἐγὼν ἀπάνευθε θεῶν ἐθέλωμι νοῆςαι
μή τι ςὺ ταῦτα ἕκαςτα διείρεο μη δὲ μετάλλα.

τὸν δ̆ ἠμείβετ̆ ἔπειτα βοῶπις πότνια hρη:
αἰνότατε Κρονίδη ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες;
καὶ λίην ςε πάρος γ̆ οὔ τ̆ εἴρομαι οὔ τε μεταλλῶ,
ἀλλὰ μάλ̆ εὔκηλος τὰ φράζεαι ἅςς̆ ἐθέλῃςθα.
νῦν δ̆ αἰνῶς δείδοικα κατὰ φρένα μή ςε παρείπῃ
ἀργυρόπεζα Θέτις θυγάτηρ ἁλίοιο γέροντος:
ἠερίη γὰρ ςοί γε παρέζετο καὶ λάβε γούνων:
τῇ ς̆ ὀί̈ω κατανεῦςαι ἐτήτυμον ὡς Ἀχιλῆα
τιμήςῃς, ὀλέςῃς δὲ πολέας ἐπὶ νηυςὶν Ἀχαιῶν.

τὴν δ̆ ἀπαμειβόμενος προςέφη νεφεληγερέτα Ζεύς:
δαιμονίη αἰεὶ μὲν ὀί̈εαι οὐ δέ ςε λήθω:
πρῆξαι δ̆ ἔμπης οὔ τι δυνήςεαι, ἀλλ̆ ἀπὸ θυμοῦ
μᾶλλον ἐμοὶ ἔςεαι: τὸ δέ τοι καὶ ῥίγιον ἔςται.
εἰ δ̆ οὕτω τοῦτ̆ ἐςτὶν ἐμοὶ μέλλει φίλον εἶναι:
ἀλλ̆ ἀκέουςα κάθηςο, ἐμῷ δ̆ ἐπιπείθεο μύθῳ,
μή νύ τοι οὐ χραίςμωςιν ὅςοι θεοί εἰς̆ ἐν Ὀλύμπῳ
ἆςςον ἰόνθ̆, ὅτε κέν τοι ἀάπτους χεῖρας ἐφείω.

ὣς ἔφατ̆ ἔδειςεν δὲ βοῶπις πότνια hρη,
καί ῥ̆ ἀκέουςα καθῆςτο ἐπιγνάμψαςα φίλον κῆρ:
ὄχθηςαν δ̆ ἀνὰ δῶμα Διὸς θεοὶ Οὐρανίωνες:
τοῖςιν δ̆ hφαιςτος κλυτοτέχνης ἦρχ̆ ἀγορεύειν
μητρὶ φίλῃ ἐπίηρα φέρων λευκωλένῳ hρῃ:
ἦ δὴ λοίγια ἔργα τάδ̆ ἔςςεται οὐ δ̆ ἔτ̆ ἀνεκτά,
εἰ δὴ ςφὼ ἕνεκα θνητῶν ἐριδαίνετον ὧδε,
ἐν δὲ θεοῖςι κολῳὸν ἐλαύνετον: οὐ δέ τι δαιτὸς
ἐςθλῆς ἔςςεται ἦδος, ἐπεὶ τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ.
μητρὶ δ̆ ἐγὼ παράφημι καὶ αὐτῇ περ νοεούςῃ
πατρὶ φίλῳ ἐπίηρα φέρειν Διί, ὄφρα μὴ αὖτε
νεικείῃςι πατήρ, ςὺν δ̆ ἡμῖν δαῖτα ταράξῃ.
εἴ περ γάρ κ̆ ἐθέλῃςιν Ὀλύμπιος ἀςτεροπητὴς
ἐξ ἑδέων ςτυφελίξαι: ὃ γὰρ πολὺ φέρτατός ἐςτιν.
ἀλλὰ ςὺ τὸν ἐπέεςςι καθάπτεςθαι μαλακοῖςιν:
αὐτίκ̆ ἔπειθ̆ ἵλαος Ὀλύμπιος ἔςςεται ἡμῖν.

ὣς ἄρ̆ ἔφη καὶ ἀναί̈ξας δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον
μητρὶ φίλῃ ἐν χειρὶ τίθει καί μιν προςέειπε:
τέτλαθι μῆτερ ἐμή, καὶ ἀνάςχεο κηδομένη περ,
μή ςε φίλην περ ἐοῦςαν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖςιν ἴδωμαι
θεινομένην, τότε δ̆ οὔ τι δυνήςομαι ἀχνύμενός περ
χραιςμεῖν: ἀργαλέος γὰρ Ὀλύμπιος ἀντιφέρεςθαι:
ἤδη γάρ με καὶ ἄλλοτ̆ ἀλεξέμεναι μεμαῶτα
ῥῖψε ποδὸς τεταγὼν ἀπὸ βηλοῦ θεςπεςίοιο,
πᾶν δ̆ ἦμαρ φερόμην, ἅμα δ̆ ἠελίῳ καταδύντι
κάππεςον ἐν Λήμνῳ, ὀλίγος δ̆ ἔτι θυμὸς ἐνῆεν:
ἔνθά με Σίντιες ἄνδρες ἄφαρ κομίςαντο πεςόντα.

ὣς φάτο, μείδηςεν δὲ θεὰ λευκώλενος hρη,
μειδήςαςα δὲ παιδὸς ἐδέξατο χειρὶ κύπελλον:
αὐτὰρ ὃ τοῖς ἄλλοιςι θεοῖς ἐνδέξια πᾶςιν
οἰνοχόει γλυκὺ νέκταρ ἀπὸ κρητῆρος ἀφύςςων:
ἄςβεςτος δ̆ ἄρ̆ ἐνῶρτο γέλως μακάρεςςι θεοῖςιν
ὡς ἴδον hφαιςτον διὰ δώματα ποιπνύοντα.

ὣς τότε μὲν πρόπαν ἦμαρ ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα
δαίνυντ̆, οὐ δέ τι θυμὸς ἐδεύετο δαιτὸς ἐί̈ςης,
οὐ μὲν φόρμιγγος περικαλλέος ἣν ἔχ̆ Ἀπόλλων,
Μουςάων θ̆ αἳ ἄειδον ἀμειβόμεναι ὀπὶ καλῇ.

αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ κατέδυ λαμπρὸν φάος ἠελίοιο,
οἳ μὲν κακκείοντες ἔβαν οἶκον δὲ ἕκαςτος,
ἧχι ἑκάςτῳ δῶμα περικλυτὸς ἀμφιγυήεις
hφαιςτος ποίηςεν ἰδυίῃςι πραπίδεςςι:
Ζεὺς δὲ πρὸς ὃν λέχος ἤϊ̆ Ὀλύμπιος ἀςτεροπητής,
ἔνθα πάρος κοιμᾶθ̆ ὅτε μιν γλυκὺς ὕπνος ἱκάνοι:
ἔνθα καθεῦδ̆ ἀναβάς, παρὰ δὲ χρυςόθρονος hρη.

1. of Hercules, Lat. Herculeus, βίη hρακληείη, i. e. Hercules himself, Hom.:— hρ. ςτῆλαι the opposite headlands of Gibraltar and Apes' Hill near Tangier, Hdt.
2. as Subst., hράκλειον, ionic -ήιον (sc. ἱερόν), the temple of Hercules, Heracleum, id=Hdt., etc.
3. hράκλεια (sc. ἱερά), τά, his festival, Ar.
1. Hera, the Lat. Juno, queen of the gods, daughter of Kronos and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus, Hom., etc.; νὴ τὴν hραν, an oath of Athen. women, Xen.
1. Heracles, Lat. Hercules, son of Zeus and Alcmena, the most famous of the Greek heroes, Hom., etc. (The name signifies Hera's glory, hρας κλέος, from the power she obtained over him at birth.)
1. Hephaestus, Lat. Vulcanus, sonof Zeus and Hera, lame from birth, master of metal working, Hom., etc.
2. meton. for πῦρ, fire, Il., Soph.
1. Rhea, daughter of Uranus and Gaia, wife of Cronus, mother of the gods, Hom., etc.
1. the isle of Rhodes, Il., etc.
1. son of Aeacus, Il.
1. Aegaeon, the name given by men to the hundred-armed son of Uranus and Gaia, called by gods Βριάρεως, Il.
2. the Aegaean sea, Eur.
1. Egyptian, Hom., etc.
1. properly burnt-face, i. e. an Ethiop, African, Hom., etc.
2. adj. Ethiopian, Hdt., etc.
1. Ajax, pr. n., borne by two heroes, the Greater son of Telamon, the Less son of Oileus, Hom.
1. Aegina, Il., etc.
1. like Μοῖρα, the goddess of destiny, Lat. Parca, Il.
2. as appellat.
3. the decree, dispensation of a god, Διὸς αἴςηι, ὑπὲρ Διὸς αἶςαν id=Il.; θεοῦ αἶςα Eur.:— κατ̆ αἶςαν fitly, duly, Il., etc.; κατ̆ αἶςαν, οὐδ̆ ὑπὲρ αἶςαν id=Il.
4. one's appointed lot, destiny, Hom., etc.
5. one's share in a thing, Od.; ληί̈δος αἶςα id=Od., etc.
1. self-ruler, name of Achilles' charioteer, Il.
1. a Boeotian, Il., etc.
1. Boeotian: the Boeotians were proverbially clownish, whence the saying ὗς Βοιωτία.
1. the North wind, Lat. Aquilo, Od.; πρὸς βορῆν ἄνεμον towards the North, Hdt.; πρὸς βορέαν τινός northward of a place, Thuc.
1. the Gorgon, i. e. the grim one (cf. γοργός), Hom.: Hes. speaks of three Gorgons, Euryale, Stheino, Medusa, —the last being the Gorgon; her snaky head was fixed on the aegis of Athena, and all who looked on it became stone, Eur.
1. of the Gorgon, Hom.
1. Dardanus, son of Zeus, founder of Troy, Il.:—as adj., Δάρδανος ἀνήρ a Trojan, id=Il.
1. the Danaans, subjects of Δάναος, king of Argos; in Il., for the Greeks generally.
1. Trojan, Il.
1. a son or descendant of Dardanus, Il.
1. a Trojan woman, Il.
1. Daulis, a city of Phocis, Hom., etc.
1. Demeter, Lat. Ceres, goddess of agriculture, mother of Persephone, Hom.
1. Jove-counselled; in Hom. as prop. n. Diomedes.
1. cherished by Zeus, of kings and nobles, Hom.
1. adv. sent from Zeus, by his will or favour, Il., Trag.
1. Dionysus, Od., etc.: v. *ba/kxos.
1. of Dodona, Il., Aesch.
1. Dodona, in Epirus, the seat of the most ancient oracle of Zeus, Hom., etc.
1. fem. adj. Dorian, Hdt., Thuc.: hence,
2. Δωρὶς νᾶςος the Dorian island, i. e. Peloponnesus, Pind., Soph.
3. (with or without γῆ) Doris, in Northern Greece, Hdt., Thuc., etc.
4. Δ. κόρα a Dorian damsel, Eur.
1. giver, a Nereid, Il., Hes.
1. unhappy Paris, ill-starred Paris, Il.; cf. Δυςελένα.
1. Ilithyia, the goddess who comes to aid women in child-birth, Lat. Lucina, Il.:
1. Euboea, now Negropont (i. e. Egripo or Evripo, from Euripus), an island lying along the coast of Boeotia and Attica, Hom., etc.
1. the East wind, or more exactly E. S. E., Lat. Eurus, Il. (Probably akin to ἠώς, ἕως, the morning-wind, as Ζέφυρος is to ζόφος, the evening-wind.)
1. Zephyrus, the west wind, Lat. Favonius, Hom., etc.; westerly wind, often represented as stormy, Od.; but also as clearing, ὁπότε νέφεα Z. ςτυφελίξῃ Il.
1. Zeus, Lat. Ju-piter, father of gods and men, son of Kronos and Rhea, hence called Κρονίδης, Κρονίων, husband of Hera: —Hom. makes him rule in the lower air (ἀήρ); hence rain and storms come from him, Ζεὺς ὕει, etc.:—in oaths, οὐ μὰ Ζῆνα Hom., attic; so μὰ Δία, νὴ Δία, attic
2. Ζεὺς καταχθόνιος, Pluto, Il.
1. Thetis, one of the Nereids, wife of Peleus, mother of Achilles
1. Thersites, i. e. the audacious ( from qe/rsos, aeolic for θάρςος), Hom.
1. a Thessalian, Hdt., etc.; proverb., Θεςςαλὸν ςόφιςμα a Thessalian trick, from the faithless character of the people, Eur.
2. Θεςςαλὶς κυνῆ a Thessalian cap, Soph.
1. Theban, Hom., etc.; Θηβαϊκός, ή, όν, Hdt.
1. Theseus, the famous ancestral hero of Athens, Il., etc.
1. Thracian, Thuc., etc.: ionic Θρηί̈κι^ος, ος, η, ον, Il., Hdt.; contr. Θρῄκιος, Trag.:— Σάμος Θρηϊκίη ͂ Σαμοθρᾴκη, Il.
1. Thrace, Ar., Thuc., etc.: ionic Θρηί̈κη, Hdt.; epic contr. Θρῄκη, Il., Trag.; Θρᾴκη in Ar.
1. a Thracian; ionic Θρηί̈ξ, ί̈κος, pl. Θρηί̈κες [ι^], Il., Hdt., etc.; epic contr. Θρῇξ, Θρῃκός, Il., Trag., etc.
1. from Thrace, Il.
1. Thebes, the name of several cities, the most famous being the Egyptian (ἑκατόμπυλοι), and the Boeotian (ἑπτάπυλοι), Hom.
1. a Carian woman, Il.
2. adj. fem. = *karikh/, Carian, Hdt.
1. Calchas the Greek seer at Troy, properly the searcher.
1. a Carian, Il., etc.; fem. Κάειρα, id=Il.:—the Carians hired themselves out as mercenaries, and were used to spare the lives of the citizen-soldiers; hence, ἐν τῷ Καρὶ κινδυνεύειν to make the risk, not with one's own person, but with a Carian, Lat. experimentum facere in corpore vili, Eur.
1. Carpathus, an island between Crete and Rhodes, Hom.
1. Castor, son of Zeus (or Tyndareus) and Leda, brother of Pollux, Hom.
1. a Centaur: the Centaurs were a savage Thessalian race, between Pelion and Ossa, extirpated in a war with their neighbours the Lapithae, Hom.
2. in later Poets they are monsters of double shape, half-man and half-horse, Pind., etc.
1. a Cilician, Il.: fem. Κίλιςςα, Aesch.: —adj. Κιλίκιος, η, ον Cilician, id=Aesch.; ἡ Κιλικία, (sc. γῆ), Cilicia, Hdt.
1. Cadmean, Hes., Trag.; poet. Καδμέϊος, Pind., Soph., ionic form Καδμήιος, η, ον Καδμεῖοι, οἱ, the Cadmeans or ancient inhabitants of Thebes, Hom., etc.; also Καδμείωνες, Il.:— ἡ Καδμεία the citadel of Thebes, Xen.:—proverb., Καδμεία νίκη a dear-bought victory (from the story of the Σπαρτοί, or that of Polynices and Eteocles), Hdt.
1. fair-hill, a place near Troy, Il.
1. of or from the river Cayster (in Lydia), Ar.
1. the Cephisus, a river of Phocis, Il.:—fem. λίμνη Κηφιςίς id=Il.
2. the more famous river of Athens, Soph., etc.
1. a Cretan, Hom., etc.; fem. Κρῆςςα, ης, Aesch.
2. as adj. Cretan, Soph.; also Κρήςιος, η, ον, id=Soph., Eur.
1. Crete, now Candia, Hom.; epic gen. pl. Κρητάων εὐρειάων Od.
1. from Crete, Il.
1. patronym., son of Cronus, i. e. Zeus, Hom.
1. patronym., son of Cronus, i. e. Zeus, Hom.
1. Cronus, identified with the Lat. Saturnus, son of Uranos and Gaia, husband of Rhea, father of Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hera, Demeter and Hestia, Hes.: he reigned in heaven until his sons banished him to Tartarus, Il., Aesch.; his time was the golden age, Hes.
2. a name at Athens, a superannuated old dotard, old fool, Ar.
1. Crisa, a city in Phocis, near Delphi, Il.:—adj. Κριςαῖος, η, ον Crisaean, id=Il., Hdt.
1. Cytherean, Il., etc.; ἡ Κυθηρία (sc. γῆ) Xen.
1. from Cythera, Il.
1. Cyllene, a mountain in Arcadia, Il.; whence Hermes was called Κυλλήνιος, Hom.
1. crook-footed, halting, of Vulcan, Il.; voc. Κυλλοπόδι_ον id=Il.
1. wave-receiver, a Nereid, Il.
1. Corinth, the city and country, Il., Hdt., attic; famed for its luxury, whence the proverb οὐ παντὸς ἀνδρὸς εἰς Κόρινθον ἐςθ̆ ὁ πλοῦς; — with a masc. adj., ὀφρυόεντα K. Orac. ap. Hdt.:—proverb., Διὸς Κόρινθος, used of persons who are always repeating the same old story, Ar., etc.
2. adv. *korinqo/qi, at Corinth, Il.
1. an island, now Cerigo, to the south of Laconia, Hom.
1. Cypris, a name of Aphrodite, from the island of Cyprus, where she was most worshipped, Il., Trag., etc.
2. as appellat. love, passion, Eur., etc.
1. Cyprus, a Greek island on the S. coast of Asia Minor, Hom., etc.:—the Romans got from it the best copper, Lat. cyprium.
1. the island Cos, opposite Caria, Hom.:— Κόωνδε to Cos, Il.
1. one of the horses of Aurora, bright, Od.
1. Larissa, a name of many old Greek cities, Il., etc.:—orig. it denoted a citadel, such as the Larissa of Argos.
1. Lesbos, an island on the W. coast of Asia Minor, Hom., etc.
1. Linos, a mythical minstrel, son of Apollo and Urania (Calliope), teacher of Orpheus, Theocr., etc.
2. as appellat., the song or lay of Linos, sung by a boy to the cithara while the vintagers are at work, Λίνον ὑπὸ καλὸν ἄειδεν sang the lovely lay of Linos in accompaniment, Il.:—cf. αἴλινος which is a mournful song.
1. Lacedaemon, the capital of Laconia, and Laconia itself, Hom., Hdt., etc.
2. as adj., Hdt., Eur.; but regul. adj. Λακεδαιμόνιος, α, ον, of persons, Hdt., etc.
1. a Lesbian woman, Il.; so Λεςβιάς, άδος, Anth.
1. from Lesbos, Il.
1. Leto, Lat. Latona, mother of Apollo and Artemis, Hom.
1. the Locrians, of which there were three tribes, the Opuntian, opposite Euboea, Il.; the Epicnemidian, on Mount Cnemis on the Maliac Gulf, Thuc.; and the Ozolian, on the Corinthian Gulf, id=Thuc.:— the Epizephyrian or Zephyrian were a colony of the last on Mount Zephyrium in lower Italy, Pind., Thuc.
1. Lycia.
1. from Lycia, Il.
1. of Apollo, commonly explained Lycian-born, i. e. at Patara, Il.
1. the Lycians, Il., etc.
2. epith. of Apollo (cf. Λύκειος), Pind., Eur.
1. Lycian.
1. Lemnos, an island in the Aegaean sea, sacred to Hephaestus, Hom., etc.:—from the volcanic nature of the island, the Λήμνιον πῦρ became proverbial, Soph.
1. a Magnesian, a dweller in Magnesia in Thessaly, Il., etc.; or Magnesia in Lydia, Hdt., etc.: fem. Μάγνηςςα, Theocr.:—adj. Μαγνητικός, ή, όν Magnesian, Aesch.; fem. Μαγνῆτις, ιδος, Pind.
2. Μαγνῆτις λίθος, the magnet, Plat.
1. Miletus, a Greek city in Caria, Il.
1. Minos, son of Zeus and Europa, king of Crete, Hom., Hes., etc.:—gen. Μίνωος Od.; acc. Μίνωα Hom.;—also gen. Μίνω Hdt.; acc. Μίνων Il., or Μίνω Hdt., etc.; dat. Μίνῳ Plat.
1. Maeander, a river of Caria, Il., Hdt.
2. metaph. a winding pattern, Strab.
1. Machaon, son of Aesculapius, the first surgeon that we hear of, Il.
1. the sparkler, i. e. the dog-star, Anth.
1. pr. n. withstanding-men, Hom.: attic Μενέλεως, gen. εω, Trag.; doric dat. Μενέλᾳ, Pind., acc. Μενέλαν Eur.
1. pr. n., abider, Il.
1. fem. prop. n., adorned-with-prudence, from mh/desi (dat. pl. of μῆδος) and κέκαςμαι, Il.
1. Minyan, Il.; epic also Μινυήϊος, Hom.
1. the Muse, in pl. the Muses, goddesses of song, music, poetry, dancing, the drama, and all fine arts, Hom.: the names of the nine were Clio, Euterpe, Thalia, Melpomene, Terpsichore, Erato, Polymnia or Polyhymnia, Urania, and Calliope, Hes.,
2. μοῦςα, as appellat., music, song, Pind., Trag.:—also eloquence, Eur.:—in pl. arts, accomplishments, Ar., Plat.
1. Mycene, Mycenae, an ancient Pelasgic or Achaean city, superseded by the Dorian Argos, Hom., etc.
1. from Mycene, Il.
1. Mycenaean, Hom., etc.: fem. Μυκηνίς, ίδος, Eur.
1. the Myrmidons, a warlike people of Thessaly, subjects of Achilles, Hom.
1. a Mysian, Aesch.:—from their effeminate character, Μυςῶν λεία came to mean a prey to all, of anything that can be plundered with impunity, Dem.
1. a Naiad, a river nymph, (as Νηρηίς is a sea-nymph), mostly in pl. Ναϊάδες, ionic Νηϊάδες, Od., Eur.:—so also ionic Νηίς, ίδος, in sg., Il., Eur.
1. surname of Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, new-warrior, because he came late to Troy, Soph., Eur.
1. father of Nestor, Hom.:—epic adj. Νηλήιος, Il., etc.:—Patr., Νηλείδης, ου, ὁ, and Νηληιάδης, εω, or α_ο, Hom.
1. a daughter of Nereus, a Nereid or Nymph of the sea, mostly in pl., Νηρηίδες, Hom.; Νηρεί̈δες Hes.; attic Νηρῇδες Soph., Eur.
1. name of several hills sacred to Bacchus, Hhymn., etc.;—adj. Νύςιος, η, ον, id=Hhymn.; Νυςήιος, Ar.
1. of Oedipus, Plut.
1. name of a city in Thessaly, Il.
1. from Oechalia, Il.
1. an Oechalian, Il.
1. the heavenly ones, the gods above, Lat. coelites, with or without θεοί, Il.;—also the Titans, as descendants of Uranus, id=Il.:—fem., θεαὶ Οὐρανιῶναι Anth.
1. Patroclus the friend of Achilles
1. Pelops, i. e. dark-face, son of Tantalus, who migrated from Lydia, and gave his name to Peloponnesus, Il.
1. Pergamus, the citadel of Troy, Il.; τὸ Πριάμου Πέργαμον Hdt.; τὰ Πέργαμα Soph., Eur., etc.: —then, any citadel, Aesch., Eur.
2. also Περγαμία, Pind.
1. Pelion, a mountain in Thessaly, Hom., Hes., Pind., etc.
1. the Paeonians, a people of Macedonia, Il.; Παίων ςτρατός Eur.:— Παιονία, ἡ, their land, Il.:—adj. Παιονικός, ή, όν Paeonian, Thuc.; pecul. fem. Παιονίς, ίδος, Hdt.
1. Paean or Paeon, the physician of the gods, Il.; Παιήονος γενέθλη the sons of Paeon, i. e. physicians, Od.
2. after Hom., the name and office were transferred to Apollo, who was invoked by the cry ἰήιε Παιάν Aesch., Soph.; ἰὼ Παιάν Soph.
3. as appellat. a physician, healer, Aesch., Soph.: then, a saviour, deliverer, Eur.
4. παιάν, epic παιήων, a paean, i. e. a choral song, a hymn or chant, addressed to Apollo, Il., Aesch., Soph.
5. a song of triumph after victory, properly to Apollo, Il., Aesch.; also a war-song, Aesch., Xen.:—the phrase was, ἐξάρχειν τὸν παιᾶνα Xen.; π. ἐξάρχεςθαι, ποιεῖςθαι id=Xen.
6. any solemn song or chant, esp. on beginning an undertaking, in omen of success, Thuc.; a song sung at a feast, Xen.
7. Aesch., by an oxymoron, joins π. Ἐρινύων, π. τοῦ θανόντος; so, π. ςτυγνός, of a dirge, Eur.
8. Κρητῶν παιήονες paean-singers, Hhymn.
9. in Prosody, a paeon, a foot consisting of three short and 1 long syll., in any order, Arist.
1. Pallas, in Hom. always Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη or Παλλὰς Ἀθηναίη.
1. all the Hellenes, Il., Hes., Eur.
1. all the Achaians, Hom.
1. a Paphlagonian, Il.:—adj. Παφλαγονικός, ή, όν, Xen.
1. Thessalian, but later for Argive, Eur.:—so Πελάςγιος, η, ον, Aesch., Eur.
1. a Pelasgian; in Il., the Pelasgians appear among the allies of the Trojans; in Od. we hear of them in Crete; but in Il., Achilles prays to Dodonaean Zeus as Pelasgian, and τὸ Πελαςγικὸν Ἄργος was Thessalian Argos, the original seat of the Hellenes; Hdt. contrasts them with the Hellenes; but Πελαςγοί is used for Greeks in Eur., as in Virg.
1. Perseus, son of Zeus and Danae, Il., Hes., etc.:—adj. Περςεῖος, α, ον, Eur.; epic Περςήιος, Theocr.:—Patron. Περςείδης, ου, epic -ηιάδης, Il.
1. Peleus, son of Aecus, husband of Thetis, father of Achilles, prince of the Myrmidons in Thessaly, Hom.:—adj. Πήλειος, α, ον, epic Πηλήιος, η, ον, of Peleus, Il.—Patron. Πηλείδης, ου, epic εω and αο, son of Peleus, id=Il.; epic also Πηληιάδης, id=Il.; aeolic Πηλεί̈δας, Pind.:—also Πηλείων, ωνος, ὁ, Il.
1. Pelian, of or from Mount Pelion, Anth.:—fem. Πηλιάς, άδος, Il.
1. Pieria, a district in the North of Thessaly, Hom.:
1. Plataea or Plataeae in Boeotia, Hdt., etc.
1. the Pleiads, seven daughters of Atlas, placed by Zeus among the stars, Hom., Hes.; only six are distinctly visible, whence the myth of the "lost Pleiad, " Ovid.
1. Pollux, one of the Dioscuri, son of Leda, brother of Castor, Hom.
1. the sixth month of the Athen. year, = latter half of December and former of January.
1. Poseidon, Lat. Neptunus, son of Cronos and Rhea, brother of Zeus, god of the sea, husband of Amphitrite, Hom., etc.
1. sacred to Poseidon, Il.
2. Ποςι^δήιον, ου, τό, ionic for Ποςίδειον, the temple of Poseidon, Od.
1. πράμνειος οἶνος, ὁ, Pramnian wine, Hom.; also Πράμνιος, Ar.:—so named from Pramne, prob. a hill in the island of Icaria.
1. Priam, Il., etc.; prob. a chief, king,
1. Patronymic, son of Priam Il.
1. Protesilaus, first-of-the-people, name of the hero who first leaped ashore at Troy, Il.
1. at Pytho or Delphi, Pind., Xen., etc.
2. to Pytho or Delphi, Plut.
1. from Pytho, Pind.
1. sprung from Pylos, Il.
1. to or towards Pylos, Hom.
1. Pylos, a town and district of Triphylia in Peloponnesus, where Nestor ruled, Hom. Two towns of the same name, in Elis and Messenia, are often confounded with Triphylian Pylos.
1. Samos, the name of several Greek islands:
2. an old name for Κεφαλληνία, Hom.
3. Σάμος Θρηικίη, ͂ Σαμοθρᾴκη, Il.
4. Samos, the large island over against Ephesus, Hhymn., etc.: hence adj. Σάμιος, η, ον, Hdt.
1. the Sintians, early inhabitants of Lemnos, who were pirates, Hom.
1. a king of Corinth, noted as the craftiest of men, punished in the shades below, Hom., etc.
1. Salamis, an island opposite Athens, Il., etc.
2. a town of Cyprus founded by Teucer of Salamis, Hhymn., Hdt.
1. Σαρπεδον.
1. the Selli, guardians of the oracle of Zeus at Dodona, bound to live a rough, austere life, Il., Soph.,
1. Sestos, a town on the European side of the Hellespont, over against Abydos, Il.
1. from Sidon, Il.
1. men of Sidon, Il.; also Σιδόνιοι Od.
1. Sicyon, Il.; also Xen.;—as adj., γῆ Σ. Anth.:—regul. adj. Σι^κυώνιος, η, ον Sicyonian, Thuc.
1. the river Simois, Il.; contr. Σι^μοῦς, οῦντος, Hes.; adj. Σιμοέντιος, contr. Σιμούντιος, α, ον, or ος, ον, Eur.; poet. fem. Σιμοεντίς, ίδος, id=Eur.; also Σιμοείςιος, ον, Strab.
1. the Scamander, the famous river of Troy, ὃν Ξάνθον καλέουςι θεοί, ἄνδρες δὲ Σκάμανδρον Il.
1. Scamandrian, id=Il., Soph., etc.
1. the isle of Scyros, one of the Sporades, not far from Euboea, Hom.:—adj. Σκύριος, a Scyrian, Hdt.:—adv., Σκυ_ρόθεν from Scyros, Il.
1. name of Apollo (from *smi/nqos or Σμίνθη a town in Troas), the Sminthian, Il.
1. Sparta, Hom., etc.
1. the Spercheius, i. e. rapid (from spe/rxw), a river of Thessaly, Il.
1. Stentor, a Greek at Troy, famous for his loud voice, Il.
1. a city and mountain of Arcadia, Il.:—adj. Στυμφάλιος, η, ον, ionic -ήλιος, η, ον, Hdt., etc.; fem. Στυμφα_λίς, ίδος, Strab.
1. the Styx, i. e. the hateful, a river of the nether world, by which the gods in Homer swore their most sacred oaths, Il.
1. Tartarus, a dark abyss, as deep below Hades as earth below heaven, the prison of the Titans, Il., Hes., etc.:—later, the nether world, like Ἅιδης, Hes., Aesch.
1. Tegea in Arcadia, Il., Pind., etc.
1. Tethys, wife of Oceanus, Il.; daughter of Uranus and Gaia, mother of the river-gods and Oceanides, Hes.
2. in Virgil, Tethys is the sea itself.
1. Tithonus, brother of Priam, husband of Eos (Aurora), and father of Memnon, Hom.:—metaph. of a decrepit old man, because Aurora begged Zeus to grant immortality to Tithonus, but forgot to ask for eternal youth, Ar.; ὑπὲρ τὸν Τιθωνὸν ζῆν Luc.
1. the Titans, a race of gods placed beneath Tartarus, Il. (where two are named—Iapetus and Cronus), acc. to Hes., six sons and six daughters of Uranus and Gaia; hurled from Olympus into nether darkness, Hes.: other names are given by later Poets, as Atlas, Aesch.; Prometheus, Soph.; Θέμις Aesch.; and in Lat. Poets Titan is the Sun-god.
1. Mt. Tmolus in Lydia, Il., etc.
1. Trachis, in Thessaly, named from the ruggedness (τραχύτης) of the district, Il., etc.:—adj. Τρα_χί_νιος, η, ον, ionic Τρηχ-, Hdt., etc.; also ος, ον, Theocr.:— οἱ Τραχίνιοι the people of Trachis, Hdt., etc.:— ἡ Τραχινία the country, id=Hdt., Soph., etc.; also called Τραχίς, Thuc.
1. Trito-born, a name of Athena, Hom., Hes., Hhymn., Orac. ap. Hdt.
1. Troy, whether of the city, "Troytown, " Hom., etc.; or the country, the Troad, Il.:— also Τροί̈α, as trisyll., Soph.; doric Τρωία, Pind., Aesch.; contr. Τρῴα, Pind.
1. from Troy, Od.; ἀπὸ Τροίηθε Il.; doric Τρωία_θεν Pind.
1. to Troy, Il., etc.; doric Τρῴανδε Pind.
1. Troezen in Argolis, Il., Hdt., etc.
1. Trojan, Il., Soph., etc.; τὰ Τρωικά the times of Troy, Hdt.
1. of Tros, Il.
2. Trojan, id=Il.
1. Tros, the mythic founder of Troy, Il.
2. pl. Τρῶες, Τρώων, οἱ, Trojans, Hom., etc.
1. Trojan, Od.; Τρωιάδες γυναῖκες, or alone, Τρωιάδες Il.
2. γῆ Τρῳάς the Troad, Soph.; so ἡ Τρωάς Hdt.
1. the hero Tydeus, one of the Seven against Thebes, Hom.
1. Typhoeus or Typhos, a giant buried by Zeus in Cilicia, Il., Pind.
1. nickname for a thin or delicate woman, starveling, Ar.
1. a Phoenician, Hom.
2. fem., Φοίνιςςα γυνή Od., Eur.; χθών, νῆςος Eur.
1. Phrygian, of, from Phrygia, Eur.
2. Φρ. νόμοι, μέλη Phrygian music, i. e. music played on the flute, wilder than the music for the lyre, id=Eur. Hence
1. a Phrygian, Il.:—as the name of a slave, Ar.: cf. Davus, Geta.
1. a Phocian, Il. (in epic gen. pl. Φωκήων), nom. pl. Φωκέες Hdt., Φωκεῖς Thuc., Φωκῆς Soph., gen. Φωκέων Aesch.
1. Phorcys, a sea-god, father of the Graiae and Gorgons, Hes.: gen. also Φόρκυ_νος (as if from *fo/rkun), Od.
1. Chalcis in Euboea, said to have its name from neighbouring copper-mines, Il., Hes.:—the people were Χαλκιδεῖς, ionic -έες, acc. -έας, Hdt., Ar.
1. Cheiron, one of the Centaurs, a famous chirurgeon (cf. χειρουργός II), teacher of Achilles, Il.
1. daughter of Chryses, Il.
1. destitute even of goats, hence steep, sheer, πέτρη Il.
1. Aegis-bearing, of Zeus, Hom.
1. the aegis or shield of Zeus, described in Il. 5. 738 sqq. the aegis on statues of Athena is a short cloak of goat-skin, covered with scales, set with the Gorgon's head, and fringed with snakes, v. Hdt. 4. 189.
2. a goatskin coat, Eur.
3. （αἴξ II) a rushing storm, hurricane, Aesch.
1. a hunting-spear, javelin, Hom., Anth.
1. the sea-shore, beach, strand, Hom., Hdt.; αἰγιαλὸν ἔνδον τρέφει, i. e. he has a whole sea-beach (i. e. quantities of voting-pebbles, ψῆφοι) in his house, Ar.
1. dazzling, radiant, lustrous, Hom.
1. a vulture, Hom., etc.:— αἰγυπιός is the vulture which preys on live animals, γύψ the carrion vulture.
1. to be ashamed to do a thing, c. inf., Hom., etc.; rarely c. part., αἴδεςαι μὲν πατέρα προλείπων feel ashamed of deserting him, Soph.:—absol., αἰδεςθείς from a sense of shame, Il.
2. c. acc. pers. to stand in awe of, fear, respect, αἰδεῖο θεούς id=Il., Hom., etc.; and of things, αἴδεςςαι μέλαθρον respect the house, Il.; ὅρκον αἰδεςθείς Soph.
3. to feel regard for a person, μήδε τί μ̆ αἰδόμενος μήδ̆ ἐλεαίρων Od.
1. mostly in pl. αἰδοῖα, τά, the genitals, pudenda, Il., etc.
1. of persons, regarded with reverence, august, venerable, and of women, deserving respect, tender, Hom.
2. act. shamefaced, reverent, Od.:—adv. -ws, reverently, id=Od.
3. comp. αἰδοιότερος, Od.; Sup. αἰδοιέςτατος, Pind.
1. a sense of shame, shame, modesty, self-respect, Hom., etc.:—personif., Ζηνὶ ςύνθακος θρόνων Αἰδώς Shame that shares his throne with Zeus, Soph.
2. regard for others, respect, reverence, Theogn.; τὴν ἐμὴν αἰδῶ respect for me, Aesch.
3. that which causes shame, and so,
4. a shame, Il.; as an exclam., shame! αἰδώς, Ἀργεῖοι, κακ̆ ἐλέγχεα! id=Il.; αἰδώς, ὦ Λύκιοι: ποῖ φεύγετε; id=Il.
5. = ta\ ai)doi=a, id=Il.
1. strong, lusty, vigorous, Hom.
1. ether, the brighter purer air, the sky, above the ἀήρ (q. v.); Ζεὺς αἰθέρι ναίων Il.
2. a clime, region, Eur.
1. smoky, sooty, Il., Theocr.; κόνις αἰθ. black ashes that are burnt out, Hom.
2. burning, Hes., Aesch.
1. epith. of Boreas, born in ether, sprung from ether, Il.
1. This is a Poet. and ionic Verb, while ἐπαινέω is used in attic Prose
2. properly, to tell or speak of (cf. αἶνος), Aesch.
3. commonly, to speak in praise of, praise, Lat. laudo, c. acc., Hom., Hdt.
4. to allow, recommend, Od.: c. inf. to recommend to do a thing, Aesch.; also c. part., αἰνεῖν ἰόντα to commend one's going, id=Aesch.
5. like ἀγαπάω, to be content, acquiesce, Eur.:—c. acc. rei, to be content with, acquiesce in, γάμον Pind., etc.; θῆςςαν τράπεζαν Eur.
6. to decline courteously, Hes.
7. to promise or vow, τί τινι or τινὶ ποιεῖν τι Soph., Eur.
1. a riddle, δῐ αἰνιγμῶν ἐρεῖν Ar.; ἐν αἰνιγμοῖςι ςημαίνειν Eur.
1. terribly brave, Il.
1. adv. only in phrase αἰνόθεν αἰνῶς, from horror to horror, right horribly, Il.
1. doomed to a sad end, Hom.
1. dread, dire, grim, terrible, Hom.; αἰνότατε Κρονίδη most dread son of Cronus, Il.
2. adv. -nw=s, terribly, i. e. strangely, exceedingly, Hom., Hdt.; also αἰνά as adv., Il.; Sup. -ότατον, id=Il.
1. with glancing breastplate, Il.
1. with glancing or glittering girdle (for it was plated with metal), Il.
2. with variegated turban, Theocr.
1. with quick-moving steeds, Il., Theocr.
1. high, lofty, Hom.
2. metaph.,
3. precipitate, hasty, Pind.
4. hard to win, difficult, Pind., Eur.
1. high, lofty, Hom.
2. metaph.,
3. precipitate, hasty, Pind.
4. hard to win, difficult, Pind., Eur.
1. a herd of goats, Il., etc.
2. a goat-pasture, Anth.
1. a goatherd, Od., etc.
1. high, lofty, of cities, Il.; αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα streams falling sheer down, Il.
1. high and steep, lofty, of cities on heights, as Troy, Od.; of hills, Il.; βρόχος αἰπ. a noose hanging straight down, Od.
2. metaph. sheer, utter, αἰπὺς ὄλεθρος Hom. (death being regarded as the plunge over a precipice); so, φόνος αἰπύς Od.; also αἰπὺς χόλος towering wrath, Il.
3. arduous, difficult, id=Il.
1. a prince, Il.
1. causing shame, abusive, ἔπεα Il.; so in adv., αἰςχρῶς ἐνένιςπε id=Il.
2. opp. to καλός:
3. of outward appearance, ugly, ill-favoured, of Thersites, id=Il.
4. in moral sense, shameful, disgraceful, base, infamous, Hdt., etc.; αἰςχρόν [ἐςτι], c. inf., Il.: —τὸ αἰςχρόν, as Subst., dishonour, disgrace, Soph., etc.; τὸ καλὸν καὶ τὸ αἰςχρόν, Lat. honestum et turpe, virtue and vice, Arist.:—adv. shamefully, Sup. αἴςχιςτα, Trag.
5. awkward, Xen.
6. instead of the regul. comp. and Sup. αἰςχρότερος, -ότατος, the forms αἰςχίων [ι_], αἴςχιςτος (formed from ai)=sxos) are used.
1. to make ugly, disfigure, mar, πρόςωπον, κόμην Il.
2. in moral sense, to dishonour, tarnish, γένος πατέρων id=Il., etc.
3. to dishonour a woman, Aesch., etc.
4. Pass. to be dishonoured, νέκυς ᾐςχυμμένος, of Patroclus, Il.
5. to be ashamed, feel shame, absol., Od., Hdt., etc.
6. to be ashamed at a thing, c. acc. rei, Od., etc.; also c. dat. rei, Ar., etc.; and with Preps., αἰςχ. ἐπί τινι Xen.; ἔν τινι Thuc.; ὑπέρ τινος Dem.:—c. part to be ashamed at doing a thing, Aesch., Soph., etc.:—but c. inf. to be ashamed to do a thing, Hdt., etc.
7. c. acc. pers. to feel shame before one, Eur., etc.
1. to ask, beg, Od., etc.
2. c. acc. rei, to ask for, crave, demand, Hom., etc.; ὁδὸν αἰτ. to beg one's departure, i. e. ask leave to depart, Od.:—c. acc. pers. et rei, to ask a person for a thing, Hom., etc.; δίκας αἰτ. τινὰ φόνου to demand satisfaction from one for murder, Hdt.
3. c. acc. pers. et inf. to ask one to do, Od., etc.
4. Mid. to ask for oneself, to claim, Aesch., etc.:—but often used just like Act.
5. Pass.:
6. of persons, to have a thing begged of one, Hdt., Thuc.
7. of things, to be asked, τὸ αἰτεόμενον Hdt., etc.
1. to charge, accuse, censure, blame, c. acc. pers., τάχα κεν καὶ ἀναίτιον αἰτιόωιτο Il.; αἰτ. τινά τινος to accuse of a thing, Hdt., etc.;—c. inf., αἰτ. τινα ποιεῖν τι to accuse one of doing, id=Hdt.:—in this signf., certain tenses are used in pass. sense, to be accused, aor1 ἠιτιάθην Thuc., Xen.; perf. ἠιτίαμαι Thuc.
2. c. acc. rei, to lay to one's charge, impute, τοῦτο αἰτ. Xen.; ταῦτα Dem.; c. dupl. acc., τί ταῦτα τοὺς Λάκωνας αἰτιώμεθα; Ar.
3. to allege as the cause, αἰτ. τινα αἴτιον Plat.; φωνάς τε καὶ ἄλλα μυρία αἰτ. id=Plat.; τῆς ἱερᾶς χώρας ἠιτιᾶτο εἶναι he alleged that it was part of the sacred territory, Dem.
1. to throw the spear, Il.; ἔνδον αἰχμάζειν to play the warrior at home, Aesch.
2. to arm with the spear, ἤιχμαςας χέρα Soph.
1. the point of a spear, Lat. cuspis, Il., etc.
2. a spear, id=Il., etc.; τοξουλκὸς αἰχμή, of an arrow, Aesch.
3. a body of spearmen, Pind., Eur.; cf. ἀςπίς.
4. war, battle, κακῶς ἡ αἰχμὴ ἐςτήκεε the war went ill, Hdt.
5. warlike spirit, mettle, Pind.; so, in Aesch., γυναικὸς or γυναικεία αἰχμά seems to be a woman's spirit.
6. a sceptre, id=Aesch.
1. a spearman, Hom.
2. In Pind. as adj.,
3. pointed, κεραυνός.
4. warlike, θυμός.
1. quick, speedy, in haste, Hom.
1. quick-moving, Il.; αἰόλαι εὐλαί wriggling worms, id=Il.; so of wasps and serpents, id=Il.
2. changeful of hue, gleaming, glancing, of arms and armour, id=Il.; (but here also it may be explained moving with the body, manageable, Lat. habilis);— also, αἰόλα νύξ star-spangled night, Soph.; Aesch. calls smoke flushed by fire-light αἰόλη πυρὸς κάςις; αἰόλα ςάρξ discoloured from disease, Soph.
3. metaph.,
4. changeful, shifting, varied, κάκα Aesch.; of sounds, ἰαχή Eur.
5. shifty, wily, slippery, ψεῦδος Pind.
6. as prop. n., proparox. Αἴολος, ου, ὁ, lord of the winds, properly the rapid or the changeable, Od.
1. a period of existence:
2. one's life-time, life, Hom. and attic Poets.
3. an age, generation, Aesch.; ὁ μέλλων αἰών posterity, Dem.
4. a long space of time, an age, ἀπ̆ αἰῶνος of old, for ages, Hes., NTest.; τὸν δῐ αἰῶνος χρόνον for ever, Aesch.; ἅπαντα τὸν αἰ. Lycurg.
5. a definite space of time, an era, epoch, age, period, ὁ αἰὼν οὗτος this present world, opp. to ὁ μέλλων, NTest.:—hence its usage in pl., εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας for ever, id=NTest.
1. contr. αἱματοῦς, οῦςςα, οῦν, ͂ αἱματηρός Il.
2. blood-red or of blood, id=Il.
3. bloody, murderous, id=Il.
1. Act. to take with the hand, grasp, αἱρ. τι ἐν χερςίν, μετὰ χερςίν to take a thing in hand, Od.; αἱρ. χερςὶ δόρυ Il.; αἱρ, τινὰ χειρός to take one by the hand, id=Il.:—part. ἑλών is sometimes used as adv., by force, Soph.
2. to take away, Hom.
3. to take by force, to take a city, Il., etc.; to overpower, kill, Hom., etc.:—often of passions, etc., to seize, id=Hom., etc.:—to conquer (in a race), Il.
4. to take, catch, as in hunting, in good sense, to win over, Xen., etc.:—c. part. to catch or detect one doing a thing, Soph.
5. to win, gain, κῦδος Il.; of the public games, Simon., etc.
6. as attic law-term, to convict a person of a thing, τινά τινος Ar., etc.: also c. part., αἱρεῖν τινὰ κλέπτοντα to convict of theft, id=Ar.; ἡιρῆςθαι κλοπεύς (sc. ὤν) Soph.; τοῦτ̆ ἔςτιν ὃ ἐμὲ αἱρήςει Plat.
7. ὁ λόγος αἱρέει, Lat. ratio evincit, reason proves, Hdt.
8. Mid. to take for oneself, Hom., etc.; αἱρ. δόρπον, δεῖπνον to take one's supper, id=Hom.:—so in most senses of Act.
9. to choose, id=Hom.: to take in preference, prefer one thing to another, τι πρό τινος Hdt.; τι ἀντί τινος Xen.; also, τί τινος Soph.; τι μᾶλλον ἢ . . , or μᾶλλόν τινος attic:—c. inf. to prefer to do, Hdt., etc.
10. αἱρεῖςθαι τά τινος or τινά to take another's part, join his party, id=Hdt., etc.
11. to choose by vote, elect to an office, Plat., etc.
12. Pass. to be taken, Hdt.; but ἁλίςκομαι is used in attic for Pass.
13. as Pass. to the mid. sense, to be chosen, in perf. ᾕρημαι (which is also mid.), Hdt., attic
1. Exclam. of astonishment, ha! αἲ τάλας Ar.
1. of a goat or goats, Lat. caprinus, αἴγειος τυρός goats-milk cheese, Il.; ἀςκῶι ἐν αἰγείωι in a goat's skin, id=Il.; αἰγείη κυνέη a helmet of goatskin.
1. the poplar (cf. λεύκη), Od.
1. the light of the sun, radiance, Od.:—then simply daylight, λευκὴ αἴγλη id=Od.; εἰς αἴγλαν μολεῖν, i. e. to be born, Pind
2. any dazzling light, lustre, gleam, χαλκοῦ Il.
1. in Il. Vulcan is πέλωρ αἴητον, ͂ ἄητον, terrible, mighty monster.
1. in the Homeric house, the corridor, open in front like a verandah, looking E. or S. to catch the sun, whence the name; the sleeping place of travellers, Od.
1. not αἴθρα even in attic; clear sky, fair weather, Lat. sudum, Hom.
1. to light up, kindle, Hdt., Trag.
2. intr. to burn or blaze, Soph.:—in this sense the Pass. αἴθομαι is used by Hom. in part., πυρὸς μένος αἰθομένοιο Il., Od., etc.; so metaph., ἔρωτι αἴθεςθαι Xen.
1. fiery, burning, blazing: of metal, flashing, glittering, Hom., etc.
2. in Hom. of the horse, lion, bull, eagle, —where it is either fiery, fierce, or tawny.
3. metaph. ablaze, fiery, Aesch., Soph.
1. to take, take off, take hold of, Hom.; c. gen. partit., τυρῶν αἰνυμένους taking of the cheeses, Od.
1. a goat, Lat. caper, capra, Hom.
2. αἲξ ἄγριος the wild goat, the ibex, id=Hom.
3. αἶγες, old name for waves.
1. Act.
2. to take up, raise, lift up, Il., etc.; αἴρειν βῆμα to step, walk, Eur.; αἴρ. ςημεῖον to hoist a signal, Xen.:—Pass. to mount up, ascend, id=Xen.
3. often of armies and ships, αἴρ. τὰς ναῦς to get the fleet under sail, Thuc.:—also intr. to get under way, start, set out, ἆραι τῶι ςτρατῶι id=Thuc.;—so in Mid. and Pass., Hdt., etc.
4. to bear, sustain, μόρον Aesch.; ἆθλον Soph.
5. to raise up, exalt, Aesch.:—of passion, to exalt, excite, ὑψοῦ αἴρειν θυμόν to grow excited, Soph.; αἴρειν θάρςος to pluck up courage, Eur., etc.: Pass., οὐκ ἤρθη νοῦν ἐς ἀταςθαλίην Simon.
6. to raise by words, to extol, exaggerate, Eur., Dem.
7. to lift and take away, to remove, Aesch., etc.:—to take off, kill, NTest.
8. Mid., with perf. pass. ἦρμαι, to take up for oneself: to carry off, win, gain, κλέος Il.; ἀέθλια (of horses) id=Il.; κῦδος Hom.:—hence simply to receive, get, ἕλκος ἀρέςθαι Il.; also, δειλίαν ἀρεῖ wilt incur a charge of cowardice, Soph.
9. to take upon oneself, undergo, carry, bear, Il., etc.
10. to undertake, begin, πόλεμον Thuc., etc.; φυγὴν ἀρέςθαι, Lat. fugam capere, Aesch.
11. to raise up, ςωτῆρά τινι Soph.: of sound, αἴρεςθαι φωνήν to raise, lift up one's voice, Ar.
1. Lat. fatalis, appointed by the will of the gods, destined, αἴςιμον ἦμαρ the fatal day, day of death, Il., etc.; αἴςιμόν ἐςτι it is fated, id=Il.
2. agreeable to fate, meet, right, αἴςιμα εἰπεῖν, αἴςιμα εἰδώς Od.
1. boding well, auspicious, Il., etc.:—adv. -i/ws, Eur.
1. unseemly, evil, Il.
1. to blame, blameworthy, culpable, Il., etc.: comp., αἰτιώτερος more culpable, Thuc.; Sup., τοὺς αἰτιωτάτους the most guilty, Hdt.; τινος for a thing, id=Hdt.
2. as Subst., αἴτιος, ὁ, the accused, culprit, Lat. reus, Aesch., etc.; οἱ αἴτιοι τοῦ πατρός they who have sinned against my father, id=Aesch.:—c. gen. rei, οἱ αἴτ. τοῦ φόνου those guilty of murder, id=Aesch.
3. being the cause, responsible for, c. gen. rei, Hdt., etc.; c. inf., Soph.: Sup., αἰτιώτατος ναυμαχῆςαι mainly instrumental in causing the seafight, Thuc.
4. αἴτιον, τό, a cause, Plat., etc.
1. skilful in a thing, c. gen., αἵμονα θήρης Il.
2. （αἷμα) bloody, Aesch., Eur.
1. fiery-looking, of metal, flashing, Il., etc.; of wine, sparkling, id=Il.; of smoke, mixed with flame, Od.
2. swart, dark, Anth.
3. metaph. fiery, keen, eager, Lat. ardens, Hes., Soph.
1. = mu=qos, a tale, story, Od.; αἰνεῖν αἶνον to tell a tale, Aesch., Soph.: generally, a saying, proverb, Theocr.
2. = attic ἔπαινος, praise, Hom., Trag.
1. shame, disgrace, Hom., etc.:—in pl. shameful deeds, Od.
2. ugliness or deformity, of mind or body, Plat., Xen.
1. quick, with speed, on a sudden, Hom.
1. blood, Hom., etc.; in pl. streams of blood, Trag.
2. bloodshed, murder, Aesch., etc.: —ἐφ̆ αἵματι φεύγειν to avoid trial for murder by going into exile, Dem.; so, αἷμα φεύγειν Eur.
3. like Lat. sanguis, blood-relationship, kin, Soph., Hom., etc.; ὁ πρὸς αἵματος one of the blood or race, Soph.; μητρὸς τῆς ἐμῆς ἐν αἵματι akin to her by blood, Aesch.
1. epith. of the Trojans in Il., either
2. （α copul. , ἰαχή) loud-shouting, noisy, or,
3. (from α privat. ) noiseless, silent.
1. to view in the clearest light, see distinctly, discern, Soph.; so in Mid., Il., Hes.
2. of the sun, to beam upon, illumine, τινά Eur.
1. the light of the sun, sunlight, and in pl. his rays or beams, Hom.; ὑπ̆ αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο, i.e. still alive, Od.; so, αὐγὰς ἐςιδεῖν, λεύςςειν, βλέπειν Theogn., Aesch., Eur.; but, ὑπ̆ αὐγὰς λεύςςειν or ἰδεῖν τι to hold up to the light and look at, id=Eur.; κλύζειν πρὸς αὐγάς to rise surging towards the sun, Aesch.:—metaph., βίου δύντος αὐγαί "life's setting sun, " id=Aesch.:— αὐγή the dawn, day-break, NTest.
2. generally, any bright light, as of fire, Hom.; of lightning, Il.; of the eyes, Soph.; hence αὐγαί, like Lat. lumina, the eyes, Eur.
3. any gleam on the surface of bright objects, sheen, αὐγὴ χαλκείη Il.; αὐγὰ πέπλου Eur.
1. c. acc. rei,
2. to utter sounds, speak, Il., Eur.
3. c. acc. rei, to speak or say something, Il., Soph.: so as Dep., id=Soph.:—Pass., ηὐδᾶτο γὰρ ταῦτα so 'twas said, id=Soph.
4. of oracles, to utter, proclaim, tell of, id=Soph.; to speak out concerning a thing, Aesch.
5. c. acc. pers.,
6. to speak to, address, accost, Hom.: to invoke a god, Eur.
7. c. acc. et inf. to tell, bid, order one to do, Soph.; αὐδ. τινα μὴ ποιεῖν to forbid one to do, Aesch.; αὐδῶ ςιωπᾶν Soph.: so as Dep., id=Soph.
8. to call by name, call so and so, Eur.: Pass., αὐδῶμαι παῖς Ἀχιλλέως Soph.; κάκιςτ̆ αὐδώμενος most ill reported of, Aesch.
9. like λέγειν, to mean such an one, Eur.
1. the human voice, speech, opp. to ὀμφή (a divine voice), Il.
2. the sound or twang of the bowstring, Od.; of a trumpet, Eur.; of the τέττιξ, Hes.
3. = fh/mh, a report, account, Soph., Eur.
4. an oracle, id=Eur.
1. speaking with human voice, Od.; when θεὸς αὐδήεςςα is applied to Calypso and Circe, it means a goddess who used the speech of mortals, id=Od.
1. to draw back or backwards, Il.; to draw the bow, id=Il.: absol., in a sacrifice, to draw the victim's head back, so as to cut its throat, id=Il.
1. in Hom. the court-yard, surrounded with out-buildings, and having the altar of Ζεὺς Ἑρκεῖος in the middle, so that it was at once the meeting-place of the family, and the cattle-yard, Il.: it had two doors, viz. the house-door (cf. αὔλειος), and another leading through the αἴθουςα into the πρόδομος, Od.
2. the wall of the court-yard, Il.
3. after Hom., the αὐλή was the court or quadrangle, round which the house itself was built, having a corridor (περιςτύλιον), from which were doors leading into the men's apartments; opposite the house-door (cf. αὔλειος) was the μέςαυλος or μέταυλος (q.v.), leading into the women's part of the house, Hdt., attic
4. generally, any court or hall, Hom., Trag.
1. a flute or rather clarionet (for it was played by a mouthpiece, γλωςςίς, Aeschin.), Il., etc.; αὐλοὶ ἀνδρήϊοι and γυναικήϊοι, Lat. tibiae dextrae and sinistrae, bass and treble, Hdt.; sometimes one person played two αὐλοί at once, Theocr.; αὐλὸς Ἐνυαλίου, i. e. a trumpet, Anth.:— ὑπ̆ αὐλοῦ to the sound of the flute, Hdt.; so, πρὸς αὐλόν, ὑπὸ τὸν αὐλόν Xen.
2. any tube or pipe, as the socket of a spear-head, the groove into which the tongue of a buckle fitted, Hom.; the pipe of bellows, Thuc.:— αὐλὸς παχύς, in Od., seems to mean a jet of blood through the tube of the nostril.
1. of a helmet, with a tube in front, to hold the λόφος, Il.
1. forthwith, straightway, at once, Hom., etc.; which notion is strengthened in αὐτίκα νῦν, μάλ̆ αὐτίκα Od.; c. partic., αὐτίκ̆ ἰόντι immediately on his going, id=Od.; so, αὐτίκα γενόμενος as soon as born, Hdt.; αὐτίκα καὶ μετέπειτα now and hereafter, Od.; so, τὸ αὐτίκα and τὸ μέλλον, Thuc.:—with a Subst., τὴν αὐτίχ̆ ἡμέραν Soph.; ὁ αὐτίκα φόβος momentary fear, Thuc.
2. also in a slightly future sense, presently, Lat. mox, Soph., etc.
3. for example, to begin with, Ar., Plat., etc.; αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα Dem.
1. an own brother, Il., etc.
1. that very night, Il.
1. a stand-up fight, close fight, ἔν γ̆ αὐτοςταδίηι Il.
1. hand to hand, αὐτοςχεδίηι (sc. μάχηι) in close fight, in the fray, Il.: αὐτοςχεδίην as adv., = au)tosxedo/n, Hom.
2. off-hand, of an improvisatore, Hhymn.
1. near at hand, hand to hand, Lat. cominus, of close fight, Hom.
1. rudely cast, massive, of a lump of iron used as a quoit, Il.
1. properly gen. of αὐτός, at the very place, just here, just there, Lat. illico, Hom., Hdt., attic; with the place added, αὐτοῦ ἐνὶ Τροίηι Il.; αὐτοῦ τῶιδ̆ ἐνὶ χώρωι Od.; αὐτοῦ ταύτηι exactly here, Hdt., etc.
1. of Place, from the very spot, Lat. illinc, Hom., attic; αὐτ. ἐξ ἕδρης straight from his seat, without rising, Il.; αὐτ. ἐκ Σαλαμῖνος Hdt., etc.; αὐτόθεν from where thou standest, Soph.; αὐτ. βιοτεύειν to find a living from the place, Thuc.:— οἱ αὐτ. the natives, id=Thuc.
2. of Time, on the spot, at once, Lat. illico, Il., Hdt., attic
1. Adv. for αὐτοῦ, on the spot, Il., Hdt., attic
1. of persons, acting of one's own will, of oneself, Il., etc.
2. of things, self-moving, self-acting, spontaneous, of the gates of Olympus, the tripods of Hephaestus, Il.:—of plants, growing of themselves, Hdt.
3. without apparent cause, accidental, id=Hdt.; αὐτ. θάνατος a natural death, Dem.
4. αὐτόματον, ου, τό, mere chance, ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτομάτου or ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου, Lat. sponte, by chance, naturally, Hdt., Thuc.
5. adv. -tws = a)po\ tau)toma/tou, Hdt.
1. self, Lat. ipse:— in the oblique cases simply for the personal Pron., him, her, it:— with the Artic. ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό (or ταὐτόν), etc., the very one, the same.
2. self, myself, thyself, etc., acc. to the person of the Verb., Hom., etc.:
3. oneself, one's true self, the soul, not the body, Od.; or opp. to others, as king to subjects, parent to children, man to wife, etc., Hom.; hence absol. for the master, τίς οὗτος;—Αὐτός, i. e. Socrates, Ar.; similarly in neut. αὐτὸ δείξει the result will shew, Eur.
4. of oneself, of one's own accord, Lat. sponte, Hom., Soph.
5. by oneself, alone, αὐτός περ ἐών although alone, Il.; αὐτοί ἐςμεν we are by ourselves, i. e. among friends, Ar.
6. in Plat., τὸ δίκαιον αὐτό right in itself, the idea of right, etc.; cf. αὐτοάνθρωπος.
7. in dat. with Subst., together with, ἀνόρουςεν αὐτῆι ςὺν φόρμιγγι he sprang up lyre in hand, Il.; αὐτῆι ςὺν πήληκι helmet and all, id=Il.; and without ςύν, αὐτοῖς ἀνδράςι men and all, Hdt., etc.
8. added to ordinal Numbers, e. g. πέμπτος αὐτός himself the fifth, i.e. himself with four others, Thuc.
9. in connexion with the person. Pron., ἐγὼ αὐτός, ἐμέθεν αὐτῆς, ςὲ αὐτόν, etc., Hom.; in Hdt. and attic it coalesces with oblique cases of Pron., ἐμαυτοῦ, ςε-αυτοῦ, ἑ-αυτοῦ:— it is joined with these reflexive Pronouns to add force, αὐτὸς καθ̆ αὑτοῦ, αὐτοὶ ὑφ̆ αὑτῶν Aesch., etc.
10. gen. αὐτοῦ is used with the possessive Pron., πατρὸς κλέος ἠδ̆ ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ Il.
11. αὐτὸς ἑαυτοῦ is also used with comp. and Sup. adj. to express something unusual, αὐτὸς ἑωυτοῦ πολλῶι ὑποδεέςτερος Hdt.
12. he, she, it, for the simple Pron. of 3 person, only in oblique cases, and never at the beginning of a sentence, Hom., attic: cf. ἑαυτοῦ.
13. with Article ὁ αὐτός, ἡ αὐτή, τὸ αὐτό, and attic contr. αὑτός, αὑτή, ταὐτό and ταὐτόν, gen. ταὐτοῦ, dat. ταὐτῶι, pl. neut. ταὐτά: ionic ὡὐτός, τὠυτό:— the very one, the same, Lat. idem, Hom., Hdt., attic:—it freq. takes a dat., like ὅμοιος, to denote sameness, τὠυτὸ ἂν ὑμῖν ἐπρήςςομεν we should fare the same as you, Hdt.; also, ὁ αὐτὸς καί, cf. Lat. simul ac, id=Hdt.
14. αὐτο- in Compos.:
15. of itself, i. e. natural, native, not made, as in αὐτόκτιτος.
16. of mere . . , of nothing but . . , as in αὐτόξυλος.
17. of oneself, self-, as in αὐτοδίδακτος, αὐτόματος: and so independently, as in αὐτόνομος.
18. just, exactly, as in αὐτόδεκα.
19. with reflex. sense of αὑτοῦ and ἀλλήλων, as αὐθέντης, αὐτοκτονέω.
20. together with, as in αὐτόπρεμνος, αὐτόρριζος.
1. epic gen. and dat. sg. and pl. of αὐτός Hom.; ἀπ. αὐτόφιν, παρ̆ αὐτόφιν or -φι, from the very spot, Il.; ἐπ̆ αὐτόφιν on the spot, id=Il.
1. = au)qhmero/n, on the self-same day, Il.
1. the neck, throat, of men and beasts, Hom., etc.
2. metaph. any narrow passage, a neck of land, isthmus, Hdt., Xen.
3. a narrow sea, strait, Hdt., Aesch.; of the point at which the Danube spreads into several branches, Hdt.
4. a narrow mountain-pass, defile, id=Hdt.
1. to-morrow, Lat. cras, Hom., etc.; ἐς αὔριον on the morrow or till morning, id=Hom.
2. as Subst., the morrow, Il.; in attic, ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα) the morrow, Eur.; ἡ αὔρ. ἡμέρα Xen.; ἡ ἐς αὔρ. ἡμέρα Soph.; ὁ αὔριον χρόνος Eur.
1. in this very manner, even so, just so, as it is, γυμνὸν ἐόντα, αὔτως—ὥςτε γυναῖκα, unarmed just as I am— like a woman, Il.
2. in a contemptuous sense, just so, no better, τί ςὺ κήδεαι αὔτως ἀνδρῶν; why take you no better care? id=Il.; νήπιος αὔτως a mere child, id=Il.; αὔτως ἄχθος ἀρούρης Od.
3. in reference to the past, still so, just as before, as it was, Hom.; λευκὸν ἔτ̆ αὔτως still white as when new, Il.
4. in vain, without effect, οὐκ αὔτως μυθήςομαι Od.
1. to shout out, shout, call aloud, Hom.; αὖε δ̆ Ἀθήνη, μακρὸν ἄϋςε, etc., id=Hom.: —also in Trag.; c. acc. cogn. to utter, ςτεναγμόν, αὐδάν Eur.
2. c. acc. pers. to call upon, Hom.
3. rarely of things, to ring, ἀςπὶς ἄϋςεν Il.; cf. αὖος.
1. on the spot, here, there, Hom.; αὖθι ἔχειν to keep him there, as he is, Od.
2. of Time, forthwith, straightway, Il.
1. a lengthd. form of αὖ:
2. of place back, back again, Il.; ἂψ αὖτις id=Il.; this sense rare in attic
3. of Time, again, afresh, anew, Hom., attic; strengthd., ὕςτερον αὖτις, ἔτ̆ αὖτις, πάλιν αὖτις Il., etc.; βοᾶν αὖθις to cry encore! Xen.
4. of future Time, again, hereafter, Il., Aesch.
5. of Sequence, moreover, in turn, on the other hand, id=Aesch., Soph.
1. a place for passing the night in, a tent, roosting-place, Hom., Eur.
1. dry, of timber, Od.: dried, of fruit, Hdt.: withered, of leaves, Ar.:—neut. as adv., αὖον ἀϋτεῖν or αὔειν to ring dry and harsh, of metal, Il.
2. dried up, exhausted, Theocr.
1. again, Il.
2. to mark Sequence, again, furthermore, next, id=Il., Soph.
3. on the other hand, on the contrary, following μέν like δέ, Hom., attic Poets.
1. step by step, Lat. pedetentim, Il.; in marching step, Hdt.; β. ταχύ at quick step, Xen.
2. gradually, more and more, Ar.
3. walking, marching, opp. to riding, driving, sailing, Aesch.
1. to speak, say, Hom.; βάζειν τί τινα to say somewhat to a man, Il.; also, τί τινί Aesch.; c. dat. modi, χαλεποῖς βάζειν ἐπέεςςι to address with sharp words, Hes.:—Pass., ἔπος βέβακται a word has been spoken, Od.
1. Act. to throw:
2. with acc. of person or thing aimed at, to throw so as to hit, to hit one with a missile, opp. to striking (τύπτω, οὐτάω), βλήμενος ἠὲ τυπείς Il.; c. dupl. acc. pers. et partis, μιν βάλε μηρὸν ὀϊςτῶι id=Il.: c. acc. cogn. added, ἕλκος, τό μιν βάλε the wound which he gave him, id=Il.:—also, βάλε κατ̆ ἀςπίδα smote upon it, id=Il.
3. of things, ἡνίοχον ῥαθάμιγγες ἔβαλλον id=Il.; of the Sun, ἀκτῖςιν ἔβαλλεν [χθόνα] Od.: to strike the senses, of sound, κτύπος οὔατα βάλλει Il.
4. metaph., β. τινὰ κακοῖς to smite with reproaches, Soph., etc.; φθόνος βάλλει τινά Aesch.
5. with acc. of the weapon thrown, to throw, cast, hurl, βαλὼν βέλος Il; ἐν νηυςὶν πῦρ βάλλειν id=Il.:—with dat. of the weapon, to throw or shoot with a thing, χερμαδίοιςι id=Il.; βέλεςι β. τινα Hom.; β. ἐπί τινα to throw at one, Thuc.; ἐπὶ ςκοπόν or ςκοποῦ Xen.
6. generally of anything thrown, εἰς ἅλα λύματ̆ ἔβαλλον Il., etc.:—of persons, β. τινὰ ἐν κονίηιςιν, ἐν δαπέδωι Hom., etc.; metaph., ἐς κακὸν β. τινά Od.; β. τινὰ ἐς φόβον Eur.; also, ἐν αἰτίαι or αἰτία β. τινά Soph.
7. to let fall, ἑτέρωςε κάρη βάλεν Il.; β. ἀπὸ δάκρυ παρειῶν Od.
8. of the eyes, ἑτέρωςε βάλ̆ ὄμματα cast them the other way, id=Od., etc.
9. in a loose sense, to throw, to put, place, ἐν ςτήθεςςι μένος βάλε Il.; ὅπως φιλότητα μετ̆ ἀμφοτέροιςι βάλωμεν may put frienship between them, id=Il.; β. τί τινι ἐν θυμῶι Od.; ἐς θυμὸν β. to lay to heart, Soph.
10. to put round, ἀμφ̆ ὀχέεςςι βάλε κύκλα Il.; and of clothes or arms, ἀμφὶ δ̆ Ἀθήνη ὤμοις βάλ̆ αἰγίδα id=Il.
11. βαλών is sometimes added, like λαβών or ἔχων, at the end of a sentence, almost as an expletive, with, Soph.
12. intr., ποταμὸς εἰς ἅλα βάλλων falling, Il.; ἐν πέδωι βαλῶ (sc. ἐμαυτήν) Aesch.
13. so in familiar language, βάλλ̆ ἐς κόρακας away with you! be hanged! Lat. pasce corvos! abi in malam rem! Ar.
14. Mid. to put for oneself, ἐνὶ θυμῶι βάλλευ lay it to heart, Od.; ἐς θυμὸν βάλλεςθαί τι Hdt.; ἐφ̆ ἑωυτοῦ βαλόμενος on one's own judgment, of oneself, id=Hdt.
15. τόξα or ξίφος ἀμφ̆ ὤμοις βάλλεςθαι to throw about one's shoulder, Il.
16. ἐς γαςτέρα βάλλεςθαι, of a woman, to conceive, Hdt.
17. to lay the foundations of, begin to form, οἰκοδομίαν, ςτρατόπεδον, Plat., etc.; β. ἄγκυραν to cast anchor, Hdt.
18. rarely, χρόα βάλλεςθαι λουτροῖς to dash one's flesh with water, bathe, Hhymn.
1. a gulf, pit:— at Athens a cleft behind the Acropolis, into which criminals were thrown, Hdt., Ar.
2. metaph. ruin, perdition, Dem.
1. βάςκ̆ ἴθι speed thee! away! Il.; also come! Aesch.
1. poet. for βέλος, a dart, javelin, Il., Aesch.
1. a missile, esp. an arrow, dart, bolt, Hom.; of the rock hurled by the Cyclops, Od.; of the ox's leg thrown at Ulysses, id=Od.; ὑπὲκ βελέων out of the reach of darts, out of shot, Il.; so ἔξω βελῶν Xen.
2. like ἔγχος, used of any weapon, as a sword, Ar.: an axe, Eur.
3. the ἀγανὰ βέλεα of Apollo and Artemis in Hom. always denote the sudden, easy death of men and women respectively.
4. after Hom. of anything swift-darting, Ζηνὸς βέλη the bolts of Zeus, thunderbolts, Aesch.; πύρπνουν β. id=Aesch.; βέλη πάγων the piercing frosts, Soph.:—metaph., ὀμμάτων βέλος the glance of the eye, Aesch.; ἱμέρου βέλος the shaft of love, id=Aesch.; of arguments, πᾶν τετόξευται βέλος id=Aesch.
1. better, more excellent, βέλτερόν [ἐςτι] it is better, c. inf., Hom.; in Theogn., Aesch., etc.
1. the depth of the sea, Hom.; also in pl., θαλάςςης βένθεα, ἐν βένθεςςιν ἁλός Il., Hom.:—also of a wood, βένθεςιν ὕλης Od.
1. I shall live (akin to βιόω):— others regard it epic fut. of βαίνω.
1. bodily strength, force, power, might, Hom., etc.; periphr. βίη hρακληείη the strength of Hercules, i. e. the strong Hercules, Il.; βίη Διομήδεος id=Il.; Τυδέως βία, Πολυνείκους β. Aesch., etc.
2. of the mind, Il.
3. force, an act of violence, Od.; in pl., id=Od.; in attic, βίαι τινός against one's will, in spite of him, Aesch., Thuc., etc.; βίαι φρενῶν Aesch.; also βίαι alone as an adv., perforce, Od., etc.; so, πρὸς βίαν τινός and πρὸς βίαν alone, Aesch.
1. to stride, only in part., μακρὰ βιβάς Il.
1. life, Il., Trag.
2. = bi/os II, means of living, substance, Lat. victus, Hom.
3. the world, mankind, Anth.
1. in most forms,
2. intr. to walk, step, properly of motion on foot, ποςςὶ or ποςὶ βαίνειν Hom., etc.; c. inf. in Hom., βῆ ἰέναι, βῆ ἰέμεν set out to go, went his way, Il.; βῆ θέειν started to run, id=Il.; βῆ δ̆ ἐλάαν, id=Il., etc.:—c. acc. loci, Soph.; and with all Preps. implying motion, as, ἐπὶ νηὸς ἔβαινεν was going on board ship, Od.; ἐφ̆ ἵππων βάντες having mounted the chariot, id=Od.; βαίνειν δῐ αἵματος to wade through blood, Eur., etc.
3. in perf. to stand or be in a place, χῶρος ἐν ὧι βεβήκαμεν Soph.; often almost= ei)mi/ (sum), εὖ βεβηκώς on a good footing, well established, prosperous, Hdt., etc.; so, οἱ ἐν τέλει βεβῶτες they who are in office, id=Hdt., Soph.; cf. ξυρόν.
4. to go, go away, depart, Il., Soph.; βέβηκα euphem. for τέθνηκα, Aesch., Soph.:—of things, ἐννέα ἐνιαυτοὶ βεβάαςι nine years have come and gone, Il.
5. to come, τίπτε βέβηκας; id=Il.: to arrive, Soph.
6. to go on, advance, ἐς τόδε τόλμης, ἐς τοςοῦτον ἐλπίδων id=Soph.
7. c. acc. to mount, Hom. only in aor1 mid., βήςαςθαι δίφρον:— Pass., ἵπποι βαινόμεναι brood mares, Hdt.
8. χρέος ἔβα με debts came on me, Ar.
9. in Poets, with acc. of the instrument of motion, which is simply pleonastic, βαίνειν πόδα to advance the foot, step on, Eur., etc.
10. Causal, in fut. βήςω, aor1 ἔβηςα:— to make to go, βῆςεν ἀφ̆ ἵππον, ἐξ ἵππων βῆςε brought them down from the chariot, Il. The pres. in this sense is βιβάζω.
1. plunged deep in war, Pind.
1. deep-girded, i. e. girded not close under the breast, but over the hips, so that the gown fell over the girdle in folds (cf. βαθύκολπος), Hom.
1. with dress falling in deep folds (cf. βαθύζωνος), of Trojan women, Il.
2. with deep, full breasts, deep-bosomed, Aesch.; of the earth, Pind.: cf. βαθύςτερνος.
1. with deep, rich meadows, Il.
1. to deepen, hollow out, of a torrent, Il.: to dig deep, NTest.
2. as military term, to deepen, τὴν φάλαγγα Xen.
1. deep-flowing, brimming, Il., Soph.
1. deep or high, acc. to one's position, like Lat. altus, Hom., etc.; βαθέης αὐλῆς from high-fenced court, Il.; ἠιόνος προπάροιθε βαθείης the deep, i. e. wide, shore, id=Il.; in Prose, of a line of battle, Xen.
2. deep or thick in substance, of a mist, Hom.; of ploughed land, opp. to stony ground, Il., Eur.:— deep, thick, of woods, corn, clouds, Il., Hdt., etc.; of hair, Xen.
3. violent, of a storm, Il.
4. generally, large, copious, abundant, κλέος, κλῆρος Pind.; βαθεῖα τέρψις Soph.; βαθὺς ἀνήρ a rich man, Xen.; β. ὕπνος deep sleep, Theocr.
5. of the mind, deep, Il., Aesch.; βαθύτερα ἤθεα Hdt.
6. of Time, far-advanced, late, βαθὺς ὄρθρος (v. o)/rqros); βαθὺ τῆς ἡλικίας Ar.; β. γῆρας Anth.
7. adv. baqe/ws, Theocr.
1. deep-grown with rushes, Il.
1. to chatter with the teeth, Il.: to stammer, Bion.
1. speaking a foreign tongue, Κᾶρες Il.
1. to be weighed down, Il., Hes.
2. to be heavy, Anth.
1. to weigh down, oppress by weight, depress, Hom.:—Pass., γυῖα βαρύνεται he is heavy, i. e. weary, in limb, Il.; χεῖρα βαρυνθείς disabled in hand, id=Il.; βαρύνεταί τινι τὸ ςκέλος Ar.; ὄμμα β., of one dying, Eur.
2. metaph. to oppress, weary, τοὺς δικαςτάς Xen.:—Pass. to be oppressed, distressed, Lat. gravari, Aesch., Soph.
1. heavy in weight, opp. to κοῦφος, Hdt., etc.: in Hom. mostly with a notion of strength and force, χεῖρα βαρεῖαν Il., etc.: also, heavy with age or suffering, γήραι, νόςωι Soph.
2. heavy to bear, grievous, Hom.; βαρὺ or βαρέα ςτενάχειν to sob heavily, id=Hom.:—in attic, burdensome, grievous, oppressive:— adv., βαρέως φέρειν τι to take a thing ill, Lat. graviter ferre, Hdt., etc.; βαρέως ἀκούειν to hear with disgust, Xen.
3. violent, Theocr., Plat., etc.
4. weighty, impressive, NTest.
5. of persons, severe, stern, Aesch., Soph.:—also, wearisome, oppressive, Eur., Dem.: in good sense, grave, dignified, Arist.
6. of soldiers, heavy-armed, Xen.
7. of impressions on the senses,
8. of sound, strong, deep, bass, Od., Aesch., Soph.
9. of smell, strong, offensive, Hdt., Soph.
1. of the king, kingly, royal, Hdt., etc.
1. a king, chief, Hom.: later it was an hereditary king, opp. to τύραννος, Hdt., attic; ἄναξ β. lord king, Aesch.: c. gen., β. νεῶν id=Aesch.; οἰωνῶν β., of the eagle, id=id=Aesch.:—Hom. has a comp. βαςιλεύτερος more of a king, more kingly, Sup. βαςιλεύτατος most kingly.
2. of the king's son, prince, or any one sharing in the government, Od.
3. generally, a lord, master, householder, Il., Pind.
4. at Athens, the second of the nine Archons was called βαςιλεύς; he had charge of the public worship, and the conduct of criminal processes, Plat., etc.
5. after the Persian war, the king of Persia was called βαςιλεύς (without the Art.), Hdt., attic; more rarely ὁ βαςιλεύς, or ὁ μέγας βας. Hdt.
1. to be king, to rule, reign, Hom., etc.; of a woman, to be queen, id=Hom.; c. gen. to be king of, Od.; also, ὄφρ̆ Ἰθάκης κατὰ δῆμον βαςιλεύοι id=Od.; in aor. to have become king, Hdt.; c. dat. to be king among others, Od.:—Pass. to be governed by a king, Plat.: to submit to the king, Plut.
2. to be master of a thing, c. gen., Theocr.
1. to be stricken with grief, Hom.; βεβολήατο epic 3rd pl. plup.
1. that on which one treads, the threshold, Lat. limen, Il., Aesch.
1. to constrain, Od.:—Pass., aor1 ἐβιάςθην, perf. βεβίαςμαι:— to be hard pressed or overpowered, Il.; βιάζομαι τάδε I suffer violence herein, Soph.; βιαςθείς id=Soph.; ἐπεὶ ἐβιάςθη Thuc.; βεβιαςμένοι forcibly made slaves, Xen.:—of things, τοὔνειδος βιαςθέν forced from one, Soph.
2. Mid. βιάζομαι, with aor1 mid. ἐβιαςάμην, perf. βεβίαςμαι:— to overpower by force, press hard, Hom.; βιάζεςθαι νόμους to do them violence, Thuc.;— β. αὑτόν to lay violent hands on oneself, Plat.:— β. τινα, c. inf., to force one to do, Xen.; and inf. omitted, β. τὰ ςφάγια to force the victims [to be favourable], Hdt.
3. c. acc. rei, βιάζεςθαι τὸν ἔκπλουν to force the entrance, Thuc.
4. absol. to use force, struggle, Aesch., Soph., etc.: to force one's way, Thuc., Xen.; c. inf., β. πρὸς τὸν λόφον ἐλθεῖν Thuc.: of a famine, to increase in violence, Hdt.
1. to constrain, Il.:— Pass. to be forcibly driven, of fire, Hdt.; θανάτωι βιηθείς overpowered, id=Hdt.
2. as Dep. in act. sense, to constrain, press hard, overpower, Hom.; βιήςατο κῦμ̆ ἐπὶ χέρςου it forced me upon land, Od.; νῶϊ βιήςατο μιςθόν he did us wrong in respect of our wages, Il.:— to force or urge on, Aesch.
1. striding, Il.
1. to eat, eat up, βεβρωκὼς κακὰ φάρμακ̆ Il.: c. gen. to eat of a thing, βεβρωκὼς βοός Od.:—Pass. to be eaten, χρήματα βεβρώςεται will be devoured, id=Od.
1. a bow, Il.
1. to live, pass one's life (whereas ζάω properly means to live, exist), Il., etc.; ἀπ̆ αὐτῶν ὧν αὐτὸς βεβίωκεν from the very actions of his own life, Dem.; hence in Pass., τὰ ςοὶ κἀμοὶ βεβιωμένα the actions of our life, id=Dem.; impers., βεβίωταί μοι I have lived, Lat. vixi, id=Dem.:—Mid. in act. sense, Hdt.
1. to disable, hinder, stop Hom.:—βλ. πόδας to disable the feet, to lame them, Od.:—Pass., ὄζωι ἔνι βλαφθέντε [the horses] caught in a branch, Il.; βλάβεν ἅρματα were stopped, id=Il.; Διόθεν βλαφθέντα βέλεμνα stopped, made frustrate by Zeus, id=Il.
2. c. gen. to hinder from, βλάπτουςι κελεύθου Od.:—Pass., βλαβέντα λοιςθίων δρόμων arrested in its last course, Aesch.
3. of the mind, to distract, delude, deceive, mislead, of the Gods, Hom.; βλαφθείς, Lat. mente captus, Il.
4. after Hom. to damage, hurt, mar, opp. to wilful wrong (ἀδικεῖν), Aesch., etc.
1. mostly in pl. the eyelids, Hom.
2. the eyes, Trag.: ἁμέρας βλέφαρον, νυκτὸς βλέφαρον, i. e. the sun, the moon, Soph., Eur.
1. to look fiercely, glare around, Il.
1. grim, fierce, Il.: terrible, Aesch.: bluff, burly, valiant, Plat.
1. tall, stately, of trees, Hom.
1. to go or come, Hom., Trag.
1. a fastening, a band or rivet, Il.
1. a shield of wild bull's hide, Il.
1. to cry aloud, to shout, Hom., Aesch.; οἱ βοηςόμενοι men ready to shout (in the ἐκκληςία), Dem.
2. of things, to sound, resound, roar, howl, as the wind and waves, Il., Aesch.; αὐτὸ βοᾶι it proclaims itself, Ar.
3. c. acc. pers. to call to one, call on, Eur., Xen.
4. to call for, shout out for, Soph.
5. c. acc. cogn., β. βοάν, μέλος, etc., Ar., Soph.
6. to noise abroad, βεβωμένα ἀνὰ Ἰωνίην Hdt.; ἐβώςθηςαν ἀνὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα id=Hdt.
7. c. inf. to cry aloud or command in a loud voice to do a thing, Soph., Eur., Xen.
1. a loud cry, shout, Hom., etc.:— a battle-cry, βοὴν ἀγαθός good at the battle-cry, Il.; βοᾶς μηδ̆ ὄνομ̆ ἔςτω let there be not even the name of war, Theocr.:—also of the roar of the sea, Od.; of the sound of musical instruments, Il., Pind.; the cry of birds or beasts, Soph., Eur.;— ὅςον ἀπὸ βοῆς ἕνεκεν as far as sound went, only in appearance, Thuc., Xen.
2. = boh/qeia, aid called for, succour, Aesch., Soph.
1. sc.βοείη δορή, an ox-hide, ox-hide shield, Hom.; gen. pl. βοῶν, contr. for βοέων, Il.
1. hasting to the battle-shout, hasting to battle, Il.; cf. βοηδρόμος.
2. aiding, helping, Pind.; and as Subst. an assistant, Theocr.
1. a driving of oxen, cattle-lifting, Il.
2. a cattle-run, Anth.
1. to make a booming, humming noise, to sound deep or hollow, Hom.; βόμβηςαν κατὰ ῥόον the oars fell with a loud noise down into the tide, Od.; βόμβηςεν λίθος the stone flew humming through the air, id=Od.:—of bees, to hum, Theocr.; of mosquitoes, to buzz, Ar.
1. grass, fodder, Il., Plat.; ἐκ βοτάνης from feeding, from pasture, Theocr.
1. like a bunch of grapes, in clusters, Il.
1. a beast, Aesch., Soph.: mostly in pl. grazing beasts, Il., Trag., etc.; but of birds, Ar.
1. the groin, Lat. inguen, Il.
1. a great bully or braggart, voc. βουγάϊε Hom.
1. to tend cattle, Il.:—Pass. of cattle, to range the fields, graze, id=Il
2. of persons, to tend, serve, worship, Ar.: Mid., τόνδε βουκολούμενος πόνον being constantly engaged in this toil, Aesch.
3. metaph. to delude, beguile, id=Aesch.; Mid., ἐλπίςι βουκολοῦμαι I feed myself on hopes, cheat myself with them, Eur.
1. a cowherd, herdsman, Hom., Plat.
1. will, determination, Lat. consilium, esp. of the gods, Il., etc.
2. a counsel, piece of advice, plan, design, id=Il., Hdt., attic:—in pl. counsels, Aesch.
3. a Council of the elders or chiefs, a Senate, Hom., Aesch.:—at Athens, the Council of 500 created by Cleisthenes, Hdt., Ar., etc.:— βουλῆς εἶναι to be of the Council, a member of it, Thuc.
1. a councillor, senator, Il., Hdt., etc.;—at Athens, one of the 500, Oratt.
1. to take counsel, deliberate, concert measures, and in past tenses to have considered and so to determine, resolve:
2. absol., οἷος ἔην βουλευέμεν ἠδὲ μάχεςθαι such as he was in council and in battle, Od.; ἔς γε μίαν βουλεύςομεν [sc. βουλήν] we shall agree to one plan, id=Od.:—in Prose, this sense belongs chiefly to the Mid.
3. c. acc. rei, to deliberate on, plan, devise, Od., Hdt., attic:—Pass. with fut. mid., aor1 ἐβουλεύθην: perf. βεβούλευμαι:— to be determined or resolved on, Aesch., etc.; τὰ βεβουλευμένα ͂ βουλεύματα, Hdt.
4. c. inf. to resolve to do, Od., Hdt.
5. to give counsel, τὰ λῷςτα β. Aesch.; c. dat. pers. to advise, Il., Aesch.
6. in polit. writers, to be a member of Council, Hdt.; esp. of the Council of 500 at Athens, Plat., Xen., etc.
7. Mid., fut. -εύςομαι: aor1 ἐβουλευςάμην, epic βουλ or in pass. form ἐβουλεύθην: perf. βεβούλευμαι:
8. absol. to take counsel with oneself, deliberate, Hdt., attic
9. c. acc. rei, to determine with oneself, resolve on, Il., Hdt.
10. c. inf. to resolve to do, id=Hdt., Plat.; β. ὅπως . . , Xen.
1. counselling, advising, Il.; c. gen. a counsellor, id=Il.
1. the time for unyoking oxen, evening, Ar.
1. an ox-goad, Lat. stimulus, Il.
2. an axe for felling an ox, Anth.
1. to slaughter oxen, Il.
1. eating enormously: metaph. grinding poverty or misery, Il.
1. Dep.
2. to will, wish, be willing, Hom., etc.:—mostly c. inf. or c. acc. et inf., id=Hom., etc.: when βούλομαι is foll. by acc. only, an inf. may be supplied, Τρώεςςιν ἐβούλετο νίκην he willed victory to the Trojans, or Τρώεςςιν ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι, — both in Il.
3. attic usages:
4. βούλει or βούλεςθε foll. by subj., adds force to the demand, βούλει λάβωμαι would you have me take hold, Soph.
5. εἰ βούλει, a courteous phrase, like Lat. sis (si vis), if you please, id=Soph.
6. ὁ βουλόμενος, Lat. quivis, the first that offers, Hdt., attic
7. βουλομένωι μοί ἐςτι, nobis volentibus est, c. inf., it is according to my wish that . . , Thuc.
8. to mean so and so, τί βούλεται εἶναι; quid sibi vult haec res? Plat.:—hence, βούλεται εἶναι professes or pretends to be, would fain be, id=Thuc.
9. followed by ἤ, to prefer, for βούλομαι μᾶλλον, βούλομ̆ ἐγὼ λαὸν ςόον ἔμμεναι, ἢ ἀπολέςθαι I had rather the people were saved than lost, Il.
1. Lat. bos (bov-is), a bullock, bull, ox, or a cow, in pl. oxen or kine, cattle, Hom., etc.
2. = boei/h or βοέη (always fem.), an ox-hide shield, Il.
3. proverb., βοῦς ἐπὶ γλώςςηι βέβηκε, βοῦς ἐπὶ γλώςςης ἐπιβαίνει, of people who keep silence from some weighty reason, from the notion of a heavy body keeping down the tongue, Theogn., Aesch.
1. ox-eyed, i. e. having large, full eyes, mostly of Hera, Hom.
1. to shake violently, throw up, of the sea, Anth.
2. to winnow grain, Plat.
1. to roar, of a wave, Il.; so also in Mid., id=Il., Soph.
2. in later Poets, of arms, to clash, ring, Eur.; of men, to shout, rage, Aesch., Eur. to bear oneself haughtily, to hold one's head high, swagger, Ar., Plat.
1. the babe in the womb, Lat. foetus: of an unborn foal, Il.
2. the new-born babe, Aesch., Eur.:—of beasts, a foal, whelp, cub, Hdt.:— ἐκ βρέφεος from babyhood, Anth.
1. to be sleepy, to slumber, nod, Il., Aesch.
1. to be heavy or weighed down with a thing, c. dat., of fruit-trees, Hom.; metaph., ὄλβωι βρίθειν Eur.; ξίφεςι βρ. to visit heavily with the sword, id=Eur.
2. c. gen. to groan with weight of a thing, ςίτου, οἴνου Od.
3. absol. to be heavy, Il.; rare in attic, βρίθει ὁ ἵππος sinks, Plat.
4. of men, to outweigh, prevail, ἐέδνοιςι by gifts, Od.: absol. to have the preponderance in fight, to be master, prevail, Il.
5. trans. to weigh down, Aesch.:—Pass. to be laden, καρπῶι βριθομένη laden with fruit, Il.:—c. gen., βρίθεςθαι ςταχύων Hes.
1. slowness, Il., attic
2. of the mind, Plat.
1. slow, Hom., etc.:—c. inf., ἵπποι βάρδιςτοι θείειν slowest at running, Il.; β. λέγειν Eur.:—adv., βραδέως χωρεῖν Thuc.
2. of the mind, like Lat. tardus, Il.; c. inf., προνοῆςαι βραδεῖς Thuc.; τὸ βραδύ slowness, id=Thuc.:—adv., βραδέως βουλεύεςθαι id=Thuc.
3. of Time, tardy, late, Soph., Thuc.
1. to rattle, clash, ring, of arms; of a torrent, to roar; of an axle, to creak; of one wounded, to shriek or roar, — all in Il.
1. the top of the head, Lat. sinciput, Il.
1. loud-shouting, of Ares, Il.
1. strong, stout, Il.
1. weight, heaviness, Il.
1. weighty, heavy, Il, Irreg. comp. βριθύτερος, Aesch.
1. of flies, to buzz, Il.
1. to thunder, Od.; metaph. of Pericles, Ar.
2. impers., βροντᾶι it thunders, id=Ar.
1. thunder, Hom., etc.
2. the state of one struck with thunder, astonishment, Hdt.
1. plague of man, bane of men, of Ares, Hom.
1. gory, blood-boltered, Il.
1. a mortal man, Hom., attic Poets.
1. Dep., to roar, bellow, Lat. rugire, of a bull, Soph., Ar.; of elephants, Plut.:—in Il. mostly of the death-cry of wounded men, κεῖτο βεβρυχώς; so, βρυχώμενον ςπαςμοῖςι, of Hercules, Soph.; δεινὰ βρυχηθείς id=Soph.:—in Od. of the roaring of waves. (Formed from the sound.) Hence
1. blood that has run from a wound, gore, Hom.
1. to be full to bursting:
2. c. dat. to swell or teem with, βρύει ἄνθεϊ teems with bloom, Il.:—metaph., βρύων μελίτταις καὶ προβάτοις Ar.; of men, θράςει βρύων Aesch.
3. c. gen. to be full of, βρύων δάφνης, ἐλαίας, ἀμπέλου Soph.: metaph., νόςου βρ. Aesch.
4. absol. to abound, grow luxuriantly, Soph.: of the earth, to teem with produce, Xen.
5. c. acc. cogn. to send forth water, NTest. (Akin to βλύω, βλύζω, and perh. to φλύω.）
1. meat, Od., Thuc., etc.
2. eating, Plat.
3. corrosion, rust, NTest.
1. the depth of the sea, the bottom, Il., Hdt.
1. any raised platform, a stand, Lat. suggestus, for chariots, Il.: of a statue, a base, pedestal, Od.
2. a raised place for sacrificing, an altar, Hom., Trag., etc.
3. a tomb, cairn, Anth.
1. man-feeding, nurse of heroes, Il.
1. of an ox or oxen, esp. of ox-hide, Hom.; βόεα κρέα Hdt.; γάλα βόειον cows milk, Eur.; metaph., βόεια ῥήματα great bull- words (cf. βούπαις, etc.), Ar.
1. any hole or pit dug in the ground, Lat. puteus, Hom.: a natural trough for washing clothes in, Od.:— a hole, such as a fire makes in the snow, Xen.
1. food, Il.
1. of the herdsman, to feed, tend, Lat. pasco, Od.
2. generally, to feed, nourish, support, of earth, id=Od.; of the Sun, Soph.; of soldiers, to maintain, Hdt., Thuc.: metaph., β. νόςον Soph.; πράγματα β. to feed up troubles, i. e. children, Ar.
3. Pass., of cattle, to feed, graze, Lat. pascor, Hom., c. acc.:— to feed on, Aesch.
4. metaph. to be fed or nurtured, Trag.; β. τινί or περί τι to run riot in athing, Anth. (The Root appears to be ΒΟΤ, cf. βοτήρ, βοτός, βοτάνη.）
1. a cluster or bunch of grapes, Il., attic
2. = bo/struxos, Anth.
1. man-feeding, nurse of heroes, Il.
1. a wooded comb or glen, Hom., Soph.
1. milk, Hom., etc.; ὀρνίθων γάλα, proverb. of rare and dainty things, Ar.
1. a husband's sister or brother's wife, a sister-in-law, Lat. glos, Il., etc.
1. a wedding, wedding-feast, Hom., etc.
2. marriage, wedlock, id=Hom., etc.; τὸν Οἰνέως γ. marriage with him, Soph.; mostly in pl., like Lat. nuptiae, nuptials, Aesch., etc.
1. to brighten up, γάνυται φρένα he is glad at heart, Il.; c. dat., to be glad at a thing, Hom.; c. gen., Aesch.
1. for, Lat. enim, and like it, regularly placed after the first word of a sentence: to introduce the reason:
2. ARGUMENTATIVE, to introduce the reason for a statement, which usually precedes:—when it precedes the statement, it may be rendered since, as, Ἀτρείδη, πολλοὶ γὰρ τεθνᾶςιν Ἀχαιοί, χρὴ πόλεμον παῦςαι Il.
3. the statement of which γάρ gives the reason may be omitted, οὐ γάρ τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε [yes], for it was not Zeus, etc., Soph.; ἔςτι γὰρ οὕτω [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes certainly, Plat.; οἵδ̆ οὐκέτ̆ εἰςί: τοῦτο γάρ ςε δήξεται [I say this], for it will sting thee, Eur.: —in Conditional Propositions, where the Condition is omitted, it may be transl. for otherwise, else, οὐ γὰρ ἄν με ἔπεμπον πάλιν, (sc. εἰ μὴ ἐπίςτευον), Xen.
4. EPEXEGETIC, where γάρ is used to begin a promised narration, λεκτέα ἃ γιγνώςκω: ἔχει γὰρ ἡ χώρα πεδία κάλλιςτα I must relate what I know; now, the country has most beautiful plains, Xen.; so, after the introductory forms, ςκέψαςθε δέ, δῆλον δέ, τεκμήριον δέ, μαρτύριον δέ, μέγιςτον δέ, Plat., etc.; τούτου δὲ τεκμήριον: τόδε γάρ . . , Hdt.:—in ἀλλὰ γάρ, a clause must be supplied between ἀλλά and γάρ, as, ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἤκουςα but [say no more], for I heard, Aesch.
5. STRENGTHENING,
6. a question, like Lat. nam, Engl. why, what, τίς γάρ ςε ἧκεν; why who hath sent thee? Il.; τί γάρ; quid enim? i. e. it must be so, Soph.
7. a wish, with the opt., κακῶς γὰρ ἐξόλοιο O that you might perish! Eur.; in Hom. mostly αἲ γάρ, attic εἰ or εἴθε γάρ, Lat. utinam, O that! so also πῶς γάρ would that.
1. the lower part of a vessel bulging out like a paunch, Hom.
1. epic perf. with pres. signf., pluperf. used as impf., to call out so as to be heard, ὅςςον τε γέγωνε βοήςας as far as a man can make himself heard by shouting, Od.:—c. dat. pers. to cry out to, id=Od.
1. causing laughter, laughable, Il., Hdt., etc.; γελοῖα jests, Theogn.
2. of persons, causing laughter, ridiculous, Plat., etc.
1. laughter, γέλωι ἔκθανον they were like to die with laughing, Od.; γέλωτα ποιεῖν, κινεῖν, etc., Xen.;— κατέχειν γέλωτα to restrain one's laughter, id=Xen.; γέλωτα ὀφλεῖν to incur laughter, Eur.; ἐπὶ γέλωτι to provoke laughter, Hdt., Ar.; γέλωτος ἄξια ridiculous, Eur.
2. occasion of laughter, matter for laughter, γ. γίγνομαί τινι Soph.
1. the part covered by the beard, the chin, Hom., Trag.:—proverb. of a lean animal, οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν γένειον καὶ κέρατα nothing but chin and horns, Ar.
2. = geneia/s, the beard, Hdt.
3. the cheek, Anth.
1. an origin, source, productive cause, Il.:— a beginning, in dual, τοῖν γενεςίοιν, Plat.
2. manner of birth, Hdt.: race, descent, id=Hdt.; γένεςιν by descent, Soph.
3. production, generation, opp. to φθορά, Plat., etc.
4. creation, created things, id=Plat.
5. a race, kind, family, id=Plat.
6. a generation, age, id=Plat.
1. race, stock, family, Hom., etc.; absol. in acc., ἐξ Ἰθάκης γένος εἰμί from Ithaca I am by race, Od.; in attic with the Art., ποδαπὸς τὸ γένος εἶ Ar.; so in dat., γένει πολίτης Dem.; οἱ ἐν γένει ͂ ςυγγενεῖς, Soph.; opp. to οἱ ἔξω γένους, id=Soph.; γένους εἶναί τινος to be of his race, id=Soph.
2. offspring, even a single descendant, a child, Lat. genus, ςὸν γένος Il.; θεῖον γένος, id=Il.; so in Trag.
3. collectively, offspring, posterity, Thuc., Dem.
4. a race, in regard to number, γ. ἀνδρῶν mankind, Il.; ἡμιόνων, βοῶν γ. Hom., etc.:— a clan or house, Lat. gens, Hdt.; at Athens as a subdivision of the φρατρία, Plat.: — a tribe, as a subdivision of ἔθνος, Hdt.:— a caste, id=Hdt., Plat.: of animals, a breed, Hdt.
5. a race in regard to time, an age, generation, Od.; γ. χρύςειον, Hes.:—hence age, time of life, γένει ὕςτερος Il.
6. sex, Plat.: gender, in grammar, Arist.
7. a class, sort, kind, Xen.
8. in Logic, genus, opp. to εἶδος (species), Plat.
1. he grasped, = e)/laben, found only in this form, Il.:—said to be aeolic for ἕλετο (θέλετο) like ἦνθον for ἦλθον.
2. syncop. for ἐγένετο, v. gi/gnomai.
1. the under jaw, Od.; in pl. the jaws, the mouth, Il., Trag.; so in sg., Theogn., Eur.:—generally, the side of the face, cheek, id=Eur.
2. the edge of an axe, a biting axe, Soph. (Cf. γένειον, γνάθος, Lat. gena.）
1. a crane, Lat. grus, Il.
1. a gift of honour, Hom.; τὸ γὰρ γέρας ἐςτι θανόντων this is the last honour of the dead, Il.:—any privilege or prerogative conferred on kings or nobles, Hom., Hdt., etc.
1. an old man, Hom., etc.
2. in political sense, γέροντες the Elders, Seniors, or Chiefs, who formed the King's Council, Hom.:—then, like Lat. Patres, the Senators, esp. at Sparta, Hdt.
3. as adj. old, mostly with a masc. Noun, Theogn., Aesch., etc.; but γέρον ςάκος occurs in Od.
1. a dyke, dam or mound to bar a stream, in pl., Il.; the phrase πολέμοιο γεφύραι seems to mean the ground between two lines of battle, = metai/xmion, id=Il.
2. a bridge, to cross a stream, Hdt., attic; Hom. also seems to recognise this sense in the Verb γεφυρόω.
1. Radical sense, to come into being, Lat. gigni:
2. of persons, to be born, νέον γεγαώς new born, Od.; γεγονέναι ἔκ τινος Hdt.; more rarely ἀπό τινος id=Hdt.; τινος Eur.:—with Numerals, ἔτεα τρία καὶ δέκα γεγονώς, Lat. natus annos tredecim, Hdt., etc.
3. of things, to be produced, Plat., Xen., etc.:—of sums, ὁ γεγονὼς ἀριθμός the result or amount, Plat.
4. of events, to take place, come to pass, come on, happen, and in past tenses to be, Hom., etc.:— ὃ μὴ γένοιτο, Lat. quod dii prohibeant, Dem.:—c. dat. et part., γίγνεταί τί μοι βουλομένωι, ἀςμένωι I am glad at its being so, Thuc., etc.:—of sacrifices, omens, etc., to be favourable, id=Thuc., Xen.:—in neut. part., τὸ γενόμενον the event, the fact, Thuc.; τὰ γενόμενα the facts, Xen.; τὰ γεγενημένα former events, the past, id=Xen.; τὸ γενηςόμενον the future, Thuc.:—of Time, ὡς τρίτη ἡμέρη ἐγένετο arrived, Hdt.
5. followed by a Predicate, to come into a certain state, to become, Lat. fieri, and (in past tenses), to be so and so, Hom., etc.; πάντα γιγνόμενος turning every way, Od.; so, παντοῖος γ. Hdt.; τί γένωμαι; what am I to become? i. e. what is to become of me? Aesch.; οὐκ ἔχοντες ὅ τι γένωνται Thuc.
6. with Adverbs, κακῶς ἐγένετό μοι it went ill with me, Hdt.; εὖ, καλῶς, γίγνεται it goes well, etc., Xen.
7. followed by oblique cases of Nouns,
8. c. gen., γ. τῶν δικαςτέων to become one of the jurymen, Hdt., etc.:— to fall to the share of, belong to, ἡ νίκη γίγνεταί τινος Xen.:— to be master of, ἑαυτοῦ γ. Soph., etc.; γ. ἐντὸς ἑωϋτοῦ Hdt.:—of things, to be at, i. e. to cost, so much, c. gen. pretii, Ar.
9. with Preps., γ. ἀπὸ, or ἐκ δείπνου to be done supper, Hdt.; γ. εἰς τόπον to be at . . , id=Hdt.:—. γ. ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν τινι to be out of sight, id=Hdt.; γ. ἐν τόπωι to be in a place, id=Hdt.; also, γ. ἐν ποιήςει to be engaged in poetry, id=Hdt., etc.; γ. δῐ ἔχθρας, δῐ ἔριδος γ. τινι to be at enmity with, Ar., etc.:— γ. ἐπί τινι to fall into or be in one's power, Xen.:— γ. μετά τινος to be on his side, id=Xen.:— γ. παρά τινα to come to one, Hdt.:— γ. πρὸς τόπωι to be at or near . . , Plat.: γ. πρός τινι to be engaged in . . , Dem.; πρός τι Plat.:— γ. πρὸ ὁδοῦ to be forward on the way, Il.
1. to exult, only in part. κύδεϊ γαίων Il.
1. poet. for γηοῦχος, earth-upholding, of Poseidon, Hom., Trag.
2. protecting the country, Soph.
1. to marry, i. e. to take to wife, Lat. ducere, of the man, Hom., etc.; ἔγημε θυγατρῶν married one of his daughters, Il.:—c. acc. cogn., γάμον γαμεῖν, Aesch., Eur.:— ἐκ κακοῦ, ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ γῆμαι to marry a wife of mean or noble stock, Theogn.
2. Mid. to give oneself or one's child in marriage:
3. of the woman, to give herself in marriage, i. e. to get married, to wed, Lat. nubere, c. dat., Od., Hdt.; γήμαςθαι εἰς . . to marry into a family, Eur.:—ironically of a henpecked husband, κεῖνος οὐκ ἔγημεν ἀλλ̆ ἐγήματο Anacr.; (cf. Martial, uxori nubere nolo meae); so Medea speaks contemptuously of Jason, as if she were the husband, γαμοῦςα ςέ Eur.
4. of the parents, to get their children married, or betroth them, to get a wife for the son, Πηλεύς μοι γυναῖκα γαμέςςεται Il.
1. any one connected by marriage, Lat. affinis, Aesch.:
2. a son-in-law, Lat. gener, Hom., Hdt., Eur.
3. a brother-in-law, a sister's husband, Il., Hdt.; or, a wife's brother Soph.
4. = penqero/s, a father-in-law, Eur.
5. doric and aeolic a bridegroom, wooer, suitor, Pind., Theocr.
1. the jaws of animals; of the lion, Il.; of the horse, id=Il.; of Typhon, Aesch.: the bill or beak of birds, Eur.
1. with crooked talons, of birds of prey, Hom., Aesch., etc.
1. to shine, glitter, gleam, of metals, Hom.: then, like Lat. nitere, to look bright, of garden-beds, Od.
1. to make bright:— Pass. to be made glad, exult, Ar.; part. perf. pass. γεγανωμένος, like Lat. nitidus, glad-looking, joyous, Plat.
1. the paunch, belly, Lat. venter, Hom., etc.: hence, γ. ἀςπίδος the hollow of a shield, Tyrtae.:—often to express greed or gluttony, γαςτέρες οἶον mere bellies, Hes.; γαςτρὸς ἐγκρατής master of his belly, γαςτρὸς ἥττων a slave to it, Xen.
2. the paunch stuffed with mince-meat, a black-pudding, sausage, Od., Ar.
3. the womb, Lat. uterus, γαςτέρι φέρειν to be with child, Il.; so, ἐκ γαςτρός from the womb, from infancy, Theogn.; ἐν γαςτρὶ ἔχειν Hdt.
1. a land, country, Hom., Trag.; φίλην ἐς πατρίδα γαῖαν to one's dear father land, Hom.
2. earth, soil, Il.
3. Γαῖα, as prop. n., Gaia, Tellus, Earth, spouse of Uranus, mother of the Titans, Hes.
1. Enclitic Particle, serving to call attention to the word or words which it follows, by limiting the sense at least, at any rate, Lat. quidem, saltem, ὧδέ γε so at least, i. e. so and not otherwise, Il.; ὁ γ̆ ἐνθάδε λεώς at any rate the people here, Soph.: with negatives, οὐ δύο γε, Lat. ne duo quidem, not even two, Il.; οὐ φθόγγος γε not the least sound, Eur.
2. with Pronouns:—with Pron. of 1st Pers. so closely joined, that the accent is changed, ἔγωγε, Lat. equidem; also ςύγε, ὅγε, κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε, etc.; in attic after relat. Pronouns, ὅς γε, οἵ γε, etc., much like Lat. quippe qui, οἵ γέ ςου καθύβριςαν Soph.
3. after Conjunctions of all kinds, πρίν γε, before at least; εἴ γε, ἐάν γε, ἄν γε, Lat. siquidem, if that is to say, if really; etc.
4. exercising an influence over the whole clause:
5. namely, that is, Διός γε διδόντος that is if God grant it, Od.; ἀνήρ, ὅςτις πινυτός γε any man, — at least any wise man, id=Od.
6. in attic dialogue, where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as, ἔπεμψέ τίς ςοι; Answ. καλῶς γε ποιῶν yes and quite right too, Ar.; so, πάνυ γε, etc., Plat.
7. implying concession, εἶμί γε well then I will go, Eur.
1. as Pass., only in pres. and imperf., to be born, like γίγνομαι, γεινομένωι at one's birth, Hom.; 1st pl. epic imperf. γεινόμεθα Il.
2. Causal in aor1 mid., of the father, to beget, id=Il., Trag.; of the mother, to bring forth, Hom.; ἡ γειναμένη the mother, Hdt., Eur.; and οἱ γεινάμενοι the parents, Hdt., Xen.
3. of Zeus, to bring men into being, Od.
1. used in same sense as γέγωνα,Hom.
2. c. acc. rei, to tell out, proclaim, Aesch., Soph.
1. absol. to laugh, Hom., etc.; ἐγέλαςςεν χείλεςιν, of feigned laughter, Il.:—Pass., ἕνεκα τοῦ γελαςθῆναι for the sake of a laugh being raised, Dem.
2. to laugh at a person, Lat. irrideo, ἐπί τινι Il., Aesch.; also at a thing, Xen.; so c. dat., Soph., etc.; rarely, like καταγελάω, c. gen. pers., id=Soph.
3. c. acc. to deride, τινά or τι Theocr., Ar.:—Pass. to be derided, Aesch., Soph.
1. of persons, race, tock, family, Hom.; of horses, a breed, stock, Il.
2. race, offspring, Soph.
3. of place or time, birth-place: metaph., ἀργύρου γ. a silver- mine, Il.
1. of the persons in a family.
2. race, stock, family, Hom., etc.; Πριάμου γ. Il.; ἐκ γενεῆς according to his family, id=Il.; γενεῆι by birth-right, Od.; γενεὴν Αἰτωλός by descent, Il.:—of horses, a breed, id=Il.:—generally, γενεήν in kind, Hdt.:—also a tribe, nation, Περςῶν γ. Aesch.
3. a race, generation, οἵηπερ φύλλων γενεὴ τοιήδε καὶ ἀνδρῶν Il.; δύο γενεαὶ ἀνθρώπων id=Il.
4. offspring, Orac. ap. Hdt.; and of a single person, Soph.
5. of time or place in reference to birth:
6. a birth-place, γενεὴ ἐπὶ λίμνηι Γυγαίηι Il.; of an eagle's eyrie, Od.
7. age, time of life, esp. in phrases γενεῆι νεώτατος, πρεςβύτατος youngest, eldest, in age, or by birth, Hom.
8. time of birth, ἐκ γενεῆς Hdt.; ἀπὸ γ. Xen.
1. ἐκ γενετῆς from the hour of birth, Hom.
1. suitable to one's birth or descent, οὔ μοι γενναῖον it fits not my nobility, Il.
2. of persons, high-born, noble by birth, Lat. generosus, Hdt., Trag.; so of animals, well-bred, Plat., Xen.
3. noble in mind, high-minded, Hdt., attic: τὸ γ. ͂ γενναιότης, Soph.:—also of actions, noble, Hdt., Trag.
4. of things, good of their kind, excellent, notable, Xen.: genuine, intense, δύη Soph.
5. adv. -ws, nobly, Hdt., etc.: comp. -οτέρως, Plat.: Sup. -ότατα, Eur.
1. to honour or reward with a gift, τινά τινι Hom., etc.:—Pass. to be so honoured, Eur.
2. reversely, γ. τινί τι to present as an honorary gift, ap. Dem.
3. to celebrate, χοροῖςι with dances, Hdt.
1. old, in Hom. and Trag.; of men, with notion of dignity, like signor, id=Trag.; ὁ γεραιός that reverend sire, Il.:—comp. γεραίτερος, Hom.; οἱ γεραίτεροι the elders, senators, Aesch., Xen.; cf. γέρων:— Sup. γεραίτατος, Ar.; rarely = presbu/tatos, eldest, Theocr.
2. of things, ancient, Trag.
1. of reverend bearing, majestic, Il.
2. = geraio/s, Aesch.
3. γεραροί, οἱ, priests, id=Aesch.; γεραραί, priestesses, Dem.
1. for or befitting the seniors or chiefs, Il.; γ. ὅρκος an oath taken by them, id=Il.
1. to bridge over, make passable by a bridge, γεφύρωςε δέ μιν (sc. τὸν ποταμὸν ἡ πτελέη) the fallen tree made a bridge over the river, Il.; γ. τὸν ποταμόν to throw a bridge over it, Hdt.; ἐγεφυρώθη ὁ πόρος id=Hdt.
2. to make [a passage] like a bridge, γεφύρωςε κέλευθον he made a bridge- way, Il.
1. to give a taste of, τι Hdt.; rarely τινά τι Eur.; or τινά τινος Plat.: cf. γευςτέος.
2. Mid. γεύομαι, with perf. pass., to taste of a thing, c. gen., Od., Thuc.
3. metaph. to taste, feel, δουρὸς ἀκωκῆς, ὀϊςτοῦ γεύςαςθαι Hom.; γευςόμεθ̆ ἀλλήλων ἐγχείαις let us try one another with the spear, Il.: to taste the sweets of, ἀρχῆς, ἐλευθερίης Hdt.; to have experience of, μόχθων, πένθους Soph., Eur.
1. to rejoice, Hom.; c. acc. rei, τίς ἂν τάδε γηθήςειεν; Il.; c. part., γηθήςει προφανείςα (dual acc.) will rejoice at our appearing, id=Il.; γέγηθας ζῶν thou rejoicest in living, Soph.; γεγηθέναι ἐπί τινι id=Soph.: part. γεγηθώς, like χαίρων, Lat. impune, id=Soph.
1. joy, delight, Il.
1. joyful, glad at a thing, c. dat., Il.; absol., id=Il.
1. to grow old, become old, and in aor. and perf. to be so, Hom., etc.; κηρύςςων γήραςκε grew old in his office of herald, Il.; of things, χρόνος γηράςκων Aesch.; c. acc. cogn., βίον γηράναι Soph.
2. Causal in aor1 ἐγήρα_ςα, to bring to old age, Aesch., Anth.
1. to learn to know, to perceive, mark, learn, and in past tenses, to know, c. acc., Hom., etc.:—also to discern, distinguish, ὡς εὖ γιγνώςκηις ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα that thou mayst discern between gods and men, Il.: c. gen., γνώτην ἀλλήλων were aware of each other, Od.; γνῶ χωομένοιο was aware of his being angry, Il.:—c. part., ἔγνων μιν οἰωνὸν ἐόντα perceived that he was a bird of omen, Od.; ἔγνων ἡττημένος I felt that I was beaten, Ar.:—but c. inf., ἵνα γνῶι τρέφειν that he may learn how to keep, Soph.
2. to observe, to form a judgment on a matter, to judge or think so and so, Hdt., attic: in dialogue, ἔγνων I understand, Soph.:—Pass. to be pronounced, of a sentence or judgment, Thuc., etc.:— also, to judge, determine, decree that . . , c. acc. et inf., Hdt., etc.
1. poet. for γάλα, milk, Il.
1. the pupil of the eye, eyeball, Hom., Soph.
2. because figures are reflected small in the pupil, a puppet, doll; as a taunt, ἔρρε, κακὴ γλήνη away, slight girl, Il.
1. living on milk, Il.
1. glaring fiercely, of a lion, Il.
1. in Hom., prob. without any notion of colour, gleaming, silvery, of the sea, Il., Trag.
2. later, certainly, with a notion of colour, bluish green, gray, Lat. glaucus, of the olive, Soph., Eur.:—esp. of the eyes light blue or gray, Lat. caesius, Hdt., Eur..
1. in Hom. as epith. of Athena, with gleaming eyes, brighteyed; v. glauko/s.
1. hollow, hollowed, of ships, Hom.; of caves, id=Hom.; of the lyre, Od.; γλ. λιμήν a deep harbour or cove, id=Od.
2. polished, finished: of persons, subtle, critical, nice, exact, Ar.:—adv. -rw=s, and neut. as adv., Luc.
1. the rump, Il.:—pl. the buttocks, Lat. nates, id=Il., Hdt.
1. sweet-minded, sweet of mood, Il.
2. act. charming the mind, delightful. Ar.
1. sweet, Il., etc.:—metaph. sweet, delightful, Hom., etc.:— γλυκύ ἐςτι c. inf., Aesch., etc.
2. of water, sweet, fresh, opp. to πικρός, Hdt.
3. after Hom., of persons, sweet, dear, Soph.; ὦ γλυκύτατε my dear fellow, Ar.:—sometimes in bad sense, simple, silly, ὡς γλυκὺς εἶ! Plat.
1. the notched end of the arrow, Hom., Hdt.; πτερωταὶ γλυφίδες the arrow itself, Eur.
1. any projecting point, hence,
2. the end of the yoke-strap, Il.
3. the point of an arrow, Soph., Anth.
1. in pl. things to stare at, shows, wonders, Il.
1. the tongue, Hom., etc.
2. the tongue, as the organ of speech, γλώςςης χάριν through love of talking, Hes., Aesch.; ἀπὸ γλώςςης by word of mouth, Hdt., Thuc.; οὐκ ἀπὸ γλώςςης not by word of mouth, not from mere hearsay, Aesch.; so, οὐ κατὰ γλῶςςαν Soph.; ἱέναι γλῶςςαν to let loose one's tongue, speak without restraint, id=Soph.; pl., κερτομίοις γλώςςαις, i.e. with blasphemies, id=Soph.:—for βοῦς ἐπὶ γλώςςηι, v. bou=s.
3. a tongue, language, Hom., Hdt., etc.
4. the tongue or mouthpiece of a pipe, Aeschin.
1. to bend; γν. τινα to bend his will, Aesch.
1. of or belonging to the race, i. e. lawfully begotten, legitimate, opp. to νόθος, Hom.; φρονεῖν γνήςια to have a noble mind, Eur.; γν. γυναῖκες lawful wives, opp. to παλλακίδες, Xen.; γν. τῆς Ἑλλάδος true sons of Greece, Dem.:—adv. -i/ws, lawfully, really, truly, Eur.
1. the jaw, poet. form of γνάθος, Hom.; also in pl., Od.: metaph., γναθμοὶ φαρμάκων the gnawing of poison, Eur.; for ἀλλοτρίοις γναθμοῖςι, v. a)llo/trios.
1. curved, bent, Hom.
2. supple, pliant, of the limbs of living men, id=Hom.
3. metaph. to be bent, οὔτε νόημα γναμπτὸν ἐνὶ ςτήθεςςι (of Achilles), Il.
1. with bent knee: γνὺξ ἐριπεῖν to fall on the knee, Il.
1. to wail, groan, weep, Hom.:—c. acc. to bewail, mourn, lament, weep for, Il.; ὑπέρ τινος Mosch.:—so also in Mid., Aesch., Soph.:—Pass., γοᾶται Aesch.
1. produce, offspring, Hom., etc.; so in pl., Soph.
2. like γενεά, γένος, a race, stock, family, Trag.
3. a generation, Aesch.
4. that which engenders, the seed, Hes., Hdt., etc.
5. the womb, Eur.
6. of the mother, child-birth, id=Eur., Theocr.
7. of the child, birth, Soph.
1. to clasp another's knees (v. go/nu I. 2), and so to implore, entreat, supplicate, Il.; c. inf. to implore one to do a thing, id=Il.; ὑπέρ τινος in behalf of another, id=Il.; πρός τινος by another, Od.
1. to clasp another's knees (v. go/nu I. 2), and so to implore, entreat, supplicate, Il.; c. inf. to implore one to do a thing, id=Il.; ὑπέρ τινος in behalf of another, id=Il.; πρός τινος by another, Od.
1. a hill, γ. Ἀθηνάων the hill or citadel of Athens, Od.; ὁ γ. ὁ Σουνιακός the hill of Sunium, Hdt.; ἀνὰ γουνὸν ἀλωῆς up the slope of the threshing floor, Od.
1. Orig. sense, to scratch, scrape, graze, αἰχμὴ γράψεν ὀςτέον Il.; ςήματα γράψας ἐν πίνακι having scratched marks as tokens on a tablet, id=Il.:—then, to represent by lines drawn, to delineate, draw, paint, Hdt., Aesch.; εἰκὼν γεγραμμένη Ar.: also in Mid., ζῷα γράφεςθαι ͂ ζωγραφεῖν, Hdt.
2. to express by written characters, to write, τι id=Hdt.; γο. τινά to write a person's name, Xen.; γ. ἐπιςτολήν, etc., id=Xen.; γρ. τι εἰς διφθέρας Hdt.
3. to inscribe, like ἐπιγράφω, γρ. εἰς ςτήλην Eur., Dem.
4. to write down, γρ. τινὰ αἴτιον to set him down as the cause, Hdt.
5. to register, enrol, γρ. τινὰ τῶν ἱππευόντων among the cavalry, Xen.; Κρέοντος προςτάτου γεγράψομαι, as a dependent of Creon, Soph.
6. to write down a law to be proposed; hence to propose, move, γνώμην, νόμον Xen.: so, absol., γράφειν (sub. νόμον), Dem.; γρ. πόλεμον, εἰρήνην, etc., id=Dem.; c. inf. to move that . .; ἔγραψα ἀποπλεῖν τοὺς πρέςβεις id=Dem.
7. Mid. to write for oneself or for one's own use, note down, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
8. as attic law-term, γράφεςθαί τινα to indict one, τινός for some public offence, Plat., etc.; c. acc. et inf., γρ. τινὰ ἀδικεῖν id=Plat.: absol., οἱ γραψάμενοι the prosecutors, id=Plat.:—also, γράφεςθαί τι denounce as criminal, Dem.:—Pass. to be indicted, id=Dem., etc.; τὰ γεγραμμένα the articles of the indictment, id=Dem.; τὸ γεγραμμένον the penalty named in the indictment, id=Plat.:—but γέγραμμαι usually takes the sense of the Mid., to indict, id=Dem.
1. an old woman, Hom., Aesch.; γρ. παλαιή Od.; γραῦς γυνή Eur.
2. scum, as of boiled milk, Ar.
1. to lame, Il.; γυιωθείς lame, Hes.
1. naked, unclad, Od., etc.
2. unarmed, Il., etc.:— τὰ γυμνά the parts not covered by armour, the exposed parts, Thuc., Xen.: esp. the right side (the left being covered by the shields), Thuc.
3. of things, γυμνὸν τόξον an uncovered bow, i. e. taken out of the case, Od.
4. c. gen. stripped of a thing, Hdt., Aesch.
5. in common language γυμνός meant lightly clad, i. e. in the tunic only (χιτών), without the mantle (ἱμάτιον), Lat. nudus, Hes., Xen.
6. bare, mere, NTest.
1. to strip naked, Soph.; τὰ ὀςτέα τῶν κρεῶν γ. to strip the bones of their flesh, Hdt.:—in Pass., of warriors, to be left naked or exposed, Hom.; so, τεῖχος ἐγυμνώθη the wall was left bare, i. e. defenceless, Il.: but also to strip oneself naked or to be stript naked, Od.; c. gen., ἐγυμνώθη ῥακέων he stript himself of his rags, id=Od.; so later, γυμνωθὲν ξίφος Hdt.
1. a woman, Lat. femina, opp. to man, Hom., etc.; with a second Subst., γυνὴ ταμίη housekeeper, δέςποινα γ., δμωαὶ γυναῖκες, etc., id=Hom.:—in voc. often as a term of respect, mistress, lady, Theocr.:— πρὸς γυναικός like a woman, Aesch.
2. a wife, spouse, opp. to παρθένος, Hom., Xen.
3. a mortal woman, opp to a goddess, Hom.
1. mad for women, Il.
1. a limb, Hom., in pl., γυῖα λέλυντο, τρόμος or κάματος λάβε γυῖα, so Trag.; γυῖα ποδῶν the feet, Il.; γυῖα the hands, Theocr.; and γυῖον in sg. the hand, id=Theocr.
1. like γονή, that which is begotten, offspring, a child, Il., Hdt.; ὁ Πηλέως γ. his son, Soph.
2. any product, of the silver mines at Laureion, Aesch.; of tribute, Ar.
3. ἐς ἔρςενα γόνον to any of the male sex, Hdt.
4. like γένος, one's race, stock, descent, Od.
1. the knee, Lat. genu, Hom., etc.
2. ἅψαςθαι γούνων to clasp the knees as a suppliant, Il.; so ἑλεῖν, λαβεῖν, γούνων id=Il.; τῶν γουνάτων λαβέςθαι Hdt.; περὶ or ἀμφὶ γούναςί τινος χεῖρας βαλεῖν Od.; ἀμφὶ γόνυ τινὸς πίπτειν Eur.; γούνων λίςςεςθαι to supplicate by [clasping] the knees, Hom.; ἄντεςθαι or λίςςεςθαι πρὸς τῶν γονάτων Eur.
3. of a sitting posture, γόνυ κάμψειν bend the knee so as to sit down, Il.:— ἐπὶ γούναςι on one's knees, of a child, id=Il.; πέπλον θεῖναι Ἀθηναίης ἐπὶ γούναςιν to lay it on her lap (as an offering), id=Il.; metaph., θεῶν ἐν γούναςι κεῖται, i. e. rests on their will and pleasure, Hom.
4. the knees are in Hom. the seat of strength; hence, γούνατά τινος λύειν to weaken, lame, kill him, Il.: also, metaph., ἐς γόνυ βάλλειν to bring down upon the knee, i. e. to humble, conquer, Hdt.
5. proverb., ἀπωτέρω ἢ γόνυ κνήμη "Charity begins at home, " Theocr.
6. the knee or joint of grasses, such as the cane, Lat. geniculum, Hdt., Xen.
1. weeping, wailing, groaning, howling, mourning, lamentation, Hom., Trag.
1. a hollow, as of the cuirass (θώρηξ), which was composed of a back-piece and breast-piece, called γύαλα, joined at the sides by clasps or buckles (πόρπαι, περόναι), Il.
2. the hollow of a vessel or a hollow vessel, Eur.
3. the hollow of a rock, Soph.: a cavern, grotto, Eur.
4. in pl., vales, dales, dells, Hes., Eur.
1. a vulture, Il.; cf. αἰγυπιός.
1. earth opp. to heaven, or land opp. to sea, Hom., etc.; κατὰ γῆν on land, by land, Thuc.; κατὰ γῆς Xen.:— ἐπὶ γῆς on earth, Soph.; κατὰ γῆς below the earth, Trag.:—the gen. with local adverbs, ἵνα γῆς, ποῦ γῆς, ubi terrarum, where in (in what quarter of) the world, where on earth, Soph., etc.
2. earth, as an element, opp. to air, water, fire, Plat.
3. a land, country, Aesch., etc.; γῆν πρὸ γῆς from land to land, id=Aesch.
4. the earth or ground as tilled, Soph., Plat.
5. a lump of earth, in the phrase γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ αἰτεῖν, γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ διδόναι, in token of submission, Hdt.
1. old age, Lat. senectus, Hom., etc.
1. voice, speech, Il., Soph., Eur.
1. hostile, destructive, dreadful, epith. of πῦρ, burning, consuming, Il., Trag.:— δάϊοι, δᾶιοι enemies, Aesch., Soph.; in sg. an enemy, Ar.; hence as adj. hostile, id=Ar.
2. unhappy, wretched, Trag.
3. knowing, cunning, Anth.
1. war, battle, Hom., Aesch.
1. to bite, of dogs, Il.; ςτόμιον δ. to champ the bit, Aesch.; χεῖλος ὀδοῦςι δακών, as a mark of determination, Tyrtae.; δ. ἑαυτόν to bite one's lips for fear of laughing, Ar.
2. metaph. of pungent smoke and dust, to sting or prick the eyes, Ar.
3. of the mind, to bite or sting, δάκε φρένας μῦθος Il.; ἔδακε ἡ λύπη Hdt.; so in Trag.: —Pass., of love, δηχθεῖςα Eur.; καρδίαν δέδηγμαι I was stung, vexed at heart, Ar.
1. a tear, Hom., Hdt., attic, etc.
2. anything like tears, gum, Hdt.
3. = da/kruma *i, Anth.
1. a wife, spouse, Il., Trag.
1. Il.:—Mid., Hom.:—Pass., ὑφ̆ Ἕκτορι δάμνατο Il.
1. a firebrand, torch, Hom.
1. any level surface: the floor of a chamber, Il., Hdt., Xen.; also, γῆς δάπεδον Ar.; and absol. the ground, Od.: pl. plains, Pind., Eur.
1. to devour, as wild beasts, Il.; of fire, id=Il.; of a spear, to rend, id=Il.: metaph., δάπτει τὸ μὴ ̆νδικον injustice gnaws the heart, Soph.; δάπτομαι κέαρ Aesch.
1. thick-shaded, bushy, Od., Eur.; of a beard, Aesch., Soph.
1. an old Root, δα to learn, Lat. disco, which becomes Causal, to teach, Lat. doceo, in redupl. aor2 δέδαε and in διδάςκω:
2. to learn, and in perf., to know; c. gen. pers. to learn from one, Od.; c. gen. rei, to hear tidings of a thing, Il. From de/daa again is formed a pres. mid. inf. δεδάαςθαι, to search out, c. acc., Od.—The pres. in this sense is διδάςκομαι.
3. Causal, in redupl. aor. 2 δέδαον, c. dupl. acc. to teach a person a thing, Od.; c. inf. to teach one to do a thing, id=Od.—The pres. in this sense is διδάςκω.
1. but: conjunctive Particle, with adversative force: it commonly answers to μέν, and may often be rendered by while, whereas, on the other hand, v. me/n:— but μέν is often omitted, δέ being used merely to pass on from one thing to another; ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβηςεν, θάμβηςαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι Il.; etc.; κινεῖ κραδίην κινεῖ δὲ χόλον Eur.
2. δέ is often redundant,
3. to introduce the apodosis, where it may be rendered by then, yet, εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωςιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they will not give it, then I will take it, Il.; so at in Lat., si tu oblitus es, at Dii meminerint Catull.
4. to resume after interruption caused by a parenthesis, where it may be rendered by I say, now, so then, Hdt.
5. POSITION of δέ: properly second, being often put between the Art. and Subst., the prep. and case.
1. ten, Lat. decem, Hom., etc.: —οἱ δέκα the Ten, Oratt.: οἱ δέκα [ἔτη] ἀφ̆ ἥβης those who are ten years past 20 (the age of military service), Xen.
1. tenth, Hom., etc.
2. δεκάτη, sc. μερίς the tenth part, tithe, Hdt., etc.
3. δεκάτη (sc. ἡμέρα), the tenth day, Hom.; at Athens, the tenth day after birth, when the child has a name given it, τὴν δ. θύειν to give a naming-day feast, Ar.; τὴν δ. ἑςτιᾶςαι ὑπὲρ τοῦ υἱοῦ Dem.
1. the frame of man, the body, Hom.; rarely of other animals, Od.; properly the living body. — Hom. uses it only in acc. sg., absol., μικρὸς δέμας small in stature; ἄριςτος δέμας, δέμας ἀθανάτοιςι ἔοικε, etc.
2. in Trag. as a periphrasis, like κάρα, κτανεῖν μητρῷον δ. Aesch.; hράκλειον δ. Eur.; Δαματρὸς ἀκτᾶς δ., i. e. bread, id=Eur.
3. as adv., δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο in form or fashion like burning fire, Lat. instar ignis, Il.
1. mostly in pl. δέμνια, the bedstead or matrass, Hom.
2. generally, a bed, bedding, Od., etc.
1. to build, Il., etc.:—Mid., ἐδείματο οἴκους he built him houses, Od.:—generally, to construct, δ. ἀλωήν Hhymn.; δ. ὁδόν, ἁμαξιτόν, Lat. munire viam, Hdt.
1. a tree, mostly in pl., Hom., Hes., Hdt.
1. fear, alarm, affright, Hom., etc.; τεθνάναι τῶι δέει τινά to be dead afraid of a person, Dem.
2. awe, reverence, Aesch.
3. reason for fear, Il.: a means of inspiring fear, Thuc.
1. a beaker, goblet, chalice, Hom.
1. to see clearly, see, Hom.; δεδορκώς having sight, opp. to τυφλός, Soph.:—hence to be alive, living, Hom., Trag.:—like βλέπω with a neut. adj., δεινόν, ςμερδαλέον δ. to look terrible, Hom., etc.; c. acc. cogn., πῦρ δεδορκώς flashing fire from the eyes, Od.; Ἄρη δεδορκότων Aesch.; ςκότον δεδ. blind, Eur.
2. c. acc. to look on or at, Hom., Aesch.:—so, δ. εἴς τινα Eur.; κατά τι Aesch.: generally, to perceive, κτύπον δέδορκα id=Aesch.
1. the skin, hide, of beasts, Lat. pellis, Hom., etc.; δέρμα κελαινόν, of a shield, Il.:—also of skins prepared for bags or bottles, Od.; of a man's skin stript off, Il., Hdt.
2. later, one's skin, Lat. cutis, περὶ τῶι δέρματι δεδοικέναι Ar.: the shell of a tortoise, id=Ar.
1. to skin, flay, of animals, Hom., etc.:— ἀςκὸν δεδάρθαι to have one's skin flayed off, Solon; so, δερῶ ςε θύλακον I will make a purse of your skin, Ar.
2. also (like the slang words to tan or hide) to cudgel, thrash, id=Ar.
1. poet. for δεςμός, a bond, fetter, Od.
2. a head-band, Il.
1. of things as the object, to take, accept, receive what is offered, Lat. accipere, Hom., etc.:— δ. τί τινι to receive something at the hand of another, Il.; also τί τινος id=Il.; τι παρά τινος Hom.; τι ἔκ τινος Soph.:—but also, δ. τί τινος to receive in exchange for . . , χρυςὸν φίλου ἀνδρὸς ἐδέξατο Od.:—also, μᾶλλον δ., c. inf., to take rather, to choose to do or be, Xen.; and without μᾶλλον, οὐδεὶς ἂν δέξαιτο φεύγειν Thuc.
2. to accept graciously, Il.; δ. τὸν οἰωνόν to accept, hail the omen, Hdt., etc.:— to accept or approve, τοὺς λόγους, τὴν ξυμμαχίην id=Hdt., Thuc.
3. simply to give ear to, hear, Lat. accipere, Eur., Thuc.
4. to take or regard as so and so, μηδὲ ςυμφορὰν δέχου τὸν ἄνδρα Soph.
5. of persons, to receive hospitably, entertain, Hom., attic
6. to greet, worship, Il.; δ. τινα ξύμμαχον to accept as an ally, Thuc.
7. to receive as an enemy, to await the attack of, Lat. excipere, Il.; of a hunter waiting for game or a wild boar waiting for the hunters, id=Il.; τοὺς πολεμίους δ. Hdt., etc.
8. to expect, c. acc. et inf. fut., Od.: or c. acc. to wait for, id=Od.; μηδὲ ςυμφορὰν δέχου τὸν ἄνδρα do not expect him to be . . , Soph.
9. absol. to succeed, come next, δέχεται κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ Il.; ἄλλος δ̆ ἐξ ἄλλου δέχεται ἆθλος Hes.; of places, Ἀρτεμίςιον δέκεται Hdt.
1. to lack, miss, stand in need of a person or thing, c. gen., Il., Xen.:— πολλοῦ δέω I want much, i. e. am far from, c. inf., πολλοῦ δέω ἀπολογεῖςθαι I am far from defending myself, Plat.; μικροῦ ἔδεον εἶναι Xen.; and absol., πολλοῦ γε δέω far from it, Plat.; τοῦ παντὸς δέω Aesch.; v. dei= II:—so in partic., δυοῖν δέοντα τεςςεράκοντα forty lacking two, thirty-eight, Hdt.; ἑνὸς δέον εἰκοςτὸν ἔτος the 20th year save one, the 19th, Thuc.
2. as Dep. δέομαι: fut. δεήςομαι: aor1 ἐδεήθην:
3. to be in want or need, κάρτα δεόμενος Hdt.:— to stand in need of a person or thing, c. gen., id=Hdt., Soph.; οὐδὲν δέομαί τινος I have no need of him, Thuc.: c. inf., τοῦτο ἔτι δέομαι μαθεῖν Plat.
4. to ask for a thing from a person, c. dupl. gen. rei et pers., Hdt., Thuc.; also, τοῦτο δέομαι ὑμῶν Plat.; and c. acc. cogn., δέημα or δέηςιν δεῖςθαί τινος Ar., etc., rarely with gen. pers. only, δεηθεὶς ὑμῶν having begged a favour of you, Dem.:—c. gen. pers. et inf. to beg a person to do, Hdt., Plat.
1. Particle used to give greater exactness, to the word or words which it influences (prob. a shortened form of ἤδη, Lat. jam) now, in truth, indeed, surely, really.
2. Usage of δή with single words:
3. after Adjectives, οἶος δή, μόνος δή, all alone, Od., etc.; esp. such as imply magnitude, μέγας δή, μικρὸς δή, etc.; often with Superlatives, μέγιςτος δή, κράτιςτος δή quite the greatest, confessedly the best, Thuc.; so with Numerals, ὀκτώ δὴ προέηκα ὀϊςτούς I have shot full eight arrows, Il.; εἷς δή one only, Eur., etc.
4. after Adverbs, πολλάκις δή many times and oft, often ere now, Lat. jam saepe, Il.; ὀψὲ δὲ δή quite late, id=Il.; νῦν δή even now, now first, now at length, Xen., etc.:— τότε δή at that very time, Thuc.; αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα on the very spot, Plat.; also, ναὶ δή yea verily, Il.; οὐ δή surely not, Soph.
5. with Verbs, δὴ γὰρ ἴδον ὀφθαλμοῖςι for verily I saw him, Il.
6. with Substantives, ἐς δὴ τὸ Ἄργος τοῦτο . . well to this A. they came, Hdt.; τέλος δή its complete end, Aesch.; ironically, Lat. scilicet, εἰςήγαγε τὰς ἑταιρίδας δή the pretended courtesans, Xen.
7. with Pronouns, to mark strongly, ἐμὲ δή a man like me, Hdt.; ςὺ δή you of all persons, id=Hdt.; οὗτος δή this and no other, id=Hdt.; ὅς δή who plainly, Il.:—with indef. Pronouns, ἄλλοι δή others be they who they may, id=Il.; δή τις some one or other, Lat. nescio quis, Plat.; δή τι in any way, whatever it be, Il., Hdt.
8. in reference to whole clauses:
9. to continue a narrative, so then, so, τότε μὲν δὴ ἡςυχίην εἶχε Hdt.; in summing up, τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα, Lat. haec hactenus, Aesch.
10. in inferences, Hdt., etc.; esp. to express what is unexpected, καὶ ςὺ δή so then you too! Aesch.
11. with Imperat. and Subj., ἐννοεῖτε γὰρ δή for do but consider, Xen.; so, ἄγε δή, φέρε δή, ἴθι δή, ςκόπει δή, etc.
12. γε δή to express what follows a fortiori, μετὰ ὅπλων γε δή above all with arms, Thuc.; μή τί γε δή not to mention that, Dem.
13. καὶ δή and what is more, Il.: so, ἐς Αἴγυπτον ἀπίκετο, καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐς Σάρδις he came to Egypt, and what is more to Sardis also, Hdt.; ἰςχὺς καὶ κάλλος καὶ πλοῦτος δή and above all riches, Plat.
14. καὶ δή is also in answers, βλέψον κάτω. Answ. καὶ δὴ βλέπω, well, I am looking, Ar.
15. in assumptions, καὶ δὴ δέδεγμαι and now suppose I have accepted, Aesch.
1. belonging to the people, public, Od.; αἰςυμνῆται δ. judges elected by the people, id=Od.; neut. pl. as adv., δήμια πίνειν at the public cost, Il.
2. ὁ δήμιος (sc. δοῦλος), the public executioner, Plat., etc.
1. long, for a long while, Lat. diu, Il.; οὐ δὴν ἦν he was not long-lived, id=Il.
2. long ago, Od.
3. of Place, far, much, δὴν χάζετο Il.
1. to bind, fetter, Hom.
1. double, twofold, twain, Hom., attic; διδύμη ἅλς, i. e. the Pontus and Bosporus, Soph.
2. twin, id=Soph., Eur.:—as Subst., δίδυμοι twins, Il., Hdt.; also δίδυμα, τά, id=Hdt.
1. Orig. sense, to give, τί τινι Hom., etc.; in pres. and imperf. to be ready to give, to offer, id=Hom.
2. of the gods, to grant, κῦδος, νίκην, and of evils, δ. ἄλγεα, ἄτας, κήδεα id=Hom.; later, εὖ διδόναι τινί to provide well for . . , Soph., Eur.
3. to offer to the gods, Hom., etc.
4. with an inf. added, δῶκε τεύχεα θεράποντι φορῆναι gave him the arms to carry, Il.; διδοῖ πιεῖν gives to drink, Hdt., etc.
5. Prose phrases, δ. ὅρκον, opp. to λαμβάνειν, to tender an oath; δ. χάριν, ͂ χαρίζεςθαι, as ὀργῆι χάριν δούς having indulged his anger, Soph.;— λόγον τινὶ δ. to give one leave to speak, Xen.; but, δ. λόγον ἑαυτῶι to deliberate, Hdt.
6. c. acc. pers. to give over, deliver up, Hom., etc.
7. of parents, to give their daughter to wife, id=Hom.
8. in attic, διδόναι τινά τινι to grant any one to entreaties, pardon him, Xen.:— διδόναι τινί τι to forgive one a thing, remit its punishment, Eur., Dem.
9. διδόναι ἑαυτόν τινι to give oneself up, Hdt., etc.
10. δ.δίκην, v. di/kh IV. 3.
11. in vows and prayers, c. acc. pers. et inf. to grant, allow, bring about that, Hom., Trag.
12. seemingly intr. to give oneself up, devote oneself, τινί Eur.
1. to flee, speed, πεδίοιο over the plain, Il.; δίεςθαι to hasten away, id=Il.
2. to fear, c. inf., Aesch.
1. Dep.
2. to seek out, look for, τινά Il.
3. to seek for, seek after a thing, Od.; ἐέδνοιςιν διζήμενος seeking to win her by gifts, id=Od.; δ. τὸ μαντήϊον to seek out, seek the meaning of, Hdt.; ἀγγέλους δ. εἰ . . to inquire of them whether . . , id=Hdt.:—c. inf. to seek, desire to do, id=Hdt.; c. acc. et inf. to demand or require that, id=Hdt.
1. double-yoked, ἵπποι Il.: double, Anth.
1. to be in doubt, at a loss, Il., Orac. ap. Hdt. (Prob. from the same Root as δίς; — but)
2. Mid. δίζομαι, ͂ δίζημαι, Theocr., Bion.
1. in Hom. and early writers,
2. of persons, observant of custom and social rule, well-ordered, civilised, Od.; so, δικαίη ζόη a regular way of living, Hdt.:—adv., δικαίως μνᾶςθαι to woo in due form, decently, Od.
3. observant of right, righteous, Hom., etc.:—so of actions, in accordance with right, righteous, id=Hom.
4. later usage:
5. of things, even, well-balanced, ἅρμα δίκαιον Xen.:— regular, exact, rigid, ὀργυιαὶ δίκαιαι Hdt.; τῷ δικαιοτάτῳ τῶν λόγων to speak quite exactly, id=Hdt.; πάντα δικαίως τετήρηται Dem.
6. right, lawful, just, τὸ δίκαιον right, opp. to τὸ ἄδικον, Hdt., etc.; also, a right, a lawful claim, Thuc., etc.:—adv. -ws, rightly, justly, Hdt., etc.
7. of persons, as well as things, like Lat. justus, meet, right, fitting, Aesch.; ἵππον δ. ποιεῖςθαί τινι to make a horse fit for another's use, Xen.
8. real, genuine, true, Dem., ςυγγραφεύς Luc.:—adv. -ws, really and truly, Soph.
9. fair, moderate, like μέτριος, Thuc.: —δικαίως with reason, Soph., Thuc.
10. in Prose, δίκαιός εἰμι with inf., δίκαιοί ἐςτε ἰέναι you are bound to come, Hdt.; δ. εἰμι κολάζειν I have a right to punish, Ar.; δίκαιοί εἰςι ἀπιςτότατοι εἶναι they have reason to be most distrustful, Thuc.; δ. ἐςτιν ἀπολωλέναι dignus est qui pereat, Dem.:—we should say δίκαιόν ἐςτι, which also occurs.
1. custom, usage, αὕτη δίκη ἐςτὶ βροτῶν this is the custom of mortals, Od.; ἡ γὰρ δίκη ἐςτι γερόντων id=Od.:—acc. δίκην as adv., after the manner of, c. gen., δίκην ὕδατος Aesch., Plat.
2. right as dependent on custom, law, right, Hom., etc.
3. δίκη ἐςτι, like δίκαιόν ἐςτι, Aesch.: —δίκῃ duly, rightly, Il., Trag.; κατὰ δίκην Hdt.; μετὰ δίκης Plat.; πρὸς δίκης Soph.
4. a judgment, δίκην εἰπεῖν to give judgment, Il.: pl. righteous judgments, Hom.
5. after Hom., a lawsuit, properly, a private suit or action, opp. to γραφή (a public suit or indictment), Plat., etc.
6. the trial of the case, πρὸ δίκης Thuc.
7. the penalty awarded by the judge, δίκην τίνειν, ἐκτίνειν Hdt., Soph.; δίκην or δίκας διδόναι to make amends, suffer punishment, Lat. poenas dare, Hdt., attic; δίκας δοῦναι, also, to submit to trial, Thuc.: —δίκας λαμβάνειν is sometimes = d. dido/nai, Lat. dare poenas, Hdt., Dem.; but also like Lat. sumere poenas, to inflict punishment, take vengeance, λαβεῖν δίκην παρά τινος id=Dem.:—also, δίκας or δίκην ὑπέχειν to stand trial, Hdt., Soph.; δίκην παρέχειν Eur.: —δίκην ὀφλεῖν ὑπό τινος to incur penalty, Plat.; δίκην φεύγειν to be the defendant in the trial (opp. to διώκειν to prosecute), Dem.: —δίκας αἰτέειν to demand satisfaction, τινός for a thing, Hdt.; δίκην τίςαςθαι, v. ti/nw II: —δίκας διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν παρ̆ ἀλλήλων to have their causes tried, of subject-states whose causes were tried in the courts of the ruling state, id=Hdt.
1. a whirlpool, eddy, Lat. vortex, Il., etc.
2. a whirlwind, Ar.
3. generally, a whirling, rotation, id=Ar., Plat.: metaph., ἀνάγκης δίναι Aesch.
1. twofold, double, in double folds, Il.
2. as Subst., δίπλαξ, a double-folded mantle, Hom.
3. in pl. ship-planks (doubled one over the one below), Aesch.
1. double-folded, doubled, Od.; δ. δελτίον a pair of tablets, Hdt.:—neut. pl. as adv., δίπτυχα ποιήςαντες [τὴν κνῖςαν], having doubled the fat, i. e. putting one layer of fat under the thighs (μηροί) and another over them, Il.,
2. twofold, Lat. geminus, Eur.: and in pl. = dissoi/, two, id=Eur.
1. a sort of quoit, made of stone, Od.
2. anything quoit-shaped, a trencher, Anth.:— a mirror, id=Anth.
1. a quoit's cast, as a measure of distance, Il.
1. the chariot-board, on which two could stand, the drive (ἡνίοχος) and the combatant (παραιβάτης), Hom.
2. the war-chariot itself, Il.:—in Od. a travelling-chariot.
3. a seat, chair, stool, Hom., attic
1. adv. in two, asunder, Od., etc.:—generally, apart, aloof, Hdt., etc.
2. metaph. in two ways, at variance or in doubt, Hom., etc.
3. prep. with gen. apart from, Aesch., Soph.:— differently from, unlike, id=Soph.; τοῦ ἑτέρου from the other, Thuc.
4. πόλεως δ. against the will of, Soph.
5. besides, except, like χωρίς, Aesch.
1. thirst, Il., etc.; ποτοῦ for drink, Plat.
1. to run away, take to flight, flee, like δίεμαι Il.
2. to be afraid, δίε ποιμένι λαῶν μήτι πάθηι id=Il.
3. Causal in Mid., subj. δίωμαι, δίηται, δίωνται, opt. δίοιτο, inf. δίεςθαι, to drive away, chase, put to flight, Hom., Aesch.:—simply to drive horses, Il.
4. to pursue, give chase, ἐπί τινα Aesch.: δ. λάχος to pursue, discharge an office, id=Aesch.
1. knowing, experienced in a thing, ἔν τινι Il.; c. gen., Od.:— δαημονέςτατος Xen.
1. a husband's brother, brother, in-law, Lat. levir, answering to the fem. γάλως, Il.
1. colloquial form of δή used after interrogatives, τί δαὶ λέγεις ςύ; Ar.; τί δαί; what? how? id=Ar., Plat.
1. cunningly or curiously wrought, Aesch.: in Hom. only in neut. as Subst., δαίδαλα πάντα all cunning works, Il.; so in sg., Od.
2. as prop. n., Δαίδαλος, ὁ, Daedalus, i. e. the cunning worker, the artist, from Cnosus in Crete, contemporary with Minos, mentioned in Il. as maker of a χορός for Ariadne.
1. to cleave asunder, cleave, Hom., Aesch.
2. to slay, smite, Il., Aesch.
3. to rend, tear, χερςὶ κόμην ἤιςχυνε δαί̈ζων Il.:—Pass., χαλκῷ δεδαϊγμένος id=Il.; δεδαϊγμένος ἦτορ through the heart, id=Il.; δεδαϊγμένον ἦτορ a heart torn by misery, Od.; δαϊχθείς Pind., Eur.
4. simply, to divide, ἐδαί̈ζετο θυμὸς ἐνὶ ςτήθεςςιν his soul was divided within him, i. e. was in doubt, Il.; δαϊζόμενος κατὰ θυμὸν διχθάδια divided or doubting between two opinions, id=Il.
1. a god, goddess, like θεός, θεά, Hom., Trag., etc.:—in Hom. also deity or divine power (θεός denotes a god in person), Lat. numen; πρὸς δαίμονα against the divine power; ςὺν δαίμονι with it, by its favour, Il.:—so, κατὰ δαίμονα, nearly = tu/xhi, by chance, Hdt.; ἐν τῶι δ. ͂ θεῶν ἐν γούναςι, Soph.
2. one's daemon or genius, one's lot or fortune, ςτυγερὸς δαίμων Od.; δαίμονος αἶςα κακή id=Od.: absol. good or ill fortune, Trag.; esp. of the evil genius of a family, Aesch.
3. δαίμονες, in Hes., are the souls of men of the golden age, forming the link between gods and men:—later, of any departed souls, Lat. manes, lemures, Luc.
4. in NTest. an evil spirit, a demon, devil.
1. to divide :—to give a banquet or feast, δαίνυ δαῖτα γέρουςι Il.; δ. γάμον to give a marriage-feast, Hom.; δ. τάφον to give a funeral feast, id=Hom.
2. c. acc. pers. to feast one, Hdt.; ζῶν μὲ δαίςεις thou shalt be my living feast, Aesch.
3. Mid. to have a feast given one, to feast, Hom., Hdt.
4. c. acc. to feast on, consume, eat, id=Hdt.; μίαν δ. τράπεζαν to eat at a common table, Theocr.:— also of poison, to consume, Soph.
1. often in Hom., who calls the usual meal δαὶς ἐί̈ςη, equally divided; Θυέςτου δαῖτα παιδείων κρεῶν the feast of Thyestes on the flesh of his children, Aesch.; in pl., Od.
2. of the meat or food itself, Eur.
1. poet. for δαίς, a feast, banquet, Il.
1. in Il., mostly, of warriors; in Od., of Ulysses. In the first case (from da/i+s battle, φρήν) of warlike mind, warlike;— in the second (from *δάω, φρήν) wise of mind, prudent. Others take *δάω as the Root in all cases, and translate skilful, proved.
1. to divide; for the Act., δαί̈ζω is used:— Pass., δαίεται ἦτορ Od.; epic 3rd pl. perf., διχθὰ δεδαίαται are divided in two, id=Od.:—Mid. to distribute, κρέα id=Od.—The aor1 ἔδαιςα, ἐδαιςάμην belong to δαίνυμι; fut. δάςομαι, aor1 ἐδαςάμην to δατέομαι.
1. cunningly or curiously wrought, of work in metal or wood, Hom.; of embroidery, Hes., Eur.
2. cunning, of the artificer's skill, Anth.
1. to work cunningly, deck or inlay with curious arts, to embellish, Hom.:—Pass., perf. part. δεδαιδαλμένος, Pind.
1. of or belonging to a δαίμων:
2. voc. δαιμόνιε, δαιμονίη, mostly in the way of reproach, thou luckless wight! thou wretch! sirrah! madam! Il.;—more rarely by way of admiration, noble sir! excellent man! id=Il., Hes.; also by way of pity, poor wretch! so in Hdt., δαιμόνιε ἀνδρῶν; also in an iron. sense, my good fellow! good sir! ὦ δαιμόνῐ ἀνδρῶν, ὦ δαιμόνῐ, ὦ δαιμόνῐ ἀνθρώπων Ar., Plat.
3. anything proceeding from the Deity, heaven-sent, divine, miraculous, Hdt., attic; εἰ μή τι δαιμόνιον εἴη were it not a divine intervention, Xen.; τὰ δαιμόνια visitations of Heaven, Thuc.
4. of persons, divine, excellent, Plat.
5. adv. -ws, by Divine power, marvellously, Ar.:—so neut. pl. δαιμόνια id=Ar., Xen.; δαιμονιώτατα most clearly by the hand of the gods, id=Xen.
1. to cut up meat, cut into joints or to carve, Od.: to cut up for distribution among the people, Il.
1. one's portion, δαιτρὸν πίνειν Il.
1. a meal, Il.
1. of persons, tearful, much-weeping, Hom.; δακρυόεν γελάςαι, as adv., to smile through tears, Il.
2. of things, tearful, causing tears, πόλεμος, μάχη id=Il.
1. intr. to weep, shed tears, Hom., etc.; c. acc. cogn., δ. γόους to lament with tears, Soph.: c. gen. causae, to weep for a thing, Eur.:—also, δ. βλέφαρα to flood them with tears, id=Eur.:—so perf. pass. to be tearful, be all in tears, Il.
2. of trees (cf. δάκρυον), Luc.
3. c. acc. to weep for, lament, Aesch., Soph., etc.:—Pass. to be wept for, Aesch., Eur.
1. to overpower:
2. of animals, to tame, break in, to bring under the yoke: Mid. to do so for oneself, Hom., Xen.
3. of maidens, to make subject to a husband, Il.: Pass. to be forced or seduced, Hom.
4. to subdue or conquer, id=Hom.: Pass. to be subject to another, id=Hom.: (hence δμώς, δμωή).
5. to strike dead, kill, Od.
6. of wine and the like, to overcome, overpower, Hom.: Pass. to be overcome, δεδμημένοι ὕπνωι Il.; οἱ δμαθέντες the dead, Eur.
1. one who tames, Anth.
1. Il.: κτήματα δαρδάπτουςιν they devour one's patrimony, Od.
1. a division, distribution, sharing of spoil, Il., Hhymn.
2. in attic an impost, tribute, ἀοιδοῦ δ. tribute paid to her, Soph.; δαςμὸν τίνειν id=Soph.; δαςμὸν φέρειν, ἀποφέρειν, ἀποδιδόναι Xen.
1. to divide among themselves, τὰ μὲν εὖ δάςςαντο μετὰ ςφιςίν Il.; ἄνδιχα πάντα δάςαςθαι Hom.; μένος Ἄρηος δατέονται they share, i. e. are alike filled with, the spirit of Ares, Il.; of persons at a banquet, κρέα δατεῦντο Od.; διδόναι τινα κυςὶ δάςαςθαι to tear in pieces, Il.
2. [ἡμίονοι] χθόνα ποςςὶ δατεῦντο measured the ground with their feet, Lat. carpebant viam pedibus, id=Il.
3. to cut in two, id=Il.
4. simply, to divide, to divide or give to others, Hdt.:—perf. in pass. sense, to be divided, Il., Hdt., Eur.
1. of savage animals, blood-red, tawny, δαφοινὸν δέρμα λέοντος Il.; δράκων ἐπὶ νῶτα δαφοινός id=Il.: the form δαφοινεός bears the same sense, εἷμα δαφοινεὸν αἵματι red with blood, id=Il.; δαφοινὸς ἀετός Aesch., etc.
2. metaph. savage, cruel, Hhymn., Aesch.
1. to fear, absol., Hom., etc.; foll. by a prep., δ. περί τινι to be alarmed, anxious about . . , Il., attic; ἀμφί τινι, περί τινος, ὑπέρ τινος id=Il.:—followed by a relat. clause with μή . . , Lat. vereor ne . . , I fear it is . . , followed by subj.; rarely by ind., δείδω μὴ νημερτέα εἶπεν Od.; δ. μὴ οὐ . . , Lat. vereor ut . . , I fear it is not . . , foll. by subj., Hdt., etc.
2. c. inf. to fear to do, Il., Thuc.
3. c. acc. to fear, dread, Hom., etc.
4. τὸ δεδιός, one's fearing, = de/os, Thuc.
1. of or belonging to evening, δείελον ἦμαρ eventide, Od., Theocr.
2. as Subst. (sub. χρόνος), late evening, εἰςόκεν ἔλθηι δείελος Il.
1. to bring to light, display, exhibit, Od., etc.:—Mid. to set before one, Il.
2. to shew, point out, id=Il., Soph.:—absol., αὐτὸ δείξει experiment will shew, Plat.; so, δείξει alone, Ar.
3. to point out by words, to tell, explain, teach, Lat. indicare, ὁδόν Od., etc.:— to shew, prove, with part., ἔδειξαν ἕτοιμοι ὄντες shewed that they were ready, Thuc.
4. of accusers, to inform against, τινά Ar.
5. to offer, proffer, τὰ πιςτά Aesch.: to cause, πήματα id=Aesch.
6. in Mid., like δειδίςκομαι, δεξιόομαι, to welcome, greet, τὼ καὶ δεικνύμενος προςέφη Hom.: —so also in perf. and plup. pass., δείδεκτ̆ Ἀχιλῆα he pledged him, drank to him, Il.; τοὺς μὲν κυπέλλοις δειδέχατο id=Il.; δειδέχαται μύθοιςι Od.
1. afternoon, ἔςςεται ἢ ἠὼς ἢ δείλη ἢ μέςον ἦμαρ Il.; divided into early and late (πρωί̈α and ὀψία), περὶ δείλην πρωί̈ην, or δείλης ὀψίης Hdt.; τῆς δείλης in the course of the afternoon, Xen.
2. the late afternoon, evening, id=Xen.
1. irreg. partic. of δέχομαι (Ionic δέχομαι), in act. sense, waiting, lying in wait, Il., Hes.;—not to be confounded with attic δεδόκημαι from doke/w.
1. fearful, cowardly, Il.
1. Dep.:—Causal of δείδω, to frighten, alarm, μὴ δειδίςςεο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν Il.; Ἕκτορα ἀπὸ νεκροῦ δειδίξαςθαι to scare him from the corpse, id=Il.; οὔ ςε ἔοικε δειδίςςεςθαι it beseems not to attempt to frighten thee, id=Il.:—c. inf., φευγέμεν δειδίςςετο Theocr.:—in attic form, Plat., Dem.
1. to point out, shew, in ionic imperf. δεικανάαςκεν Theocr.
2. Hom. uses it only in Mid. = deidi/skomai, to salute, greet, δεικανόωντ̆ ἐπέεςςιν Od.; δεικανόωντο δέπαςςι pledged him, Il.
1. of persons, cowardly, craven, Il.; hence, vile, worthless, id=Il.:— δειλός τινος afraid of . . , Anth.
2. miserable, luckless, wretched, Hom.; with a compassionate sense, like Lat. miser, δειλοὶ βροτοί poor mortals! ἆ δειλέ poor wretch! ἆ δειλοί poor wretches! id=Hom.
3. of things, miserable, wretched, Hes., Soph.
1. fearful, terrible, dread, dire, Hom., etc.; δεινὸν ἀϋτεῖν, βροντᾶν to shout, thunder terribly, Il.; δεινὸν δέρκεςθαι, παπταίνειν, ἰδεῖν to look terrible, Hom.; but, δεινὸς ἰδέςθαι fearful to behold, Od.; δεινὸς μὲν ὁρᾶν, δεινὸς δὲ κλύειν Soph.:— τὸ δεινόν danger, suffering, awe, terror, Hdt., Aesch., etc.; so, τὰ δεινά Soph., etc.:— οὐδὲν δεινοί, μὴ ἀποςτέωςιν no fear of their revolting, Hdt.:— δεινὸν ποιεῖςθαι to take ill, complain of, be indignant at a thing, Lat. aegre ferre, id=Hdt., etc.; δεινὰ παθεῖν to suffer dreadful, illegal, arbitrary treatment, attic; so in adv., δεινῶς φέρειν Hdt.; δ. ἔχειν to be in straits, Xen.
2. with a notion of Force or Power, mighty, powerful, δεινὸν ςάκος the mighty shield, Il.
3. simply, wondrous, marvellous, strange, τὸ ςυγγενές τοι δεινόν kin has a strange power, Aesch.; δ. ἵμερος, ἔρως, δέος Hdt.; δεινὸν ἂν εἴη, εἰ . . , it were strange that . . , Eur.:—adv. -nw=s, marvellously, exceedingly, δ. μέλας, ἄνυδρος Hdt.
4. the sense of powerful, wondrous passed into that of able, clever, skilful, id=Hdt., attic; esp. of practical ability, opp. to ςοφός, Plat.: c. inf., δεινὸς εὑρεῖν clever at inventing, Aesch.; δεινὸς λέγειν Soph.; δεινὸς πράγμαςι χρῆςθαι Dem.: also c. acc., δεινὸς τὴν τέχνην Plat.; δ. περί τι or τινος id=Plat.
1. to make a meal, Hom.: in attic to take the chief meal, to dine, δ. τὸ ἄριςτον to make breakfast serve as dinner, Xen.
2. c. acc., δ. ἄρτον to make a meal on bread, Hes.; also, δ. ἀπό τινος Ar.
1. the neck, throat, Il., Hdt.; attic Trag.
1. to cut the throat of a person, behead, ςὺ δ̆ ἄμφω δειροτομήςεις Hom.
1. ten-times, Il.
1. a decad: a company of ten, Lat. decuria, Il., Hdt.
2. a bribed company of ten.
3. the number ten, Arist.
1. ten thousand, Il.; cf. ἐννεάχιλοι.
1. the dolphin, Hom., etc.
2. a mass of lead, prob. shaped like a dolphin, hung at the yard-arm, and suddenly let down on the decks of the enemy's ships, Ar.:—hence, κεραῖαι δελφινοφόροι beams with pulleys to let down the δελφίς, Thuc.
1. to turn the eyes or glance quickly, δενδίλλων ἐς ἕκαςτον Il.
1. the right hand, opp. to ἀριςτερά, Il.; ἐκ δεξιᾶς on the right, Ar.; ἐν δεξιᾶι ἔχειν τὰ οὔρεα to keep them on the right, as you go, Hdt.; ἐν δ. λαβεῖν τὴν Σικελίαν id=Hdt.; so, ἐν δ. ἐςπλέοντι on your right as you sail in, id=Hdt.; used in welcoming, δεξιὰν διδόναι to salute by offering the right hand, Ar.
2. the right hand given as a pledge or assurance, δεξιαὶ ἧις ἐπέπιθμεν Il.; δεξιὰς δόντες καὶ λαβόντες having exchanged assurances, made a treaty, Xen.; δεξιὰς παρὰ βαςιλέως φέρειν μή . . to bring pledges that he would not . . , id=Xen.—Though δεξιά is manifestly fem. of δεξιός, it is always used as a Subst. without χείρ; but δ. χείρ occurs in Soph., Eur., Ar.
1. right, the right, Hom.: δεξιτερή, like δεξιά (sub. χείρ), the right hand, Il.; epic dat. δεξιτερῆιφι id=Il.
1. on the right hand or side, Lat. dexter, opp. to ἀριςτερός, Hom., etc.; τὸ δ. (sc. κέρας) the right of an army, Xen.:—adverb. usages, ἐπὶ δεξιά on the right, Il.; ἐπὶ δεξιόφιν (epic gen.) towards the right, id=Il.; πρὸς δεξιά Hdt.
2. fortunate, boding good, of the flight of birds, δεξιὸς ὄρνις, ͂ αἴςιος, Hom. —This sense came from the Greek augurs looking to the North, so that lucky omens, which came from the East, were on the right, while the unlucky ones from the West were on the left.
3. metaph. dexterous, ready, opp. to ςκαιός (sinister, French gauche); and of the mind, sharp, shrewd, clever, Ar., Thuc., etc.:—adv., δεξιῶς; Sup. δεξιώτατα, Ar.
1. anything for binding, a band, bond, Hom., etc.: a halter, Il.: a mooring-cable, Od.: a door-latch, id=Od.; a yoke-strap, Xen.
2. in pl. bonds, fetters, Aesch., Thuc.: in sg., collectively, bonds, imprisonment, Hdt., etc.
1. sticks bound up, a fagot, torch, Il., Ar.
1. the last, Il.
1. second, being comp. of δύο:
2. in point of Order, of one who comes in second in a race, Il.: in attic with Art., ὁ δεύτερος Soph., etc.; αἱ δεύτεραι φροντίδες second thoughts, Eur.; proverb., τὸν δ. πλοῦν to try the next best way, Plat.
3. of Time, δευτέρηι ἡμέρηι on the next day, Hdt.: c. gen., ἐμεῖο δεύτερος after my time, Il.; δευτέρωι ἔτεϊ τούτων in the year after this, Hdt.: in neut. as adv., δεύτερον αὖ, δεύτερον αὖτις secondly, next, afterwards, a second time, Hom., attic; in Prose also δεύτερα:— with Art., τὸ δεύτερον Hdt., Aesch., etc.; τὰ δεύτερα Thuc.; ἐκ δευτέρου for the second time, NTest.
4. in point of Rank, second, δ. μετ̆ ἐκεῖνον Hdt.; c. gen., δεύτερος οὐδενός second to none, id=Hdt.; ἡγεῖςθαι δεύτερον to think quite secondary, Soph.
5. the second of two, δευτέρη αὐτή herself with another, Hdt.
6. as Subst., δεύτερα, τά, ͂ δευτερεῖα, the second prize or place, Il., Hdt.
1. to miss, want, ἐδεύηςεν ἱκέςθαι he missed, failed in reaching, Od.
2. as Dep. = attic δέομαι to feel the want or loss of, be without a thing, c. gen., Il.: to stand in need of, βάκτρου Eur.
3. to be wanting, deficient in a thing, c. gen., Il.: absol. δευόμενος, in need, id=Il.
4. c. gen. pers. to be inferior to, Hom.
1. c. acc. pers. et inf., δεῖ τινὰ ποιῆςαι it is binding on one to do a thing, one must, one ought, Lat. oportet, Hom., etc.:—rarely, δεῖ ςε ὅπως δείξεις ͂ δεῖ ςε δεῖξαι, Soph.: —rarely also c. dat. pers. et inf., there is need for one to do, δεῖ τινὶ ποιήςαι Eur., Xen.
2. c. acc. rei et inf., δεῖ τι γενέςθαι Thuc., etc.:—for the phrase οἴομαι δεῖν, v. oi)/omai:— when used absol., an inf. may be supplied, μὴ πεῖθ̆ ἃ μὴ δεῖ (sc. πείθειν) Soph., etc.
3. (from de/w2, to want), c. gen. rei, there is need of, there is wanting, Lat. opus est re, οὐδὲν δεῖ τινός Hdt., attic:—phrases, πολλοῦ δεῖ there wants much, far from it; ὀλίγου δεῖ there wants little, all but:— in answers, πολλοῦ γε δεῖ, πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ far from it, Ar., Dem.; πλεῦνος δεῖ it is still further from it, Hdt:— ὀλίγου δεῖν absol., in same sense, Plat.; μικροῦ δεῖν Dem.
4. with a dat. pers. added, δεῖ μοί τινος, Lat. opus est mihi re, Aesch., Thuc., etc.
5. with acc. pers. added, δεῖ ςε προμηθέως Aesch.
6. neut. part. δέον, contr. δεῖν, absol., like ἐξόν, παρόν it being needful, quum oporteret, Plat.; οὐκ ἀπήντα, δέον, he did not appear in court, though he ought to have done so, Dem.; so, οὐδὲν δέον there being no need, Hdt.
7. for δέον, τό, as Subst., v. sub voce.
1. fear, affright, Il., Hdt., attic
2. an object of fear, a terror, horror, ὦ πῦρ ςὺ καὶ πᾶν δ. Soph.: esp. in pl., δειμάτων ἄχη fearful plagues or monsters, Aesch.; δείματα θηρῶν Eur.
1. in Hom. the principal meal of the day, —sometimes the noonday meal, sometimes = a)/riston, the morning meal, sometimes = do/rpon, the evening meal. In old attic the midday or afternoon meal, dinner or supper:— ἀπὸ δείπνου straightway after the meal, Il.; καλεῖν ἐπὶ δεῖπνον; δ. παραθεῖναι, etc.
2. generally, fodder, provender, Il., Aesch.
1. of Place, hither, Lat. huc, with Verbs of motion, Hom., etc.; in a pregn. sense with Verbs of Rest, to (have come hither and) be here, πάρεςτι δεῦρο Soph.
2. used in calling to one, here ! on ! come on ! Lat. adesdum, ἄγε δεῦρο, δεῦρ̆ ἄγε, δεῦρ̆ ἴθι, δεῦρ̆ ἴτω always with a Verb sg. (δεῦτε being used with pl.), Hom.; but with a pl. in Trag.
3. in arguments, μέχρι δ. τοῦ λόγου up to this point of the argument, Plat.
4. of Time, until now, up to this time, hitherto, Trag., Plat.: also, δεῦρ̆ ἀεί Eur.
1. as pl. of δεῦρο, hither! come on! come here! just like δεῦρο, with pl. imperat., δεῦτ̆ ἄγετ̆ Il.; δεῦτε φίλοι id=Il.; δεῦτ̆ ἄγε, Φαιήκων ἡγήτορες Od.
1. for a long time, Lat. diu, Hom.
1. to tarry, be long, delay, Il.
1. battle-strife, battle, death, Hom.
1. to cut down, slay, Il.: to cleave asunder, id=Il.; savage beast, to rend, tear, id=Il.; τὸν πώγωνα δεδηιωμένος having had his beard cut off, Luc.
2. to waste or ravage a country, Hdt., Thuc.; ἄςτυ δηιώςειν πυρί Soph.
1. baneful, noxious, βροτῶν δηλήμονα baneful to them, Od.; ἀνθρώπων οὐ δηλήμονες doing men no hurt, Hdt.
1. devourer of the people, Il.
1. an elder of the people, chief, Il.: δημογ. θεός, = Lat. deus minorum gentium, Anth.
1. fat, Il., Ar., etc.; δίπλακι δημῶι (of sacrificial meat) with fat above and fat below, Il.
1. long-lived, Il., Theocr.
2. old, aged, ancient, Aesch.
1. to contend, wrangle, Hom.
1. long, too long, δηρὸν χρόνον Il.; so, δηρὸν (sub. χρόνον) as adv. all too long, id=Il.; ἐπὶ δηρόν id=Il.; δαρὸν χρόνον Soph.
1. through c. gen. through, by means of c. acc.
2. through.
3. WITH GEN.:
4. of Place or Space:
5. of motion in a line, through, right through, διὰ μὲν ἀςπίδος ἦλθε ἔγχος Il.; δῐ ἠέρος αἰθέρ̆ ἵκανεν quite through the lower air even to the ether, id=Il.; διὰ πάντων ἐλθεῖν to go through all in succession, Xen.
6. of motion through a space, but not in a line, all through, over, διὰ πεδίοιο Il.; δῐ ἄςτεος Od.
7. of Intervals of Space, διὰ δέκα ἐπάλξεων at every 10th battlement, Thuc.; διὰ πέντε ςταδίων at a distance of 5 stades, Hdt.
8. of Time:
9. throughout, during, διὰ παντὸς τοῦ χρόνου Hdt.; δῐ ἡμέρης all day long, id=Hdt.; διὰ παντός continually, Aesch.; δῐ ὀλίγου for a short time, Thuc.
10. of the interval between two points of Time, διὰ χρόνου πολλοῦ or διὰ πολλοῦ χρ. after a long time, Hdt.; διὰ χρόνου after a time, Soph.; χρόνος διὰ χρόνου time after time, id=Soph.
11. of successive Intervals, διὰ τρίτης ἡμέρης every other day, Hdt.; δῐ ἐνιαυτοῦ every year, Xen.
12. Causal, through, by
13. of the Agent, δῐ ἀγγέλων by the mouth of messengers, Hdt.; δῐ ἑρμηνέως λέγειν Xen.
14. of the Instrument or Means, διὰ χειρῶν Soph.; διὰ χειρὸς ἔχειν in hand, id=Soph.
15. of the Manner or Way, παίω δῐ ὀργῆς through passion, in passion, Soph.; διὰ ςπουδῆς in haste, hastily, Eur.
16. to express conditions or states, δῐ ἡςυχίης εἶναι to be in a state of quiet, to be tranquil, Hdt.; διὰ πολέμου ἰέναι τινί to be at war with one, Xen.; δῐ ἀπεχθείας ἐλθεῖν τινι to be hated by him, Aesch.; δῐ οἴκτου ἔχειν τινά to feel pity for one, Eur., etc.
17. WITH ACC.:
18. of Place, in same sense as διά c. gen.:
19. through, ἓξ διὰ πτύχας ἦλθε χαλκός Il.
20. throughout, over, ὤικεον δῐ ἄκριας Od.; δῐ αἰθέρα Soph.
21. of Time, διὰ νύκτα Il.; διὰ ὕπνον during sleep, Mosch.
22. Causal:
23. of Persons, through, by aid of, by means of, νικῆςαι διὰ Ἀθήνην Od.; διά ςε by thy fault or service, Soph.: through, by reason of, αὐτὸς δῐ αὑτόν for his own sake, Plat.; διὰ τὴν ἐκείνου μέλληςιν Thuc.
24. of things, which express the Cause, Reason, or Purpose, δῐ ἐμὴν ἰότητα because of my will, Il.; δῐ ἀχθηδόνα for the sake of vexing, Thuc.; διὰ τοῦτο, διὰ ταῦτα therefore; etc.
25. WITHOUT CASE as Adv. throughout, Hom.
26. IN COMPOS.:
27. through, right through, as in διαβαίνω.
28. in different directions, as in διαπέμπω:— of separation, asunder, as in Lat. dis-, as in διαςκεδάννυμι:— at variance, as in διαφωνέω; or of mutual relation, one with another, as in διαγωνίζομαι, διᾴδω.
29. of preeminence, as in διαπρέπω, διαφέρω.
30. completion, to the end, utterly, as in διαμάχομαι (cf. Lat. decertare).
31. to add strength, throughly, out and out, as in διαγαληνίζω.
32. of mixture, between, partly, as in διάλευκος.
1. epith. of Hermes, the Messenger or Minister of Zeus, Hom.
1. two ways, διάνδιχα μερμηρίζειν to halt between two opinions, Il.; διάνδιχα δῶκε gave one of two things, id=Il.; δ. ἔαξα broke it in twain, Theocr.
1. prep. through and out of, c. gen., Hom.
1. to go out through, pass through, Il., Hdt.
2. to go through in detail, recount in full, relate circumstantially, id=Hdt., Plat., etc.; δ. περί τινος to go through by way of examining, Eur.
1. to manage an affair, order, arrange, Il.; δ. τὰ πρήγματα Hdt.
1. Dep. to go through, pass through, absol. or c. gen., Il., Soph.:—c. acc., also, Il., Thuc., etc.
2. to pass through, complete, Hdt., Plat., etc.
3. of reports, βάξις διῆλθ̆ Ἀχαιούς Soph.; absol., λόγος διῆλθε went abroad, spread, Thuc., Xen.
4. of pain, to shoot through one, Soph.; of passion, id=Soph.; ἐμὲ διῆλθέ τι a thought shot through me, Eur.
5. to go through in detail, tell all through, Aesch., Thuc.
6. intr. of Time, to pass, elapse, Hdt., Dem.; so, ςπονδῶν διελθουςῶν Thuc.; but, διελθὼν ἐς βραχὺν χρόνον having waited, Eur.
1. trans. to keep apart or separate, Lat. distinere, Hdt., Plut.
2. to keep off, id=Plut.
3. intr. to go through, hold its way, of arrows and lances, Il.:— to extend or reach, Hdt.
4. to stand apart, be separated or distant, Theogn., Thuc.; διέχοντες ἤεςαν they marched with spaces between man and man, id=Thuc.; ςταδίους ὡς πεντήκοντα διέχει is about 50 stades wide, Xen.
5. of Time, to intervene, Soph.
6. to differ, Arist.
1. to drive or thrust through a thing, c. gen., Od., Eur.; also c. dupl. acc., λόγχην δ. ςτέρνα id=Eur.
2. to let people go through a country, give them a passage through, Xen., Dem.:— c. gen., ξυμφορὰς τοῦ ςοῦ διῆκας ςτόματος didst let them pass through thy mouth, gavest utterance to them, Soph.
3. to send apart, to dismiss, disband, Xen.
4. to dissolve: in Mid., διέμενος ὄξει having diluted it with vinegar, Ar.
1. to set apart, to place separately, separate, Thuc., Dem.
2. to set one at variance with another, τινά τινος Ar., Thuc.; δ. τὴν Ἑλλάδα to divide it into fractions, Hdt.
3. Mid. and Pass., with aor2, perf., and plup. act., to stand apart, to be divided, Il.; θάλαςςα διί̈ςτατο the sea made way, opened, id=Il.; τὰ διεςτεῶτα chasms, Hdt.
4. of persons, to stand apart, be at variance, Il., Thuc.; διέςτη ἐς ξυμμαχίαν ἑκατέρων sided with one or the other party, id=Thuc.:—simply to differ, be different, Xen.
5. to part after fighting, Hdt.
6. to stand at certain distances or intervals, id=Hdt.; of soldiers, δ. κατὰ διακοςίους Thuc.
7. aor1 mid. is trans. to separate, Plat., Theocr.
1. to wet, moisten, Il.:— Mid., διαίνεςθαι ὄςςε to wet one's eyes, Aesch.; absol. to weep, id=Aesch.
1. to make a stride, walk or stand with the legs apart, εὖ διαβάς of a man planting himself firmly for fighting, Il.
2. c. acc. to step across, pass over a ditch or river, id=Il.
3. absol. (θάλαςςαν or ποταμόν being omitted), to cross over, Lat. trajicere, ἐς hλιδα Od.; πλοίῳ διαβῆναι Hdt., etc.
1. to distinguish, discern, Lat. dignoscere, διαγνῶναι ἄνδρα ἕκαςτον Il.; δ. εἰ ὁμοῖοί εἰςι whether they are equals or no, Hdt.; δ. τὸ ὀρθὸν καὶ μή Aeschin.:— δ. τινὰς ὄντας, i. e. δ. οἵτινές εἰςιν, Ar.
2. to discern exactly, τι Soph.
3. to resolve, vote to do so and so, c. inf., Hdt.:—Pass., impers. διέγνωςτο it had been resolved, Thuc.
4. as Athen. law-term, to decide a suit, Lat. dijudicare, δίκην Aesch.:— to give judgment, περί τινος Thuc.
1. Dep. to see through, οὐδ̆ ἂν νῶϊ διαδράκοι would not see us through (the cloud), Il.
1. to contend in singing, τινί with one, Theocr.
1. to break in sunder, break in pieces, shiver, Luc.:—Pass., τριχθά τε καὶ τετραχθὰ διατρυφὲν [τὸ ξίφος] Il.; ἀςπίδες διατεθρυμμέναι Xen.
2. metaph., like Lat. frangere, to break down by profligate living and indulgence, to enervate, pamper, make weak and womanish, Plat., Xen.: —Pass. to be enervated, pampered, Aesch., Xen.
3. Mid. to give oneself airs, of a prude, Theocr.; of a singer, διαθρύπτεται ἤδη is beginning her airs, id=Theocr.
1. to cut in pieces: metaph., διακέρςαι ἐμὸν ἔπος to make it null, frustrate it, Il.:—Pass., ςκευάρια διακεκαρμένος shorn of his trappings, Ar.
1. to break in twain, Il.
2. in Pass., = diaqru/ptomai: perf. pass. διακεκλαςμένος enervated, Luc.
1. to divide and marshal, muster in array, Il., Thuc.:—Pass., εἴπερ ἐς δεκάδας διακοςμηθεῖμεν Ἀχαιοί (epic for -είημεν, 1st pl. aor1 opt.) Il.
2. generally, to regulate, set in order, Hdt., etc.: Mid., μέγαρον διεκοςμήςαντο got it set in order, Od.
1. to separate one from another, Il.: to part combatants, and in Pass. to be parted, Hom.; so in fut. mid. διακρι^νέεςθαι, Od.; also, διακριθῆναι ἀπ̆ ἀλλήλων Thuc.; διακρίνεςθαι πρός . . to part and join different parties, id=Thuc.
2. Pass. to be dissolved into elemental parts, Plat.
3. to distinguish, Lat. discernere, τὸ ςῆμα Od.; οὐδένα διακρίνων making no distinction of persons, Hdt.: —Pass., διεκέκριτο οὐδέν no distinction was made, Thuc.
4. to settle, decide, of judges, Hdt., Theocr.:—Mid., νεῖκος δ. to get it decided, Hes.: —Pass. to come to a decision, Il.; περί τινος Plat.: — to contend with one, τινι NTest.; μάχῃ διακρινθῆναι πρός τινα Hdt.
5. Pass. to doubt, hesitate, NTest.
1. eminently, above all, Lat. eximie, Il., Hdt.
1. two hundred, Lat. ducenti: sg. with n. of multitude, ἵππος διακοςία two hundred horse, Thuc.
1. to pick out one from another, to pick out, Hdt., Xen.
2. Dep. δια-λέγομαι: fut. -λέξομαι and -λεχθήςομαι: aor1 δι-ελεξάμην and διελέχθην: perf. διείλεγμαι: 3rd sg. plup. διείλεκτο: — to converse with, hold converse with, τινί Il., etc.; πρός τινα Plat.; δ. τί τινι or πρός τινα to discuss a question with another, Xen.; δ. τινι μὴ ποιεῖν to argue with one against doing, Thuc.:—absol. to discourse, argue, Plat., Xen.
3. to use a dialect or language, Hdt.
1. to cut through, Il., Eur.
2. to scrape away, id=Eur.; Mid., διαμᾶςθαι τὸν κάχληκα to get the gravel scraped away, Thuc.
1. to measure through, out or off, χῶρον δ. to measure lists for combat, Il.:—Pass., ἡμέρα διαμεμετρημένη measured by the clepsydra, Dem.
2. to measure out in portions, distribute, Xen., etc.:—Mid. to have measured out to one, receive as one's share, Orac. ap. Hdt., Xen.
1. measured out or off, Il.
1. of Place, through and through, right through, clean through, c. gen., Il., Soph.:—c. acc., Il., Aesch.
2. absol. without break, continuously, Hom.
3. of Time, throughout, for ever, id=Hom.; διαμπερὲς αἰεί for ever and aye, Il.
1. to destroy utterly, sack, lay waste, of cities, Hom.
1. to fly through, Il., Eur.: c. acc., id=Eur., Ar.; διὰ τῆς πόλεως id=Ar.
2. to fly away, vanish, Eur., Plat.
1. to break or cleave in pieces, Il.
1. Il., Thuc.:—Pass. to be utterly ruined, Trag.
1. to pass over, c. gen., διέπρηςςον πεδίοιο they made their way over the plain, Il.; also, δ. κέλευθον to finish a journey, Od.:—also of Time, c. part., ἤματα διέπρηςςον πολεμίζων went through days in fighting, Il.; διαπρήξαιμι λέγων should finish speaking, Od.
2. to bring about, accomplish, effect, settle, Hdt.; δ. τί τινι to get a thing done for a man, id=Hdt.: —so in Mid., id=Hdt.; perf. pass. in mid. sense, Plat., etc.:—strictly in sense of Mid., to effect for oneself, gain one's point, Hdt., Xen.: c. inf. to manage that, id=Xen.
3. to make an end of, destroy, slay, Lat. conficere, in part. perf. pass. διαπεπραγμένος, Trag.
1. right through, c. gen., Hom.
1. going through, piercing: neut. as adv., πρὼν πεδίοιο διαπρύςιον τετυχηκώς a hill running far into the plain, Il.
2. of sound, piercing, thrilling, ἤϋςεν διαπρύςιον he gave a piercing cry, id=Il.
3. later as adj., of sound, δ. ὄτοβος Soph.; κέλαδος Eur.
4. metaph., δ. κεραϊςτής a manifest thief, Hhymn.
1. to tear in pieces, Il.: to efface, τὰ ἴχνη Xen.
2. to spoil, plunder, πόλιν Hdt.
3. to seize as plunder, χρήματα id=Hdt.
1. to dash in pieces, destroy, Hom.:— Pass., c. fut. mid., to be destroyed, perish, Il.; διαρραιςθέντας Aesch.
1. Pass. to dart through, rush across, c. gen., Il.; c. acc., δ. λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν id=Il.
1. to prop on each side, to prop up, Anth.
1. Dep. to watch as from a ςκοπιά, to spy out, Il.:— to discern, distinguish, id=Il.
1. to cleave or rend asunder, Od., Plat., etc.:—Pass. to be cloven asunder, Il.; of soldiers, to be separated, Xen.
1. to cut in twain, διατμήξας having cut [the Trojan host] in twain, Il.; λαῖτμα διέτμαγον I clove the wave, Od.; ὦλκα δ., of ploughing, Mosch.:—Pass., διέτμαγεν (3rd pl. aor2 for -μάγηςαν) they parted, Hom.: they were scattered abroad, Il.
1. to flee all ways, Il.
1. to rub between, rub hard, rub away, consume, waste, Hom.:—Pass., διατρι^βῆναι to perish utterly, Hdt.
2. δ. χρόνον, Lat. terere tempus, to spend time, id=Hdt., Xen.: Pass., ἐνιαυτὸς διετρίβη Thuc.
3. absol. (without χρόνον), to waste time, pass it away, οὐ μὴ διατρίψεις; i. e. make no more delay, Ar.; δ. ἐν γυμναςίοις to pass all one's time there, id=Ar.; δ. μετ̆ ἀλλήλων to go on talking, id=Ar.: —hence, to employ oneself on or in a thing, ἔν or ἐπί τινι Plat.; περί τι id=Plat.; c. part., δ. μελετῶν Xen.
4. also absol. to lose time, delay, Il., Ar., etc.: c. gen., δ. ὁδοῖο to lose time on the way, Od.
5. to put off by delay, to thwart, hinder a thing, Hom.; δ. Ἀχαιοὺς ὃν γάμον put them off in the matter of her wedding, Od.
1. to shew through, let a thing be seen through, Theocr.
2. Pass., aor2 -εφάνην [α^], to appear or shew through, νεκύων δ. χῶρος shewed clear of dead bodies, Il.; of things seen through a transparent substance, Hdt.
3. to glow, to be red-hot, Od.
4. metaph. to be proved, shew itself, Thuc.: to be conspicuous among others, id=Thuc.
5. absol. in Act. to shew light through, to dawn, ἡμέρα, ἠὼς διέφαινε Hdt.: metaph. to shine through, Xen.
1. to destroy utterly, Il., Hdt., attic: to make away with, kill, destroy, ruin, Soph., etc.; δ. χέρα to weaken, slacken one's hand, Eur.: to disable a ship, Hdt.:—absol. to forget, Eur.
2. in moral sense, to corrupt, ruin, Aesch., Plat., etc.:— esp. to corrupt by bribes, Hdt., Dem.: to seduce, Lys.
3. οὐδὲν διαφθείρας τοῦ χρώματος having changed nothing of his colour, Plat.
4. Pass. to be destroyed, crippled, disabled, Hdt.; τὴν ἀκοὴν διεφθαρμένος deaf, id=Hdt.: τὰ ςκέλεα δ. with their legs broken, id=Hdt.; τὰ ὄμματα δ. blind, Plat.; τὰς φρένας Eur.; τὸ φρενῶν διαφθαρέν loss of one's mind, id=Eur.
5. perf. διέφθορα is intr. in Hom., to have lost one's wits;— but in attic trans., Soph., Eur.
1. to speak distinctly, tell plainly, Hom.
1. to pour different ways, to disperse, Hdt.:— to cut up a victim, Hom.
2. to dissolve, break up, destroy, Xen.
3. metaph. to confound, τὰ βεβουλευμένα Hdt.
4. Pass. to be poured from one vessel into another, id=Hdt.
5. to run through, spread about, Thuc.
6. to be dissolved, fall away, of a corpse, Hdt.: to disperse, of soldiers, Xen.
7. metaph. to be or become diffuse or dissipated, Plat.
1. to teach (i. e. instruct) a person, or teach a thing, Hom., etc.: c. dupl. acc., ςε . . ἱπποςύνας ἐδίδαξαν they taught thee riding, Il.; to teach one a thing, Hom., etc.; also, δ. τινὰ περί τινος Ar.:—c. acc. pers. et inf. to teach one to be so and so, Od.; c. inf. only, δίδαξε βάλλειν taught him how to shoot, Il.;—also with inf. omitted, διδάςκειν τινὰ ἱππέα [sc. εἶναι] to train one as a horseman, Plat.; so, δ. τινὰ ςοφόν, κακόν Eur.:— Mid. to teach oneself, learn, Soph.: but the usual sense of the Mid. is to have another taught, of a father, to have his son taught, Plat., etc.:—Pass. to be taught, to learn, c. gen., διδαςκόμενος πολέμοιο trained in war, Il.; also c. acc., id=Il., etc.; c. inf., δεδιδαγμένος εἶναι Hdt.; διδάςκεται λέγειν ἀκοῦςαί θ̆ Eur.
2. διδάςκειν is used of dramatic Poets, who originally taught the actors their parts, Hdt., attic
1. twin-brothers, twins, Il.
1. to keep asunder, separate, Il., Hdt., Thuc.
2. seemingly intr., to lie between, Xen.
1. to question closely, Hom., Plat.
1. to drive through or across, c. gen., τάφροιο διήλαςεν ἵππους Il.
2. to thrust through, λαπάρης διήλαςεν ἔγχος id=Il.
3. δ. τινὰ λόγχῃ to thrust one through with a lance, Plut., Luc.
4. intr. (sub. ἵππον) to ride through, charge through, Xen.
1. to learn by close questioning a person, τινά τι Il.
1. to say through, tell fully or distinctly, Hom., Soph.: to interpret a riddle, id=Soph.
2. to speak one with another, converse, διαειπέμεν ἀλλήλοιςιν Od.
1. continuous, unbroken, Lat. continuus, Od.; νώτοιςι διηνεκέεςςι with slices cut the whole length of the chine, Il.:—adv. dihneke/ws, continuously, from beginning to end, Lat. uno tenore, Od.: also distinctly, positively, id=Od., Hes.
1. Dep. to go through, penetrate, Plut.:— to reach, with missiles, Thuc.
2. in speaking, to go through, recount, Il.
1. to judge, to give judgment on a thing, decide or determine a point, Il., etc.
2. c. acc. cogn., δίκας δ., to adjudge a penalty, Hdt.; δ. φυγήν τινι to decree it as his punishment, Aesch.; δ. φόνον ματρός to ordain her slaughter, Eur.; δ. τοῦ ἐγκλήματος [sc. δίκην] Xen.:—Pass. to be decided, Thuc.
3. to pass judgment on, condemn, Soph.
4. φόνον δ. to plead in a case of murder, Eur.
5. c. dat. pers. to decide between persons, judge their cause, Τρωςί τε καὶ Δαναοῖςι δικαζέτω Il.; ἐς μέςον ἀμφοτέροιςι δικάςςατε id=Il.: —Pass. to be judged or accused, Xen.
6. absol. to be judge, give judgment, Il.:— to sit as judges or jurymen, Dem.
7. Mid. of the culprit, to plead one's own case, defend one's right, have one's case tried, go to law, Od., etc.: —δίκην δικάζεςθαί τινι to go to law with one, Plat.; πρός τινα Thuc.; τινος or περί τινος for a thing, Dem.
1. one who administers law, a judge, Hom.
1. double-folding, of doors or gates, in pl., Od.; rarely in sg., Theocr., Anth.
1. whirling, eddying, Hom.
2. rounded, Mosch.
1. to whirl or twirl round, or spin round, Hom.: to drive round a circle, Il.:—Pass. to whirl or roll about, Hom.: of a river, to eddy, Eur.: to whirl round in the dance, Xen.
2. Pass., also, to roam about, Lat. versari, Od.
3. intr. in Act., just like Pass. to whirl about, of dancers or tumblers, Il.; of a pigeon circling in its flight, id=Il.; generally, to roam about, Hom.; δινεύειν βλεφάροις to look wildly about, Eur.
1. turned, rounded, Hom.; νώροπι χαλκῷ δινωτήν [sc. ἀςπίδα] covered all round with brazen plates, Il.
1. sprung from Zeus, of kings and princes, ordained and upheld by Zeus, Hom.; of gods, Trag.
1. a spy, scout, Il.
1. to watch accurately, spy about, Il.: to look into, ςτέγος Soph.
1. twofold, double, Lat. duplex, of a cloak, Hom.; ὅθι διπλόος ἤντετο θώρηξ where the cuirass met [the buckle] so as to be double, Il.:— παῖςον διπλῆν (sc. πληγήν), Soph.; διπλῆ ἄκανθα spine bent double by age, Eur.; διπλῇ χερί by mutual slaughter, Soph.
2. in pl., = du/o, Aesch., Soph.
3. double-minded, treacherous, Plat., Xen.
1. to search after, Il., Hes.:—ionic διφέω Anth.
1. δ. δεδαίαται they are parted in twain, Od.; δ. κραδίη μέμονε my heart is divided, Il.
1. twofold, double, divided, Il.
1. to push asunder, tear away, Il., Eur.
2. to thrust through, Plut.
3. Mid. to push asunder for oneself, force one's way through, break through, c. acc., Hdt., Xen.
4. to push from oneself, push one another away, of seamen keeping ships from collision, Thuc.:— to drive back, repel, repulse, Hdt., Eur.:—absol. to get rid of danger, Hdt.
5. to reject, Lat. respuere, id=Hdt., Thuc.:—absol. to refuse, Hdt.
1. to pursue aperson, to chase, hunt, Il., etc.:—so in Mid., διώκεςθαί τινα πεδίοιο to chase one over or across the plain, Hom.: — to be a follower of a person, attach oneself to him, Xen.
2. to pursue an object, seek after, Od., etc.; δ. τὰ ςυμβάντα to follow or wait for the event, Dem.
3. to drive or chase away, banish, Od., Hdt.
4. of the wind, to drive a ship, of rowers, to impel, speed on her way, Od.; of a chariot, to drive, Orac. ap. Hdt.; δ. πόδα to urge on, Aesch.:—then, intr. to drive, drive on, Il.: to gallop, speed, run, Aesch.
5. as law-term, to prosecute, bring an action against a man, ὁ διώκων the prosecutor (opp. to ὁ φεύγων the defendant), Hdt., etc.; ὁ διώκων τοῦ ψηφίςματος he who impeaches the words of the decree, Dem.; c. gen. poenae, θανάτου or περὶ θανάτου δ. τινά, Lat. capitis accusare, Xen.: but c. gen. criminis, to accuse of, to prosecute for, δ. τινὰ τυραννίδος Hdt.; δειλίας Ar.; φόνου Plat.; but, φόνον τινὸς δ. to avenge another's murder, Eur.
1. a tamer, ἵππων Hhymn.:— fem., νὺξ δμητεῖρα θεῶν Il.
1. a female slave taken in war, Il.:— then, generally, a female slave, serving-woman, Lat. ancilla, Hom., Trag.
1. a slave taken in war, Od.:— then, generally, a slave, id=Od., Soph., Eur.; epic dat. pl. δμώεςςι Od.
1. a taming, breaking, ἵππων Il.
1. to shake violently, fling down, Il.; τὰ ςὰ ῥάκεα δνοπαλίξεις "wrap thy old cloak about thee, " Od.
1. dark, dusk, murky, Hom., Trag.
1. it seemed, Hom.; ὡς ἄν ςοι πλήμνη δοάςςεται ἱκέςθαι (epic subj. for -ηται) till the nave appear to graze, Il.: cf. δέατο.
1. doubt, perplexity, ἐν δοιῇ Il.
1. two, both, Il., Hes., etc.: neut. δοιά as adv. in two ways, in two points, Od.
2. two-fold, double, Anth.
1. = doioi/, of which it is properly the dual, = du/o, indecl., Hom.
1. = videor mihi, to think, suppose, imagine, expect, c. acc. et inf., δοκέω νικηςέμεν Il.; οὔ ςε δοκέω πείθεςθαι Hdt.; τεκεῖν δράκοντ̆ ἔδοξεν she thought a serpent bare young ones, Aesch.; ἔδοξα ἰδεῖν, Lat. visus sum videre, methought I saw, Eur.; ἀείδειν δοκῶ I think to sing, Aesch.
2. absol. to have or form an opinion, περί τινος Hdt.; in parenthetic phrases, ὡς δοκῶ Trag.; πῶς δοκεῖς; how think you? Eur.
3. δοκῶ μοι in attic, just like δοκεῖ μοι, as Lat. videor mihi for videtur mihi, I seem to myself, methinks, c. inf., Hdt., etc.; also, I am determined, resolved, c. inf., Ar.
4. c. inf., also, to seem or pretend to be doing, Lat. simulo, or with a negat. to seem or pretend not to be doing, Lat. dissimulo; ἤκουςά του λέγοντος, οὐ δοκῶν κλύειν Eur.
5. = videor, to seem to one, δοκέεις δέ μοι οὐκ ἀπινύςςειν Od., etc.
6. absol. to seem, as opp. to reality, οὐ δοκεῖν, ἀλλ̆ εἶναι θέλει Aesch.
7. to seem good, Lat. placere, εἰ δοκεῖ ςοι ταῦτα id=Aesch.
8. impers., δοκεῖ μοι much in the same sense as δοκῶ μοι (supr. I. 3), it seems to me, meseems, methinks, ὥς μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι ἄριςτα Il., etc.:—in decrees and the like, ἔδοξε τῆι βουλῆι, placuit senatui, Ar., Thuc., etc.; τὸ δόξαν the decree, Hdt.; τὰ δόξαντα Soph.; παρὰ τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν Thuc.:—so in Pass., δέδοκται, Lat. visum est, Hdt., Trag., etc.
9. acc. absol. δόξαν, when it was decreed or resolved, δόξαν αὐτοῖς ὥςτε διαναυμαχεῖν (i. e. ὅτε ἔδοξεν αὐτοῖς) Thuc.; so, δεδογμένον αὐτοῖς id=Thuc.
10. to be thought or reputed so and so, ἄξιοι δοκοῦντες id=Thuc.; οἱ δοκοῦντες εἶναί τι men who are held to be something, men of repute, Plat.; so οἱ δοκοῦντες alone, Eur.; τὰ δοκοῦντα, opp. to τὰ μηδὲν ὄντα, id=Eur.; also in Pass., οἱ δεδογμένοι ἀνδροφόνοι those who have been found guilty of homicide, Dem.
1. to keep an eye upon, watch narrowly, Il., Pind., Eur.
1. a bearing-beam, in the roof or floor of a house, Od.: generally, a balk or beam, Il., Thuc.: the bar of a gate or door, Ar.
1. with tall spear, Il.
1. long-necked, Il.
1. long, Hom.: neut. δολιχόν as adv., Il., Plat.
1. epith. of ἔγχος, casting a long shadow; or for δολιχ-όςχιος (ὄςχος) long-shafted, Il.
1. crafty of counsel, wily, Hom.
1. planning craft, wily-minded, Hom.
1. craft, subtlety, wiliness, Il.
1. to shake, of wind, Il.; δ. γάλα to shake it, as to make butter, Hdt.
2. to drive about, Lat. agitare, Od., Pind.:—Pass., ἡ Ἀςίη ἐδονέετο Asia was in commotion, Hdt.; αἰθὴρ δονεῖται Ar.
1. a thicket of reeds, Il.
2. = do/nac, Anth.
1. won by the spear, Eur.: Hom. has ionic fem. δουρικτητή.
1. to take supper, Hom.
1. a giver, dispenser, Il., Aesch.
1. to sound heavy or dead, δούπηςεν πεςών with a thud he fell, Il.; δουπεῖ χεὶρ γυναικῶν falls with heavy sound upon their breast, Eur.
1. a spear's throw off or distant, only in neut. as adv., Il.
1. famed for the spear, Hom.
1. Lat. obliquus, δοχμὼ ἀί̈ςςοντε rushing on slantwise, Il.
1. slavish, servile, δούλιον ἦμαρ the day of slavery, Il.: δ. φρήν a slave's mind, Aesch.
1. any dead, heavy sound, a thud, Il.; of the distant din of battle, the sound of footsteps, of the measured tread of infantry, the hum of a multitude, the roar of the sea, Hom.: rare in Trag.
1. as much as one can grasp, a handful, truss of corn, Lat. manipulus, Il.:—also a sheaf, = a)/malla, Xen.
2. uncut corn, Anth., Luc.
1. a dragon, or serpent of huge size, a python, Hom., etc.
1. Dep.
2. attic to grasp, c. gen. rei, κόνιος δεδραγμένος clutching a handsful of dust, Il.; so, ἐλπίδος δεδραγμένος Soph.
3. to lay hold of, τί μου δέδαρξαι; Eur.; δραξάμενος φάρυγος having seized [them] by the throat, Theocr.
4. c. acc. rei, to take by handsful, Hdt.
1. to be ready to do, Il.
1. to collect the corn into sheaves, Il.
1. skinned, flayed, Il.
1. a sickle, reaping-hook, Il.: a pruning-hook, Hes.
1. piercing, sharp, keen, Lat. acer, of a dart, Il.: metaph., δριμεῖα μάχη, δριμὺς χόλος id=Il.; δριμὺ μένος Od.
2. of things which affect the eyes or taste, pungent, acrid, as smoke, Ar.; herbs, Xen.; smell, Ar.
3. metaph. of persons, keen, bitter, Aesch., Ar.; also keen, shrewd, Eur.:— δριμὺ βλέπειν to look bitter, Ar.
1. an oak-coppice; and, generally, a coppice, wood, only in pl. δρυμά, Hom.; δρυμός in Soph., Eur.
1. a wood-cutter, Il.
1. a course, running, race, Hom. (v. tei/nw); ou)ri/w| dro/mw| in straight course, Soph.:—of any quick movement, e. g. flight, Aesch.:—of time, ἡμέρης δρ. a day's running, i. e. the distance one can go in a day, Hdt.:— δρόμῳ at a run, id=Hdt., attic
2. the footrace:—proverb., περὶ τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θεῖν to run for one's all, Hdt.; τὸν περὶ ψυχῆς δρόμον δραμεῖν Ar.
3. the length of the stadium, a course or heat in a race, Soph.
4. a place for running, a run for cattle, Od.
5. a race-course, Hdt.: a public walk, Lat. ambulatio, Eur., Plat.:—proverb., ἔξω δρόμου or ἐκτὸς δρόμου φέρεςθαι, Lat. extra oleas vagari, to get off the course, i. e. wander from the point, Aesch., Plat.; ἐκ δρόμου πεςεῖν Aesch.
1. to tear, strip, Il.:—Mid., δρυψαμένω παρειάς tearing each other's cheeks, Od.; in sign of mourning, δρύπτεςθαι παρειάν to tear one's cheek, Eur.
1. twelve, Il.
1. most miserable, Il.
1. ill-blowing, stormy, of winds, Hom.; epic gen. pl. δυς-αήων for -αέων, Od.
1. unhappy mother of the noblest son, Il.
1. laying one on a hard bed, of death, Hom., Hes.
1. ill-sounding, hateful, Il.
1. hard to warm: chilly, Il.
1. ill-sounding, shrieking, discordant, Il., Aesch., Eur.
1. infamous, shameful, Il., Aesch., Xen. adv. -ew=s, Soph., Eur.
1. full of ill-will, hostile, Il., Hdt., Trag.; rarely c. gen., ἄνδρα δ. χθονός an enemy of the land, Soph.
2. rarely of things, id=Soph., Xen.
1. of the sea, rough and stormy, Il., Hes.:—metaph, rude, uncourteous, Hes.
1. suffering from hard winters, very wintry, freezing, Il., Hdt., Aesch.
1. to keep painful watch, Il.
1. bearing an ill name, ill-omened, Hom., Soph., etc.; esp. bearing a name of ill omen, such as Αἴας, id=Soph.
1. worth twelve beeves, Il.
1. holding 22 measures, Il.
1. 22 cubits long, Il.
1. the twelfth, Hom., etc.: epic δυωδ-, id=Hom.
1. to give, present, Hes., Pind.:— Pass., aor1 ἐδωρήθην, to be given or presented, Hdt.; of persons, to be presented with a thing, Soph.
2. also as Mid., Il.; δωρέεςθαί τί τινι to present a thing to one, Lat. donare aliquid alicui, Hdt., Aesch., etc.; also, δ. τινά τινι to present one with a thing, Lat. donare aliquem aliquo, id=Aesch.; δ. τινά to make him presents, Hdt.
1. of persons, open to gifts or presents, Il.
2. of things, freely given, Soph., Plut.
1. a gift, present, Hom., Hdt.
1. a secret weapon, poniard, stiletto, Plut.
1. Lat. domus:
2. a house, Hom., etc.: also part of a house, a room, chamber, Od.:— hence in pl. for a house, Hom., Trag.
3. the house of a god, a temple, Hom., Trag.
4. of animals, a sheep-fold, Il.: a wasps' or bees' nest, id=Il.
5. κέδρινοι δόμοι a closet or chest of cedar, Eur.
6. the house, i. e. the household, family, Trag.:—also one's father's house, Aesch.
7. a layer or course of stone or bricks in a building, διὰ τριήκοντα δόμων πλίνθου at every thirtieth layer of brick, Hdt.
1. a reed, Hom.; δόνακες καλάμοιο reed- stalks, Hhymn.
2. anything made of reed,
3. the shaft of an arrow, Il.
4. a shepherd's pipe, Aesch., Theocr.
5. a fishing-rod or limed twig (cf. δονακόεις), Anth.
6. the bridge of the lyre, Ar.
1. a notion, true or false: and so,
2. expectation, ἀπὸ δόξης otherwise than one expects, Hom.; παρὰ δόξαν ἤ . . Hdt.; opp. to κατὰ δόξαν, Plat., etc.; ἀπὸ δόξης πεςέειν, Lat. spe excidere, Hdt.; δόξαν παρέχειν τινί to make one expect that, c. inf., Xen.
3. an opinion, judgment, Pind., attic
4. like δόκηςις, a mere opinion, conjecture, Aesch., etc.; δόξῃ ἐπίςταςθαι to imagine, suppose (but wrongly), Hdt.:—also, a fancy, vision, dream, Aesch., Eur.
5. the opinion which others have of one, estimation, reputation, credit, honour, glory, Lat. existimatio, Solon., Aesch., etc.; δόξαν φέρεςθαι, ἔχειν Thuc., etc.; τινός for a thing, Eur.:—rarely of ill repute, Dem.
6. the estimate popularly formed of a thing, id=Dem.
7. of external appearance, glory, splendour, effulgence, NTest.
1. in Hom. the evening meal, whether called dinner or supper, Lat. coena:—later, generally, a meal, Hhymn.
1. a stem, tree, Od.:—commonly a plank or beam, Hom.; δόρυ νήϊον a ship's plank, id=Hom.:— hence,
2. a ship is called δόρυ, like Lat. trabs, Aesch., Eur.
3. the shaft of a spear, Il.: then, generally, a spear, pike, Hom., etc.; εἰς δόρυ ἀφικνεῖςθαι to come within a spear's throw, Xen.; ἐπὶ δόρυ to the spear-side, i. e. the right hand, opp. to ἐπ̆ ἀςπίδα, id=Xen.:—also, the pole of a standard, id=Xen.
4. metaph., δουρὶ κτεατίζειν to win wealth by the spear, il.; δορὶ ἑλεῖν Thuc.; in Trag. to express an armed force.
1. a giving, Hdt., etc.
2. a gift, Hom., etc.
1. across, athwart, aslant, like πλάγιος, Lat. obliquus, Il., Eur.
1. woe, misery, anguish, pain, Od., Trag.; δυηπα^θίη, ἡ, misery, Anth.
1. Dep.
2. to be able, capable, strong enough to do, c. inf., Hom., etc.; but the inf. is often omitted, Ζεὺς δύναται ἅπαντα [sc. ποιεῖν] Od.; so also, μέγα δυνάμενος very powerful, mighty, id=Od.; οἱ δυνάμενοι men of power, Eur., Thuc.; δυνάμενος παρά τινι having influence with him, Hdt., etc.
3. to be able, i. e. to dare or bear to do a thing, οὐδὲ ποιήςειν δύναται Od.; οὐκέτι ἐδύνατο βιοτεύειν Thuc.
4. with ὡς and a Sup., ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα as secretly as they could, id=Thuc.; ὡς δύναμαι μάλιςτα as much as I possibly can, Plat.; or simply ὡς ἐδύνατο in the best way he could, Xen.
5. to pass for, i. e.
6. of money, to be worth so much, c. acc., ὁ ςίγλος δύναται ἑπτὰ ὀβολούς the shekel is worth seven obols, id=Xen.
7. of number, to be equivalent to, τριηκόςιαι γενεαὶ δυνέαται μύρια ἔτεα Hdt.
8. of words, to signify, mean, Lat. valere, id=Hdt., etc.; ἴςον δύναται, Lat. idem valet, id=Hdt.; τὴν αὐτὴν δύναςθαι δουλείαν to mean the same slavery, Thuc.:—also to avail, οὐδένα καιρὸν δύναται avails to no good purpose, Eur.
9. impers., οὐ δύναται, c. inf., it cannot be, is not to be, Hdt.
1. power, might, strength, Hom.: then, generally, strength, power, ability to do a thing, id=Hom.; παρὰ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Thuc.; ὑπὲρ δ. Dem.; κατὰ δ. as far as lies in one, Lat. pro virili, Hdt.
2. power, might, authority, Aesch., etc.
3. a force for war, forces, Xen.
4. a quantity, Lat. vis, χρημάτων δ. Hdt., etc.
5. a power, faculty, capacity, αἱ τοῦ ςώματος δυνάμεις Plat., etc.; also of plants, etc., Xen.
6. the force or meaning of a word, Plat., etc.
7. the worth or value of money, Thuc.
1. two, Il., etc.;—in Poets δύο or δύω may be joined with pl. Nouns, δύο δ̆ ἄνδρες id=Il.:— εἰς δύο two and two, Xen.; ςὺν δύο two together, Il., Hdt.
1. ill-fated, ill-starred, Il., Soph.:—adv. -rws, with ill fortune, Aesch.
1. wretched, unhappy, unfortunate, disastrous, mostly of persons, Hom., Trag.; δυςτήνων δέ τε παῖδες ἐμῷ μένει ἀντιόωςιν unhappy are they whose sons encounter me, Il.
2. of things, Trag., Ar.: Sup. adv., δυςτανοτάτως Eur.
3. after Hom., in moral sense, wretched, like Lat. miser (a wretch), Soph.
1. Causal in fut. and aor1, to strip off clothes, etc., Od. (in compd. ἐξ-έδυ_ςα).
2. non causal forms such as the stems δύω and δύ_νω: of Places or Countries, to enter, make one's way into, τείχεα δύω (aor2 subj.) Il.; ἔδυ νέφεα plunged into the clouds, of a star, id=Il.; δῦτε θαλάςςης κόλπον plunge into the lap of Ocean, id=Il.; δύςεο μνηςτῆρας go in to them, Od.: also with a prep., δύςομαι εἰς Ἀί̈δαο id=Od.; δύςετ̆ ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα Il.; ὑπὸ κῦμα ἔδυςαν id=Il.; δύςκεν εἰς Αἴαντα he got himself unto Ajax, i. e. got behind his shield, id=Il.
3. of the sun and stars, to sink into [the sea, v. supr.], to set, ἠέλιος μὲν ἔδυ id=Il.; Βοώτης ὀψὲ δύων late- setting Bootes, Od.; πρὸ δύντος ἡλίου Hdt.:—metaph., βίου δύντος αὐγαί Aesch.; ἔδυ δόμος the house sank, id=Aesch.
4. of clothes and armour, to get into, put on, Il.; metaph., εἰ μὴ ςύγε δύςεαι ἀλκήν if thou wilt not put on strength (cf. ἐπιειμένος ἀλκήν):—ἀμφ̆ ὤμοιςιν ἐδύςετο τεύχεα id=Il.; ὤμοιϊν τεύχεα δυ_θι id=Il.
5. of sufferings, passions, and the like, to enter, come over or upon, κάματος γυῖα δέδυκε id=Il.; ἄχος ἔδυνεν ἦτορ, etc., id=Il.; δῦ μιν Ἄρης the spirit of war filled him, id=Il.
1. twelve, Hom., etc.: v. duw/deka.
1. properly, visible, conspicuous, Il.
2. clear to the mind, manifest, evident, Od.: —δῆλός εἰμι with partic., δῆλός ἐςτιν ἀλγεινῶς φέρων i. e. it is clear that he takes it ill, Soph.; δῆλοί εἰςι μὴ ἐπιτρέψοντες it is clear that they will not permit, Thuc.; also, acc. to our idiom, δῆλόν [ἐςτιν] ὅτι . . , v. dhlono/ti.
3. δῆλον itself is used like δηλαδή, as αὐτὸς πρὸς αὑτοῦ: δῆλον, all by himself, 'tis manifest, Soph.:—also, δῆλον δέ to introduce a proof, Thuc.
1. a country-district, country, land, Hom.
2. the people of a country, the commons, Lat. plebs, δήμου ἀνήρ, opp. to βαςιλεύς, Il., etc.; of a single person, δῆμος ἐών being a commoner, Il.:—in historians, the commons, commonalty, opp. to οἱ εὐδαίμονες, οἱ παχέες, οἱ δυνατοί, Hdt., Thuc.; of soldiers, opp. to officers, Xen.
3. like πλῆθος, the commons, the democracy, opp. to οἱ ὀλίγοι, Hdt., Ar., etc.
4. in Attica, δῆμοι, οἱ, townships or hundreds, = doric κῶμαι, Lat. pagi, ancient divisions of the county, being (in the time of Hdt.) 100 in number, 10 in each φυλή.
1. a fight, battle, contest, Il., Aesch.
1. god-like, divine, Il.; δῖα γυναικῶν noblest of women, Od.:—also worthy, trusty, the swineherd, id=Od.; of whole nations or cities, Hom.; of a noble horse, Il.
2. of things, like θεῖος, θεςπέςιος, ἱερός, divine, wondrous, Hom.
3. in literal sense, of or from Zeus, Aesch.
1. a house, Hom., Trag.: part of a house, the chief room, hall, Hom.:—hence in pl. for a single house, Od., Trag.
2. a house, household, family, Aesch., Soph.
1. a gift, present, Hom.: a votive gift, Il.:— δῶρά τινος the gifts of, i. e. given by, him, δῶρα θεῶν Hom.; δῶρ̆ Ἀφροδίτης, i. e. personal charms, Il.; c. gen. rei, ὕπνου δ. the blessing of sleep, id=Il.
2. δῶρα, presents given by way of bribe, Dem., etc.; δώρων ἑλεῖν τινα to convict him of receiving presents, Ar.
3. the breadth of the hand, the palm, as a measure of length; v. e(kkaideka/dwros.
1. twenty times, Il.
1. twenty-fold without dispute, Il.
1. the twentieth, Od.; epic also ἐεικοςτός, Il.
2. εἰκοςτή, ἡ, a tax of a twentieth, Lat. vicesima, levied by the Athenians on imports and exports from the allies in lieu of tribute, Thuc.
1. like truth, i. e. likely, probable, reasonable, Lat. verisimile, Trag.
2. as Subst. εἰκός, τό, a likelihood or probability, τὰ οἰκότα likelihoods, Hdt.; κατὰ τὸ εἰκός in all likelihood, Thuc.; ἐκ τοῦ εἰκότος id=Thuc.; ἤν γ̆ ἐρωτᾷς εἰκότ̆, εἰκότα κλύεις Eur.
3. reasonable, fair, equitable, Thuc.
1. rolling in their gait, with rolling walk, Hom.
1. a feast or banquet, given by a single host, opp. to ἔρανος (q. v.), Hom., Eur.
1. to revel in a large company, Od.
1. a feaster, quest, boon-companion, Il.
1. to roll along (trans.), Il.
2. intr. to roll or whirl about, of a torch, Hes.
1. to enfold, enwrap, Il.:—Pass. to be wrapt or covered, νεφέληι εἰλυμένος ὤμους, etc., Hom.
2. Pass., also, = i)luspa/omai, to crawl or wriggle along, of a lame man, Soph.
3. in Theocr. εἰλυςθείς means rolled up, crouching.
1. as Substantive Verb, to be, to exist, οὐκ ἔςθ̆ οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ̆ ἔςςεται Od.; τεθνηῶτος, μηδ̆ ἔτ̆ ἐόντος id=Od.; οὐκέτ̆ ἔςτι he is no more, Eur.; θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες Il.; ἐςςόμενοι posterity, id=Il.; ζώντων καὶ ὄντων Ἀθηναίων Dem.:—so of cities, etc., ὄλωλεν, οὐδ̆ ἔτ̆ ἔςτι Τροία (cf. Troja fuit), Eur.
2. of things, to be, exist, εἰ ἔςτιν ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] Hdt.; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ἦι so long as it last, Thuc.
3. to be, opp. to appearing to be, as esse to videri, τὸν ἐόντα λόγον the true story, Hdt.; τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν Thuc.; τῶι ὄντι, Lat. revera, in reality, in fact, Plat.
4. foll. by the Relative, οὐκ ἔςτιν ὅς, no one, Il., etc.; εἰςὶν οἵ, Lat. sunt qui, Thuc., etc.; ἐςτὶν ἅ some things, id=Thuc.; also ἔςτιν οἵ, for εἰςὶν οἵ, Hdt., etc.:—so withrelat. Particles, ἔςτιν ἔνθα, Lat. est ubi, Xen., etc.; ἔςτιν ὅπη, ἔςθ̆ ὅπου, somewhere, or somehow, Plat., etc.; ἔςτιν ὅπως in some manner, Hdt., etc.; ἔςτιν ὅτε, ἔςθ̆ ὅτε, sometimes, Soph., etc.
5. ἔςτι impers., c. inf., like πάρεςτι, it is possible, Hom., attic
6. to be, Copula connecting predicate with subject, both being in the same case, Hom., etc.
7. sometimes εἶναι with Part. represents finite Verb, ἦν τεθνηκώς, for ἐτεθνήκει, Aesch.; πεφυκός ἐςτι ͂ πέφυκε, Ar.
8. the Inf. is redundant in some phrases, ἑκὼν εἶναι (v. e(kw/n II); τὸ ἐπ̆ ἐκείνοις εἶναι quantum in illis esset, Thuc.; τὸ ςύμπαν εἶναι Hdt.; τὸ νῦν εἶναι Plat., etc.
1. as adv. nine nights long, Il.
1. sisters-in-law, Il.
1. of nine years: neut. εἰνάετες, as adv. nine years long, Od.
1. with quivering foliage, Il.
1. peace, time of peace, Hom., etc.; ἐπ̆ εἰρήνης in peace, Il.; εἰρ. γίγνεται peace is made, Hdt.; εἰρήνην ποιεῖν or ποιεῖςθαι to make a peace; εἰρ. ἄγειν to keep peace, Ar.; λύειν to break it, Dem.
1. dressing wool, Il.
1. wool-fleeced, woolly, Hom.
1. into, to c. acc.
2. PREP. WITH ACC. ONLY. Radical sense, into, and then to:
3. OF PLACE, the commonest usage, εἰς ἅλα into or to the sea, Hom., etc.:—properly opposed to ἐκ, ἐς ςφυρὸν ἐκ πτέρνης from head to foot, Il.; εἰς ἔτος ἐξ ἔτεος from year to year, Theocr.:—then, with all Verbs implying motion or direction, ἰδεῖν εἰς οὐρανόν Il.; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέςθαι to look in the face, id=Il.:—in Hom. and Hdt. also c. acc. pers., where the attic use ὡς, πρός, παρά.
4. with Verbs which express rest in a place, when a previous motion into or to it is implied, ἐς μέγαρον κατέθηκε, i. e. he brought it into the house, and put it there, Od.; παρεῖναι ἐς τόπον to go to a place and be there, Hdt.
5. with Verbs of saying or speaking, λόγους ποιεῖςθαι εἰς τὸ πλῆθος to come before the people and speak, id=Hdt., etc.
6. elliptical usage εἰς Ἀί̈δαο, attic εἰς Ἅιδου [δόμους], ἐς Ἀθηναίης [ἱερόν] to the temple of Athena, etc.; as in Lat. ad Apollinis, ad Castoris (sc. aedem); so with appellatives, ἀνδρὸς ἐς ἀφνειοῦ to a rich man's, Il.
7. OF TIME,
8. to denote a certain point or limit of time, to, up to, until, ἐς ἠῶ (attic εἰς τὴν ἕω) Od.; ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα till sun-set, id=Od.; ἐς ἐμέ up to my time, Hdt.:—so with Advs., εἰς ὅτε (cf. ἔς τε) against the time when, Od.; so, εἰς πότε; until when? how long? Soph.; ἐς ὃ until, Hdt.
9. to determine a period, εἰς ἐνιαυτόν for a year, i. e. a whole year, Hom.; ἐς θέρος ἢ ἐς ὀπώρην for the summer, Od.; εἰς ἑςπέραν ἥκειν to come at even, Ar.; εἰς τρίτην ἡμέραν or εἰς τρίτην alone, on the third day, in three days, Plat.; ἐς τέλος at last, Hdt.; οὐκ ἐς ἀναβολάς with no delay, id=Hdt.;—so with Advs., ἐς αὔριον Il.; ἐς αὖθις or ἐςαῦθις Thuc.; εἰς ἔπειτα Soph., etc.; cf. εἰςάπαξ, εἰςότε.
10. to express MEASURE OR LIMIT, ἐς δίςκουρα λέλειπτε was left behind as far as a quoit's throw, Il.; ἐς δραχμὴν διέδωκε paid them as much as a drachma, Thuc.
11. with Numerals, ναῦς ἐς τὰς τετρακοςίους to the number of 400, id=Thuc.; εἰς ἕνα, εἰς δύο, one, two deep, etc., Xen.
12. to express RELATION, to or towards, ἁμαρτάνειν εἴς τινα Aesch.; ἔχθρα ἔς τινα Hdt.
13. in regard to, like Lat. quod attinet ad, εὐτυχεῖν ἐς τέκνα Eur.; ἐς τὰ ἄλλα Thuc.; τό γ̆ εἰς ἑαυτόν, τὸ εἰς ἐμέ Soph., Eur.
14. periphr. for Advs., ἐς κοινόν ͂ κοινῶς, Aesch.; ἐς τὸ πᾶν ͂ πάντως, id=Aesch.; εἰς τάχος ͂ ταχέως, Ar.
15. of an END, ἔρχεςθαι, τελευτᾶν ἐς . . , to end in . . , Hdt., etc.; καταξαίνειν ἐς φοινικίδα to cut into red rags, Ar.:—also, of a Purpose, εἰς ἀγαθόν for good, for his good, Il.; εἰς κάλλος ζῆν to live for show, Xen.
1. to lead in or into, to introduce, c. dupl. acc., αὐτοὺς εἰςῆγον δόμον Od.; also, εἰςάγειν τινὰ ἐς . . , Hdt.; or c. dat., τινὰ δόμοις Eur.:—Mid. to admit forces into a city, Thuc.: also to introduce into a league, Hdt.
2. ἐςάγειν or ἐςάγεςθαι γυναῖκα to lead a wife into one's house, ducere uxorem, id=Hdt.
3. to import foreign wares, id=Hdt., attic; so in Mid., Hdt., etc.
4. ἰατρὸν εἰςάγειν τινί to call in a physician, Xen.
5. to introduce new customs, Hdt., Eur.
6. to bring in, bring forward, esp. on the stage, Ar., Plat.
7. εἰςάγειν τι ἐς τὴν βουλήν to bring before the Council, Xen.
8. as law-term, εἰςάγειν δίκην or γραφήν to bring a cause into court, Lat. litem intendere, Aesch., Dem.: εἰς. τινά to bring into court, prosecute, Plat.
1. Dep.:— to spring or rush into, c. acc., Il.; ἐςάλλ. ἐς τὸ πῦρ to leap into it, Hdt.
1. to go up into, c. acc., Il.
1. Dep.:— to go in or into, enter, c. acc., Il., etc.; in Prose, εἰς. εἰς . . , Xen., etc.; εἰς. εἰς τὰς ςπονδάς to come into the treaty, Thuc.; εἰς. εἰς τοὺς ἐφήβους to enter the Ephebi, Xen.: of money, to come in, id=Xen.
2. of the chorus or of actors, to come upon the stage, to enter, Plat., Xen.:— to enter the lists, Soph.
3. as attic law-term, of the accuser, to come into court, Plat., Dem.
4. metaph., [μένος] ἄνδρας ἐςέρχεται courage enters into the men, Il.; Κροῖςον γέλως εἰςῆλθεalso c. dat., δέος εἰς. τινι Plat.:—also to come into one's mind, Hdt.; so, impers., εἰςῆλθε αὐτόν, c. inf., it comes into one's head that . . , id=Hdt.
1. Mid. to sit down in, c. acc., Il.
1. to collect into a place, Hom.:— Mid., νέον δ̆ ἐςαγείρατο θυμόν he gathered fresh courage, Il.: but also in pass. sense, θοῶς δ̆ ἐςαγείρατο λαὸς [εἰς τὰς ναῦς] Od.
1. to discern, descry, Il.
1. to hearken or give ear to one, Il.; c. acc. rei, Hhymn.; c. gen. pers., Soph., Eur., etc.
2. in Poets, simply, to hear, Soph., Eur.
3. c. dat. pers. to hearken to, give heed to, Hdt.
1. to go up to or into, c. acc., Hom.
1. to look up to, c. acc., Il.
1. to come to, τινά Od.
1. Dep.:— to come into or to, reach or arrive at a place, c. acc., Od., Eur.; ἐςαπ. ἐς τόπον Hdt.; also c. dat., id=Hdt.
1. to go into a ship, to go on board ship, embark, Od.; ἐςβ. ἐς ναῦν Hdt.
2. generally, to go into, enter, δόμους Eur.; εἰςβ. κακά to come into miseries, Soph.
3. Causal in aor1 ἀνέβηςα, to make to go into, put on board, Il.
1. to look at or upon, Hom., Eur.
1. to get or go into, with εἰς, Od., Hdt., etc.
2. c. acc. to enter, Lat. subire, Il., Hdt.:—of feelings, εἰςέδυ με μνήμη κακῶν Soph.; also c. dat., δεινόν τι ἐςέδυνε ςφίςι great fear came upon them, Hdt.
1. to drive in, of a shepherd driving in his flock, Od.
2. intr. to row or sail in, id=Od.: to ride in, Xen.:— to enter in triumphal procession, Plut.
1. to touch to the quick, affect greatly, Il.
2. to put in the hand to feel, ἐςεμάξατο χεῖρας (doric form) Theocr.
1. to perceive, remark, Hom.
1. to look into, look upon, view, behold, c. acc., Hom., etc.:—so in Mid., Il.
2. to look upon with admiration, Lat. suspicere, θεοὺς ὣς εἰςορόωςιν id=Il.:—hence to pay regard to, respect, τι Soph., Eur.; so, ἐς. ἔς τι Hdt.; εἰςορ. πρός τι to look at, eye eagerly, Soph.
3. to look on with the mind's eye, perceive, id=Soph.
4. of angry gods, to visit, punish, id=Soph.
5. followed by μή, to take care lest . . , id=Soph.
1. to fly into, c. acc., Il.; metaph. of reports, Hdt.
1. to carry into or to, Od., Hdt.
2. to bring in, contribute, Plat., Xen., etc.:—at Athens, to pay the property-tax (v. ei)sfora/ II), Thuc.
3. to bring (suffering) in or upon, πένθος εἰςφ. δόμοις Eur., etc.
4. to introduce, bring forward, propose, Hdt.; γνώμην ἐςφ. ἐς τὸν δῆμον Thuc.; εἰςφ. νόμον, Lat. legem rogare, Dem.:—absol., like Lat. referre ad senatum, Thuc.
5. Mid. with perf. pass. εἰςενήνεγμαι, to carry with one, sweep along, Il.
6. to bring in for oneself, to import, Hdt., Thuc.
7. to bring in with one, introduce, Hdt., Eur.
8. Pass. to be brought in, introduced, Hdt.
9. to rush in, Thuc.
1. to pour in or into, Hdt., Eur.:— Pass. with epic syncop. aor2 ἐςεχύμην [υ^], to stream in, ἐςέχυντο ἐς πόλιν Il.
1. in sight of, εἰςωποὶ δ̆ ἐγένοντο νεῶν [the Greeks] stood facing the ships, Il.
1. a river-side pasture, meadow, ἐν εἰαμενῇ ἕλεος in a marshy meadow, Il.
1. to drop, let fall in drops, Hom.:—Pass. to trickle down, Hes.
1. Lat. videor, to be seen, appear, εἴδεται ἄςτρα they are visible, appear Il.
2. c. inf. to appear or seem to be, τοῦτό μοι κάλλιςτον εἴδεται εἶναι Od.; also with inf. omitted, τόγε κέρδιον εἴςατο id=Od.; also, εἴςατ̆ ἴμεν he made a show of going, id=Od.
3. in strictly middle sense, c. dat., ἐείςατο φθογγὴν Πολίτηι she made herself like Polites in voice, Il.:—also to be like, id=Il.
1. an image, a phantom, Hom., Hdt.; βροτῶν εἴδωλα καμόντων phantoms of dead men, Od.; of any unsubstantial form, ςκιᾶς εἴδωλον Aesch.; οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν εἴδωλα Soph.
2. an image in the mind, idea, Xen.:—also a fancy, Plat.
3. an image, likeness, Hdt.
4. an image, idol, NTest.
1. would that! Lat. utinam: v. ei) A. II. 1.
1. like, Lat. similis, τινι Hom., Hdt.
1. indecl., twenty, Lat. viginti, Il., etc.; also in epic form ἐείκοςι, before a vowel ἐείκοςιν, id=Il.
1. to yield, give way, draw back, retire, Il.
2. c. dat. pers. et gen. loci, μηδ̆ εἴκετε χάρμης Ἀργείοις shrink not from the fight for them, id=Il.; εἴκειν τινὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ, Lat. concedere alicui de via, Hdt.
3. with dat. pers. only, to yield to, give way to, either in battle or a mark of honour, Hom.:—then, to give way to any passion or impulse, ὧι θυμῶι εἴξας Il.; αἰδοῖ Od.:—also of circumstances, πενίηι εἴκων id=Il.; κακοῖς, ἀνάγκηι Aesch.
4. εἴκειν τινί τι, where the acc. is adverbial, μένος οὐδενὶ εἴκων yielding to none in force, Hom.; c. acc. cogn., εἴξαντας ἃ δεῖ yielding in . . , Soph.
5. trans. to yield up, give up, εἶξαί τέ οἱ ἡνία give the horse the rein, Il.:— to grant, allow, Lat. concedere, ὁπηνίκ̆ ἂν θεὸς πλοῦν ἡμὶν εἴκηι Soph.
6. impers., like παρείκει, it is allowable or possible, Il.
1. to roll up, pack close, Lat. conglobare, κατὰ τείχεα λαὸν ἐέλςαι to roll up the host and force it back to the walls, Il.; Ἀχαιοὺς ἐπὶ πρύμνηιςιν ἐείλεον id=Il.; εἰλεῖν ἐν μέςςοιςι to coop up or hem in on all sides, id=Il.; θῆρας ὁμοῦ εἰλεῖν to drive game together, Od.:—Pass. to be cooped or huddled up, εἰς ἄςτυ ἄλεν (for ἄληςαν) id=Od.; νηυςὶν ἐπὶ γλαφυρῆιςιν ἐελμένοι id=Od.:—metaph., Διὸς βουλῆιςιν ἐελμένος straitened, held in check by the counsels of Zeus, id=Od.
2. to smite, νῆα κεραυνῶι Ζεὺς ἔλςας having smitten the ship with lightning, id=Od.
3. to collect: Pass., ἀλὲν ὕδωρ water collected, ponded, Il.
4. Pass., also, to draw oneself up, shrink up, ἀλῆναι ὑπ̆ ἀςπίδι id=Il.; Ἀχιλῆα ἀλεὶς μένεν collecting himself he waited the attack of Achilles, id=Il.
5. Pass. also, to go to and fro, like Lat. versari, Hdt.
6. to wind, turn round:— Pass. to turn round, revolve, ἰλλομένων ἀρότρων moving to and fro, Soph.; ἕλιξ εἰλεῖται is twined round, Theocr.
1. ninth, Il., Hdt.
1. to go into, οὐκ Ἀχιλῆος ὀφθαλμοὺς εἴςειμι I will not come before Achilles' eyes, Il.:—more commonly with a prep., εἰς. μετ̆ ἀνέρας Od.; παρὰ βαςιλέα Hdt.; εἰς . . or πρός . . , id=Hdt., attic; εἰς. εἰς ςπονδάς to enter into a treaty, Thuc.
2. of the chorus or of actors, to come upon the stage, to enter, Plat.
3. as attic law-term, to come into court, Dem.
4. to enter on an office, ὁ ἐςιών the new king, Hdt.
5. metaph. to come into one's mind, c. acc., id=Hdt., attic, Eur.; also c. dat., id=Eur.:— impers., εἰςῄει αὐτοὺς ὅπως . . , it came into their minds that . . , Xen.
6. of things, τὰ εἰςιόντα what enters into one, food, id=Xen.
1. to within, into, absol., μή πού τις ἐπαγγείλῃςι καὶ εἴςω lest some one may carry the news into the house, Od.; εἴςω ἀςπίδ̆ ἔαξε he brake it even to the inside, Il.
2. c. acc., δῦναι δόμον Ἄϊδος εἴςω Il., etc.; Ἄϊδος εἴςω (sc. δόμον) id=Il.
3. = e)/ndon, inside, within, Od., etc.
4. c. gen., μένειν εἴςω δόμων Aesch.; εἴςω τῶν ὅπλων within the heavy-armed troops, i. e. encircled by them, Xen.
1. εἰ, τε generally doubled, εἴτε . . , εἴτε Lat. sive . . , sive, either . . , or . . , whether . . , or . . the first εἴτε is sometimes omitted in Poets:—the first εἴτε is sometimes replaced by εἰ, as εἰ . . , εἴτε . . , Hdt., Trag.
2. also used, like εἰ, in indirect questions, Od., etc.
1. one, Hom., etc.; εἷς οἶος, μία οἴη a single one, one alone, id=Hom.; εἷς μόνος Hdt.
2. with a Sup., like Lat. unus omnium maxime, εἷς ἀνὴρ πλεῖςτον πόνον παραςχών Aesch.; κάλλιςτ̆ ἀνὴρ εἷς Soph.; πάντων εἷς ἀνὴρ τῶν μεγίςτων αἴτιος κακῶν Dem.
3. in oppos., made emphatic by the Art., ὁ εἷς, ἡ μία Hom., attic
4. with a negat., εἷς οὐδείς nullus unus, no single man, Hdt., Thuc.; οὐχ εἷς, i. e. more than one, Aesch.; and more emphatic, οὐδὲ εἷς, μηδὲ εἷς, v. ou)dei/s, mhdei/s.
5. εἷς ἕκαςτος each one, each by himself, Lat. unusquisque, Hdt., Plat.
6. often with κατά, καθ̆ ἓν ἕκαςτον each singly, piece by piece, Hdt., etc.; so, καθ̆ ἕνα, καθ̆ ἕν one by one, Plat.
7. with other Preps., ἓν ἀνθ̆ ἑνός above all, id=Plat.: —ἓν πρὸς ἕν, in comparisons, Hdt., Plat.; εἷς πρὸς ἕνα Dem.: —παρ̆ ἕνα alternately, Luc.
8. one, i. e. the same, εἷς καὶ ὅμοιος Plat.: c. dat. one with . . , Eur.
9. one, as opp. to another; so, ὁ μὲν . . , εἷς δὲ . . , εἷς δ̆ αὖ . . , Od.; εἷς μέν . . , ἕτερος δέ . . , Xen.
10. indefinitely, εἷς τις, some one, Lat. unus aliquis, Soph., Plat.;—then alone, like our indef. Art. a, an, (as faber unus Hor.), Eur.
11. οὐδὲ εἷς οὐδὲ δύο not one or two only, Dem.
1. food, and of horses, fodder, Hom.
1. to see, perceive, behold, Hom., etc.; after a Noun, θαῦμα ἰδέςθαι a marvel to behold, Il.; οἰκτρὸς ἰδεῖν Aesch.
2. to look at, εἰς ὦπα ἰδέςθαι to look him in the face, Il., etc.
3. to look so and so, ἀχρεῖον ἰδών looking helpless, id=Il.
4. to see mentally, ἰδέςθαι ἐν φρεςίν "to see in his mind's eye, " Hom.
1. that which is seen, form, shape, figure, Lat. species, forma, Hom.; absol. in acc., εἶδος ἄριςτος, etc.
2. a form, sort, particular kind or nature, Hdt., etc.
3. a particular state of things or course of action, Thuc.
4. a class, kind, sort, whether genus or species, Plat., etc.
1. at once, forthwith, Il., Theocr.
1. a close covering, shelter, defence, εἶλαρ νηῶν τε καὶ αὐτῶν shelter for ship and crew, Il.; εἶλαρ κύματος a fence against the waves, Od.
1. to go
2. ibo, In Prose εἶμι serves as fut. to ἔρχομαι, I shall go, shall come. to come or go, Hom., etc.; c. acc. cogn., ὁδὸν ἰέναι to go a road, Od.:—in Hom., c. gen., ἰὼν πεδίοιο going across the plain; χροὸς εἴςατο went through the skin.
3. to go in a ship, Od.; of birds, to fly, id=Od.: of things, πέλεκυς εἶςι διὰ δουρός the axe goes through the beam, Il.; φάτις εἶςι the report goes, Od.; metaph. usages, ἰέναι ἐς λόγους τινί to enter on a conference with one, Thuc., etc.; ἰέναι ἐς χεῖρας to come to blows, id=Thuc.; ἰέναι διὰ δίκης πατρί to contest the point with him, Soph.; ἰέναι διὰ μάχης, διὰ φιλίας to live in conflict, in friendship with others, etc.
4. the Imperat. ἴθι is used like ἄγε, Lat. age, come, come now, mostly followed by 2nd sg. imperat., ἴθι λέξον Ar., etc.; with 1st pl. ἴθι ἐπιςκεψώμεθα Xen.
5. ἴτω let it pass, well then, Soph., Eur.
6. the part. is added by Trag. to Verbs, φρονείτω ἰών let him go and think, Soph.
1. to speak, say, Hom., etc.; in parenthesis, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν so to say, Lat. ut ita dicam, Thuc., etc.; so, ὡς εἰπεῖν, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν id=Thuc.
2. c. acc. pers. to speak to, address, accost one, Il.
3. to name, mention, id=Il.
4. to call one so and so, πολλοὶ δέ μιν ἐςθλὸν ἔειπον Od.
5. c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, to say or tell of one, ἀτάςθαλόν τι εἰπεῖν τινα id=Od.; κακὰ εἰπεῖν τινα Ar.
6. at Athens, to propose or move a measure in the ἐκκληςία, Thuc., etc.
1. a garment, in pl. clothes, clothing, Hom., etc.
2. a cover, rug, carpet, Aesch., Soph.
1. until, Hom.
1. well-pointed, Il.
1. of a lion, well-maned, Hom.; of men, well-bearded, Plat.
1. well-shaped, goodly, beautiful, beauteous, Il., Hdt., attic
1. well-wrought, well-made, of chariots, ships, etc., Hom.; of gold, wrought, Od.
2. well-done: pl. εὐεργέα ͂ εὐεργεςίαι, benefits, services, id=Od.
1. well-fenced, well-walled, Hom., Aesch.
2. act. fencing well, well-closed, of doors, Od.
1. of good report, famous, glorious, Hom., etc.; εὐκλεέςτατος βίος Eur. adv. -ew=s, epic -ειῶς, Il.; κατθανεῖν Aesch.; Sup. εὐκλεέςτατα, Xen.
1. wished for, ὄφρ̆ εὐκτὰ γένηται that what they wish for may happen, Il.
2. to be wished for, εὐκτὸν ἀνθρώποις Eur.:— εὐκτόν ἐςτι, c. inf., id=Eur., Xen.
3. vowed, dedicated, Anth.
1. a worm or maggot, Il., Hdt.
1. to lay or place in ambush, Od.
2. to lay asleep, lull to sleep, metaph., εὔνηςε γόον id=Od.:—Pass. to lie asleep, of a dog, to lie kennelled, Soph.: of the winds, Od.
1. a bed, Hom.; εὐνῆς ἐπιβήμεναι Il.; ἐξ εὐνῆς ἀναςτᾶςα id=Il., etc.
2. the bedding, as opp. to λέχος (the bedstead), Od.
3. εὐναὶ Νυμφάων their abode, Il.: —of animals, the lair of a deer, Hom.; the seat of a hare, Xen.; the nest of a bird, Soph.
4. the marriage-bed, Hom., etc.
5. one's last bed, the grave, Aesch., Soph.
6. pl. εὐναί, stones used as anchors in the times of Hom. and Hes., and thrown out from the prow, while the stern was made fast to land, ἐκ δ̆ εὐνὰς ἔβαλον κατὰ δὲ πρυμνήςῐ ἔδηςαν Hom.
1. daughter of a noble sire, Hom.
2. of places, of a noble father, Eur.
1. with goodly locks, fairhaired, Hom.; εὐπλ. κόμαι goodly tresses, Eur.
1. well-made, well-wrought, Od., Hes.
1. on one side, sideways, Il.
2. εὐρὰξ πατάξ, an exclamation to frighten away birds, Ar.
1. with wide streets, in epith. of great cities, Hom.
1. broad-fronted, of oxen, Hom.
1. with broad gates, Hom.
1. with broad channel, broadflowing, Il.
1. of far-extended might, mighty, Hom., Pind.
1. fem. adj. with broad, open ways, only used in gen. fem., χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης Hom.
1. the far-seeing, of Zeus, εὐρύοπα Ζεύς Hom.; also in voc., εὐρύοπα Ζεῦ Il.;—in Il. there is also an acc. (as if from a nom. εὐρύοψ) εὐρύοπα Ζῆνα.
1. with broad ways, of the sea, where all may roam at will, Hom., etc.
1. wide, broad, Hom., etc.
2. far-reaching, far-spread, κλέος εὐρύ Od.; ἐλπίδες Anth.
3. as adv. the neut. εὐρύ is mostly used, Il., etc.
1. with broad places, spacious, of cities, Hom., etc.: cf. καλλίχορος.
1. mouldy, dank, οἰκία εὐρώεντα (Virgil's loca senta situ), of the world below, Hom.; τάφον εὐρώεντα Soph.
1. well-crowned or well-girdled, Hom., Hes.
2. crowned with walls and towers, Od., Pind.
1. well-based, well-built, Hom.
1. well-walled, Il.
1. to use words of good omen, opp. to δυςφημέω:
2. to avoid all unlucky words, Horace's male ominatis parcere verbis: hence, to keep a religious silence, Il., Hdt., etc.; Imperat., εὐφήμει, εὐφημεῖτε hush! be still! Lat. favete linguis, Ar., Plat.
3. to shout in praise or honour of any one, or in triumph, Aesch., Ar.
4. c. acc. to honour by praise, speak well of, Xen.
5. to sound triumphantly, Aesch.
1. to cheer, delight, gladden, Hom., Trag., etc.
2. Pass. to make merry, enjoy oneself, be happy, Od., Hdt.; ἐπί τινι Ar.; ἔν τινι, διά τινος, ἀπό τινος Xen.; c. part., εὐφράνθη ἰδών was rejoiced at seeing, Pind.
1. well-meaning, well-judging, Hom. No Verb εὐφρονέω occurs.
1. well-grown, shapely, goodly, Il., Eur.
2. of good natural disposition, Xen.; of horses and dogs, id=Xen.
3. naturally suited or adapted, εἴς or πρός τι Plat.; c. inf., εὐφυὴς λέγειν Aeschin.:— adv. eu)fuw=s Dem.
4. of good natural parts, clever, Arist.:—adv. eu)fuw=s, Plat.
1. Dep.
2. to pray, Il.; to make vows, Hom.
3. to boast oneself, profess, brag, boast, c. inf., τίνες ἔμμεναι εὐχετόωνται; Od., etc.; ἐπ̆ ἀνδράςιν εὐχ. to glory over them, id=Od.
1. a prayer, vow, Hom.
2. a boast, vaunt, Il.: a shout of triumph, id=Il.
3. an object of boasting, a boast, glory, κὰδ δέ κεν εὐχωλὴν Πριάμῳ λίποιεν Ἑλένην id=Il.
1. sweet-smelling, fragrant, Hom., etc.; εὐωδέςτατος Hdt.
1. to find, Hom., etc.:—c. part. to find that, Hdt.; and in Pass., ἢν εὑρεθῆις δίκαιος ὤν Soph.
2. c. inf., εὕριςκε πρῆγμά οἱ εἶναι found that the thing for him was, Hdt.
3. to find out, discover, Hom., etc.; cf. εὕρημα II:—so in Mid. to find out for oneself, Od.
4. to devise, invent, Aesch., etc.:—Mid., τὰ δ̆ ἔργα τοὺς λόγους εὑρίςκεται deeds make themselves words, i. e. speak for themselves, Soph.
5. to find, get, gain, procure, Pind., Soph., etc.:—Mid. to get for oneself, bring on oneself, κακὸν εὕρετο Od.; αὐτὸς εὑρόμην πόνους Aesch.
6. of merchandise, to find a purchaser, to fetch, earn, πολλὸν χρυςίον εὑροῦςα having fetched a large sum, Hdt.; ἀποδίδοται τοῦ εὑρόντος sells for what it will fetch, Xen.
1. well-built, Hom.
1. well-girdled, of women, Il.
2. of men, girt up for exercise, dressed for walking, active, Hor.'s alte praecinctus, Hdt., Thuc.; of light troops, unincumbered, Lat. expeditus, Xen.
3. metaph. unincumbered, πενία Plut.
1. with beautiful throne, Hom.
1. good repute, glory, Hom., Trag.
1. fair-haired, Hom., Hes.: of sheep, well-fleeced, Anth.
1. well-rounded, round, of a shield, Il., Aesch.; of a chariot, well-wheeled, id=Aesch., Od.
1. reins, Il.
1. well-planed, well-polished, of carpenters' work, Hom.
1. just like εὔξεςτος, often in Hom.; ςκέπαρνον ἐύ̈ξοον an axe with polished haft, Od.
1. with good mooring-places, Hom., Soph.
2. well-moored, of ships, Anth.
1. beautifully robed, Hom.
1. well-built, Hom.
1. well-plaited, well-twisted, of wicker-work and ropes, Il.; of nets, Eur.
1. a fair voyage, Il., Soph.
1. well-blowing, strong-blowing, Il.
1. with goodly stern, Il., Eur.
1. well-towered, of fortified towns, Il.
1. abounding in foals or horses, Il.: breeding noble horses, Soph.
1. well-benched, with good banks of oars, Hom., Eur.
1. swift-springing, bounding, Il.
1. sharp-seeing, keen-sighted, watchful, Hom.
2. far-seen or commanding a wide view, Xen.
3. （ςκοπός) shooting well, of unerring aim, Orac. ap. Hdt., Aesch.
1. well-pierced, of ears for earrings, Il.: porous, Anth.
1. well-wheeled, Hom., Eur.
2. quick-running, running easily, of a running cord, Xen.; εὔτροχος γλῶςςα a ready, glib tongue, Eur.
3. well-rounded, round, Anth.
1. well-made, well-wrought, Hom.
2. ready, Hdt.
1. cheerful, gladsome, merry, of persons making merry, Hom., etc.: adv. eu)fro/nws, with good cheer, Pind., etc.
2. act. cheering, making glad or merry, Il., Aesch., etc.
3. later, well-minded, favourable, gracious, Pind., Aesch., etc.:—adv., in this sense, id=Aesch.
4. = eu)/fhmos, id=Aesch.
1. wrought of fine brass or well-wrought in brass, Hom., Aesch.
1. Dep.:
2. to pray, offer prayers, pay one's vows, make a vow, Lat. precari, vota facere, θεῶι or θεοῖς Hom., etc.; πρὸς τοὺς θεούς Xen., etc.:—c. dat. commodi, to pray for one, Il.
3. c. inf. to pray that, Hom., etc.; also, εὔχ. τοὺς θεοὺς δοῦναι to pray them to give, Xen.
4. c. acc. objecti, to pray for a thing, long or wish for, Pind., attic; εὔχ. τινί τι to pray for something for a person, as Soph.
5. to vow or promise to do, c. inf., Hom., attic
6. c. acc. rei, like Lat. vovere, to vow a thing, Aesch., Ar.
7. to profess loudly, to boast, vaunt, Il.; mostly of something of which one has a right to be proud, πατρὸς ἐξ ἀγαθοῦ γένος εὔχομαι εἶναι id=Il.
8. simply to profess or declare, Od.
9. as a Pass., ἐμοὶ μετρίως εὖκται I have prayed sufficiently, Plat.:—but Soph. uses plup. ηὔγμην in act. sense.
1. to sleep, lie down to sleep, Hom., etc.; c. acc. cogn., εὕδειν ὕπνον Od., Eur., Theocr.; also, ὕπνωι εὕδειν Soph.; βραδὺς εὕδει, i. e. sleep detains him, id=Soph.
2. of the sleep of death, Il., Soph.
3. metaph. to be still, be hushed, of wind, sea, etc., Il., Aesch.; of the mind, to be at ease, content, Plat., Theocr.
1. to singe, of singeing off swine's bristles, Hom.
1. well, Lat. bene, opp. to κακῶς, Hom., etc.; with another adv., εὖ καὶ ἐπιςταμένως well and workmanlike, Hom.; so, εὖ κατὰ κόςμον well and in order, Il.:—also, luckily, happily, well off, Od.:—in Prose, εὖ ἔχειν to be well off, attic;c. gen., εὖ ἥκειν τοῦ βίου to be well off for livelihood, Hdt.
2. εὖ γε, oft. in answers, v. eu)=ge.
3. with Adjectives or Adverbs, to add to their force, εὖ πάντες, like μάλα πάντες, Od.; εὖ μάλα id=Od.; εὖ πάνυ Ar.; εὖ ςαφῶς Aesch.
4. as Subst., τὸ εὖ the right, the good cause, τὸ δ̆ εὖ νικάτω id=Aesch.
5. as the Predicate of a propos., τί τῶνδ̆ εὖ; which of these things is well? id=Aesch.; εὖ εἴη may it be well, id=Aesch.
6. in Compos., it has all the senses of the adv., but commonly implies greatness, abundance, prosperity, easiness, opp. to δυς-. (Like α- privat., Lat. in-, δυς-, it is properly compounded with Nouns only, Verbs beginning with εὖ being derived from a compd. Noun, as, εὐπαθέω from eu)paqh/s. eu)-doke/w is an exception.)
1. with beautiful hair: in Il. always of horses, with flowing mane; of dogs, Xen.; of birds, well-plumed, Theocr.
2. made of good hair, of a fishing line, Anth.
1. relat. adv.:
2. of Time, poet. for ὅτε, when, at the time when:
3. with Opt., whenever, referring to instances in past time, Hes., Aesch.
4. with Subj., εὖτ̆ ἄν, like ὅταν, whenever, so often as, Od.
5. Causal, since, seeing that, Soph.
6. as adv. of Comparison, for ἠύ̈τε, as, even as, twice in Hom.
1. the thing prayed for, object of prayer, εὖχος δοῦναι, πορεῖν to grant one's prayer, Hom.; εὖχος ἀρέςθαι to obtain it, Il.
2. a boast, vaunt, id=Il., Pind.
3. a vow, votive offering, Anth.
1. very divine, sacred, Il., etc.
1. exceeding wroth, Il., Theocr.
1. to live, Hom., etc.; ἐλέγχιςτε ζωόντων vilest of living men, Od.; ζώειν καὶ ὁρᾶν φάος ἠελίοιο Il.; ῥεῖα ζώοντες living at ease, of the gods, id=Il.; ζῶν κατακαυθῆναι to be burnt alive, Hdt.:—also, ζῆν ἀπό τινος to live off or on a thing, Theogn., Hdt., etc.:— τὸ ζῆν ͂ ζωή, Aesch., etc.: —in a quasi-trans. sense, ἐκ τῶν ἄλλων ὧν ἔζης ( = ἃ ἐν τῶι βίωι ἔπραττες) from the other acts of your life, Dem.
2. metaph. to be in full life and strength, to be fresh, be strong, ἄτης θύελλαι ζῶςι Aesch.; ἀεὶ ζῆι ταῦτα [νόμιμα] Soph.; ζῶςα φλόξ living fire, Eur.
1. to boil, seethe, of water, Hom.; λέβης ζεῖ the kettle boils, Il.
2. metaph. to boil or bubble up, of the sea, Hdt.; of passion, like Lat. fervere, Aesch., Soph.
3. c. gen. to boil up or over with a thing, ζεῖν ὕδατος καὶ πηλοῦ Plat.; also c. dat., ζ. φθειρςί Luc.
4. Causal, to make to boil, θυμόν Anth.
1. strong-blowing, stormy, Hom.
1. well-fed, fat, goodly, Hom.
1. full of fire, of men at their prime, Il.
1. attacking violently, furious, raging, Hom.
1. zea-giving, as epith. of the earth, ζείδωρος ἄρουρα fruitful corn-land, Hom.
1. the strap or loop of the yoke (ζυγόν) through which the beasts' heads were put, so that the ζυγόν had two ζεῦγλαι, Il. Hdt., etc.
2. the cross-bar of the double rudder, Eur.
1. to yoke, put to, ἵππους Hom., etc.; ζ. ἵππους ὑφ̆ ἅρματα, ὑφ̆ ἅρμαςιν, ὑπ̆ ὄχεςφιν, ὑπ̆ ἀμάξηιςιν Il.;—(so in Mid., ἵππους ζεύγνυςθαι to put to one's horses, Hom.);—also of riding horses, to harness, saddle and bridle, ζεῦξαι Πάγαςον Pind.:—of chariots, to put to, get ready, id=Hom., Eur.
2. to bind, bind fast, Xen.:—Pass., φάρη ἐζευγμέναι having them fastened, Eur.
3. metaph., πότμωι ζυγείς in the yoke of fate, Pind.; ἀνάγκηι, ὁρκίοις ζυγείς Soph., Eur.
4. to join together, ςανίδες ἐζευγμέναι well-joined, Il.
5. to join in wedlock, Eur.:—in Mid., of the husband, to wed, id=Eur.:—Pass. to be married, Soph., Eur.
6. to join opposite banks by bridges, τὸν Ἑλλήςποντον ζεῦξαι Hdt., etc.:—also, γέφυραν ζεῦξαι to form a bridge, id=Hdt.
7. to undergird ships with ropes, Thuc.
1. a yoke of beasts, a pair of mules, oxen or horses, Il., etc.
2. the carriage drawn by a pair, a chariot, car, Hdt., etc.
3. a pair or couple of any things, id=Hdt., Aesch.
1. to seek, seek for, Il., Aesch., etc.; μὴ ζητῶν without seeking, Xen.; τὸ ζητούμενον ἁλωτόν what is sought for may be found, Soph.
2. to enquire for, Xen.: to ask about a thing, id=Xen.
3. to search after, search out, Soph., Thuc.
4. to search or inquire into, investigate, Plat., etc.; ζ. τὰ θεῖα Xen., etc.
5. to require, demand, παρὰ τοῦ ςτρατηγοῦ λόγον ζητοῦντες Dem.
6. to seek after, desire, ἀμήχανα Eur.
7. c. inf. to seek to do, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
8. to have to seek, feel the want of, Lat. desidero, Hdt.
1. a yoke-band, i. e. a band for fastening the yoke to the pole, Il., Plut.
1. anything which joins two bodies; and so,
2. the yoke or cross-bar tied by the ζυγόδεςμον to the end of the pole, and having ζεῦγλαι (collars or loops) at each end, by which two horses, mules or oxen drew the plough or carriage, Hom., etc.:—metaph., τὸ δούλιον ζ. the yoke of slavery, Hdt.; δουλείας, ἀνάγκης ζ. Soph., Eur.; ἐπιτιθέναι τινὶ ζυγὰ τοῦ μὴ . . , so as to prevent . . , Xen.
3. a pair, Eur.; κατὰ ζυγά in pairs, Theocr.
4. the cross-bar joining the horns of the φόρμιγξ, along which the strings were fastened, Il.
5. in pl. the thwarts joining the opposite sides of a ship or boat, the benches, Lat. transtra, Od., Hdt.; in sg., Soph.:—metaph., τὸ πόλεος ζ. Eur.
6. the middle of the three banks in a trireme; metaph., οἱ ἐπὶ ζυγῷ δορός those on the upper bench, Aesch.
7. the beam of the balance, Dem.: — the balance itself, Plat.
8. καρχαςίου ζ. the yard-arm at the masthead, Pind.
9. a rank or line of soldiers, opp. to a file, Thuc.
1. reward for life saved, Od., Hdt.; also, like θρεπτήρια, a reward for nursing and rearing one, Il.: c. gen. rei, ζωάγρια μόχθων, νούςων Anth.
1. to take alive, take captive instead of killing, Il., Hdt., etc.:—Pass., id=Hdt.
2. （ζωή, ἀγείρω) to restore to life, revive, Il.
1. pure, sheer, properly of wine without water, Anth.; absol., ζωρός (sc. οἶνος) id=Anth.:—comp. in Hom., ζωρότερον δὲ κέραιε mix the wine more pure, i. e. add less water, Il. As the Greeks mixed their wine with water, the phrase ζωρότερον πίνειν came to mean not only, as in Hdt., to drink purer wine than common, but, generally, to drink hard, be a drunkard, like ἀκρατοποτεῖν, Theophr., Luc.
1. a girdle, in Il. always a warrior's belt or baldric, which passed round the loins and secured the bottom of the θώραξ:—in Od., the belt with which the swineherd girds up his frock.
2. later, = zw/nh, a woman's girdle.
3. metaph. of the encircling sea, Anth.
1. alive, living, Homer, Hdt., etc.; ζωὸν ἑλεῖν τινά to take prisoner, Il.; ζωὸν λαβεῖν Xen.
1. the gloom of the world below, nether darkness, Hom., Aesch.:—generally, gloom, darkness, Hes., Pind.
2. the dark quarter, i. e. the west, opposed to ἠώς, Hom.: cf. Ζέφυρος.
1. a belt, girdle:
2. properly the lower girdle worn by women above the hips, (the upper-girdle, the ςτρόφιον, being worn under the breasts), Hom.
3. Phrases, λῦςε δὲ παρθενίην ζώνην unloosed her maiden girdle, of the bridegroom, Od.; Mid. of the bride, Anth.:—of men on a march, ζ. λύεςθαι to slacken one's belt, i. e. rest oneself, Hdt.:— of pregnant women, φέρειν ὑπὸ ζώνης, τρέφειν ἐντὸς ζώνης Aesch., Eur.:— εἰς ζώνην δεδόςθαι to be given for girdle-money (as we should say, pin-money), of Oriental queens who had cities given them, Xen.
4. the man's belt (in Hom. commonly ζωςτήρ), Il., Xen., etc.
5. the part round which the girdle past, the waist, loin, Il.
1. to gird, esp. to gird round the loins for a pugilistic conflict, Od., Hes.; ζ. γαῖαν, of Ocean, Anth.
2. Mid. ζώννῦμαι, to gird oneself, gird up one's loins, of wrestlers and pugilists, who in early times wore a linen cloth (ζῶμα, διάζωμα) round their loins.
3. generally, to gird up one's loins, prepare for battle, Il.; also c. acc., ζωννύςκετο μίτρην girded on his belt, id=Il.; χαλκὸν ζ. to gird on one's sword, id=Il.
1. pure, sheer, properly of wine without water, Anth.; absol., ζωρός (sc. οἶνος) id=Anth.:—comp. in Hom., ζωρότερον δὲ κέραιε mix the wine more pure, i. e. add less water, Il. As the Greeks mixed their wine with water, the phrase ζωρότερον πίνειν came to mean not only, as in Hdt., to drink purer wine than common, but, generally, to drink hard, be a drunkard, like ἀκρατοποτεῖν, Theophr., Luc.
1. that which is girded, a girded frock or doublet, Od.
2. in Il. the lower part of the θώρηξ, round which the ζωςτήρ passed, Il.
3. the drawers worn by athletes, in Prose διάζωμα, id=Il.
4. = zw/nh, a woman's girdle, Soph., Anth.
1. an inner room or chamber:
2. generally, the women's apartment, inner part of the house, Hom., Hdt.
3. a chamber in this part of the house:
4. a bed-room, Il.:— the bride-chamber, id=Il., Soph., etc.
5. a store-room, Hom., Xen.
6. generally, a chamber, room, Od.
7. metaph., ὁ παγκοίτας θ. of the grave, Soph.; τυμβήρης θ. of the ark of Danae, id=Soph.; θάλαμοι ὑπὸ γῆς the realms below, Aesch.; θ. Ἀμφιτρίτης of the sea, Soph.; ἀρνῶν θ. their folds or pens, Eur., etc.
8. the lowest part of the ship, in which the θαλαμῖται sat, the hold.
9. a shrine, temple, Anth.
1. the sea, Hom., etc.; when he uses it of a particular sea, he means the Mediterranean, opp. to Ὠκεανός; — Hdt. calls the Mediterranean ἥδε ἡ θάλαςςα; so, ἡ παρ̆ ἡμῖν θάλ. Plat.; κατὰ θάλαςςαν by sea, opp. to πεζῇ by land, Hdt.; to κατὰ γῆς, Thuc.:—metaph., κακῶν θ. a sea of troubles, Aesch.
2. a well of salt water, said to be produced by a stroke of Poseidon's trident, in the Acropolis at Athens, Hdt.
1. good cheer, happy thoughts, θαλέων ἐμπληςάμενος κῆρ Il.
1. fem. adj. blooming, luxuriant, goodly, bounteous, of banquets, θεῶν ἐν δαιτὶ θαλείῃ Od., etc. No masc. θάλυς occurs, θαλερός being used instead.
2. as prop. n. Θάλεια, ἡ, one of the Muses, the blooming one, Hes.; also Θαλίη, Anth.
1. to bloom, abound, to be luxuriant, of fruit-trees, Od., Soph., etc.; often in part. perf. τεθηλώς, epic fem. τεθαλυῖα, as adj., luxuriant, exuberant, Od.; c. acc. cogn., οὐ δένδρε̆ ἔθαλλεν χῶρος the place grew no trees, θαλλούςης βίον ἐλαίας Aesch.
2. of other natural objects, τεθαλυῖα ἐέρςη the fresh or copious dew, Od.; τεθαλυῖα ἀλοιφῆι rich with fat, Il.; εἰλαπίνηι τεθαλυίηι at a sumptuous feast, id=Il.
3. of men, to bloom, flourish, Hes., Soph., etc.
4. in bad sense, to be active, νόςος ἀεὶ τέθηλε Soph.; πήματα ἀεὶ θάλλοντα id=Soph.
1. in metaph. sense of young persons, like ἔρνος (q. v.), φίλον θάλος dear child of mine, Il.; τοιόνδε θάλος so fair a scion of their house, Od.
1. astonishment, amazement, Hom., attic
1. a bush, shrub, Lat. arbustum, Hom.; in pl. a copse, thicket, id=Hom., attic
1. death, Hom., etc.; θ. τινος the death threatened by him, Od.; θάνατόνδε to death, Il., etc.
2. in attic, θάνατον καταγιγνώςκειν τινός to pass sentence of death on one, Thuc.; θανάτου κρίνεςθαι to be tried for one's life, id=Thuc.:—ellipt., τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ κεκοςμημένος (sc. ςτολήν) Hdt.; δῆςαί τινα τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτου (sc. δέςιν) id=Hdt.; τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐπιτρέψαι περὶ ςφῶν αὐτῶν πλὴν θανάτου for any penalty short of death, Thuc.
3. pl. θάνατοι, kinds of death, Od.; or the deaths of several persons or even of one person, Trag.
4. as prop. n., Θάνατος Death, twin-brother of Sleep, Il.
5. = nekro/s, Anth.
1. to pay the last dues to a corpse, to honour with funeral rites, i. e. in early times by burning the body, Hom.: then, simply, to bury, inter, Hdt., attic
1. courage, boldness, Hom., attic; θ. τινός courage to do a thing, Aesch., Soph.
2. that which gives courage, θάρςη grounds of confidence, Eur., Plat.
3. in bad sense, audacity, Il.: cf. θράςος.
1. c. dat. relying on a thing, id=Il.
1. quicker, swifter: neut. θᾶςςον as adv., more quickly.
1. παρέχουςιν γάλα θῆςθαι they give milk to suck, Od.; aor 1, θήςατο μαζόν he sucked the breast, Il.; part., θηςάμενος sucking, Hhymn.
2. Causal, to suckle a child, id=Hhymn.
1. a goddess, Hom.
1. properly, to stroke or touch with magic power, Lat. mulcere, and so to charm, enchant, spell-bind, of Hermes, who with his magic wand ἀνδρῶν ὄμματα θέλγει, lays men in a charmed sleep, Hom.; of the sorceress Circe, Od., etc.
2. in bad sense, to cheat, cozen, Hom., Soph.
3. to produce by spells, ἀοιδαὶ θέλξαν νιν (sc. εὐφροςύναν) Pind.; [γαλήνην] θ. ἀνηνεμίην Anth.
1. the foundations, lowest part, bottom, ὀφθαλμοῖο θέμεθλα the very bottom, roots of the eye, Il.; Ἄμμωνος θέμ. the place where Ammon stands, i. e. his temple, Pind.; Παγγαίου θέμ. the roots of Mt. Pangaeus, id=Pind.
1. that which is laid down or established by custom, Lat. jus or fas, as opp. to lex, θέμις ἐςτί 'tis meet and right, Lat. fas est, Hom.; ἣ θέμις ἐςτί as 'tis right, as the custom is, id=Hom.; ἣ θέμις ἐςτὶ γυναικός as is a woman's custom, Od.; so in attic, ὅ τι θέμις αἰνεῖν what it is right to praise, Aesch., etc.:—also indeclin., θέμις being used as acc., φαςὶ θέμις εἶναι Plat., etc.
2. = di/kh, right, law, Aesch., Soph.
3. pl. θέμιςτες, the decrees of the Gods, oracles, Διὸς θέμιςτες Od.; θέμιςςιν by oracles, Pind.
4. rights of the chief, prerogatives, ςκῆπτρόν τ̆ ἠδὲ θέμιςτες Il.
5. laws or ordinances, οἵτε θέμιςτας εἰρύαται who maintain the laws, id=Il.
6. claims to be decided by the kings or judges, οἳ ςκολιὰς κρίνωςι θέμιςτας id=Il.
7. as prop. n., gen. Θέμιςτος, Θέμιδος, Θέμιτος, voc. Θέμι, Themis, goddess of law and order, id=Il.
1. the palm of the hand, Il.
2. metaph., θ. βωμοῦ the flat top of the altar, Pind.; ἁλὸς θ. the surface of the sea, id=Pind.
1. to heat, make hot, Od., Ar.:—Pass. to be heated, grow hot, Hom.
1. summer, summertime, χείματος οὐδὲ θέρευς in winter nor in summer, Od.; οὔτ̆ ἐν θέρει οὔτ̆ ἐν ὀπώρῃ id=Od.; τὸ θέρος during the summer, Hdt.; θέρους μεςοῦντος about mid summer, Luc.
2. summer-fruits, harvest, a crop, Aesch., Ar., etc.; metaph., δράκοντος θ. Eur.
1. to heat, make hot
2. Pass. to become hot or warm, warm oneself, Od.; πυρός at the fire, id=Od.; θέρου warm yourself, Ar.
3. of things, μὴ ἄςτυ πυρὸς θέρηται lest the city be burnt by fire, Il.
1. marvellous, wondrous, θέςκελα ἔργα works of wonder, Hom.:—as adv., ἔϊκτο δὲ θέςκελον αὐτῷ 'twas wondrous like him, Il.
1. spoken by God, decreed, ordained, appointed, Lat. fatalis, Aesch., Soph.: θέςφατόν ἐςτι it is ordained, Il.; ςοὶ δ̆ οὐ θ. ἐςτι θανέειν 'tis not appointed thee to die, Od.
2. as Subst., θέςφατα, τά, divine decrees, oracles, id=Od., Trag., etc.
3. generally, like θεῖος, divine, Od.
1. to sharpen, whet, Il.; θήγων λευκὸν ὀδόντα id=Il.; θ. φάςγανον, ξίφος Aesch., Eur.:—in Mid., δόρυ θηξάςθω let him whet his spear, Il.
2. metaph. to sharpen, excite, provoke, like Lat. acuere, τὰς ψυχὰς εἰς τὰ πολεμικά Xen.:—Pass., λόγοι τεθηγμένοι sharp, biting words, Aesch.; γλῶςςα τεθηγμένη Soph.
1. enclitic Particle, chiefly epic, = dh/, expressing strong conviction, surely now, Hom., Theocr.; ironically, λείψετέ θην νέας so then you will leave the ships, Il.; strengthd, ἦ θην in very truth, id=Il.; οὔ θην surely not, Hom.
1. a wild beast, beast of prey, Il., etc.; joined with λέων, Eur.; with λέαινα, Anth.; also of Cerberus, Soph.:—in pl. beasts, as opp. to birds and fishes, Od., etc.
2. of any animal, as of birds, Ar., etc.
3. any fabulous monster, as the sphinx, Aesch.; esp. a centaur, Soph. (cf. Φήρ); a satyr, Eur.
1. a hunting of wild beasts, the chase, Hom., Hdt., etc.
2. metaph. eager pursuit of anything, Soph.
3. the beast taken, spoil, booty, prey, game, Od., Aesch., etc; in pl., ὦ πταναὶ θῆραι, of birds, Soph.
1. a heap, Od., Aesch.:—in pl. sand-heaps, sand-bank, Hdt., etc.
2. the beach, shore, παρὰ θῖνα θαλάςςης Il.; παρὰ θῖν̆ ἁλός id=Il.; so, ἐπὶ θινί Od.
3. sand or mud at the bottom of the sea, οἶδμα κυλίνδει βυςςόθεν θῖνα Soph.; metaph., τὸν θῖνά μου ταράττεις you trouble the very bottom of my heart, Ar.
1. to sit, Hom.; epic inf. θααςςέμεν Od.
1. the hinge of a door or gate, Il.
1. of, in, on or from the sea, belonging to it, Lat. marinus, οὔ ςφι θαλάςςια ἔργα μεμήλει, of the Arcadians, Il.; κορῶναι τῇςίν τε θαλ. ἔργα μέμηλεν, i. e. which live by fishing, Od.:— θαλάςςια sea-animals, opp. to χερςαῖα, Hdt.; πεζοί τε καὶ θαλ. landsmen and seamen, Aesch.; θαλ. ἐκρίπτειν τινά to throw one into the sea, Soph.
2. skilled in the sea, nautical, Hdt., Thuc.
1. to bloom, flourish, Hom. only in part.; of trees, Od.; of men, id=Od.; of swine, θαλέθοντες ἀλοιφῇ swelling, wantoning in fat, Il.
1. abundance, plenty, good cheer, Il.; in pl. festivities, Od., Hdt.
1. blooming, fresh, of young persons, Hom.; θ. γάμος the marriage of a youthful pair, Od.
2. of the body, fresh, vigorous, Il.; θ. χαίτη luxuriant hair, id=Il.; θ. ἀλοιφή rich, abundant fat, Od.;—then of other things, θαλερὸν κατὰ δάκρυ χέουςα shedding big tears, Il.; θ. γόος the thick and frequent sob, Od.; θαλερὴ φωνή a full, rich voice, Hom.
1. warming: metaph. comfort, consolation, source of hope, Hom.
1. the firstlings of the harvest, offerings of first fruits, Il., Theocr.
1. often, oft-times, Hom., etc.
1. poet. adj. only in pl., crowded, close-set, thick, Hom.
1. to come often, Lat. frequentare, Hom., Xen.
2. to be often or constantly engaged with or in a thing, Od.; οὔτι κομιζόμενός γε θάμιζεν he was not wont to be so cared for, id=Od.; μινύρεται θαμίζουςα ἀηδών mourns often or constantly, Soph.
1. to be astounded, amazed, Hom., Soph., Eur.
2. c. acc. to be astonished at, marvel at, Od., Pind.
3. Causal, to surprise:—Pass., τεθαμβημένος astounded, Plut.
1. to be of good courage, take courage, Il., etc.:—in bad sense, to be over-bold, audacious, Thuc., Plat.; θάρςει, θαρςεῖτε, take courage! cheer up, Hom., etc.; θαρςήςας with good courage, Il.; so, θαρςῶν Hdt., attic:—also, τὸ τεθαρρηκός confidence, Plut.
2. c. acc., θάρςει τόνδε γ̆ ἄεθλον take heart for this struggle, Od.; θ. θάνατον Plat.; θ. μάχην to venture a fight, Xen.:—c. acc. pers. to have confidence in, id=Xen.:—so also, θαρςεῖν τινι Hdt.
3. c. inf. to believe confidently that, Soph.; also, to make bold or venture to do, Xen.
1. bold, of good courage, ready, daring, undaunted, Il., attic: —τὸ θαρςαλέον confidence, Thuc.:—so in adv., θαρραλέως ἔχειν to be of good courage, Plat., Xen.
2. in bad sense, overbold, audacious, Od.
3. that which may be ventured on, Plat.
1. Causal of θαρςέω, to encourage, cheer, θάρςυνον (aor1 imperat.) Il.; θαρςύνεςκε (ionic imperf.) id=Il.; so Hdt., Thuc., etc.
2. intr. θάρςυνε be of good courage, Soph.
1. to wonder, marvel, be astonied, Il., etc.
2. c. acc. to look on with wonder and amazement, to wonder at, marvel at, Hom., Hdt., attic
3. to honour, admire, worship, Lat. admirari, observare, Od., Hdt., attic:—θ. τινά τινος for a thing, Thuc.; ἐπί τινι Xen.
4. c. gen. to wonder at, marvel at, Thuc., etc.; θ. ςοῦ λέγοντος Plat.
5. c. dat. rei, to wonder at, Thuc.
6. c. acc. et inf., θ. ςε πενθεῖν Eur.
7. Pass. to be looked at with wonder, Hdt.; θαυμάζεται μὴ παρών, i. e. I keep wondering that he is not present, Soph.
8. to be admired, Hdt.; τὰ εἰκότα θ. to receive proper marks of respect, Thuc.
1. of objects, whatever one regards with wonder, a wonder, marvel, Hom., Hes.; θαῦμα, of Polypheme, Od.; θαῦμα βροτοῖςι, of a beautiful woman, id=Od.; c. inf., θαῦμα ἰδέςθαι or ἰδεῖν a wonder to behold, id=Od., Eur.; καὶ θαῦμά γ̆ οὐδέν and no wonder, Ar.: —θῶμα ποιεῖςθαί τι Hdt.:—in pl., θαύματ̆ ἐμοὶ κλύειν Aesch.; θαυμάτων κρείςςονα or πέρα things more than wondrous, Eur.
2. in pl. also jugglers' tricks, mountebank-gambols, Xen., etc.
3. of the feeling, wonder, astonishment, Od., etc.; ἐν θώματι εἶναι or γίγνεςθαι to be astonished, Hdt., Thuc.; τινός at a thing, Hdt.
1. fem. of θεός, a goddess, Hom.; often with another Subst., θεὰ μήτηρ Il.:— τὰ θεά in dual are Demeter and Persephone (Ceres and Proserpine) Soph.; αἱ ςεμναὶ θεαί the Furies, id=Soph.
1. Dep.
2. to look on, gaze at, view, behold, Hom., Hdt., attic; ἐθεᾶτο τὴν θέςιν τῆς πόλεως reconnoitred it, Thuc.
3. to view as spectators, οἱ θεώμενοι the spectators in a theatre, Ar.:—metaph., θ. τὸν πόλεμον to be spectators of the war, Hdt.
4. θ. τὸ ςτράτευμα to review it, Xen.
1. to strike, wound, Hom., Eur.:—Pass., θεινομένου πρὸς οὔδεϊ stricken to earth, Od.
2. metaph., θείνειν ὀνείδει Aesch.
3. intr. of ships, θ. ἐπ̆ ἀκτᾶς to strike on the shore, id=Aesch.
1. a charm, spell, enchantment, of the girdle of Aphrodite, Il.; θεῶν θελκτήριον a means of soothing the gods, Od.; νεκροῖς θελκτήρια, of offerings to the Manes, Eur.
1. godlike, Hom.
1. divine of form, Hom., Plat.
1. to prophesy, only in part. masc., θεοπροπέων ἀγορεύεις Hom., Pind., etc.
1. a prophecy, oracle
1. a prophecy, oracle, Il.; ἐκ θεοπροπίου according to an oracle, Hdt.
1. foretelling things by a spirit of prophecy, prophetic, Il., Soph.
2. as Subst. a seer, prophet, diviner, Hom.
3. a public messenger sent to enquire of the oracle, Il., Hdt., Aesch.
1. a waiting-man, attendant, Od., etc.; differing from dou=los, as implying free service; and in Hom. a companion in arms, though inferior in rank; as Patroclus is the companion or esquire of Achilles; Meriones of Idomeneus, Il.; so the charioteer is ἡνίοχος θεράπων; kings were Διὸς θεράποντες; warriors θεράποντες Ἄρηος, etc.:—c. dat., οἶκος ξένοιςι θεράπων devoted to the service of its guests, Pind.
2. later, simply, a servant, Hdt.:—in Chios, θεράποντες was the name for their slaves, Thuc.
1. to warm, heat, Il., Aesch., etc.:—Pass. to be heated, grow hot, Od.
2. metaph. to heat, ἕως ἐθέρμην̆ αὐτὸν φλὸξ οἴνου Eur.; ςπλάγχνα θ. Ar.; πολλὰ θ. φρενί to cherish hot feelings, Aesch.:—Pass., θερμαίνεςθαι ἐλπίςι to glow with hope, Soph.; χαρᾶι θ. καρδίαν to have one's heart warm with joy, Eur.
1. hot, warm, θερμὰ λοετρά Hom.; of tears, id=Hom., etc.
2. metaph. hot, hasty, rash, headlong, like Lat. calidus, Aesch., Ar., etc.
3. still warm, fresh, ἴχνη Anth.
4. τὸ θερμόν ͂ θερμότης, heat, Lat. calor, Hdt., Plat., etc.
5. θερμόν (sc. ὕδωρ), hot water, θερμῷ λοῦςθαι Ar.
6. τὰ θερμά (sub. χωρία), Hdt.: but (sub. λουτρά), hot baths, Xen.
7. adv. -mw=s, Plat.
1. properly of the voice, divinely sounding, divinely sweet, Hom., Pind.
2. that can be spoken by none but God, i. e. unspeakable, ineffable; hence,
3. like θεῖος, divine, Hom.; dat. fem. θεςπεςίῃ (sc. βουλῇ) by the will of God, id=Hom.; θ. ὁδός the way of divination, of Cassandra, Aesch.
4. wondrous, marvellous, portentous, awful, of things, Hom.; θ. χαλκός marvellous fine brass, Od., Il.; θ. ὀδμή a smell divinely sweet, Od.; so in Hdt., θεςπέςιον ὡς ἡδύ:—of human affairs, θ. φόβος Il., etc.
5. adv. -i/ws, q. e)fo/bhqen they trembled unspeakably, id=Il.: so neut. as adv., Theocr.
1. kindled by a god, θ. πῦρ furious, portentous fire, such as seems more than natural, Hom.
1. god-built, made or founded by the gods, Il., Pind., etc.
1. God, Hom., both in general sense, Θεὸς δώςει God will grant, and in particular sense, θεός τις a god; πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Hom.:—things are said to happen ςὺν θεῷ, ςύν γε θεοῖςιν by the will of God, id=Hom., etc.; οὐκ ἄνευ θεοῦ, Lat. non sine diis, Od.; οὐκ ἄνευθε θεοῦ Il.; οὐ θεῶν ἄτερ Pind.;— ἐκ θεόφι Il.;— ὑπὲρ θεόν against his will, id=Il.;— κατὰ θεόν τινα, Lat. divinitus, Eur.:—as an oath, πρὸς θεῶν by the gods, in God's name, Trag.; θεὸς ἴςτω Soph., etc.
2. θεός as fem. for θεά, θέαινα, a goddess, Hom.; θήλεια θεός Il.; ἡ νερτέρα θ. Proserpine, Soph.; often in oaths, νὴ τὼ θεώ id=Soph.; ναὶ τὼ ςιώ, with the Spartans, of Castor and Pollux, Xen.; with the Boeotians, of Amphion and Zethus, id=Xen.
3. as adj. in comp. θεώτερος, more divine, θύραι θ. doors more used by the gods, Od.
1. an instrument of the chase, a net, trap, Xen.
1. a hunter, Il.
1. a hunter, huntsman, Il.; κυςὶ θηρευτῇςι id=Il.; also of a fisher, Hdt.
1. of or for hunting, κύνες θ. hounds, Ar., Xen.; βίος θ. the life of hunters, Arist.
1. to be a serf or menial, serve for hire, Hom., Hdt., attic
1. to crush, bruise, Hom.
1. to die, be dying, in aor2 and perf. to be dead, Hom., etc.; the pres. sometimes takes a perf. sense, θνήςκουςι γάρ, for τεθνήκαςι, Soph., Eur.
2. often used like a pass. Verb, χερςὶν ὑπ̆ Αἴαντος θανέειν to fall by his hand, be slain by him, Il., etc.:—note the phrase of Dem., τεθνᾶςι τῶι δέει τοὺς τοιούτους, where τεθνᾶςι τῶι δέει must be taken as a single Verb, are in mortal fear of.
3. metaph. of things, to die, perish, Aesch., Soph., etc.
1. liable to death, mortal, Hom., etc.:—as Subst., θνητοί mortals, Od., Trag.
2. of things, befitting mortals, human, Pind., Eur., etc.
1. θοῦρις ἀςπίς, the shield with which one rushes to the fight, Il.
1. rushing, raging, impetuous, furious, Il., Aesch.
1. courage, boldness, Il., Soph.; θρ. ἰςχύος confidence in strength, Soph.
2. in bad sense, over-boldness, daring, rashness, audacity, impudence, attic, Hdt.
1. the hair of the head, used by Hom. only in pl.; attic also in sg.; Hom., etc.:—also sheep's wool, Il.; pig's bristles, Hom.; οὐραῖαι τρίχες the hair of a horse's tail, Il.
2. a single hair, proverb., θρὶξ ἀνὰ μέςςον only a hair's breadth between, Theocr.; ἄξιον τριχός, i. e. good for nothing, Ar.
1. bold of heart, Il.
1. bravely steadfast (cf. Μέμνων), Hom.
1. bold, spirited, courageous, confident, Hom., Hdt., attic; θραςεῖα τοῦ μέλλοντος full of confidence for the future, Thuc.
2. in bad sense, over-bold, rash, venturous, Lat. audax, Od., attic
3. of things, to be ventured, c. inf., θραςύ μοι τόδ̆ εἰπεῖν this I am bold to say, Pind.; οὐκ ἆρ̆ ἐκείνῳ προςμῖξαι θραςύ; Soph.
4. adv. -e/ws: comp. θραςύτερον, too boldly, Thuc.
1. to sing a dirge, to wail, Od., Aesch.:—c. acc. cogn., ἀοιδὴν ἐθρήνεον were singing a dirge, Il.; ὠιδάς, ἐπωιδάς θρ. Soph.:—Pass., ἅλις μοι τεθρήνηται, impers., id=Il.
2. c. acc. objecti, to wail for, lament, Aesch., etc.; so also Mid., id=Aesch.:—Pass. to be lamented, Soph.
1. to crush, shiver, smash:— Pass., θρυλίχθη δὲ μέτωπον (epic for ἐθρυλίχθη) Il.
1. ground rising from the plain, an eminence, Il.
1. flowers embroidered on cloth, patterns, Il.
2. flowers or herbs used as drugs and charms, Theocr.
1. a seat, chair, Hom.: a throne, chair of state, Hdt., attic:—in pl. also, the throne, i. e. the king's estate or dignity, Soph.
2. the oracular seat of Apollo or the Pythia, Aesch., etc.
3. the chair of a teacher, Lat. cathedra, Plat.
1. a noise as of many voices, Il.; of musical sounds, Pind.
2. the murmuring of a crowd, Thuc.
3. a report, Lat. rumor, Xen.
1. a rush, Lat. juncus, Il.
1. a funeral-song, dirge, lament, Lat. naenia, Il., Hdt., Trag.; θρῆνος οὑμός for me, Aesch.
2. a complaint, sad strain, Pind., etc.
1. a footstool, Hom.
2. θρ. ἑπταπόδης the seven-foot bench, the seat of the helmsman or the rowers, Il.
1. to leap, spring, ἐκ δίφροιο, ἀπὸ λέκτροιο Hom.; of arrows, ἀπὸ νευρῆφι θρῶςκον Il.; of the oar, Soph.
2. foll. by prep. to leap upon, i. e. attack, assault, ἐπὶ Τρώεςςι θόρον Il.: —of a recurring illness, to attack, Soph.
3. generally, to rush, dart, Pind., Soph.:—metaph., πεδάρςιοι θρώςκουςι leap up into air, i. e. vanish away, Aesch.
4. trans. to mount, ὁ θρώςκων the sire, id=Aesch.
1. smoking or smelling with incense, fragrant, Hom., Hes.
1. a daughter, Hom., etc.
1. the part of the victim that was burnt, the primal offering, mostly in pl., Il., Ar.:—metaph., θυηλὴ Ἄρεος, an offering to Ares, i. e. the blood of the slain, Soph.
1. heart-grieving, Hom., Hdt.
2. pass. inly grieving, καρδία Aesch.
1. suiting the heart, i. e. well-pleasing, dear, delightful, Hom.:—neut. as adv. in the form θυμῆρες, Od.
1. eating the heart, Il.
1. lion-hearted, coeur-de-lion, Il.
1. life-destroying, Il.
1. destroying the soul, life-destroying, Od.:— heart-breaking, id=Od.; of persons, troublesome, annoying, id=Od.:— θυμοφθόρα πολλά (sc. ςήματα) tokens poisoning the king's mind (against Bellerophon), Il.
1. the soul:
2. like Lat. anima, the soul, breath, life, θυμὸν ἀπαυρᾶν, ἀφελέςθαι, ἐξελέςθαι, ἐξαίνυςθαι, ὀλέςαι to take away life, Hom.; θυμὸν ἀποπνείειν to expire, Il.; θυμὸν ἀγείρειν to collect oneself, id=Il., etc.; θυμὸς τείρετο καμάτῳ his spirit was wearied by toil, id=Il.
3. like Lat. animus, the soul, heart; and so,
4. of desire for meat and drink, ἔπιον θ̆ ὅςον ἤθελε θυμός id=Il.:—c. inf., βαλέειν δέ ἑ θυμὸς ἀνώγει his heart bade him shoot, id=Il.; ἤθελε θυμῷ he wished in his heart or with all his heart, id=Il.; θυμῷ βουλόμενος wishing with all one's heart, Hdt.; so, ἐκ θυμοῦ φιλέειν Il.:— θυμός ἐςτί μοι, θ. γίγνεταί μοι, c. inf., I have a mind to do . . , id=Il., Xen., etc.:—also as the seat of sorrow or joy, χαῖρε δὲ θυμῷ Il.; ἄχνυτο θυμός id=Il., etc.
5. mind, temper, will, θ. πρόφρων, νηλεής, ςιδήρεος Hom.; ἕνα θυμὸν ἔχειν to be of one mind, Il.; δόκηςε δ̆ ἄρα ςφίςι θυμὸς ὣς ἔμεν it pleased them to be of this mind, Od.; ἐδαί̈ζετο θωμός their mind was divided, Il.
6. spirit, courage, μένος καὶ θυμός id=Il.; θυμὸν λαμβάνειν to take heart, Od.; παραὶ ποςὶ κάππεςε θυμός Il., etc.
7. as the seat of anger, νεμεςίζεςθαι ἐνὶ θυμῷ id=Il.:—hence, anger, wrath, δάμαςον θυμόν id=Il.; θυμὸς μέγας ἐςτὶ βαςιλῆος id=Il.
8. the soul as the agent of thought, ᾔδεε γὰρ κατὰ θυμόν id=Il.; φράζετο θυμῷ id=Il.
1. the sacrificing priest, Hom., Eur.
1. tasseled, fringed, of the aegis, Il.
1. laden with incense, odorous, fragrant, Il., Eur.
1. to fill with sweet smells: perf. pass. part., ἔλαιον τεθυωμένον fragrant oil. Il.
1. a penalty, Hom.
1. = qwraki/zw, to arm with breastplate: and, generally, to arm, get men under arms, Il.
2. Mid. and Pass., θωρήςςομαι, fut. ξομαι: aor1 ἐθωρήχθην:— to arm oneself, put one's harness on, Hom.; τεύχε̆ ἐνείκω θωρηχθῆναι I will bring you arms to arm yourselves withal, Od.; πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους θωρήξομαι Ar.
3. to make drunk, to intoxicate, Theogn.:— Mid. to drink unmixed wine, to get drunk, id=Theogn.
1. armed with breastplate, Il.
1. a furious storm, hurricane, Hom.; πυρὸς θύελλαι thunderstorms, Od.; ποντία θ. Soph.; metaph., ἄτης θύελλαι Aesch.
1. to rush or dart along, mostly of warriors in battle, Hom., Pind.
1. a sacrifice, offering, Hom., etc.
1. a door, Hom., mostly in pl. double or folding doors, in full δικλίδες θύραι Od.: θύρην ἐπιτιθέναι, to put to the door, opp. to ἀνακλίνειν, Il.; so, τὴν θ. προςτιθέναι Hdt.; ἐπιςπάςαι Xen.; θύραν κόπτειν, πατάςςειν, κρούειν, Lat. januam pulsare, to knock, rap at the door, Ar., Plat.; metaph., ἐπὶ ταῖς θύραις at the door, i. e. close at hand, Xen.
2. from the Eastern custom of receiving petitions at the gate αἱ τοῦ βαςιλέως θύραι became a phrase, βαςιλέως θύραις παιδεύονται are educated at court, id=Xen.; αἱ ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας φοιτήςεις dangling after the court, id=Xen.
3. proverb., γλώςςῃ θύραι οὐκ ἐπίκεινται (cf. ἀθυρόςτομος) Theogn.; ἐπὶ θύραις τὴν ὑδρίαν to break the pitcher at the very door, = "there's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip," Arist.
4. the door of a carriage, Xen.
5. θύρη καταπακτή a trap-door, Hdt.
6. a frame of planks, a raft, φραξάμενοι τὴν ἀκρόπολιν θύρῃςί τε καὶ ξύλοις with planks and logs, id=Hdt.
7. generally, an entrance, as to a grotto, Od.
1. properly θύρας-δε, out to the door, out of the door, Lat. foras, Hom.
2. generally, out, id=Hom.; θ. ἐξιέναι to go out of the ship, Il.:—so in attic, ἐκφέρειν θ., ἐξέλκειν τινὰ θ. Ar.; οἱ θ. those outside, id=Ar.
3. c. gen., ἁλὸς θ. out of the sea, Od.; θ. τῶν νόμων, like ἔξω, Eur.
1. a door, Hom., etc.
1. a tassel, in pl. tassels, fringe, Hdt.; of the tufts of the golden fleece, Pind.
1. the implements of Bacchus, the thyrsi and torches of the Bacchantes, Il.
1. to rush on or along, of a rushing wind, Od.; of a swollen river, Il.; of the sea, Od.; δάπεδον αἵματι θῦεν the ground boiled with blood, id=Od.:—generally, to storm, rage, Il., Aesch.
1. a breastplate, cuirass, corslet, Lat. lorica, Il.:— the breast and back pieces which composed it were called γύαλα, which were fastened by clasps (ὀχεῖς) on both sides.
2. the part covered by the breastplate, the trunk, Eur., Plat.
3. the breastwork of a wall, the outer wall, Hdt.
1. the jackal, Il., Hdt.
1. a seat, chair, Hom.; θῶκοι ἀμπαυςτήριοι seats for resting, Hdt.; θᾶκος κραιπνόςυτος, of a winged car, Aesch., etc.
2. a chair of office, Ar.
3. a privy, Theophr.
4. in Hom. a sitting in council, a council, Od.; θῶκόνδε to the council, id=Od.; ἐν θώκῳ κατήμενος sitting in council, Hdt.
1. of female sex, female, θήλεια θεός a goddess, Il.; θήλειαι ἵπποι mares, Od.; ςύες θήλειαι sows, id=Od.; ὄϊς θῆλυς a ewe, Il.; ἄπαις θήλεος γόνου without female issue, Hdt.:— ἡ θήλεα, attic -εια, the female, id=Hdt., Aesch.; χρῆμα θηλειῶν woman-kind, Eur.; τὸ θῆλυ γένος or τὸ θῆλυ the female sex, woman kind, id=Eur.
2. of or belonging to women, Hdt., Aesch.; θ. φόνος murder by women, Eur.
3. in Gramm. feminine.
4. applied to persons and things,
5. fresh, refreshing, of dew, Hes.
6. tender, delicate, gentle, θηλύτεραι γυναῖκες, θηλύτεραι θεαί (where the comp. is used much like a Positive), Hom.; θῆλυς ἀπὸ χροιᾶς delicate of skin, Theocr.; of character, soft, yielding, weak, γυνὴ θῆλυς οὖςα Soph.
1. fit for burning, dry, Hom., Theocr.
1. to be seated, Hom., etc.
2. to be seated in court, Ar.; οἱ καθήμενοι the judges, the court, Thuc., etc.
3. to sit still, sit quiet, Lat. desidere, Hom., Hdt.: in bad sense, to sit or lie idle, Il., etc.
4. of a besieging army, to sit down or lie before a place, Eur., Thuc.
5. to lead a sedentary life, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
6. of people, to be settled, Hdt.
1. beauty, Hom., etc.:— ἐς κάλλος with an eye to beauty, so as to set off her beauty, Eur.; but, εἰς κ. ζῆν for pleasure, Xen.
2. of persons, a beauty, id=Xen., Luc.
3. in pl. also rich garments and stuffs, Aesch., Plat.; κάλλεα κηροῦ beautiful works of wax, i. e. honeycombs, Anth.
1. a head-covering used by women, a hood or veil, Il.; worn by brides, Aesch.; a covering put over the face of the dead, Soph.
2. a grave, Anth.
1. a covering, used only of flowers and fruit:
2. the shell or pod of plants, Hdt.; κάλυκος ἐν λοχεύμαςι, i. e. when the fruit is setting, Aesch.
3. the calyx of a flower, a bud, a rose-bud, Hhymn., Theocr.
4. in Il. 18. 401, κάλυκες seem to be earrings like flower-cups.
1. a vine-pole, vine-prop, Il., Hes.
2. the shaft of a spear, Aesch., Eur.
3. the tiller of the rudder, Luc.
1. toil, trouble, labour, Od., Soph., Eur.
2. the effects of toil, distress, weariness, Hom.; ὕπνῳ καὶ καμάτῳ ἀρημένος (so Hor., ludo fatigatumque somno), Od.
3. that which is earned by toil, ἡμέτερος κάματος our hard-won earnings, id=Od.; ἀλλότριος κάματος the earnings of other men's toil, Hes.
4. the result of labour, a work, a thing wrought by the lathe, Anth.
1. trans. to work of smith's work, ςκῆπτρον, τὸ μὲν hφαιςτος κάμε which he wrought, Il.; κ. νῆας Od.
2. Mid. to win by toil, τὰς (sc. γυναῖκας) αὐτοὶ καμόμεςθα Il.
3. to work or till by labour, Od.
4. intr. to work, labour, Thuc.:—then, to be weary, ἀνδρὶ δὲ κεκμηῶτι μένος οἶνος ἀέξει Il.; οὐδέ τι γυῖα κάμνει nor is he weary in limb, id=Il.; περὶ δ̆ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται he will have his hand weary in grasping the spear, id=Il.:—c. part., κάμνει πολεμίζων, ἐλαύνων is weary of fighting, rowing, id=Il.; οὐκ ἔκαμον τανύων I found no trouble in stringing the bow, i. e. did it without trouble, Od.; οὔτοι καμοῦμαι λέγουςα I shall never be tired of saying, Aesch., etc.
5. to be sick or ill, suffer under illness, οἱ κάμνοντες the sick, Hdt., etc.; so, κάμνειν νόςον Eur.; κ. τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς Hdt.
6. generally, to suffer, be distressed or afflicted, ςτρατοῦ καμόντος Aesch.; οὐ καμεῖ will not have to complain, Soph.; οὐκ ἴςον καμὼν ἐμοὶ λύπης not having borne an equal share of grief with me, id=Soph.
7. οἱ καμόντες (aor. part.) those who have done their work, Lat. defuncti, i. e. the dead, Hom.; so, κεκμηκότες Eur., Thuc.
1. to bend, curve, ὄφρα ἰτὺν κάμψηι that he may bend it into a chariot-rail, Il.; γόνυ κ. to bend the knee so as to sit down and rest, id=Il.; οὐ κάμπτων γόνυ, i. e. never resting, Aesch.; so, κ. κῶλα Soph.; then, κάμπτειν alone, to sit down, rest, id=Soph.;—also, γόνυ κ. to bend the knee in worship, NTest.
2. to turn or guide a horse or chariot round the turning-post (καμπή II); hence, of the horse or chariot, κάμψαι διαύλου θάτερον κῶλον πάλιν to double the post (καμπτήρ) and return along the second half of the δίαυλος, Aesch.; κάμπτοντος ἵππου as the horse was turning, Soph.:—metaph., κ. βίον to make the last turn in the course of life, id=Soph.; κ. βίου τέλος Eur.
3. so also of seamen, to double a headland, ἄκρην κ. Hdt.; also, κ. περὶ ἄκραν Ar.; κ. κόλπον to wind round the bay, Hdt.
4. absol., πάλιν κ. to turn back, Eur.; ἐγγὺς τῶν ἐμῶν κάμπτεις φρενῶν thou comest near my meaning, id=Eur.
5. metaph., like Lat. flectere, κάμπτειν τινά to bend or bow one down, Pind.:—Pass. to be bowed down, Aesch., Thuc.; κάμπτομαι I submit, Plat.
1. a basket of reed or cane, a bread-basket, Lat. canistrum, Hom., Hdt., attic; also made of metal, Hom.: —it was used for the sacred barley at sacrifices, ἔχεν οὐλὰς ἐν κανέῳ Od.
1. a ditch, trench, Il.:— a hole, grave, id=Il., Soph.
1. a crib for the food of cattle, manger, Hom.
1. a wild boar, Il.; also, ςῦς κάπριος id=Il.
2. as adj. κάπριος, ον, like a wild boar, Hdt.
1. the boar, wild boar, Lat. aper, Il., etc.; also, ςῦς κάπρος id=Il.
1. the head, mostly in pl., ἀνδρῶν κάρηνα, periphr. for ἄνδρες, Il.; νεκύων κ., for νέκυες, Od.; βοῶν κ., as we say, so many head of cattle, Il.
2. metaph. of mountain- peaks, Οὐλύμποιο κ. id=Il.; and of towns, a citadel, id=Il.
1. strength, vigour, courage, Hom., Hes.
1. down-hill, Il.
1. to go or come down, Hom., etc.:—esp. to go down to the grave, Il.; of a ship, to sail down to land, Od.; of a wind, to come sweeping down, Thuc.
2. to come back, return, Od.; of exiles, to return home, Hdt., attic
1. with verbs of Motion, down, downwards, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. with Verbs of Rest, beneath, below, underneath, opp. to ἄνω, Hes.: —esp. in the world below, Soph., Plat.
3. geographically below, southward, Hdt.; but also, on the coast, Thuc.
4. as a prep. c. gen. under, below, Trag.
5. comp. κατωτέρω, lower, further, downwards, Ar.; c. gen. lower than, below, Hdt.
6. Sup. κατωτάτω, at the lowest part, id=Hdt.
1. of cedar, Il., Eur.
1. a noise as of rushing waters: a loud noise, din, clamour, Il.
2. a loud clear voice, a shout, cry, Aesch., Soph., etc.
3. the sound of music, Eur.
1. a road, way, path, track, Hom., etc.; ὑγρὰ κέλευθα, ἰχθυόεντα κέλευθα, of the sea, Od.; ἀνέμων κέλευθα or κέλευθοι Hom.; ἐγγὺς γὰρ νυκτός τε καὶ ἤματός εἰςι κέλευθοι i. e. night and day follow closely, Od.; ἄρκτου ςτροφάδες κ. their paths or orbits, Soph.
2. a journey, voyage, Hom.; πολλὴ κ., i. e. a great distance, Soph.
3. an expedition, Aesch.
4. a way of going, walk, gait, Eur.:—metaph. a way of life, Aesch., Eur.
1. to urge on, exhort, command, in Hom.; constructed like κελεύω.
2. much like καλέω, to call, call to, Il.: also, to call on for aid, Soph.
3. to call by name, call, Pind.
1. any sharp point:
2. a horsegoad, Lat. stimulus, Il., etc.: also an ox-goad, Plat.; —proverb., πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζειν, v. lakti/zw 2.
3. metaph. a goad, spur, incentive, Aesch., Eur.
4. an instrument of torture, Hdt.:—metaph. in pl. tortures, pangs, Soph.
5. the sting of bees and wasps, Ar.; of a scorpion, Dem.; metaph. of the impression produced by Socrates, ὥςπερ μέλιττα τὸ κ. ἐγκαταλιπών Plat.
6. the stationary point of a pair of compasses, the centre of a circle, id=Plat.
1. a goader, driver, Il.
1. potter's earth, potter's clay, Plat.
2. anything made of this earth, as,
3. an earthen vessel, wine-jar, Il., Hdt.: also in collective sense, pottery, Ar.; κ. ἐςάγεται πλήρης οἴνου jars full of wine, Hdt.
4. a tile, and in collective sense, the tiles, tiling, Ar., Thuc.
5. a jar, used to confine a person in, Il.
1. the horn of an animal, as of oxen, Il.; ὀφθαλμοὶ δ̆ ὡςεὶ κέρα ἔςταςαν his eyes stood fixed and stiff like horns, Od.
2. horn, as a material, αἱ μὲν γὰρ [αἱ πύλαι] κεράεςςι τετεύχαται, of the horn doors, through which the true dreams came, id=Od.
3. anything made of horn,
4. a bow, Il., Hom., Theocr.
5. of musical instruments, a horn for blowing, Xen.: a flute, Luc.
6. a drinking-horn, Xen.
7. βοὸς κ. a horn guard or pipe to which the leadweight (μολύβδαινα) of a fishing-line was attached, Hom.
8. κέρατα the horn points with which the writing-reed was tipped, Anth.
9. an arm or branch of a river, Hes., Thuc.
10. the wing of an army or fleet, Hdt., attic; κατὰ κέρας προςβάλλειν, ἐπιπίπτειν to attack in flank, Thuc., Xen.; ἐπὶ κέρας ἄγειν to lead towards the wing, i. e. in column, not with a broad front, Lat. agmine longo, Hdt., attic
11. any projection, e. g. a mountain-peak, Xen.
1. gain, profit, advantage, Lat. lucrum, Od.; ποιεῖςθαί τι ἐν κέρδει, Horace's lucro apponere, Hdt.; so, κέρδος ἡγεῖςθαι or νομίζειν τι Eur., Thuc.
2. desire of gain, love of gain, Find., Trag.
3. in pl. cunning arts, wiles, tricks, Hom.
1. cared for, dear, beloved, Il.
2. careful of, or caring for, c. gen., Eur.
3. of a funeral or tomb, mourning, sepulchral, Aesch., Eur.
1. given in charge for burial, Il.
1. most worthy of our care, most cared for, Hom.
2. nearest allied by marriage, Od.
1. Act. to trouble, distress, vex, Hom.
2. Mid. and Pass. to be troubled or distressed for others, c. gen. pers., Il., etc.: also c. gen. rei, τῶν ἀλφίτων Ar.:—absol. in part. κηδόμενος, η, ον, caring for a person, anxious, Il.
1. burning, Il.:—so κήλειος, id=Il.
1. the goddess of death, hence doom, fate, Hom.; in full, Κὴρ Θανάτοιο Od.; Κῆρες Θανάτοιο Il.: generally, bane, ruin, βαρεῖα μὲν κὴρ τὸ μὴ πιθέςθαι grievous ruin it were not to obey, Aesch.; κὴρ οὐ καλή an unseemly calamity, Soph.
1. to be spread abroad or over, of the dawning day, Il.; ὕπνος ἐπ̆ ὄςςοις κ. Eur.
1. = kiqa/ra, Hom., etc.
2. = kiqaristu/s, id=Hom.
1. Dep., to go, move, ἐς πόλεμον κίνυντο (epic imperf.) they were marching to battle, Il.; κινυμένοιο as he moved, id=Il.
1. a kind of hawk or falcon, so called from its wheeling flight, ἵρηξ κίρκος (where ἵρηξ is the generic term, κίρκος the specific, like βοῦς τοῦρος) , Od.
2. a ring, circle, mostly in form κρίκος.
1. to go, Hom., Aesch.
1. to surpass, excel, ἐκαίνυτο φῦλ̆ ἀνθρώπων νῆα κυβερνῆςαι he surpassed mankind in steering, Od.; ἐγχείηι δ̆ ἐκέκαςτο Πανέλληνας he excelled all the Hellenes in throwing the spear, id=Od.; ὁμηλικίην ἐκέκαςτο γνῶναι surpassed them all in knowledge, id=Od.: esp. in part., δόλοιςι κεκαςμένε excellent in wiles, id=Od.: τέχνηιςι κεκαςμένος Hes.; φρουραῖς κέκαςται is well furnished with, Eur.
1. of Place, in or at the right place, hence of parts of the body, ἐν καιρίῳ, κατὰ καίριον in a vital part, Il.; also, of wounds, πέπληγμαι καιρίαν πληγήν, καιρίας πληγῆς τυχεῖν Aesch.; πληγή is sometimes omitted, Hdt.:— adv. -i/ws, mortally, Aesch.
2. of Time, in season, seasonable, timely, opportune, Hdt., Trag., etc.; τὰ καίρια timely circumstances, opportunities, Thuc.
3. lasting but for a season, Anth.
4. adv. -ri/ws, in season, seasonably, Aesch.: comp. -ωτέρως Xen.:—so also, πρὸς τὸ καίριον Soph.
1. to light, kindle, πυρὰ πολλά Il.; πῦρ κῆαι Od.; Mid., πῦρ κήαντο they lighted them a fire, Hom.:—Pass. to be lighted, to burn, Il., Hdt., etc.
2. to set on fire, burn up, burn, Hom.
3. to burn, scorch, of the sun, Hdt.:—also of extreme cold (as Virg. penetrabile frigus adurit), Xen.
4. Pass., of fever-heat, to be burnt or parched up, Thuc.: metaph. of passion, Pind., etc.
5. to burn and destroy (in war), τέμνειν καὶ κ., κ. καὶ πορθεῖν to waste with fire and sword, Xen.
6. of surgeons, to cauterise, τέμνειν καὶ κάειν to use knife and cautery, Plat., Xen.
1. to laugh aloud, Lat. cachinnari, in epic forms, 3rd pl. καγχαλόωςι Il.; part. καγχαλόων, -όωςα Hom. (Like καχάζω, formed from the sound.)
1. Dep., to leap down, Xen.: metaph. of a storm, to rush down, Il.
1. to fasten, fix or put upon, τί τινι Soph.; so, κ. τι ἀμφί τινι Eur.; ἐπί τι Xen.:—Pass., βρόχῳ καθημμένος (perf. part.) fastened with a halter, i. e. hung, Soph.
2. to dress, clothe, in Mid., ςκευῇ ςῶμ̆ ἐμὸν καθάψομαι Eur.
3. intr. in sense of Mid. (II), to lay hold of, τινός NTest.
4. Mid., καθάπτεςθαί τινα ἐπέεςςι, in good or bad sense, as, ςὺ τόν γ̆ ἐπέεςςι καθάπτεςθαι μαλακοῖςι or μειλιχίοις do thou accost or address him with gentle words, Hom.; or, ἀντιβίοις ἐπέεςςι καθαπτόμενος assailing or attacking . . , Od.: also without qualifying words, to accost or assail, γέροντα καθαπτόμενος προςέειπεν id=Od.
5. c. gen. to assail, attack, upbraid, Hdt., attic;—also, like Lat. antestari, θεῶν καταπτόμενος appealing to them, Hdt.
6. to lay hold of, τυραννίδος Solon.; βρέφεος Theocr.
1. Dep.:— to sit down, take one's seat, Hom., Trag.
2. to sit as suppliants, Eur., Thuc.
3. to sit down in a country, encamp, Thuc.
1. to clothe, v. katae/nnumi.
1. Causal, to make to sit down, seat, Il., Hdt.; καθίςαι τινὰ εἰς θρόνον Xen.
2. to set or place, Hom.; καθίςαι ςτρατόν to encamp it, Eur., Thuc.
3. to set or place for any purpose, post, Od.; καθίςαι φυλάκους, φύλακας to set guards, Hdt., Xen.
4. to set up, ἀνδριάντα κάθεςςαν Pind.
5. to make an assembly take their seats, Od.; κ. τὸ δικαςτήριον to hold the court, Ar.
6. to put into a certain condition, κλαίοντά τινα κ. to set him a-weeping, Plat.; also, κλαίειν τινὰ κ. to make him weep, Xen.
7. intr., like καθέζομαι, to sit down, be seated, take one's seat, sit, Hom., etc.:—c. acc., καθ. τρίποδα, βωμόν, (as we say "to sit a horse"), Eur.
8. to sit at meals, Lat. discumbere, Xen.
9. to sit as judge, Hdt., Dem.
10. to sit down in a country, encamp, Thuc.
11. to settle, sink in, Plat.
12. the Mid. is also used in intr. sense, Il., Theocr., etc.; καθίζεςθαι to take their seats (in the theatre), Dem.
1. to send down, let fall, Lat. demittere, Hom., etc.; [ἱςτία] ἐς νῆας κάθεμεν (1st pl. aor2) we let down, lowered the sails, Od.; κ. ἄγκυραν Hdt.; κ. καταπειρητηρίην to let down a sounding-line, id=Hdt.; καθιέναι to sound, Plat.; καθῆκε τὰ ςκέλη let down his legs, of one who had been lying down, id=Plat.; κ. δόρυ to let down one's pike, bring it to the rest, Xen.; κ. τὰς κώπας to let down the oars, so as to stop the ship's way, Thuc.:—rarely of striking, δῐ ὀμφαλοῦ καθῆκεν ἔγχος Eur.; γόνυ καθεῖςαν sank on their knee, id=Eur.:— Pass. to come down, of a cow's udder, Hdt.; καθεῖτο τὰ τείχη the walls were carried down to the water, Thuc.
2. to send down into the arena, enter for racing, ἅρματα, ζεύγη id=Thuc.; τοῦτον τὸν λόγον καθεῖκε has entered this plea, Dem.
3. to set at, Lat. immittere, Luc.:—Pass. to be put in motion, ἡ ςτρατηλαςίη κατίετο ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα Hdt.
4. seemingly intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν), to swoop down like a wind, Ar.; of rivers, to run down, Plat.; κ. εἰς γόνυ to sink on the knee, Plut.
1. in Causal sense; of Act., pres., imperf., fut.; of Mid., the aor1, and sometimes pres.:— to set down, place, Il.; νῆα κατάςτηςον stop it, bring it to land, Od.; κ. δίφρον to station it, before starting for the race, Soph.:—Mid., [λαῖφος] κατεςτήςαντο steadied the sails, Hhymn.
2. to bring down to a place, Od., etc.:— to restore, ἐς φῶς ςὸν κατ. βίον Eur.:—Pass., οὐκ ἂν χάρις καθίςταιτο would not be returned, Thuc.
3. to bring before a magistrate or king, Hdt.
4. of soldiers, to set in order, to set as guards, Xen.
5. to ordain, appoint, Hdt., etc.:—in aor1 mid. to appoint for oneself, establish, institute, Hdt., Aesch.
6. esp. of political constitutions, to settle, establish, νόμους Eur., etc.; κατ. πολιτείαν, Lat. constituere rempublicam, Plat., etc.:— so in Mid., φρούρημα γῆς καθίςταμαι Aesch.; καθίςτατο τὰ περὶ τὴν Μιτυλήνην Thuc.
7. to bring into a certain state, κατ. δῆμον ἐς μοναρχίαν Eur.; κ. τινὰ ἐς ἀπόνοιαν, ἐς φόβον, ἐς ἀπορίαν Thuc.; so, κ. τοὺς φίλους ἐν ἀκινδύνῳ Xen.:—also, κ. ἑαυτὸν ἐς κρίςιν to present himself for trial, Thuc.
8. to make or render so and so, κ. τινα ψευδῆ Soph.; ἄπιςτον Thuc.:—rarely c. inf., καθ. τινὰ φεύγειν to make him fly, id=Thuc.:—Mid., τὴν ναυμαχίαν πεζομαχίαν καθίςταςθαι id=Thuc.
9. τὴν ζόην καταςτήςαςθαι ἀπ̆ ἔργων ἀνοςιωτάτων to get one's living by most unhallowed deeds, Hdt.
10. to make, continue, Aesch.; so in Mid., id=Aesch.
11. intr. in aor2, perf., and plup. of Act. (also in fut. καθεςτήξω), and in all tenses of Mid. (except aor. 1), and all of Pass.:— to be set, set oneself down, settle, arrive, ἐς τόπον Hdt., Soph.
12. to come before another, stand in his presence, Hdt.; καταςτὰς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος ἔλεγε Thuc.
13. to be set as guard, Hdt., etc.: to be appointed, Eur., etc.
14. to stand quiet, be calm, of water, Ar.; so, πνεῦμα καθεςτηκός id=Ar.; ὁ θόρυβος κατέςτη abated, Hdt.; so, of persons, καταςτάς composedly, Aesch.; ἡ καθεςτηκυῖα ἡλικία middle age, Thuc.
15. in perf. to come into a certain state, to become, and in aor2 and plup. to be, Hdt., etc.; καταςτάντων εὖ τῶν πρηγμάτων being in a good state, id=Hdt.; τίνι τρόπῳ καθέςτατε; in what case are ye? Soph.; ἀρξάμενος εὐθὺς καθιςταμένου (sc. τοῦ πολέμου) from its first commencement, Thuc.
16. to be established or instituted, to prevail, exist, Hdt., etc.: in perf. part., existing, established, prevailing, τὸν νῦν κατεςτεῶτα κόςμον id=Hdt.; οἱ καθεςτῶτες νόμοι Soph.; τὰ καθεςτῶτα the present state of life, id=Soph.; so, τὰ κατεςτεῶτα, existing laws, customs, Hdt.
17. Pass. to stand against, oppose, Τιτήνεςςι κατέςταθεν Hes.
1. of the person or thing purified, to make pure or clean, cleanse, clean, purge, καθήραντες χρόα ὕδατι Od.:— to purge, clear a land of monsters and robbers, Soph.
2. in religious sense, to cleanse, purify, [δέπας] ἐκάθηρε θεείωι purified it by fumigating with sulphur, Il.; καθ. τινὰ φόνου to purify him from blood, Hdt.; Δῆλον κ. id=Hdt.:—Mid. to purify oneself, get purified, id=Hdt.; οἱ φιλοςοφίαι καθηράμενοι Plat.:—so Pass., κεκαθαρμένος id=Hdt.
3. to prune a tree, i. e. clear it of superfluous wood, NTest.
4. metaph., = mastigo/w, like our vulgar phrase "to rub down, " Theocr.
5. of the thing removed by purification, to purge away, wash off or away, λύματα Il.; ῥύπα Od.; φόνον Aesch.
6. c. dupl. acc., αἷμα κάθηρον Σαρπηδόνα cleanse Sarpedon of blood, wash the blood off him, Il.:—Pass., φόνον καθαρθείς Hdt.
1. to take down, καθείλομεν ἱςτία we lowered sail, Od.; κ. ἄχθος to take a load down, i. e. off one's shoulders, Ar.:—Mid., καταιρεῖςθαι τὰ τόξα to take down one's bow, Hdt.
2. to put down or close the eyes of the dead, Hom.
3. of sorcerers, to bring down, Lat. caelo deducere, ςελήνην Ar., Plat.
4. κατά με πέδον γᾶς ἕλοι (in tmesi) may earth swallow me! Eur.
5. to put down by force, destroy, Od., Trag.: simply to kill, slay, Eur.
6. in a milder sense, to put down, reduce, Hdt., Dem., etc.: to depose, dethrone, Hdt.; κ. τὸ λῃςτικόν to remove it utterly, Thuc.
7. to rase to the ground, pull down, τὰς πόλεις id=Thuc.; τῶν τειχῶν a part of the walls, Xen.
8. to cancel, rescind, τὸ ψήφιςμα Thuc.
9. as attic law-term, to condemn, Soph.
10. to reduce in flesh, Plut.
11. to overpower, seize, κὰδ δέ μιν ὕπνος ᾕρει (in tmesi) Od.; καθ. τινὰ ἐν ἀφροςύνῃ to catch in the act of folly, Soph.: c. gen. partis, κ. τῶν ὤτων to seize by the ears, Theocr.
12. to fetch down as a reward or prize, καθαιρεῖν ἀγῶνα or ἀγώνιςμα Plut.: metaph. to achieve, Pind.; so in Mid., φόνῳ καθαιρεῖςθ̆, οὐ λόγῳ, τὰ πράγματα Eur.; in Pass., Hdt.
13. more rarely like the simple αἱρέω, to take and carry off, seize, id=Hdt.
1. clear of dirt, clean, spotless, unsoiled, Od., Hdt., Eur.
2. clear, open, free, ἐν καθαρῷ (sc. τόπῳ) in a clear, open space, Il.; ἐν καθαρῷ βῆναι to leave the way clear, Soph.; διὰ καθαροῦ ῥέειν, of a river whose course is clear and open, Hdt.; τὸ ἐμποδὼν ἐγεγόνεε καθαρόν the hindrance was cleared away, id=Hdt.:—c. gen., γλῶςςα καθαρὴ τῶν ςημηί̈ων clear of the marks, id=Hdt.
3. in moral sense, clear from shame or pollution, pure, καθαρῷ θανάτῳ Od.: esp. clear of guilt or defilement, clean, pure, Theogn., Aesch.; καθαρὸς χεῖρας Hdt.:—so, of persons purified after pollution, ἱκέτης προςῆλθες κ. Aesch.; of things, βωμοί, θύματα, δόμοι, μέλαθρα id=Aesch., Eur.:—c. gen. clear of or from a charge, κ. ἐγκλημάτων, ἀδικίας, κακῶν, etc., Horace's sceleris purus, Plat., Xen.
4. opp. to θολερός, clear of admixture, clear, pure, of water, Hdt., Eur.; so, κ. φάος, φέγγος Pind.; κ. ἄρτος χρυςός Hdt.; ἀργύριον Theocr.
5. of birth, opp. to ξένος, pure, , genuine, Pind., Eur.; τῶν Ἀθηναίων ὅπερ ἐςτράτευε καθαρὸν ἐξῆλθε, i. e. who were citizens of pure blood, Thuc.:— καθαρόν a real, genuine saying, id=Thuc.
6. without blemish, τὸ καθαρὸν τοῦ ςτρατοῦ the sound portion of the army, Hdt.
7. clear, exact, ἂν καθαραὶ ὦςιν αἱ ψῆφοι if the accounts are clear, exactly balanced, Dem.
8. adv. kaqarw=s, Hes.; καθαρῶς γεγονέναι to be of pure blood, Hdt.
9. with clean hands, honestly, Theogn., Plat.
10. clearly, plainly, λέγειν Ar.; γνῶναι, εἰδέναι id=Ar., Plat.
1. to lie down to sleep, sleep, Hom., etc.:— ἐκ τοῦ καθεύδοντος (part. neut.) from a sleeping state, Plat.
2. metaph. to lie asleep, lie idle, Aesch., etc.:—also of things, to sleep, lie still, be at rest, ἐλπίδες καθεύδουςιν Eur.
1. Dep., to come down to: metaph. to reach, touch, με καθίκετο πένθος Od.; καθίκεο θυμόν hast touched my heart, Il.; κάρα μου καθίκετο came down upon my head, Soph.
1. to look down, Il., Hdt.; so in Mid., Il.
2. c. acc. to look down upon, ὁπόςους ἠέλιος καθορᾷ Theogn., etc.
3. to have within view, to perceive, Hdt., Ar., etc.
4. to look to, observe, Pind., Ar.
5. to explore, τὰ ἄλλα Hdt.
1. from above, down from above, Hom., etc.:—c. gen., κ. μελαθρόφιν Od.
2. on the top or upper side, above, id=Od.; καθ. ἐπιρρέει floats atop, Il.:— to denote geographical position, Φρυγίη καθύπερθε id=Il.; c. gen., καθύπερθε Χίου above, i. e. north of, Chios, Od.; τὰ κ. the upper country, i. e. further inland, τὰ κ. τῆς λίμνης Hdt.; καθύπερθε γενέςθαι τινός, properly, of a wrestler who falls atop of his opponent; hence, to have the upper hand of, id=Hdt.
3. of Time, before, c. gen., id=Hdt.
1. to abuse, reproach, accuse, Hdt., Thuc., etc.
2. to make cowardly, Eur.:— Pass. to play the coward, Il., Eur.; κακίζεςθαι τύχῃ to be worsted by fortune alone, Thuc.
1. mischief plotting, mischievous, baneful, Hom.
1. contrivance of ill, mischievousness, Hom.
1. bad in counsel, Il.
1. bad, Lat. malus:
2. of persons,
3. opp. to καλός, mean, ugly, Il.
4. opp. to ἀγαθός, ἐςθλός, ill-born, mean, ignoble, Hom., Soph.
5. craven, cowardly, base, Hom., Hdt., attic
6. bad of his kind, i. e. worthless, sorry, poor, κ. ἀλήτης a sorry beggar, Od.; κ. ἰατρός Aesch.; κ. ναύτης Eur.; πάντα κακός bad in all things, Od.; κακὸς γνώμην Soph.;— c. inf., κακὸς μανθάνειν bad at learning, id=Soph.
7. in moral sense, bad, evil, wicked, Od., attic
8. of death, disease, etc., bad, evil, baneful, Hom., attic; of omens, bad, unlucky, attic; of words, evil, abusive, Soph.; κ. ποιμήν, i. e. the storm, Aesch.
9. κακόν, and κακά, τά, as Subst. evil, ill, Od., Hdt., etc.; δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν having chosen the least of two evils, Soph.:— κακόν τι ἔρδειν or ῥέζειν τινά to do evil or ill to any one, Il.; κακὸν (or κακὰ) ποιεῖν τινά attic; κακὰ κακῶν ͂ τὰ κάκιςτα, Soph.
10. kaka/, ta/, also evil words, reproaches, Hdt., Trag.
11. degrees of Comparison:
12. regul. comp. κακώτερος Od., Theocr.; but never in attic:—irreg. κακίων, ον, [ with ι^], Hom., [with ι_], attic
13. Sup. κάκιςτος, Hom., etc.:—but χείρων, χείριςτος, and ἥςςων, ἥκιςτος, are also used as comp. and Sup.
14. adv. kakw=s, Lat. male, ill, Il., etc.:— κακῶς ποιεῖν τινα to treat one ill; κακῶς ποιεῖν τινά τι to do one any evil, attic; κακῶς πράςςειν to fare ill, Aesch.; κακῶς πάςχειν id=Aesch.; κακῶς γίγνεταί τινι Hdt.; κακῶς ἐκπέφευγα, Lat. vix demum effugi, Dem.:—comp. κάκιον, Hdt., attic: Sup. κάκιςτα, Ar., etc.
15. in Compos., when added to words already signifying something bad, it increases this property, as in κακο-πινής: but added to words signifying something good, it implies too little of this property, as in κακό-δοξος. Once or twice it stands merely as an adj. agreeing with the Subst. with which it is compounded, as Κακοί̈λιος for κακὴ Ἴλιος, κακόνυμφος for κακὸς νυμφίος.
1. using bad arts or evil practices, artful, wily, δόλος Il.:—irreg. comp. -τεχνέςτερος, as from kakotexnh/s, Luc.
1. badness:
2. of character, baseness, weakness, cowardice, Hom., Thuc.
3. badness, wickedness, Il., Hdt., attic; κακότητι λειφθῆναι to have been absent by malice prepense, Hdt.
4. of condition, evil condition, distress, misery, Od., Hdt.
1. of persons, to treat ill, maltreat, afflict, distress, Hom., Aesch., etc.:—Pass. to suffer ill, be in ill plight, be distressed, Hom., etc.; κεκακωμένος ἁλμῇ befouled with brine, Od.
2. of things, to spoil, ruin, Hdt., Thuc.
1. the stalk or straw of corn: metaph., αἶψα φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος, ἧς τε πλείςτην μὲν καλάμην χθονὶ χαλκὸς ἔχευεν, ἄμητος δ̆ ὀλίγιςτος men are soon satiated with battle, where the sword throws much straw on the ground, and there is little harvest, i. e. much slaughter and little profit, Il.; κ. πυρῶν wheat-straw, Hdt.
2. the stalk without the ear, stubble; metaph. of an old man, καλάμην γέ ς̆ ὀί̈ομαι εἰςορόωντα γιγνώςκειν thou mayst still, I ween, perceive the stubble (i. e. the residue) of former strength, Od.; ἀπὸ τῆς καλάμης τεκμαίρεςθαι to judge from the remains, Luc.
1. to call, summon, Hom., etc.: Mid. to call to oneself, id=Hom.
2. to call to a repast, to invite, Od.; κ. ἐπὶ δεῖπνον Hdt., Xen.; κληθέντες πρός τινα invited to his house, Dem.
3. to call on, invoke, τοὺς θεούς Hdt., attic; so in Mid., Aesch., etc.:—but ἀράς, ἅς ςοι καλοῦμαι curses, which I call down on thee, Soph.:—in Pass., of the god, to be invoked, Aesch.
4. as law-term, of the judge, to cite or summon before the court, Ar., Dem.; πρὶν τὴν ἐμὴν [δίκην] καλεῖςθαι before it is called on, Ar.
5. of the plaintiff, in Mid., καλεῖςθαί τινα to sue at law, Lat. vocare in jus, id=Ar., etc.
6. to call by name, to call, name, Il., Trag.:— ὄνομα καλεῖν τινά to call him a name (i. e. by name), Od.; so, without ὄνομα, τί νιν καλοῦςα τύχοιμ̆ ἄν; Aesch.:—Pass., τύμβωι δ̆ ὄνομα ςῶι κεκλήςεται a name shall be given to thy tomb, Eur.
7. in perf. pass. κέκλημαι, to have received a name, to bear it, often = ei)mi/, to be, οὕνεκα ςὴ παράκοιτις κέκλημαι because I am thy wife, Il.; πόςις κεκλημένος εἴη were to be my spouse, Od.;—rarely in pres., ἐμὸς γαμβρὸς καλέεςθαι id=Il.
8. poet. Ἀλειςίου ἔνθα κολώνη κέκληται where is the hill called the hill of Aleisios, Il.
9. foll. by a dependent clause, καλεῖ με, πλαςτὸς ὡς εἴην πατρί, i. e. καλεῖ με πλαςτόν, calls me a supposititious son, Soph.
1. a crier, Lat. calator, Il.
1. a shepherd's staff, which was thrown so as to drive back the cattle to the herd, Il., Anth.
1. with beautiful girdles, Hom.
1. with beautiful manes, of horses, Hom.; of sheep, with fine wool, Od.
1. beautiful-haired, of women, Hom., Hes., Ar.
1. beautiful flowing, Hom., Aesch.:—metaph. of the flute, Pind.— Fem. Καλλιρόη, one of the Oceanids, Hhymn., Hes.:— but Καλλιρρόη, also, a spring at Athens, later Ἐννεάκρουνος (but now again Καλλιρρόη), Thuc.
1. beautiful-ankled, Hom.
1. with beautiful women, only in the obl. cases, Ἑλλάδα καλλιγύναικα Ἀχαιί̈δα κ., Σπάρτην κ. Hom.
1. beautiful-cheeked, Hom.
1. with beautiful locks, Hom., Eur.
1. beautiful, beauteous, fair, Lat. pulcher, of outward form, Hom., etc.; καλὸς δέμας beautiful of form, Od.; so, εἶδος κάλλιςτος Xen.; καλὸς τὸ ςῶμα id=Xen.; c. inf., κ. εἰςοράαςθαι Hom.
2. τὸ καλόν, like κάλλος, beauty, Eur., etc.: τὰ καλά the decencies, proprieties, elegancies of life, Hdt., etc.
3. in reference to use, beautiful, fair, good, κ. λιμήν Od.; καλὸς εἴς τι Xen.; πρός τι Plat.; c. inf., κάλλιςτος τρέχειν Xen.;—esp. in the foll. phrases, ἐν καλῷ [τόπῳ] in a good place, Thuc.; ἐν καλῷ τοῦ κόλπου, τῆς πόλεως Xen.; ἐν κ. (sub. χρόνῳ), in good time, in season, Eur.:—so, καλόν ἐςτι, c. inf., Soph.
4. of sacrifices, good, auspicious, Aesch., etc.
5. in moral sense, beautiful, noble, καλόν [ἐςτι] c. inf., Hom., etc.; καλὰ ἔργματα noble deeds, Pind., etc.
6. τὸ καλόν moral beauty, virtue, opp. to τὸ αἰςχρόν (Cicero's honestum and turpe), Xen., Plat.
7. in attic not seldom ironically, like Lat. praeclarus, admirable, specious, fair, κ. γὰρ οὑμὸς βίοτος, ὥςτε θαυμάςαι Soph.; μετ̆ ὀνομάτων καλῶν Thuc.
8. Degrees of comp.: comp. καλλίων (short ι) ον, Sup. κάλλιςτος, η, ον, Hom., etc.
9. adv.:— καλόν as adv., καλὸν ἀείδειν, etc., Hom.; so καλά Il.; τὸ καλόν Theocr.
10. regul. adv. kalw=s, mostly in moral sense, well, rightly, Od.; καλῶς ζῆν, τεθνηκέναι, etc., Soph., etc.; οὐ καλῶς ταρβεῖς id=Soph.; often in phrase καλῶς καὶ εὖ, καλῶς τε καὶ εὖ Plat.
11. of good fortune, well, happily, κ. πράςςειν ͂ εὖ πρ. to fare well, Aesch., etc.; κ. ἔχειν to be well, id=Aesch.; κ. ἔχει, c. inf., 'tis well to . . , Xen.
12. καλῶς ͂ πάνυ, right well, κ. ἔξοιδα Soph.; so in comp., κάλλιον εἰδέναι Plat.; and in Sup. κάλλιςτα, Soph., etc.
13. κ. ποιῶν, as adv., rightly, deservedly, Lat. merito, κ. ποιῶν ἀπόλλυται Ar.
14. in answers, to approve the words of the former speaker, well said! Lat. euge, Eur., Dem.:—but, also, to decline an offer courteously or ironically, thank you! Lat. benigne, Ar.; and in Sup., κάλλιςτ̆, ἐπαινῶ id=Ar.
15. ironically, finely, Lat. belle, Soph., Eur.
16. Quantity: α_ in epic Poets: α^ in attic: in later Poets α^ or α_, as the verse requires.
1. a woman's veil, Hom., Aesch.:—metaph., δνοφερὰ κ. the dark veil of night, Aesch.
2. of land given to queens as veil-money (cf. ζώνη I. 2), Plat.
3. the cover or lid of a quiver, Hdt.
1. to cover with a thing, παρδαλέηι μετάφρενον κάλυψεν Il.; νυκτὶ καλύψας id=Il.: simply, to cover, μέλαν δέ ἑ κῦμα κάλυψεν id=Il.; πέτρον χεὶρ ἐκάλυψεν his hand covered, grasped a stone, id=Il.; of death, τέλος θανάτοιο κάλυψεν ὀφθαλμούς id=Il., etc.; of grief, τὸν δ̆ ἄχεος νεφέλη ἐκάλυψε id=Il.; κ. χθονὶ γυῖα, i. e. to be buried, Pind.; also, χθονί, τάφωι κ. to bury another, Aesch.:—Mid. to cover or veil oneself, Hom.:—Pass., ἀςπίδι κεκαλυμμένος ὤμους Il.; ἐν χλαίνηι κεκαλ. id=Il., etc.
2. like κρύπτω, to cover or conceal; κ. καρδίαι τι Soph.; Pass., κεκαλυμμένοι ἵππωι concealed in the horse, Od.
3. to cover with dishonour, throw a cloud over, ςὺ μὴ κάλυπτε Ἀθήνας Soph.
4. to put over as a covering, Lat. circumdare, οἱ πέπλοιο πτύγμ̆ ἐκάλυψεν Il.; οἱ ἄςιν καθύπερθε καλύψω I will put mud over him, id=Il.; ἀμφὶ Μενοιτιάδηι ςάκος εὐρὺ καλύψας id=Il.
1. the reward of endurance, Il.
1. bent, crooked, curved, of a bow, Il.; of wheels, id=Il.; of chariots, id=Il.
1. a sharp sound: the ring or clang of metal, Il., Soph.; kanax6h d' 25hn 3hmi4onoi7in loud rang their tramp, Od.; ὀδόντων καναχή a gnashing of teeth, Il.; καναχὰ αὐλῶν the sound of flutes, Pind. (For Verb κανάςςω v. e)g-kana/ssw.）
1. to ring, Hom.
1. any straight rod or bar:
2. in Hom. the κανόνες of a shield seem to have been two rods running across the hollow of the shield, through which the arm was passed.
3. a rod used in weaving, the shuttle or quill, by which the threads of the woof (πηνίον) were passed between those of the warp (μίτος), Il.
4. a rule used by masons or carpenters, Eur., Xen., etc.
5. a ruler, Anth.
6. metaph., ἀκτὶς ἡλίου, κανὼν ςαφής, Milton's "long-levelled rule of light, " Eur.
7. the beam or tongue of the balance, Anth.
8. in pl. the keys or stops of the flute, id=Anth.
9. metaph., like Lat. regula, norma, a rule, standard of excellence, Eur.;—in Chronology, κανόνες χρονικοί were chief epochs or eras, Plut.
1. to make smoke, i. e. to make a fire, Il.
2. to smoke, blacken with smoke, Dem.
3. intr. to be black with smoke, Ar.
1. smoke, Hom., etc.; proverb., καπνοῦ ςκιά shadow of smoke, of things worth nothing, Soph.; περὶ καπνοῦ ςτενολεςχεῖν to quibble about smoke, Ar.; γραμμάτων καπνοί learned trifles, Eur.
1. the heart, ἐν ςτέρνοιςι κραδίη πατάςςει Il.; κραδίη ἔξω ςτήθεος ἐκθρώςκει, of one panic-stricken, id=Il.; οἰδάνεται κραδίη χόλῳ id=Il., etc.; ἐκ τῆς καρδίας φιλεῖν Ar.; τἀπὸ καρδίας λέγειν, Lat. ex animo, to speak freely, Eur.
2. the stomach, Thuc.
1. to quake under the feet of men and horses, Lat. tremere, Il. (Formed from the sound.)
1. swift, Lat. rapidus, Il.: adv. -mws, swiftly, rapidly, id=Il.
2. in Pind., γένυες κ. eager jaws.
1. the wrist, Hom., etc.
1. stout-hearted, Hom., Hes.: generally, strong, mighty, ἄνεμοι Hes.
1. strong, staunch, stout, sturdy; c. inf., καρτερὸς ἐναίρειν strong to kill, Il.; τὰ καρτερώτατα the strongest, Soph.
2. c. gen. possessed of a thing, lord or master of it, Theogn., Theocr.
3. like καρτερικός, steadfast, patient, πρὸς πάντα Xen.: obstinate, Plat.
4. of things, strong, mighty, potent, ὅρκος Il.; κ. ἔργα deeds of might, id=Il.; κ. μάχη strongly contested, desperate, Hdt., Thuc.; —τὸ καρτερόν, τόλμης τὸ κ. the extremity of daring, Eur.:— κατὰ τὸ καρτερόν by force, Hdt., Ar., etc.; so, πρὸς τὸ καρτερόν Aesch.; τὸ καρτερόν, absol., Theocr.
5. of place, like ὀχυρός, strong, Thuc.; τὸ καρτερώτερον τοῦ χωρίου id=Thuc.
6. adv. -rw=s, strongly, etc., κ. ὑπνοῦςθαι to sleep soundly, Hdt.
7. the common comp. and Sup. are κρείςςων and κράτιςτος (qq. v.): but the regular forms καρτερώτερος, -ώτατος, occur now and then, Pind., attic
1. dry, parched, Od.:—of sound, καρφαλέον ἀςπὶς ἄϋςε the shield rang dry, i. e. hollow, Il.
1. rough, δίψῃ καρχαλέοι rough in the throat with thirst, Virgil's siti asper, Il.
1. with sharp, jagged teeth, of dogs, Il.; applied to Cleon by Ar.
1. with sharp, jagged teeth, of dogs, Il.; applied to Cleon by Ar.
1. a brother, Hom., etc.:—in more general sense, a cousin, Il.
2. as adj., καςίγνητος, η, ον, brotherly, sisterly, Soph., Eur.
1. a sister, Hom., etc.
1. tin, Lat. stannum, Il. It was melted, and then cast upon χαλκός, hence χεῦμα καςςιτέροιο a plating of tin, id=Il.
1. to break in pieces, shatter, shiver, crack, Hom., attic
2. to break up, weaken, enervate, Eur., Plat.
3. Pass. with perf. act. to be broken, δόρατα κατεηγότα Hdt.; κατεαγέναι or καταγῆναι τὴν κεφαλήν to have the head broken, Ar., etc.; c. gen., τῆς κεφαλῆς κατέαγε he has got a bit of his head broken, id=Ar.
1. to lead down, Lat. deducere, Od., etc.; esp. into the nether world, id=Od.; εἰς Ἀί̈δαο id=Od.
2. to bring down to the sea-coast, Il., Xen.
3. to bring down from the high seas to land, Od.; κατ. ναῦν to bring a ship into port, Hdt., attic: —Pass. to come to land, land, opp. to ἀνάγεςθαι, Od., Hdt., attic
4. κατάγεςθαι παρά τινι to turn in and lodge in a person's house, Lat. deversari apud aliquem, Dem.
5. to draw down or out, spin, Lat. deducere filum, Plat.
6. to reduce to a certain state, ἐς κίνδυνον κ. τὴν πόλιν Thuc.
7. κ. θρίαμβον, Lat. deducere triumphum, Plut.: to escort, like πομπεύω, id=Plut.
8. κ. γένος to derive a pedigree, id=Plut.
9. κατ. βοάν to lower the voice, Eur.
10. to bring back, Lat. reducere, Od.: to bring home, recall, Hdt., attic: generally, to restore, Hdt.:—Pass. to return, Plat., Xen.
1. a means of stopping, Il.
1. to eat up, devour, Il.; metaph., οἶκον, κτῆςιν κατέδειν to eat up house, goods, Od.; ὃν θυμὸν κατέδων eating one's heart for grief, Il.
1. to kill, slay, Hom., Soph.
1. Dep.
2. to go down from a place, c. gen., Il.; to go down to the grave, κ. Ἄϊδος εἴςω, Ἄϊδόςδε id=Il.;—also from high land to the coast, Od.
3. of things, κατερχομένης ὑπὸ πέτρης by the descending rock, id=Od.; of a river, κατέρχεται ὁ Νεῖλος πληθύων comes down in flood, Hdt.
4. to come back, return, πόλινδε Od.: esp. to come back from exile, Hdt., attic; in pass. sense, ὑπό τινος κατελθεῖν to be brought back by him, Thuc.
1. trans. to hold fast, Hes.
2. to hold back, withhold, Hom.:— to check, restrain, control, bridle, Hdt., attic: —Pass. to be held down, to be bound, kept under, Hdt.
3. to detain, id=Hdt., Xen.:—Pass. to be detained, to stay, stop, tarry, Hdt., Soph.
4. to have in possession, possess, occupy, Trag.
5. of sound, to fill, ἀλαλητῷ πεδίον κατέχουςι Il.; κ. ςτρατόπεδον δυςφημίαις to fill it with his grievous cries, Soph.
6. βιοτὰν κ. to continue a life, id=Soph.
7. to occupy, be spread over, cover, νὺξ κάτεχ̆ οὐρανόν Od.; ἡμέρα κατέςχε γαῖαν Aesch.:—in Mid., κατέςχετο πρόςωπα covered her face, Od.
8. of the grave, to confine, cover, Hom.
9. of conditions and the like, to hold down, overpower, oppress, afflict, Od., Soph.: —of circumstances, to occupy or engage one, Hdt.
10. to occupy, in right of conquest, id=Hdt., Soph., etc.
11. to master, understand, Plat.
12. in Pass., of persons, to be possessed, inspired, Xen., Plat.
13. to follow close upon, press hard, Lat. urgere, Xen.
14. to bring a ship to land, bring it in or to, Hdt.
15. intr.:
16. (sub. ἑαυτόν) to control oneself, Soph., Plat.:— to hold, stop, cease, of the wind, Ar.
17. to come from the high sea to shore, put in, Hhymn., Hdt., attic
18. to prevail, ὁ λόγος κατέχει the report prevails, is rife, Thuc.; ςειςμοὶ κατ. earthquakes prevail, are frequent, id=Thuc.
19. to have the upper hand, Theogn., Arist.
20. Mid. to keep back for oneself, embezzle, Hdt.
21. to cover oneself, v. supr. A. II. 4.
22. to hold, contain, Polyb.
23. the aor. mid. is also used like a Pass., to be stopped, to stop, Od.:— καταςχόμενος subdued, Pind.
1. dejection, sorrow, shame, Il., Thuc.
1. to hold back, Lat. detinere, Il., Hdt.:—Mid. to keep by one, Il.
2. to occupy: Pass. to be occupied, Od.
3. to direct or steer to a place, id=Od., Hdt., etc.
4. intr., to come down, Hdt.
1. to throw down, overthrow, Hom., etc.; κ. εἰς τὸ μηδέν to bring down to nothing, Hdt.
2. to strike down with a weapon, to slay, Il., Hdt., etc.
3. to throw or bring into a certain state, Eur., Plat.
4. to cast down or away, cast off, reject, Xen.
5. in milder sense, to let fall, drop down, Hom.; κ. ἱςτία to lower sail, Theogn.; τὰς ὀφρῦς κ. Eur.
6. to lay down, set down, Lat. deponere, Il., Ar.
7. to bring or carry down, esp. to the sea-coast, Hdt.
8. to pay down, yield or bring in, id=Hdt.:— to pay down, pay, Thuc., etc.:—Mid. to cause to be deposited, Dem.
9. to put in, render, μαρτυρίαν id=Dem.
10. to throw down seed, sow, id=Dem.; κ. φάτιν, Lat. spargere voces, Hdt.
11. to lay down as a foundation, mostly in Mid., Eur.:—Pass., καταβεβλημένος laid down, ordinary, Arist.
1. to step down, go or come down, Lat. descendere, ἐξ ὄρεος from the mountain, Il.; κ. πόλιος to go down from the city, id=Il.; κ. δίφρου to dismount from the chariot, id=Il.; c. acc. loci, θάλαμον κατεβήςετο she came down to her chamber, Od.:—but also c. acc., κατέβαιν̆ ὑπερώϊα she came down from the upper floor, id=Od.; κλίμακα κατεβήςετο came down the ladder, id=Od.; absol. to come down stairs, Ar.; hence in Pass., ἵππος καταβαίνεται the horse is dismounted from, Xen.
2. to go down from the inland parts to the sea, esp. from central Asia (cf. ἀναβαίνω II. 3), Hdt.; κ. ἐς Πειραιᾶ, Plat.
3. to come to land, get safe ashore, Pind.
4. to go down into the arena, κ. ἐπ̆ ἄεθλα Hdt.; and absol., like Lat. in certamen descendere, Soph., Xen.
5. of an orator, to come down from the tribune, κατάβα: —answer, καταβήςομαι Ar.
6. πόςςω κατέβα τοι ἀφ̆ ἵςτω; at what price did [the robe] come down from the loom? Theocr.
7. metaph., καταβαίνειν εἴς τι to come to a thing in the course of speaking, κατέβαινε ἐς λιτάς he ended with prayer, Hdt.; c. part., κατέβαινεν παραιτεόμενος ended in begging, id=Hdt.; κ. ἐπὶ τελευτήν Plat.
8. trans. to bring down, Pind.
1. to rend in pieces, devour, Hom.: metaph. in Mid., καταδάπτεται ἦτορ Od.
1. to wet through, Il., Hes.:—of a river, to water, πεδία Eur.
1. to consume publicly, Il.
1. intr., in act. pres. καταδύνω and mid. καταδύομαι:— to go down, sink, set, of the sun, ἠέλιος κατέδυ Il.; ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα till sun set, Od.; of ships, to be sunk or rather to be disabled (v. infr. II), Hdt., Thuc.:—of persons, καταδεδυκώς having popped down, Ar.
2. to go down into, plunge into, c. acc., καταδῦναι ὅμιλον, μάχην, δόμον, πόλιν Hom.; foll. by a prep., καταδυςόμεθ̆ εἰς Ἀί̈δαο δόμους we will go down into . . , Od., etc.:—with a notion of secresy, to insinuate oneself, steal into, Plat.
3. to slink away and lie hid, καταδύομαι ὑπὸ τῆς αἰςχύνης Xen.
4. to get into, put on, τεύχεα Hom.
5. Causal, to make to sink, Lat. submergere, ἐμὲ καταδύουςι τῷ ἄχει Xen.; mostly in aor1, τοὺς γαυλοὺς καταδύςας Hdt.; καταδῦςαι ναῦν to cut it down to the water's edge, disable it, id=Hdt., Thuc.
1. to bury, Il., Aesch.
1. to die away, be dying, and in aor2 and perf. to be dead, Il., Trag.
2. to die away, disappear, Mosch., Bion.
1. mortal, Il.
1. in the mind or thoughts, Od.; μηδέ τί τοι θάνατος κατ. ἔςτω let not death sit heavy on thy heart, Il.
2. according to one's mind, satisfactory, Theogn., Hdt.
1. to laugh aloud at, τινός Anth.
1. to burn down, burn completely, Hom., Il., Hdt.; κ. τοὺς μάντιας to burn them alive, Hdt.; ζώοντα κατακαυθῆναι id=Hdt.
2. Pass., of fire, in tmesi, κατὰ πῦρ ἐκάη had burnt down, burnt out, Il.
1. to break down, break short, snap off, Il., Hdt.
2. metaph. to break down, οὐδένα ὅντινα οὐ κατέκλαςε he broke us all down, broke all our hearts, Plat.: Pass., κατεκλάςθη φίλον ἦτορ Od.; φρένας κατεκλάςθη Eur.
1. intr. to sleep through, κ. τὴν φυλακήν to sleep out the watch, i. e. sleep all the time of one's watch, Hdt.; so, κατακοιμῆςαι τὴν ἡμέραν Xen.: absol. to go to sleep, Hdt.
2. in Causal sense, to put to sleep, Soph.:—Pass., aor1 κατακοιμηθῆναι, to go to sleep, sleep, Il., Hdt.
1. to set in order, arrange, Od. (in Mid.); ἐπὶ νευρῇ κατακόςμει ὀϊςτόν was fitting it on the string, Il.
2. to fit out completely, adorn, Ar., Plat.
3. to reduce to order, Plut.
1. to cover over, hide away, conceal, Hom., etc.
2. absol. to use concealment, to conceal oneself, of the gods, Od.
1. to kill, slay, murder, Hom., Hdt.
1. to bend down, stoop, Il.:— bend down and peep into a thing, Luc.
1. to lay down: Mid. and Pass. to lie down, go to bed, aor1 κατελέξατο Hom.; epic syncop. aor2 pass. κατέλεκτο Il., etc.; part. καταλέγμενος and inf. καταλέχθαι Od.; fut. καταλέξομαι Hes.
2. to pick out, choose out of many, Hdt.:— to choose as soldiers, to enrol, enlist, Ar., Thuc.; Mid. to choose for himself, Hdt., Thuc., etc.:—Pass. to be enlisted or enrolled, Lat. conscribi, Hdt., etc.
3. to recount, tell at length or in order, in fut. or aor1, ταῦτα καταλέξω Il.; πᾶςαν ἀληθείην κατάλεξον id=Il.:—Pass., τούτων δὴ τῶν καταλεχθέντων of those which have been recounted, Hdt.
4. to reckon up, Od., Hdt., etc.
1. Dep. to forget utterly, τινός Il.
1. to pour down; absol. to shed tears, Eur.:- Pass. to drop down, Il., Eur.
1. to leave behind, Il.; esp. of persons dying or going into a far country, οἷόν μιν Τροίηνδε κιὼν κατέλειπεν Ὀδυςςεύς Od.; κ. τινὰ μόνον Soph., etc.; so in Mid., καταλείπεςθαι παῖδας to leave behind one, Hdt., etc.: —Pass. καταλελειμμένος τοῦ ἄλλου ςτρατοῦ being part of the army left behind, id=Hdt.
2. to leave as an heritage, Od., attic; καταλείψει οὐδὲ ταφῆναι will leave not enough to be buried with, Ar.
3. in Mid., simply, to leave in a certain state, Hdt.
4. to forsake, abandon, leave in the lurch, Hom., attic
5. to leave remaining, ὀκτὼ μόνον Xen.: Mid. to reserve for oneself, id=Xen.:—Pass., καταλείπεται μάχη yet remains to be fought id=Xen.
6. to leave alone, id=Xen.
1. to put down, destroy, Il., Eur.
2. of governments, to dissolve, break up, put down, Hdt., Ar., etc.; κ. τύραννον to put down, to depose, Thuc.; κ. τινὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς Xen.:—Pass., τῶν ἄλλων καταλελυμένων ςτρατηγῶν having been dismissed, Hdt.,
3. to dissolve, dismiss, disband a body, καταλύειν τὴν βουλήν id=Hdt.; τὸ ναυτικόν Dem.
4. τὴν φυλακὴν κ. to neglect the watch, Ar.
5. to end, bring to an end, βίοτον Eur.; τὸν βίον Xen.
6. κ. τὴν εἰρήνην to break the peace, Aeschin.
7. κ. τὸν πόλεμον to end the war, make peace, Thuc., Xen., etc.; and absol. (sub. τὸν πόλεμον) καταλύειν τινί or πρός τινα to make peace with him, Thuc.:—so in Mid., id=Thuc., etc.; καταλύεςθαι τὰς ἔχθρας Hdt.
8. to unloose, unyoke, ἵππους Od.; τὸ ςῶμα τοῦ ἀδελφεοῦ κ. to take it down from the wall, Hdt.
9. intr. to take up one's quarters, to lodge, παρ̆ ἐμοὶ καταλύει he is my guest, Plat.; κ. παρά τινα to go and lodge with him, Thuc.: absol. to take one's rest, Ar.; Mid., θανάτῳ καταλυςαίμαν may I take my rest in the grave, Eur.
1. to catch, Lat. deprehendo, Il.; esp. to catch one running away, Hom., Pind.
1. to scrape over, pile up, heap up, Il.
2. in Act., to cut down, reap like corn (cf. ἀμάω), Soph.
1. to tear, scratch, Theocr.:—Mid., καταμύξατο χεῖρα she scratched her hand, Il.
1. to nod assent, Il.: c. acc. rei, to grant, promise, id=Il.; so c. inf., generally, to make a sign by nodding the head, Od.
1. to boil down, to digest food, Arist.:—metaph. to digest, keep from rising, Lat. concoquere, κ. χόλον Il.; κ. μέγαν ὄλβον, i. e. to bear great fortune meekly, Pind.
1. to fly down, Hdt., Ar., etc.
1. to stick fast in the ground, plant firmly, Il., Hdt., etc.
2. Pass., with perf. and plup. act., to stand fast or firm in, Il.; absol., ςτήλη καταπεπηγυῖα Hdt.
1. to fall or drop down, Hom., Hdt., attic;—used as Pass., κάππεςε ͂ κατεβλήθη, Aesch.
2. metaph., κάππεςε θυμός their spirit fell, Il.; κ. εἰς ἀπιςτίαν Plat.
3. to have the falling sickness, Luc.
1. to lay to rest, put an end to, Hom., Hdt.:— Mid., Eur.
2. c. acc. pers. to lay to rest, i. e. kill, Il.
3. to make one stop from a thing, hinder or check from, c. gen., Hom.:—and c. acc. only, to stop, keep in check, id=Hom., Hdt.
4. like καταλύω, to put down or depose from power, κ. τινὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς, τῆς βαςιληί̈ης Hdt.; κ. τοὺς τυράννους id=Hdt.:—Pass., τῆς βαςιληί̈ης κατεπαύθη id=Hdt.
5. to put down, τὴν Κύρου δύναμιν id=Hdt.; τὸν δῆμον Thuc.
6. Pass. and Mid. to leave off from, cease from, τινος Hdt., etc.
7. absol. to leave off, cease, Ar., etc.
8. the Act. is also used intr. like Mid., Eur.
1. to strike down: metaph. to strike with amazement, astound, terrify, Thuc., Xen., etc.:—Pass. to be panic-stricken, amazed, astounded, κατεπλήγη (aor2) Il.; attic aor2 inf., καταπλαγῆναι Thuc.; 2nd pl. perf. καταπέπληχθε id=Thuc.; c. acc., καταπλαγέντες τὸν Φίλιππον Dem.
1. down-turned, of the hand as used in striking or grasping, χειρὶ καταπρηνεῖ with the flat of his hand, Il.; χείρεςςι καταπρηνέςςι Od.
1. to crouch down, to lie crouching or cowering, Hom., Hes.
2. c. acc. to cower beneath, Plut.
1. to spit upon or at, esp. as a mark of abhorrence, c. gen., Dem., Aeschin.
1. to make rotten, Hhymn.:— Pass. to become rotten, Il.
1. Dep.
2. to call down curses upon, imprecate upon, τί τινι Hom., Hdt.:—c. inf., καταρῶνται ἀπολέςθαι they pray that he may perish, Theogn.:—c. dat. pers. only, to curse, execrate, Hdt., Ar., etc.; later, c. acc. pers., Plut., NTest.
3. absol. to utter imprecations, Ar.
4. perf. pass. part. κατ-ηρα_μένος in pass. sense, accursed, id=Ar.
1. to pat with the hand, to stroke, caress, like Lat. mulcere, χειρὶ δέ μιν κατέρεξε (epic for κατερρ-) Hom.; also καρρέζουςα (epic for καταρρ-) Il.
1. to flow down, Il., Hdt., attic
2. of men, to stream or rush down, Ar., Thuc.
3. of fruit, leaves, etc., to fall off, Xen.
4. to fall in ruins, Dem.
5. κ. εἴς τινα to come to, fall to the lot of, Theocr., Bion.
6. κ. φόνῳ to run down with blood, Eur.; so in Mid., Plut.
1. to put out, quench, Lat. extinguere, Il., Eur., etc.:—metaph., ἔςτιν θάλαςςα, τίς δέ νιν καταςβέςει; who shall dry it up? Aesch.; κ. βοήν, ἔριν to quell noise, strife, Soph.
2. Pass., aor1 κατ-εςβήθην, with intr. aor2 act. κατέςβην, inf. κατα-ςβῆναι, perf. act. κατ-έςβηκα: — to go out, be quenched, Hdt.:—metaph., κλαυμάτων πηγαὶ κατεςβήκαςι Aesch.
1. Pass., to rush back into, c. acc., κῦμα κατέςςυτο (epic aor2) ῥέεθρα Il.
1. to shudder at, abhor, abominate, Hom.
1. to hold back, Od., Soph.; κάςχεθε (epic for κατέςχεθε) , Il.
2. intr., Θορικόνδε κατέςχεθον they held on their way to Thoricum, Hhymn.
1. to place, put, or lay down, Hom.
2. to propose as a prize, id=Hom.; κ. ἄεθλον to propose a contest, Od.; κ. τι ἐς μέςον to put it down in the midst, i. e. for common use, Eur.; but, ἐς μέςον Πέρςῃςι κ. τὰ πρήγματα to communicate power to them, give them a common share of it, Hdt.
3. to put down as payment, pay down, id=Hdt., Ar., etc.:— to redeem a promise, ἃ δ̆ ὑπέςχεο ποῖ καταθήςεις; Soph.
4. to lay up, lay by, Theogn., Hdt.; so in Mid., v. infr. II. 4.
5. Mid. to lay down from oneself, put off, lay aside, Lat. deponere, of arms or clothes, Hom., etc.
6. metaph. to put an end to, arrange, settle, τὸν πόλεμον Thuc.
7. to put aside, treat negligently, Xen.
8. to lay down in a place, Hes., etc.: of the dead, to bury, Od.
9. to deposit for oneself, lay up in store (v. supr. I. 4), id=Od., etc.: —metaph., κατατίθεςθαι κλέος to lay up store of glory, Hdt.; χάριτα or χάριν κατατίθεςθαί τινι or πρός τινα to lay up a store of gratitude or favour, Lat. collocare gratiam apud aliquem, id=Hdt., etc.; so, εὐεργεςίαν κ. Thuc., etc.
10. to deposit in a place of safety, id=Thuc., Xen.
11. to lay up in memory or as a memorial, Theogn., Plat.
1. to wear out, exhaust, Hom., Theocr.:—Pass., κατατρυχόμενοι Eur.
1. to bring down, ἄχος με κατοίςεται Ἄϊδος εἴςω grief will bring me down to the grave, Il.; καταφέρω ποδὸς ἀκμάν I bring down my foot, Aesch.:—Pass. to be brought down by a river, of gold dust, Hdt.
2. of a storm, to drive ships to land, Thuc.
3. to pay down, Plut.
4. Pass. to be weighed down by sleep, NTest.
5. to carry home, Ar.:—Pass. to return, id=Ar.
1. to burn down, burn up, consume, πυρί Il., Hes., etc.:—Pass. to be burnt down, Thuc.
1. in tribes, by clans, Il.
1. subterranean, Ζεὺς καταχθόνιος, i. e. Pluto, Il.; δαίμονες κ. Dii Manes, Anth.
1. a low helmet or skull-cap of neat's leather, Il.
1. to let flow down, shed, Od.:—Mid. to flow apace, Hom.; metaph., κατείβετο αἰών life ebbed, passed away, Od.
1. over against, opposite, before, τινί Il., Hes.; τινός Hdt., etc.
1. to throw or cast down, Orac. ap. Hdt.:—Pass. to fall in ruins, of Troy, Eur.
2. intr. in aor2 κατ-ήρι^πον, to fall down, fall prostrate, Il., Theocr.; so in perf., τεῖχος κατ-ερήριπεν Il.
1. to hold back, Hom., Soph.
1. to hold back, detain, Hom., Theogn., Ar.:—Pass., κατερύκεται εὐρέϊ πόντῳ Od.
1. to eat up, devour, of animals of prey, Hom.; of men, to eat up, Od., Hdt.
2. to eat up or devour one's substance, Ar., Dem.
3. λίθοι κατεδηδεςμένοι ὑπὸ ςηπεδόνος corroded, Plat.
1. to put to bed, lull to sleep, Soph.; of death, id=Soph.; ἐκτὸς αὐτὸν τάξεων κατηύναςεν assigned him quarters outside the army, Eur.; κ. τινὰ μόχθων to give one rest from . . , Anth.:—Pass. to lie down to sleep, Il.
1. to put to sleep, Il.: metaph. to lull pain to sleep, Soph.:—Pass. to be asleep, Od.
1. Dep. to spring down upon, rush upon, κατεπάλμενος (aor2 part. syncop.) Il., Anth.
2. for κατ-έπαλτο, v. katapa/llw.
1. to assuage, allay epic 3rd pl. imperf. pass., κατηπιόωντο Il.
1. covered over, vaulted, overhanging, Hom., Hes.; κ. πέτρος, of a cave, Soph.:— of trees, thick-leaved, Theocr.:— κ. πόδα τιθέναι to keep the foot covered, of Pallas when seated, and the robe falls over her feet, opp. to ὀρθὸν πόδα τ., when she steps forward, Aesch.
2. covered by a thing, c. dat., ςπέος δάφνῃςι κατηρεφές shaded by laurels, embowered in them, Od.; τύμβῳ κ., i. e. buried, Soph.: —also c. gen., covered with or by a thing, Eur.
1. to be downcast, to be mute with horror or grief, Hom., Eur.
1. one who causes grief or shame, as Priam calls his sons κατηφόνες, dedecora, Il.
1. from the shoulder, δίςκος κ. a quoit thrown from the shoulder, i. e. from the upturned hand held above the shoulder, Il.; cf. κατ-ωμα^δόν
2. worn or borne on the shoulder, Anth.
1. from the shoulders, with the arm drawn back to the shoulder, Il.
1. behind, after, in the rear, Hom.; c. gen., Od.
2. of Time, hereafter, afterwards, henceforth, id=Od.
1. the shaft of a spear, Il.: the hilt of a sword, id=Il.
2. the stalk of a plat, Ar., etc.
1. fem. adj. burning hot, raging, in gen. καυςτείρης κάχης Il.
1. burning heat, esp. of the sun, καύματος in the sun-heat, Il.; καῦμ̆ ἔθαλπε Soph.
2. fever-heat, Thuc.:—metaph. of love, Anth.
1. to split, cleave wood, Od.; of lightning, to shiver, shatter, id=Od.; of a spear, κέαςςε δὲ ὀςτέα λευκά Il.; [κεφαλὴ] ἄνδιχα κεάςθη was cloven in twain, id=Il.
1. to cut the hair short, shear, clip, Il., Hdt., Eur.:— Mid. to cut off one's hair or have it cut off, as in deep mourning, Hom., Eur., etc.:—Pass., βοςτρύχους κεκαρμένος having one's locks cut off, Eur.; κεκάρθαι τὰς κεφαλάς to have their heads shorn, in sign of mourning, Hdt.: of the hair, to be cut off, Pind.
2. to cut or hew out, Il.; ὕλην Soph.
3. to ravage a country, by cutting down the crops and fruit-trees, Hdt., Thuc.:—Pass., of a country, to be ravaged, Thuc.:—Mid., Ἄρης πλάκα κερςάμενος having had the plain swept clean (by destroying the men), Aesch.
4. generally, to destroy, and so,
5. to tear, eat greedily, Lat. depasci, of beasts, Hom.; ἔκειρε πολύκερων φόνον, i. e. he slaughtered many a horned beast, Soph.
6. of the suitors, to consume, waste one's substance, Od.
1. to break asunder, break up, scatter, Hom.:—Pass., κεδαςθείςης ὑςμίνης when the battle was broken up, i. e. when the combatants were no longer in masses, Il.
1. careful, diligent, sage, trusty, Hom., Aesch., Eur.
2. pass. cared for, cherished, dear, Hom.
3. of things, κέδν̆ εἰδυῖα knowing her duties, Od.; κ. φροντίς, βουλεύματα sage, wise, Aesch.; of news, good, joyful, id=Aesch.
1. only found in phrase κεκαφηὼς θυμόν breathing forth one's life, Lat. animam agens, Hom.—Commonly referred to κάπτω.
1. a woman's head-dress of net, to confine the hair, Lat. reticulum, Il., Anth.
2. part of the headstall of a bridle, Xen.
3. the pouch or belly of a hunting-net, id=Xen., Plut.
1. sounding, roaring, Hom., Theocr.
1. to sound as rushing water, Orac. ap. Aeschin.:— to shout aloud, in applause, Il.; κ. παιᾶνα to sound the loud paean, Eur.
2. of various sounds, to utter a cry, cry aloud, Aesch., Ar., etc.; of bells, to ring, tinkle, Eur.; of the flute, κ. φθόγγον κάλλιςτον id=Eur.
3. trans. to sing of, celebrate loudly, τινά Pind., Eur., etc.
1. sounding, noisy, Il.; epith. of Artemis, from the noise of the chase, Hom.:—doric κελαδεννός, Pind.
1. black with clouds, of Zeus, shrouded in dark clouds, cloudwrapt, Hom.:—generally, dark-coloured, αἷμα id=Hom.; πεδίον κ. black, rich soil, Pind.
1. black, swart, dark, murky, Hom., etc.
1. to murmur, of running water, Hom.; doric 3rd sg. imperf. κελάρυςδε Theocr.
1. continually urging on [the men], Il.
1. to urge or drive on, urge, exhort, bid, command, order, Hom., etc.: c. acc. pers. et inf. to order one to do, Il.; (also c. dat. pers., Hom.):—c. acc. pers. et rei, τί με ταῦτα κελεύεις (sc. ποιεῖν); also c. acc. pers. only, θυμός με κελεύει (sc. φείδεςθαι) Od.; ἐκέλευςε τοὺς ἕνδεκα ἐπὶ τὸν Θηραμένην ordered them [to go] against him, ordered them to seize him, Xen.; c. acc. rei only, to command a thing, Aesch.:—Pass., τὸ κελευόμενον, τὰ -να, commands, orders, Xen.
1. to ride, of one who rides one or more horses, leaping from one to the other, Il.
1. a young deer, a pricket, Il.:—also κεμμάς, Anth.
1. vain-glorious, Il.
1. the hollow below the ribs, the flank, Hom., Xen.
2. any hollow, a glen, Anth.
1. to prick, goad, spur on, Il., Ar.
2. of bees and wasps, to sting, Ar., Theocr.
3. generally, to prick, stab, Pind., Soph., etc.: to torture, Xen.: metaph., ςὺν δόλωι κ. to stab in the dark, Soph.
1. spurred or goaded on, Il.
1. of things, empty, opp. to πλέως or πλήρης, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. metaph. empty, vain, κενὰ εὔγματα Od.; κ. ἐλπίς Aesch., etc.:—in adverbial usages, neut. pl., κενεὰ πνεύςας Pind.; διὰ κενῆς to no purpose, in vain, Ar., Thuc.
3. of persons,
4. c. gen. void, destitute, bereft, τοῦ νοῦ, φρενῶν Soph.; ςυμμάζων Eur.
5. empty-handed, Hom., Hdt., attic:— bereft of her mate, λέαινα Soph.: — empty of wit, empty-headed, id=Soph., Ar.
6. comp. and Sup. κενώτερος, -ώτατος, Plat., etc.
1. to mix, mingle, (cf. κρᾶςις):
2. mostly of diluting wine with water, Od., attic;—so in Mid., ὅτε περ οἶνον κέρωνται when they mix their wine, Il.; κρητῆρα κεράςςατο he mixed him a bowl, Od.:—Pass., κύλιξ ἴςον ἴςωι κεκραμένη a cup mixed half and half, Ar.
3. to temper or cool by mixing, θυμῆρες κεράςαςα having mixed (the water) to an agreeable temperature, Od.
4. generally, to mix, blend, temper, regulate, Lat. tempero, of climates, ὧραι μάλιςτα κεκραμέναι most temperate seasons, Hdt.; οὐ γῆρας κέκραται γενεᾶι no old age is mingled with the race, i. e. it knows no old age, Pind.:—of tempers of mind, Plat.
5. generally, to mix, compound, Lat. attempero, ἔκ τινος of a thing, id=Plat.; φωνὴ μεταξὺ τῆς τε Χαλκιδέων καὶ Δωρίδος ἐκράθη Thuc.
1. to ravage, despoil, plunder, Hom., Hdt.
2. of ships, to sink or disable them, Hdt.
3. of living beings, to assail fiercely, to slaughter, Il., Hdt.
4. to carry off as plunder, Hdt.
1. ζωρότερον κέραιε, mix the wine stronger, Il.
1. a potter, Lat. figulus, Il.: —proverb., κεραμεὺς κεραμεῖ κοτέει "two of a trade never agree, " Hes.
1. polishing or working horn, esp. for bows, Il.
1. a thunderbolt, Lat. fulmen, Hom., etc.: generally, thunder:—but thunder properly was βροντή, Lat. tonitru; lightning was ςτεροπή, Lat. fulgur.
2. metaph., κεραυνὸν ἐν γλώςςῃ φέρειν, of Pericles, Plut.
1. horned, Hom., Theocr.
2. of horn, made of horn, Anth.
1. more profitable, Hom., etc.
2. κέρδιςτος, η, ον, Sup. most cunning or crafty, Il.
3. of things, most profitable, Aesch., Soph.
1. having an eye to gain, wily, crafty, cunning, Hom.:—of the fox, Archil. ap. Plat.
2. of things, gainful, profitable, κερδαλεώτερον Hdt.:— τὸ κ. ͂ κέρδος, Aesch., Thuc.: adv. -le/ws, to one's advantage, Thuc.
1. crafty-minded, Il.
1. like κερδαλεότης, cunning, craft: dat. κερδοςύνῃ as adv., by craft, cunningly, Hom.
1. in the loom, the rod or comb by which the threads of the woof were driven home, so as to make the web even and close, Hom., Soph., etc.
2. any rod, a measuring-rod, Anth.
3. the great bone of the leg, the tibia, Plut.
1. to taunt or sneer at, c. acc. pers., Od., Aesch., Eur.: absol. to sneer, Od.:— Pass. to be scoffed at, Eur.
1. = kerto/mhsis, jeering, mockery, in pl., κερτομίας ἤδ̆ αἴςυλα μυθήςαςθαι Il.; κερτομίας καὶ χεῖρας ἀφέξω Od.
1. heart-cutting, stinging, reproachful, Od.; Δία κερτομίοις ἐπέεςςι Hom.; also, κερτομίοιςι (without ἐπέεςςι) id=Hom.; κέρτομα βάζειν Hes.; χοροὶ κέρτομοι abusive, Hdt.
2. mocking, delusive, κέρτομος χαρά Eur.
1. stitched, embroidered, κεςτὸς ἱμάς of Aphrodite's charmed girdle, Il.
2. later, κεςτός, οῦ, as Subst., Lat. cestus, Anth., Luc.
1. a fish held in esteem among the Greeks, Ar.
1. the head of man or beast, Hom., etc.; κατὰ κεφαλῆς, epic κὰκ κεφαλῆς, over the head, id=Hom.; κὰκ κεφαλήν on the head, Il.:— ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς from head to foot, id=Il.:— ἐπὶ κεφαλήν head foremost, head downwards, headlong, Hdt., Plat., etc.
2. the head, put for the whole person, Hom.; ἶςον ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ like myself, Il.; φίλη κ., Lat. carum caput, id=Il.: in bad sense, ὦ κακαὶ κεφαλαί Hdt.; ὦ μιαρὰ κ. Ar.
3. the head, i. e. the life, παρθέμενοι κεφαλάς setting their heads on the cast, Od.:—in imprecations, ἐς κεφαλὴν τρέποιτ̆ ἐμοί on my head be it! Ar., etc.
4. generally, κ. ςκορόδου a head of garlic, id=Ar.: the top or brim of a vessel, Theocr.: the coping of a wall, Xen.:—in pl. the head or source of a river, Hdt.
5. metaph., like κεφάλαιον, the crown, completion of a thing, Plat.
1. to cover quite up, to cover, hide, of the grave, ὅπου κύθε γαῖα where earth covered him, Od.; so, ὃν οὐδὲ κατθανόντα γαῖα κ. Aesch.; also, ὁπότ̆ ἄν ςε δόμοι κεκύθωςι, i. e. when thou hast entered the house, Od.: Soph.:—perf. to contain, Hom., Soph.
2. to conceal, and in perf. to keep concealed, Hom.; οὐκέτι κεύθετε βρωτὺν οὐδὲ ποτῆτα no more can ye disguise your eating and drinking, Od.; κ. τι ἔνδον καρδίας Aesch.; κ. μῆνιν to cherish anger, Eur.
3. c. dupl. acc., οὐδέ ςε κεύςω [ταῦτα] nor will I keep them secret from thee, Od.
4. in Trag. sometimes intr. to be concealed, lie hidden, esp. in perf., Aesch., Soph.
1. to be laid (used as a Pass. to τίθημι), and so to lie, lie outstretched, Hom., etc.; ὁ δ̆ ἐπ̆ ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεθρα lay stretched over nine plethra, Od.; κειμένωι ἐπεμπηδᾶν to kick him when he's down, Ar.
2. to lie asleep, repose, Hom., etc.:—also, to lie idle, lie still, id=Hom.; ὑπὸ γαςτέρ̆ ἐλυςθεὶς κείμην of Ulysses under the ram's belly, Od.; κακὸν κείμενον a sleeping evil, Soph.
3. to lie sick or wounded, lie in misery, Hom., Soph., etc.; to lie at the mercy of the conqueror, Aesch.
4. to lie dead, like Lat. jacere, Hom., Hdt., Trag.
5. to lie neglected or uncared for, of an unburied corpse, Il.;—so also of places, to lie in ruins, Aesch.
6. of wrestlers, to have a fall, id=Aesch., Ar.
7. of places, to lie, be situated, Od., Hdt., attic
8. to be laid up, be in store, of goods, property, Hom.;—also of things dedicated to a god, Hdt.; of money, κείμενα deposits, id=Hdt.
9. to be set up, proposed, κεῖται ἄεθλον Il.; ὅπλων ἔκειτ̆ ἀγὼν πέρι Soph.
10. of laws, κεῖται νόμος the law is laid down, Eur., Thuc.; οἱ νόμοι οἱ κείμενοι the established laws, Ar.; κεῖται ζημία the penalty is fixed by law, Thuc.
11. of names, κεῖται ὄνομα the name is given, Hdt., Xen.
12. metaph., πένθος ἐνὶ φρεςὶ κεῖται grief lies heavy on my heart, Od.; ταῦτα θεῶν ἐν γούναςι κεῖται, i. e. these things are yet in the power of the gods, to give or not, Il.
13. κεῖςθαι ἔν τινι to rest entirely or be dependent on him, Pind.; θεῶι κείμεθα Soph.
14. to be so and so, Hdt., Aesch.:—simply, to be, νεῖκος κ. τιςι there is strife between them, Soph.
1. ὑπὸ κεύθεςι γαίης in the depths of the earth, Hom.; in sg., κ. νεκύων Soph.; κ. οἴκων the innermost chambers, like μυχός, Eur.
1. one who is in charge, esp. for burial, Il.
2. generally, a protector, guardian, Theogn., Soph., etc.:—also of a female, Soph.
3. = khdesth/s, Eur., Ar.
1. in the heart, with all the heart, heartily, Hom., Hes.
1. to be a herald, officiate as herald, Il.; λαὸν κηρύςςοντες ἀγειρόντων let them convene the people by voice of herald, id=Il.; κήρυςςε, κῆρυξ Aesch., etc.:—impers., κηρύςςει (sc. ὁ κῆρυξ) he gives notice, proclamation is made, Xen.
2. c. acc. pers. to summon by voice of herald, Hom., Ar.
3. to proclaim as conqueror, Xen., etc.: to extol, Eur.
4. to call upon, invoke, Aesch., Eur.
5. c. acc. rei, to proclaim, announce, τί τινι Trag.:— to proclaim or advertise for sale, Hdt.; κ. ἀποικίαν to proclaim a colony, i. e. to invite people to join as colonists, Thuc.
6. to proclaim or command publicly, Lat. indicere, Aesch., Soph., etc.; τὰ κηρυχθέντα the public orders, Soph.
1. as epith. of Lacedaemon, full of hollows or ravines, Hom.; cf. μεγακήτης.
1. smelling as of incense, fragrant, Il.
1. smelling as of incense, fragrant, Il.
1. to play the cithara, φόρμιγγι κιθάριζε Il., Hes.; λύρῃ ἐρατὸν κιθαρίζων Hhymn. (so that there can have been no great difference between the κιθάρα, λύρα, and φόρμιγξ); κιθαρίζειν οὐκ ἐπίςταται, of an uneducated person, Ar.
1. the art of playing the cithara, Il.
1. to call, summon, Hom.
2. to call on, invoke, implore, Il., Aesch., etc.
3. to accost, address, Il.
4. to name, call by name, id=Il., Aesch., Eur.: —Pass., νῆςός τις Συρίη κικλήςκεται there is an island called Syros, Od.; cf. κλῄζω II.
1. pf to set in motion, to move, Hom., attic
2. to move or remove a thing from its place, Hdt.; κ. τὰ ἀκίνητα to meddle with things sacred, id=Hdt., Soph.; κ. τὰ χρήματα ἐς ἄλλο τι to apply them to an alien purpose, Hdt.;— κ. τὸ ςτρατόπεδον, Lat. castra movere, Xen.:— to change, innovate, τὰ νόμαια Hdt.
3. to rouse, disturb, of a wasps' nest, Il.: to stir up, arouse, urge on, Trag., etc.
4. to set agoing, cause, call forth, Soph., etc.:—proverb., κ. πᾶν χρῆμα to turn every stone, try every way, Hdt.
5. Pass. to be put in motion, to be moved, move, stir, Il., Hdt., attic
6. to move forward, of soldiers, Soph., Xen., etc.
1. wailing, plaintive, Il.
1. to reach, hit, or light upon, meet with, find, Hom.:— to overtake, Il.: to reach, arrive at, id=Il.; ςε δουρὶ κιχήςομαι shall reach thee, id=Il.; τέλος θανάτοιο κιχήμενον death that is sure to reach one, inevitable, id=Il.
2. rarely c. gen., like τυγχάνω, Soph.
1. to make a sharp piercing sound, of birds, to scream, screech, Il., Soph., etc.; of dogs, to bark, bay, Od., Ar.; of things, as of arrows in the quiver, to clash, rattle, Il.; of the wind, to whistle, Od.; of wheels, to creak, Aesch.; c. acc. cogn., κλάζουςι φόβον ring forth terror, id=Aesch.
2. of men, to shout, scream, Il.:—the nearest approach to articulate sound is in Aesch., μάντις ἔκλαγξεν ἄλλο μῆχαρ shrieked forth another remedy; Ζῆνα ἐπινίκια κλάζων sounding loudly the victory-song of Zeus, id=Aesch.
1. a rumour, report, news, Lat. fama, Hom.; ςὸν κλέος news of thee, Od.; c. gen., κλέος Ἀχαιῶν the report of their coming, Il.:— a mere report, opp. to certainty, κλέος οἶον ἀκούομεν, οὐδέ τι ἴδμεν we hear a rumour only, but know naught, id=Il.
2. good report, fame, glory, Hom.; κλέος οὐρανὸν ἵκει Od.; κλ. ἑλέςθαι, εὑρέςθαι Pind.; λαβεῖν Soph.; κλ. καταθέςθαι to lay up store of glory, Hdt., etc.: —in pl., ἄειδε κλέα ἀνδρῶν (shortd. from kle/ea), was singing the lays of their achievements, Il.
3. in bad sense, δύςφημον κλέος ill repute, Pind.; αἰςχρὸν κλ. Eur.;—both senses combined in Thuc., ἧς ἂν ἐπ̆ ἐλάχιςτον ἀρετῆς πέρι ἢ ψόγου κλέος ᾖ of whom there is least talk either for praise or blame.
1. a thief, Il., Aesch., etc.: generally, a cheat, knave, Soph.
1. to steal, filch, purloin, Hom., etc.; τῆς γενεῆς ἔκλεψε from that breed Anchises stole, i. e. stole foals of that breed, Il.; ςῶμα κλ. to let it down secretly, Eur.
2. in part. act. thievish, κλέπτον βλέπει he has a thief's look, Ar.
3. to cozen, cheat, deceive, beguile, Il., Hes., etc.:—Pass., προβαίνει κλεπτόμενος he goes on blindfold, Hdt.
4. like κρύπτω, to conceal, keep secret, disguise, Pind., Soph., Eur., etc.
5. to do secretly or treacherously, κλ. ςφαγάς to perpetrate slaughter secretly, Soph.; κλ. μύθους to whisper malicious rumours, id=Soph.; κλέπτων ἢ βιαζόμενος by fraud or force, Plat.
6. to seize or occupy secretly, Xen.
1. by name, Il.
1. to make to bend, slope, or slant, Lat. inclinare, κλίνειν τάλαντα to incline or turn the scale, Il.; Τρῶας ἔκλιναν made them give way, id=Il.; ἔκλινε μάχην turned the tide of war, id=Il.
2. to make one thing lean against another, i. e. ςάκε̆ ὤμοιςι κλίναντες, i. e. raising their shields so that the upper rim rested on their shoulders, id=Il.
3. to turn aside, ὄςςε πάλιν κλίναςα having turned back her eyes, id=Il.
4. to make to recline, ἐν κλίνηι κλ. τινά to make him lie down at table, Hdt.:—metaph., ἡμέρα κλίνει ἅπαντα puts to rest, lays low all things, Soph.
5. Pass. to be bent, bend, ἐκλίνθη he bent aside, swerved, Il.; of a pan, ἂψ ἑτέρως̆ ἐκλίθη it was tipped over to the other side, Od.
6. to lean or stay oneself upon or against a thing, c. dat., Hom.; so in Mid., κλινάμενος Od.:—also, κεκλιμένος ἐπάλξεςιν seeking safety in them, Il.
7. to lie down, lie, Hom., etc.; to lie on a couch at meals, Hdt., etc.
8. of Places (in perf.), to lie sloping towards the sea, ἁλὶ κεκλιμένη Od.; νῆςοι, αἵθ̆ ἁλὶ κεκλίαται (epic for κέκλινται), id=Od.
9. to wander from the right course, Theogn.
10. Mid. to decline, of the day, Hdt.; so, intr. in Act., ἡ ἡμέρα ἤρξατο κλίνειν NTest.:—metaph., κλ. ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον to fall off, degenerate, Xen.
1. to weep, lament, wail, Hom., etc.; αὐτὸν κλαίοντα ἀφήςω I shall send him home weeping, i. e. well beaten, Il.; hence κλαύςεται he shall weep, i. e. he shall repent it, Ar.; κλαύςει μακρά id=Ar.; κλάων to your sorrow, at your peril, Soph., Eur.; κλάειν ςε λέγω or κελεύω, Lat. plorare te jubeo, Ar.
2. trans. to weep for, lament, Hom.:—in Pass. to be lamented, Aesch.: impers., μάτην ἐμοὶ κεκλαύςεται I shall mourn in vain, Ar.
3. Mid. to bewail oneself, weep aloud, Aesch.; so perf. part. pass., κεκλαυμένος bathed in tears, all tears, id=Aesch., Soph.
4. trans. to bewail to oneself, Soph.
1. any sharp sound, such as the twang of a bow, Il.; the scream of cranes, Hom.; the grunting of swine, Od.; the hissing of serpents, Aesch.; the barking of dogs, Xen.:—also of song, Soph.; κλ. δύςφατος, of Cassandra-prophecies, Aesch.
1. with a clang, noise, din, Il.
1. a weeping, Hom., Hdt., Aesch.
1. that which serves for closing:
2. a bar or bolt, drawn or undrawn by a latch or thong (ἱμάς), Hom.
3. a key, or rather a kind of catch or hook, by which the bar (ὀχεύς) was shot or unshot from the outside, id=Hom.
4. a key (unknown to Hom.), Aesch., Eur.
5. metaph., Ἁςυχία βουλᾶν τε καὶ πολέμων κλαῖδας ἔχοιςα Pind.; κλῇς ἐπὶ γλώςςῃ βέβηκε, of enforced silence, Soph.; so, καθαρὰν ἀνοῖξαι κλῇδα φρενῶν Eur.
6. the hook or tongue of a clasp, Od.
7. the collar-bone, so called because it locks the neck and breast together Il., Soph., etc.
8. a rowing bench, which locked the sides of the ship together, Od.
9. a narrow pass, "the key" of a country, Hdt.; a strait, Eur.
1. = klei=qron, Lat. claustrum, Luc.
1. called, invited, welcome, Od.
2. called out, chosen, Il.
1. a place for lying down, hence
2. a hut, cot, cabin, such as besiegers lived in during long sieges, Il.:—that they were not tents, but wooden huts, appears from Il. 24.448 sq.; and when an army broke up, it burnt them on the spot, Od. 8.501
3. a couch or easy chair, Od., Pind.
4. a bed, nuptial bed, Eur.
5. a company of people sitting at meals, NTest.
6. a reclining or lying, Plut.
1. out of or from a hut, Il.
1. a couch, Hom.
1. a slope, hill-side, Lat. clivus, Hom., Soph.
1. to drive in confusion, drive before one, Il., Hes.
2. generally, to ruffle, Soph., Ar.
3. Pass. to be driven in confusion, rush wildly, Il., Pind.
4. to be beaten by the waves, Soph.
1. to deal subtly, to spin out time by false pretences, Il.;—it seems to be a lengthd. form of κλέπτω, κλωπεύω.
1. famous for his art, renowned artist, Hom.
1. with noble steeds, Il.
1. heard of, i. e. famous, renowned, glorious, of persons, Hom.
2. of things, noble, splendid, beauteous, id=Hom., etc.
1. famous for the bow, renowned archer, Hom.
1. stony, rocky, Il.
1. any confused motion, the press of battle, battle-rout, turmoil, Il.; κλόνοι ἱππιόχαρμαι throngs of fighting horsemen, Aesch.
1. to dash over, of a wave, Hhymn.: to dash like a wave, Aesch.:—Pass. to be dashed up, of the sea, Hom.; to rise in waves, Hes.
2. to wash off or away, Eur.
3. to wash or rinse out, Xen.
4. εἰς ὦτα κλ. to put water into the ears and so cleanse them, Eur.
5. κεκλυςμένος καρῶι washed over or coated with wax, Theocr.
1. to hear, Hom., etc.; κλύειν τί τινος to hear a thing from a person, Il., etc.; then, κλύειν τινος to hear him, id=Il.; κλ. τι to hear it, Od., etc.:—c. gen. objecti, to hear of a person or thing, Soph.
2. to perceive generally, know, Od., Hes.
3. to give ear to, attend to, τινός Hom., etc.; the imperat. is esp. used in prayers, give ear to me, hear me, κλῦθί μευ, Ἀργυρότοξε Il.; κέκλυτέ μευ, θεοί id=Il.:—also c. dat. to listen to, obey, Hes., etc.
4. in Trag. like ἀκούω V. to be called or spoken of so and so, with an adv., εὖ or κακῶς κλύειν.
1. to scrape or grate, Lat. radere, Il.; τὸν κηρὸν κνᾶν to scrape it off, Hdt.
2. to scratch:— Mid. to scratch oneself, Plat.
3. to tickle, id=Plat.; Mid., κνᾶςθαι τὰ ὦτα to tickle one's ears, Luc.
1. darkness, evening dusk, twilight, Il., Aesch.; also, τὸ κατὰ γῆς κν. Eur.
2. later, the morning twilight or dawn, Lat. diluculum, κνέφᾳ at dawn, Xen.
1. the part between the knee and ankle, the leg, Lat. tibia, Hom., Hdt., Eur., etc.
1. a greave or piece of armour from knee to ankle, Lat. ocrea, περὶ κνήμῃςιν ἔθηκεν Il.; the κνημῖδες were fastened at the ankle with clasps (ἐπιςφύρια) : βόειαι κνημῖδες are ox-hide leggings, used by labourers, Od.
1. the projecting limb or (as we say) shoulder of a mountain, Hom.
1. a knife for scraping cheese, Il.
1. Lat. nidor, the steam and odour which exhales from roasting meat, the savour and steam of burnt sacrifice, which ascends up to heaven as a gift to the gods, Hom.
2. that which caused this smell and steam, i. e. the fat, in which the flesh of the victim was wrapped and burnt, μηρούς τ̆ ἐξέταμον κατά τε κνίςῃ ἐκάλυψαν Il.
1. a ruler, commander, Hom., Trag.
1. to lull or hush to sleep, put to sleep, Hom.
2. metaph. to lull to rest, still, calm, ἀνέμους, κύματα id=Hom.; ὀδύνας Il.; κοίμηςον εὔφημον ςτόμα lay thy tongue asleep in silence, Aesch.
3. Mid. and Pass. to fall asleep, go or lie abed, Hom., Hdt., etc.
4. of the sleep of death, κοιμήςατο χάλκεον ὕπνον he slept an iron sleep, Il.: absol. to fall asleep, die, Soph., NTest.
5. to keep watch at night, Lat. excubare, Aesch., Xen.
1. to be lord or master, to rule, command, Hom.
2. c. gen. to be lord of, Hes., Aesch.; also, c. dat., Aesch.
1. a sheath, scabbard of a sword, Lat. culeus, Hom., attic
1. to glue, cement, Ar., Plat.
2. to join one metal to another, κ. χρυςὸν ἐλέφαντά τε, i. e. to make [a crown] inlaid with gold and ivory, Pind.
3. generally, to join fast together:— Pass. to cleave to, κεκόλληται πρὸς ἄτᾳ is indissolubly bound to woe, Aesch.; so, of persons, κ. τινι to cleave to another, NTest.; and of things, ὁ κονιορτὸς ὁ κολληθείς τινι id=NTest.
4. to put together, build, Pind.
1. glued together, closely joined, well-framed, Hom., Eur., etc.
2. ὑποκρητηρίδιον κολλητόν a stand welded to the κρητήρ, Hdt.
1. a jackdaw, daw, Lat. graculus, Il., Pind., Ar.: proverbs: κολοιὸς ποτὶ κολοιόν "birds of a feather flock together, " Arist.; κολοιὸς ἀλλοτρίοις πτεροῖς ἀγάλλεται a jackdaw "in borrowed plumes, " Luc.
1. poet. word, a noisy rabble, Il., Ar.
1. to cut short, dock, curtail, Hdt.
2. metaph. to cut off, disappoint, τὸ μὲν τελέει, τὸ δὲ κολούει part he brings to pass, part he cuts off, of the threats of Achilles, Il.; μηδὲ τὰ δῶρα κολούετε curtail them not, Od.:—of persons, τὰ ὑπερέχοντα κ. to cut down, degrade, those who are exalted above others, Hdt.:—Pass. to be cut short or abridged, Aesch.; ἐπειδὰν κολουθῶςι when they suffer abatement, Thuc.
1. a hill, mound, Il.: esp. a sepulchral mound, barrow, Lat. tumulus, Soph.
1. to brawl, scold, Il.
1. a brawling, wrangling, Il.
1. to let the hair grow long, wear long hair, Il.; κομέειν τὴν κεφαλήν Hdt. In early times the Greeks wore their hair long, whence κάρη κομόωντες Ἀχαιοί in Hom. At Sparta the fashion continued. At Athens it was so worn by youths up to the 18th year, when they offered their long locks to some deity; and to wear long hair was considered as a sign of aristocratic habits: hence
2. κομᾶν meant to plume oneself, give oneself airs, be proud or haughty, like Lat. cristam tollere, Ar.; οὗτος ἐκόμηςε ἐπὶ τυραννίδι he aimed at the monarchy, Hdt.; ἐπὶ τῷ κομᾷς; on what do you plume yourself? Ar.
3. of horses, χρυςέῃςιν ἐθείρῃςιν κομόωντε decked with golden manes, Il.
4. metaph. of trees, plants, foliage, Hhymn., etc.
1. to take care of, provide for, Hom.:— to receive hospitably, to entertain, Thuc.; more commonly in Mid., Hom.
2. of things, to mind, attend to, give heed to, id=Hom., etc.; ἔξω κομίζειν πηλοῦ πόδα to keep one's foot out of the mud, Aesch.
3. to carry away so as to preserve, carry home, carry safe away, Il., etc.; simply, to save, rescue, τινὰ ἐκ θανάτου Pind.; but, νεκρὸν κ. to carry out to burial, Soph., Eur.
4. to carry off as a prize or as booty, Il., Pind.:—Mid. to get for oneself, receive in full, acquire, gain, Soph., etc.
5. to carry, convey, bear, Hom., etc.:—Pass. to be conveyed, to journey, travel, Hdt.; εἴςω κομίζου get thee in, Aesch.; so in fut. and aor1 mid., κομιεύμεθα ἐς Σίριν Hdt., etc.
6. to bring to a place, bring hither, bring in, καρπὸν κ. to gather in corn, id=Hdt., etc.:—so in Mid., id=Hdt., Soph.; and perf. pass. in mid. sense, τοὺς καρποὺς κεκόμιςθε you have reaped the fruits, Dem.
7. to conduct, escort, Soph., Plat., etc.; κ. ναῦς Thuc.
8. to get back, recover, Pind., Eur., Plat., etc.:—Mid. to get back for oneself, recover, Eur., Thuc.; κομίζεςθαι χρήματα to recover a debt, Dem.:—Pass. to come or go back, return, Hdt., attic
9. like Lat. affero, to bring, give, Aesch.
1. attendance, care, in Il., always of care bestowed on horses; in Od., of care bestowed on men, by means of baths, etc.; also, care bestowed on a garden, Od.
2. provision, supplies, id=Od.
3. carriage, conveyance, importation, Thuc.: a gathering in of harvest, Xen.
4. (from Mid. also) a carrying away for oneself, a recovery, Hdt.:— the recovery of a debt, payment, Dem.
5. (from Pass.) a going or coming, Hdt.: an escape, safe return, id=Hdt.
1. to ring, clash, κόμπει χαλκός Il.
2. metaph., like κομπάζω, to speak big, boast, brag, vaunt, Hdt., Eur.; c. acc. cogn., κ. μῦθον to speak a boastful speech, Soph.
3. c. acc. to boast of, Aesch.:—Pass., to be boasted of, Thuc.
1. to raise dust: to hasten, Anth.
1. dust, a cloud of dust, stirred up by men's feet, Il.; also in pl., like Lat. arenae, Hom., etc.
2. sand or soil (v. u(pere/ptw) Il.
3. ashes, in pl. like Lat. cineres, Od.
4. a fine powder, sprinkled over wrestlers' bodies after being oiled, to make them more easily grasped by the opponent:—this powder was also used in the bath, Ar.
1. a cloud of dust, Il.
1. to make dusty, cover with clouds of dust, Il.:—Pass., φεῦγον κεκονιμένοι all dusty fled they, Virgil's pulverulenta fuga dant terga, id=Il.; hence, to be in great haste, Ar., etc.
2. Pass. to be sprinkled as with dust, Theocr.
3. intr., κονίοντες πεδίοιο galloping o'er the dusty plain, Hom.
1. to resound, clash, ring, reecho, Hom., Hes.
1. with a noise, clash, din, Anth.
1. to sate, satiate, satisfy, τινα Theogn., Aesch.: to fill one with a thing, c. dat., Il.; also c. gen. rei, to fill full of, Soph.:—Mid. to satisfy oneself, have one's fill, c. gen., ἐκορέςςατο φορβῆς Il., etc.; c. part., κλαίουςα κορέςςατο she had her fill of weeping, Od.: —Pass. to be satiated, Hes.; rarely c. dat. rei, πλούτωι κεκορημένος Theogn.; ὕβρι Hdt.
1. to lift up, raise, Ζεὺς κόρθυνεν ἑὸν μένος raised high his wrath, Hes.:—Pass., κῦμα κορθύεται waxes high, rears its crest, Il.
1. helmet-shaking, i. e. with waving plume, Il.
1. with glancing helm, Il.
1. a club-bearer, mace-bearer, Il.
1. a helmed man, an armed warrior, Il.
1. the head, top, highest point; hence,
2. the crown or top of the head, Il., Hdt., attic
3. the top or peak of a mountain, Il., Hdt., Aesch.
4. metaph. the highest point, Lat. summa, παντὸς ἔχει κορυφάν is the best of all, Pind.; κορυφὰ λόγων προτέρων the sum and substance of ancient legends, id=Pind.
5. the height or excellence of a thing, i. e. the choicest, noblest, best, id=Pind.
1. to bring to a head:— Pass., [κῦμα] κορυφοῦται rises with arching crest, Il.; τὸ ἔςχατον κορυφοῦται βαςιλεῦςι kings are on the highest pinnacle, Pind.
2. to bring to an end, finish, Plut.:—Pass., κορυφούμενος being summed up, Anth.
1. crook-beaked, curved, of ships, from the outline of the prow and stern, Hom.
2. of kine, with crumpled horns, Theocr.
3. as Subst. a curved line, a flourish with the pen at the end of a book, Anth.:—metaph. an end, finish, ἐπιθεῖναι κορωνίδα τινί Luc.
1. a club, mace, Il., Hdt.:— a shepherd's staff, Theocr.
1. to furnish with a helmet, and, generally, to fit out, equip, marshal, Il., Hes.:—Pass. and Mid. to equip or arm oneself, Il.
2. to make crested, κόρυςςε κῦμα he reared his crested wave, id=Il.:—Pass. to rear its head, of a wave, id=Il.; of Rumour, id=Il.; of clouds, Theocr.
1. Lat. cornix, the chough or sea-crow, a small kind with red legs and bill, Od.
2. = ko/rac, the carrion-crow, Hes., Ar.
3. anything hooked or curved, like a crow's bill,
4. the handle on a door, Od.
5. the tip of a bow, on which the bowstring was hooked, Hom.:—metaph., βιῷ κορώνην ἐπιθεῖναι to put a finish to life, Luc.
1. to order, arrange, Hom., etc.: esp. to set an army in array, marshal it, Il.:— Mid., κοςμηςάμενος πολιήτας having arranged his men, id=Il.
2. generally, to arrange, prepare, δόρπον Od.; ἔργα Hes., etc.
3. to dispose, order, rule, govern, Hdt., Soph., etc.; τὰ κοςμούμενα orderly institutions, set order, Soph.
4. in Crete, to be Cosmos (κόςμος ΙΙΙ), rule as such, Arist.
5. to deck, adorn, equip, furnish, dress, esp. of women, Hhymn., Hes., etc.: Mid., κοςμέεςθαι τὰς κεφαλάς to adorn their heads, Hdt., etc.
6. metaph. to adorn, embellish, Eur., Thuc., etc.
7. to honour, pay honour to, Soph., Eur., etc.
8. in Pass. to be assigned or ascribed to, ἐς τὸν Αἰγύπτιον νόμον αὗται [αἱ πόλεις] ἐκεκοςμέατο Hdt.
1. one who marshals an army, a commander, Hom.
1. to bear a grudge against, c. gen., ἀπάτης κοτέων angry at the trick, Il.: absol. to be angry, Hom.
1. wrathful, jealous, Il.
1. that can be drawn in cups, i. e. flowing copiously, streaming, Il.
1. a cup, Hom.
2. the cup or socket of a joint, esp. of the hip-joint, Il.
3. a liquid measure, containing 6 κύαθοι, i. e. nearly half a pint, Ar., Thuc.
1. a shearing or cropping of the hair, tonsure, Hdt., Eur.
2. a lock cut off, Aesch.
1. wedded, of the husband (κουρίδιος πόςις) or the wife (κουριδίη ἄλοχος), Hom.: esp. a lawful, wedded wife, as opp. to a concubine, id=Hom., Hdt.:—hence, λέχος κουρίδιον our lawful marriage, bed, Il.; κ. δῶμα a husband's house.
2. later, nuptial, bridal, Ar., Anth.
1. younger, more youthful, Hom.; used much like a positive.
1. young men, esp. young warriors, Il.
2. Κουρῆτες, οἱ, the Curetes oldest inhabitants of Pleuron in Aetolia, Il.
1. hollow, hollowed, epith. of ships, which in early times were hollowed out of trees, Hom.; later, κοίλη ναῦς was the hold of the ship, Hdt., Xen.; so, ἡ κοίλη alone, Theocr.:—of the Trojan horse, κ. λόχος, κ. δόρυ Od.; κ. κάπετος, of a grave, Il.; κ. δέμνια, of the bed when no one is in it, Soph.
2. of Places, lying in a hollow or forming a hollow, κοίλη Λακεδαίμων the vale of L., Od.; κ. Θεςςαλία Hdt.; κ. Ἄργος Soph.; τὰ Κοῖλα τῆς Εὐβοίας Hdt.; ἡ Κοιλή the valley of the Ilissus, id=Hdt.:— κ. λιμήν of a harbour lying between high cliffs, Od.; κ. αἰγιαλός an embayed beach, id=Od.:— κ. ὁδός a hollow way, Il.:— κ. ποταμός a river nearly empty of water, Thuc. (so Virgil, cava flumina): metaph. of the voice, hollow, μυκάςατο κοῖλον Theocr.; φθέγγεςθαι κοῖλον Luc.
3. as Subst. κοῖλον, ου, τό, a hollow, cavity, ravine, Plat.; like κοιλία, of the cavities in the body, τὰ κ. γαςτρός Eur.; also, ἐν τῷ κοίλῳ καὶ μυχῷ τοῦ λιμένος Thuc.
1. light, nimble, Trag.; used by Hom. only in neut. pl. as. adv. kou=fa probiba/s stepping lightly on, Il.:—metaph., κουφότεραι φρένες too buoyant, Pind.
2. metaph. also light, easy, Aesch., Xen.
3. empty, unsubstantial, vain, Soph., Thuc.
4. light in point of weight, opp. to βαρύς, Plat., etc.; κούφα ςοι χθὼν ἐπάνωθε πέςοι may earth lie lightly on thee, sit tibi terra levis, Eur.; of soldiers, ὡπλιςμένοι κουφοτέροις ὅπλοις Xen.
5. adv. -fws, lightly, nimbly, Aesch.; κ. ἐςκευαςμένοι, of soldiers, Thuc., Xen.
6. metaph. lightly, with light heart, κουφότερόν μετεφώνεε Od.; κούφως φέρειν to bear lightly, Eur.; ὡς κουφότατα φέρειν Hdt.
7. lightly, with ease, Aesch.
1. the cornel-tree, dog-wood, Lat. cornus, its wood was used for shafts and bows, Hom.
1. the head, Hom., Trag.; ἐπὶ κρατὸς λιμένος at the head or far end of the bay, Od.
2. an old gen. κρῆθεν is used in the phrase κατὰ κρῆθεν, down from the head, from the top, id=Od., Hes.: hence, like penitus, from head to foot, entirely, Τρῶας κατὰ κρῆθεν λάβε πένθος Il.
1. strongest, mightiest, Il., etc.; Λημνίων τὸ κρ. the best of their men, Thuc.:—of things, καρτίςτη μάχη the fiercest fight, Il.
2. generally, best, most excellent, as Sup. of ἀγαθός, Pind., Soph., etc.
3. οἱ κράτιςτοι, like οἱ βέλτιςτοι, of the aristocracy, Xen.
4. neut. pl. κράτιςτα as adv., best, id=Xen. —The comp. in use is κρείςςων, q. v.
1. strength, might, Hom., attic; κατὰ κράτος with all one's might or strength, by open force, by storm, Thuc., Xen., etc.
2. personified, Strength, Might, Aesch.
3. generally, might, power, Hom.: rule, sway, sovereignty, Hdt., attic
4. c. gen. power over, Hdt., attic; in pl., ἀςτραπᾶν κράτη νέμων Soph.
5. of persons, a power, an authority, Aesch.
6. mastery, victory, Hom., attic; κρ. ἀριςτείας the meed of highest valour, Soph.
1. flesh, meat, a piece of meat, Od., etc.; τρία κρέα ἢ καὶ πλέα Xen.; also in collective sense, dressed meat, meat, flesh, Hom., etc.
2. a body, person, ὦ δεξιώτατον κρέας Ar.
1. good, agreeable, Il.: of persons, good, serviceable, Plat.
2. true, real, εἴπατέ μοι τὸ κρήγυον, Theocr.: adv. in good earnest, Anth.
1. a veil or mantilla with lappets, passing over the head and hanging down on each side, Hom.
2. metaph. in pl. the battlements which crown a city's walls, id=Hom., Eur.
3. the cover of a wine-jar, Od.
1. a well, spring, fountain, Lat. fons, Hom., etc.; opp. to φρέαρ (a tank), Hdt., Thuc.: —Poets use it in pl. for water, Soph.
1. to creak, Lat. stridere, Il.
2. of persons, to screech, Ar.
1. a ring on a horse's breast-band, to fasten it to the peg (ἕςτωρ) at the end of the carriage-pole, Il.
2. an eyelet-hole in sails, through which the reefing-ropes were drawn, Hdt.
1. Lat. cerno, to separate, part, put asunder, distinguish, Il., Xen.
2. to pick out, choose, Hom., Hdt., attic:—Mid. to pick out for oneself, choose, Hom., etc.: —Pass. to be chosen, Il.; perf. and aor1 part. κεκριμένος, κρινθείς picked out, chosen, Hom.
3. to decide disputes, id=Hom., Hdt., etc.; ςκολιὰς κρίνειν θέμιςτας to judge crooked judgments, i. e. to judge unjustly, Il.; κρίνουςι βόηι καὶ οὐ ψήφωι they decide the question by shouting, not by voting, Thuc.; to decide a contest for a prize, Soph., etc.; κρ. τὰς θεάς to decide their contest, i. e. judge them, Eur.:—Pass. and Mid., of persons, to have a contest decided, come to issue, Hom., etc.
4. to adjudge, κράτος τινί Soph.
5. to judge of, estimate, πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κρίνων [αὐτόν] judging of him by myself, Dem.:—Pass., ἴςον παρ̆ ἐμοὶ κέκριται Hdt.
6. to expound, interpret dreams, id=Hdt., Aesch., etc.: so in Mid., Il.
7. c. acc. et inf. to decide or judge that, Hdt., attic
8. c. inf. only, to determine to do a thing, NTest.
9. to question, Soph.
10. to bring to trial, accuse, Xen., etc.:—Pass. to be brought to trial, Thuc., etc.
11. to pass sentence upon, to condemn, Soph., Dem.
1. to accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass, Hom., Trag.:—Pass., with fut. mid., to be accomplished or brought to pass, Il., Eur.; v. e)pikrai/nw.
2. to finish the tale of . . , c. acc., Hhymn.
3. absol. to exercise sway, to reign, c. acc. cogn. κρ. ςκῆπτρα to sway the staff of rule, Soph.
4. c. gen. to reign over, govern, τοῦ ςτρατοῦ, τῆς χώρας id=Soph.
5. intr. to fulfil one's course, Aesch.
1. to shake, brandish, only in part., κραδάων δολιχόςκιον ἔγχος Hom.
1. to swing, wave, brandish, Eur., Ar.: to shake, agitate, Aesch.:—Pass., αἰχμὴ κραδαινομένη κατὰ γαίης quivering in the ground, Il.
2. metaph. to agitate, Plut.
1. rapid, rushing, of strong winds, Hom.; of swift feet, id=Hom.:—metaph. hasty, rash, Il.
2. adv., quickly, hastily, Hom.; also neut. pl. as adv., id=Hom.
1. the upper part of the head, the skull, Il., Pind., Eur.
1. rocky, rugged, of Ithaca, Hom.; of Athens, Pind.; hence Athens was called Κραναὰ πόλις or αἱ Κρανααί id=Pind.; Κραναοί the people of Attica, Hdt.; and Κραναός a mythical king of Athens, Aesch.
1. to be strong, mighty, powerful: hence,
2. absol. to rule, hold sway, be sovereign, Hom., Trag.; ἡ κρατοῦςα the lady of the house, Aesch.
3. c. dat. to rule among, κρατέεις νεκύεςςιν Od.
4. c. gen. to be lord or master of, ruler over, πάντων Hom.; δωμάτων Aesch., etc.
5. to conquer, prevail, get the upper hand, Hdt., attic; κρ. γνώμηι to prevail in opinion, Hdt.; τῆι μάχηι Eur., etc.;—also c. acc. cogn., κρ. τὸν ἀγῶνα Dem.:— οἱ κρατοῦντες the conquerors, Xen.:—of reports, etc., to prevail, become current, Soph., Thuc.
6. impers., κατθανεῖν κρατεῖ 'tis better to die, Aesch.; κρατεῖ ἀπολέςθαι Eur.
7. c. gen. to prevail over, Aesch.; ὁ λόγος τοῦ ἔργου ἐκράτει surpassed, went beyond it, Thuc.
8. c. acc. to conquer, master, outdo, surpass, Pind., attic:—Pass. to be conquered, Hdt., attic
9. to become master of, get possession of τῆς ἀρχῆς Hdt.; τῆς γῆς Thuc.
10. to lay hold of, τῆς χειρός NTest.
11. c. acc. rei, to seize, hold fast, θρόνους Soph., Xen.
12. to control, command, Aesch.
1. a mixing vessel, esp. a large bowl, in which the wine was mixed with water, and from which the cups were filled, Hom., etc.; οἶνον δ̆ ἐκ κρητῆρος ἀφυςςάμενοι δεπάεςςιν ἔκχεον Il.; πίνοντες κρητῆρας drinking bowls of wine, id=Il.; κρητῆρα ςτήςαςθαι ἐλεύθερον to give a bowl of wine to be drunk in honour of the deliverance, id=Il.; ἐπιςτέψαςθαι ποτοῖο, v. e)piste/fw.
2. metaph., κρατῆρα πλήςας κακῶν having filled a bowl full of woes, Aesch.
3. any cup-shaped hollow, a basin in a rock, Soph., Plat.
1. with strong plates, Il.
1. strong, mighty, resistless, Hom., Trag.
1. strong, stout, mighty, Hom.
2. of things, conditions, etc., strong, mighty, cruel, id=Hom., Hes.
3. of passions, strong, vehement, mighty, Hom.; κρ. μῦθος a harsh, rough speech, id=Hom.
4. adv. -rw=s, strongly, stoutly, roughly, id=Hom.
1. stout-hearted, dauntless, Hom., Hes.
1. strong-hoofed, solid-hoofed, Hom.:— strong-clawed, of wolves, Od.
1. the forked stand or frame on which a spit turns, Il.
1. to strengthen, Hdt., Thuc.:—Mid., ἐκαρτύναντο φάλαγγας they strengthened their ranks, Il., so in Thuc.:—Pass. to wax strong, Hdt.
2. to harden, τοὺς πόδας Xen.
3. = krate/w, to rule, govern, c. gen., Soph., Eur.; also c. acc., Aesch.; absol., id=Aesch., Soph., etc.
4. to become master, get possession of, c. gen., Soph.:— c. acc., βαςιληίδα τιμὰν κρ. to hold, exercise, Eur.
5. καρτύνειν βέλεα to ply or throw them stoutly, Pind.
1. strong, mighty, Hom.
1. stronger, mightier, more powerful, Il., etc.
2. in sense often as comp. of ἀγαθός, better, οἱ κρέςςονες one's betters, Pind.; so, τὰ κρείςςω Eur.: —τὰ κρείςςονα one's advantages, Thuc.
3. c. inf., οὔτις κρείςςων δόμεναι no one has a better right to give, Od.: —κρεῖςςόν ἐςτι, c. inf., 'tis better to . . , κρεῖςςόν ἐςτι θανεῖν ἢ πάςχειν κακῶς Aesch.:—also κρείςςων εἰμί, c. part., κρείςςων ἦςθα μηκέτ̆ ὢν ἢ ζῶν τυφλός thou wert better not alive, than living blind, Soph.
4. too great for, ὕψος κρεῖςςον ἐκπηδήματος too great for leaping out of, Aesch.; κρείςςον̆ ἀγχόνης too bad for hanging, Soph.; ἐλπίδος κρ. worse than one expected, Thuc.
5. having power over, master of, γαςτρός Xen.; κρ. χρημάτων superior to bribes, Thuc.
6. in attic Prose in moral sense, better, more excellent, Ar.
1. a ruler, lord, master, Hom.; ὕπατε κρειόντων, of Zeus, Il.; as a general title of honour, Od.:—fem. κρείουςα, lady, mistress, Il., Hes.:—after Hom. in the form κρέων, Pind.
1. to hang, hang up, Il.; κρεμόω ποτὶ ναόν will bring them to the temple and hang them up there, Il.; κρ. τινά τινος to hang one up by a thing, Ar.; κρεμάςας τὰ νόημα, in allusion to Socrates in his basket, id=Ar.; —κρεμάςαι τὴν ἀςπίδα to hang up one's shield, i. e. have done with war, id=Ar.:—so in Mid., πηδάλιον κρεμάςαςθαι to hang up one's rudder, i. e. give up the sea, Hes.
2. Pass. to be hung up, suspended, ὅτε τ̆ ἐκρέμω(2 imperf.) when thou wert hanging, Il.: to be hung up as a votive offering, Pind., Hdt.; εἴπερ ἐκ ποδῶν κρέμαιτο Ar.:—metaph., μῶμος κρέματαί τινι censure hangs over him, Pind.; ὁ ἐκ τοῦ ςώματος κρεμάμενος depending on the body, Xen.
3. to be hung, of persons, Eur.
4. metaph. to be in suspense, Arist.
1. a meat-tray, dresser, Il.
1. barley-corns, barley (cf. κρῖ), the meal being ἄλφιτα, Hom., Ar., etc.; οἶνος ἐκ κριθέων πεποιημένος a kind of beer (cf. κρίθινος), Hdt.
1. picked out, chosen, Hom.
2. choice, excellent, Pind., Soph.
1. of a horse, to stamp, strike with the hoof, Il.
1. with yellow veil, Il., Hes.
1. to make to rattle, of horses, ὄχεα κροτέοντες rattling them along, Il.
2. to knock, strike, smite, Hdt., Eur.; κροτεῖν τὰς χεῖρας or τὼ χεῖρε to clap the hands, Hdt., Xen.: absol. to clap, applaud, Xen., etc.
3. of a smith, to hammer or weld together, Plat.:—Pass. to be wrought by the hammer; metaph., ἐξ ἀπάτας κεκροταμένος one mass of trickery, Theocr.
4. intr. to make a rattling noise, Arist., Luc.
1. to use rattles or castanets, Hdt.:—generally, ἵπποι ὄχεα κροτάλιζον were rattling them along, Il.
1. a spring, well-head, whence the streams (πηγαί) issue, Il., Soph.; so, κρουνοὶ hφαίςτου streams of lava from Etna, Pind.: metaph. a torrent of words, Ar.
1. icy, chilling, in Hom. only metaph., κρυεροῖο γόοιο, κρυεροῖο φόβοιο; so κρυερὰ πάθεα Ar.
2. icy-cold, id=Ar.
1. secret, clandestine, Il., Aesch.: neut. pl. as adv., Il.
1. hidden, secret, Il., Hdt., etc.; κρυπτὴ τάφρος a trench covered and concealed by planks and earth, Hdt.; τὸ κρ. τῆς πολιτείας the secret character of [the Spartan] institutions, Thuc.
1. chilling, Il., Hes.
2. icy-cold, Anth.
1. the crocus, Il., Soph.
2. saffron (which is made from its stigmas), Aesch., etc.
1. an onion, Hom.:—later κρόμμυον, Hdt., Ar.
1. battlements on walls, Il.; of the steps by which the Pyramids rose to a point, Hdt.
1. the side of the forehead (v. ko/rsh), in pl. the temples, Lat. tempora, Il., etc.
2. of a mountain, its side, Aesch., Anth.
1. without the knowledge of, κρύβδα Διός, Lat. clam Jove, Il.
2. absol., like κρύβδην, secretly, Pind.
1. to hide, cover, cloak, Hom., attic:—Mid., κάρα κρυψάμενος having cloaked his head, Soph., etc.:—Pass. to hide oneself, lie hidden, of setting stars, Hes., Eur.
2. to cover in the earth, bury, Hes., Hdt., attic
3. to hide, conceal, keep secret, Od., Soph.: —Pass., perf. part. κεκρυμμένος secret, Od., Soph.
4. c. dupl. acc. to conceal something from one, μή με κρύψηις τοῦτο Aesch., etc.
5. intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν) to hide oneself, lie hidden, Soph.
1. clear ice, ice, Lat. glacies, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. crystal, rock-crystal, Anth.
1. barley, Hom.
1. in pres., imperf., fut. and aor1:
2. to procure for oneself, to get, gain, acquire, Hom.; κτήςαςθαι βίον ἀπό τινος to get one's living from a thing, Hdt.; κ. χάριν to win favour, Soph.; κ. φίλους, ἑταίρους id=Soph.
3. of evils, to bring upon oneself, incur, id=Soph., Eur., etc.: —κ. τινὰ πολέμιον to make him so, Xen.
4. to procure or get for another, ἐμοὶ ἐκτήςατο κεῖνος Od.
5. in perf. and plup. with fut. κεκτήςομαι, to have acquired, i. e. to possess, have, hold, Il., Hdt., etc.; κεκτ. τινὰ ςύμμαχον Eur.; of evils, κεκτ. κακά Soph., Eur.; ὁ κεκτημένος an owner, master, as a Subst., ὁ ἐμοῦ κ. Soph.; of a woman's lord and master, Eur.
6. aor1 pass. ἐκτήθην in pass. sense, to be gotten, id=Eur., Thuc.
1. = kth=ma, Pind.
2. mostly in pl. κτέανα, possessions, property, Hes., Aesch., etc.
1. a possession, Il.
1. funeral gifts, burnt with the dead, funeral honours, Hom.
1. of a marten-cat, κτιδέη κυνέη a marten-skin helmet, Il.
1. to people a country, build houses and cities in it, colonise, Il., Hdt., etc.
2. of a city, to found, plant, build, Od., Hdt., etc.:—Pass. to be founded, Σμύρνην τὴν ἀπὸ Κολοφῶνος κτιςθεῖςαν founded by emigrants from Colophon, Hdt.
3. κτ. ἄλςος to plant a grove, Pind.; κτ. βωμόν to set up an altar, id=Pind.; τὸν Κύρνον κτίςαι to establish his worship, Hdt.
4. to create, bring into being, bring about, Aesch.; τὸν χαλινὸν κτίςας having invented it, Soph.
5. to make so and so, ἐλεύθερον κτ. τινά Aesch., etc.
6. to perpetrate a deed, Soph.
1. tame, docile, gentle, Pind.
2. as Subst., κτίλος, ὁ, a ram, Il.
1. to kill, slay, Hom., etc.; of animals, to slaughter, id=Hom.; Οὖτις με κτείνει δόλωι seeks to kill me (the force of the pres. tense), Od.; ὁ κτανών the slayer, murderer, Aesch.; οἱ κτανόντες id=Aesch.:— to put to death by law, Thuc., Plat.—In attic θνήςκω or ἀποθνήςκω is used for the Pass.
1. to get, gain, win, Hom.:—Mid., with perf. pass., to get for oneself, acquire, Hhymn., Theocr.
1. = kterei/+zw 1, Il., Soph.
2. c. acc. cogn., κτέρεα κτ., like κτερεί̈ζω 2, Hom.
1. c. acc. pers. to bury with due honours, Il.
2. c. acc. cogn., κτέρεα κτερεί̈ξαι to pay funeral honours, Od.
1. that may be gotten, Il., Eur.
2. worth getting, desirable, Plat.
3. acquired: κτητή a female slave, Hes.
1. to crash, of trees falling, Il.; of thunder, Hom., Soph.
2. to ring, resound, echo, Il., etc.
3. Causal, to make to ring or resound, χθόνα; c. dupl. acc., κτύπηςε κρᾶτα πλαγάν made the head ring with a blow, Eur.: —hence again in Pass. to ring, resound, Ar.
1. any loud noise, a crash of thunder, Il., Aesch.; of the trampling of feet, Hom.; of a storm, Aesch.; battle- din, clash of arms, id=Aesch.
1. anything gotten, a piece of property, a possession, Od., attic:—of a slave, παλαιὸν οἴκων κτ. Eur.
2. in pl. possessions, property, wealth, Hom.; ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμαςι πίπτεις who fallest on wealth, i. e. on the wealthy, Soph.
1. acquisition, Thuc., Plat.; κατ̆ ἔργου κτῆςιν according to success in the work, Soph.
2. (from perf.) possession, id=Soph., Thuc., etc.
3. as collective, = kth/mata, possessions, property, Hom.; in pl., Hdt., Plat., etc.
1. properly, dark-blue, glossy-blue, of a serpent's iridescent hues, Il., Hes.; of the swallow, Simon.; of the deep sea, Eur.
2. generally, dark, black, of the mourning veil of Thetis, Il.; of clouds, Hom.; of hair, Il.; κυανέη κάπετος a deep dark trench, id=Il.; κυάνεαι φάλαγγες dark masses of warriors, id=Il., etc.
1. like κύω, to bear in the womb, to be pregnant with a child, Lat. gestare, Il., Plat.
2. absol. to be pregnant, be with child, Hdt.
1. dark-haired, of Poseidon, perh. in reference to the dark blue of the sea, Hom.; of a horse, dark-maned, Il., Hes.:—epic nom. κυανοχαῖτα (like ἱππότα for ἱππότης), Il.; so in voc., Hhymn.
1. with feet of κύανος, Il.
1. with dark-blue prow, dark-prowed, of ships, Hom.
1. a steersman, helmsman, pilot, Lat. gubernator, Hom., etc.: ionic acc. κυβερνήτεα Hdt.
2. metaph. a guide, governor, Eur., Plat.
1. to tumble head foremost, tumble, Il., Xen., etc.
1. a tumbler, Hom.
2. a diver, Il. 3. one who pitches headlong, Eur.
1. glorious, renowned, famous, Hom.
1. to hold in honour, Il.
2. to vaunt, boast, id=Il.
1. to give or do honour to, glorify, Hom.
2. to gladden by marks of honour, id=Hom.
3. in bad sense, to flatter, fawn upon, Hes.
1. glorifying or ennobling men, bringing them glory or renown, Il.
2. pass. famous for men, Anth.
1. to bear oneself proudly, go proudly along, exult, Il.
1. to make an uproar, spread alarm, Il.
2. trans. to drive in confusion, id=Il.
1. the din of battle, uproar, hubbub, Il., Ar.
1. glorious, illustrious, noble, Hom., Hes.; of a horse, proud, stately, Xen. (For the irreg. comp. and Sup., v. ku/distos.）
1. to stir up and mix, beat up, Hom., Ar.: Mid. in Act. sense, Ar.
2. like ταράςςω, to stir up, to throw into confusion or disorder, confound, Aesch., Ar., Plat., etc.:—Pass. to be confounded, panic-stricken, Il.; of waves, Hom.; ὑπ̆ ἀνδρὸς τοξότου κυκώμενος hustled by him, Ar.
1. mixed drink, a potion, tankard, made of barley-meal, grated cheese and wine, Hom.
2. metaph. of any mixture, medley, Luc.
1. to move round and round, wheel along, c. acc., Il.
2. to move round or in a circle, Soph.; βάςιν κυκλεῖν, metaph. from dogs questing about for the scent, id=Soph.; κ. πρόςωπον to turn the face round, look round, Eur.
3. Mid. and Pass. to form a circle round, to surround, encompass, encircle, Hdt., Soph.
4. to go round and round, revolve, Plat.
1. made round by turning (as in a lathe), Hdt.: then, generally, round, circular, Hom., etc.; κυκλοτερὲς τόξον ἔτεινεν stretched it into a circle, Il.
1. in or into a circle or round, Il.
1. to roll, roll along or down, Od., Soph., etc.: metaph., πῆμα θεὸς Δαναοῖςι κυλίνδει rolls down calamity upon one, Il.
2. to roll away, Anth.
3. Pass. to be rolled, roll along, roll, Hom.: to toss about like a ship at sea, Pind.: to be whirled round on a wheel, of Ixion, id=Pind.
4. of persons, κυλίνδεςθαι κατὰ κόπρον to roll or wallow in the dirt (in sign of grief), Hom.: to roam to and fro, wander about, Xen.
5. of Time, to roll by, Pind.
6. of words, to be tost from man to man, i. e. be much talked of, Lat. jactari, Ar.
1. to rise in waves or billows, to swell, Hom., Plat.
2. metaph. of passion, to swell, seethe, Pind., Aesch.
3. trans. to agitate, Luc., Anth.:—Pass., Plut.
1. wave-swift, a Nereid, Il., Hes.
1. dog-fly, i. e. shameless fly, abusive epithet of impudent women, Il.
1. a dog's skin: then, a leathern cap, not necessarily of dog's skin, for we find κ. ταυρείη, κτιδέη, etc., Hom.
1. to kiss, Hom., Eur., etc.
2. = proskune/w, Eur.
1. the dog-eyed, i. e. shameless one, Il.:—so fem.κυ^νῶπις, ιδος, Hom.
1. a cypress, Od., Hdt., etc.
1. followed by a case, to hit, light upon:
2. c. dat. to light upon, meet with, fall in with, strike against, Il., Hes.:—of things, κυρεῖν τινι to befall or be granted to him, Soph., Eur.
3. c. gen. to hit the mark, like τυγχάνω, Aesch.:— to reach to or as far as, Hhymn.: to meet with, find, Aesch., Soph.
4. to attain to, be master of, obtain, Lat. potiri, Hdt., Trag.
5. c. acc., like Lat. potiri, to obtain, reach, find, Aesch., Eur.
6. without a case, to happen, come to pass, Trag.
7. to be right, hit the exact truth, Soph.
8. as auxil. Verb, like τυγχάνω with partic., to turn out, prove to be so and so, ςεςωςμένος κυρεῖ Aesch.; ζῶν κυρεῖ Soph.; ἐχθρὸς ὢν κυρεῖ Eur.; with partic. omitted, it acts merely as the copula, to be, Trag.
1. curved, arched, of a wave breaking, Il.; ὤμω κυρτώ round, humped, id=Il.; κ. τροχός Eur.
1. a shrieking, wailing, Il., Trag.
2. Κωκυ_τός, οῦ, ὁ, Cocytus, river of wailing (cf. Ἀχέρων), one of the rivers of hell, Od., etc.
1. to shriek, cry, wail, mostly of women, Hom.
2. to wail over one dead, Od., Aesch., Soph.
1. hilted, Il.
1. radical sense, blunt, dull, obtuse, κωφὸν βέλος the blunt, dull shaft, opp. to ὀξύ, Il.
2. metaph.:
3. dumb, mute, κύματι κωφῷ with dumb wave, before it breaks, id=Il.; κωφὴν γαῖαν ἀεικίζει dishonours the dumb, senseless earth, id=Il.; τὰ μὲν ἄλλα ἔςκε κωφά the other parts of the ground sounded dull, opp. to the ringing of the hollow parts, Hdt.; ὁ κ. λιμήν, prob. the bay of Munychia, as opp. to the noisy Peiraeus, Xen.
4. after Hom., of men, dumb, Orac. ap. Hdt.: deaf and dumb, id=Hdt.
5. deaf, Lat. surdus, Hhymn., Aesch., etc.
6. of the mind, dull, stupid, Lat. fatuus, Soph.; also senseless, unmeaning, κ. καὶ παλαί̆ ἔπη id=Soph.
1. docked, curtal, Lat. curtus, Il.;of oxen, stump-horned or hornless, Hdt.; so, ὦ κόλε, addressed to a he-goat, Theocr.
1. Lat. sinus:
2. the bosom, Il.
3. the womb, Eur.
4. the fold formed by a loose garment, as it fell over the girdle, Il.:—this fold sometimes served for a pocket, Od., Hdt.; κόλπον ἀνιεμένη letting down her robe so as to form a fold, i. e. baring her breast, Il.; κόλπῳ πεπλώματος under the deep-folded robe, Aesch.; ἐπὶ ςφυρὰ κόλπον ἀνεῖςαι having let their folded robes fall down to their ankles, Theocr.
5. any hollow, as
6. of the sea, first, in a half-literal sense, Θέτις ὑπεδέξατο κόλπῳ received him in her bosom, Il.; then, of the deep hollow between waves, Hom.
7. a bay or gulf of the sea, Il., Aesch.
8. a vale, κ. Ἀργεῖος Pind.; Ἐλευςινίας Δηοῦς ἐν κόλποις Soph.
1. the hair, hair of the head, Lat. coma, Hom., etc.; also in pl., id=Hom.: —κόμην τρέφειν to let the hair grow long, Hdt.; κόμην κείρεςθαι to shave off the hair, in mourning, Od., etc.; κόμαι πρόςθετοι false hair, a wig, Xen.
2. metaph. the foliage, leaves of trees, Od.
1. a noise, din, clash, as of a boar's tusks when he whets them, Il.; the stamping of dancers' feet, Od.
2. metaph. a boast, vaunt, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
3. rarely in good sense, praise, Pind.
1. Lat. cinis, dust, Il., etc.;—of the grave, Pind., Soph.
2. ashes, Hom.
3. = koni/a II, Luc.: metaph. of toil, id=Luc.
1. dung, ordure, manure, Hom., Hdt., etc.
2. a farm-yard, home-stead, Hom.
1. to strike, smite, knock down, Od.; κόψε μιν παρήιον smote him on the cheek Il.
2. to cut off, chop off, Hom., etc.; κ. δένδρα to fell trees, Thuc., etc.; κ. τὴν χώραν to cut down the trees in it, to lay it waste, Xen.:—Pass., of ships, to be shattered or disabled by the enemy, Thuc.:—metaph., φρενῶν κεκομμένος stricken in mind, Aesch.
3. to hammer, forge, Hom.: to stamp metal, coin money, Hdt.:— Mid. to coin oneself money, order to be coined, id=Hdt.: Pass., of the money, to be stamped or coined, Ar.
4. to knock at the door, Lat. pulsare, id=Ar., etc.
5. to cut small, chop up or pound in a mortar, Hdt.
6. of a horse, to jolt or shake his rider, Xen.
7. metaph. to tire out, weary, Dem.
8. Mid. κόπτομαι, to beat one's breast through grief, Lat. plangere, Il., Hdt., Plat.
9. κόπτεςθαί τινα to mourn for any one, Lat. plangere aliquem, Eur., etc.
1. fem. of κόρος, κοῦρος
2. a maiden, maid, damsel, Lat. puella, Il., Soph., etc.
3. a bride, young wife, Hom., Eur.
4. a daughter, κοῦραι Διός Il.; κ. Διός, of Athene, Aesch.:—in voc., κούρα my daughter, id=Aesch., Soph.
5. the pupil of the eye, Lat. pupula, because a little image appears therein, Eur., Ar.
6. a long sleeve reaching over the hand, Xen.
7. Κόρη, doric Κόρα, ionic Κούρη, ἡ, Cora, the Daughter (of Demeter), name under which Persephone (Proserpine) was worshipped in Attica, τῇ Μητρὶ καὶ τῇ Κούρῃ Hdt., etc.; Δημήτηρ καὶ Κόρη Xen., etc.
1. a boy, lad, stripling, Hom., etc.: κοῦροι young men, warriors, Il.; also servants, like Lat. pueri, Hom.
2. with gen. of prop. names, a son, Od.; Θηςέως κ. Soph., etc.
1. one of the temples, the side of the forehead, Il.;—so in attic, ἐπὶ κόρρης πατάςςειν to box on the ear, Dem.; cf. κόνδυλος.
2. the hair on the temples, which is the first to turn gray, Aesch.
1. the uppermost point, head, end, νηῶν ἄκρα κόρυμβα high-pointed sterns of ships, Il.; in pl. of a single ship, Aesch.
2. the top of a hill, Hdt., Aesch.
3. = krwbu/los, Anth.
4. a cluster of fruit or flowers, Mosch., Anth.
1. a helmet, helm, casque, Hom.
2. the head, Eur.
1. order, κόςμῳ and κατὰ κόςμον in order, duly, Il., etc.; μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόςμον id=Il.; οὐδενὶ κόςμῳ in no sort of order, Hdt., attic
2. good order, good behaviour, decency, Aesch., Dem.
3. the form, fashion of a thing, Od., Hdt.
4. of states, order, government, Hdt., Thuc.
5. an ornament, decoration, embellishment, dress, Il., etc.; esp. of women, Lat. mundus muliebris, id=Il., Hes., etc.:—in pl. ornaments, Aesch., etc.
6. metaph. honour, credit, Hdt., Soph., etc.
7. a regulator, title of the chief magistrate in Crete, Arist.
8. the world or universe, from its perfect order, Lat. mundus, Plat., etc.
9. mankind, as we use "the world," NTest.
1. a grudge, rancour, wrath, Hom., Aesch.
1. a bean, Lat. faba, Il.
2. the lot by which public officers were elected at Athens (because those who drew white beans were chosen), ὁ τῷ κυάμῳ λαχών an officer chosen by lot, Hdt.; βουλὴ ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ κυάμου Thuc.; ἄρχοντας ἀπὸ κυάμου καθιςτάναι Xen.
1. cyanus, a dark-blue substance, used in the Heroic Age to adorn works in metal, perh. blue steel, Hom.
2. as fem. the blue corn-flower, Anth.
3. as adj. = kua/neos, with comp. and Sup. κυανώτερος, -ώτατος, Anacreont.
1. most glorious, most honoured, noblest, Hom.
2. comp.
1. a ring, circle, round, Hom.; ἀςπίδος κύκλος the round shield, Aesch.
2. Adverbial usages, κύκλῳ in a circle or ring, round about, Od., Hdt., attic; c. gen., κ. τοῦ ςτρατοπέδου Xen., etc.
3. any circular body:
4. a wheel, Il.
5. a place of assembly, the ἀγορά, id=Il., attic:—then, like Lat. corona, a ring or circle of people, Soph., Xen.
6. the vault of the sky, Hdt., Soph., etc.
7. the orb or disk of the sun and moon, Hdt., Trag.
8. the wall round a city, esp. round Athens, Hdt., Thuc., etc.
9. a round shield, v. supr. 1. 1.
10. in pl. the eye-balls, eyes, Soph.:—rarely in sg., the eye, id=Soph.
11. any circular motion, an orbit of the heavenly bodies, revolution of the seasons, cycle of events, Hdt., Eur.
12. a circular dance, Ar.
1. a swan, Il., etc.:—metaph., from the legends of the swan's dying song (Aesch., Plat.), a minstrel, Anth.
1. head-foremost, Lat. pronus, Il.
2. as Subst. the crown of a helmet, id=Il.
1. a bird, perh. the night-jar, Il.
1. metaph. shameless, unabashed, Il., Hes.
1. more dog-like, i. e. more shameless, more audacious, Hom.; more horrible, κύντερον ἄλλο ποτ̆ ἔτλης Od.
2. Sup. κύντατος, η, ον most audacious, Il., Hhymn.
1. a sweet-smelling marsh-plant, perh. galingale, used to feed horses, Hom.
1. a big-bellied drinking vessel, a beaker, goblet, cup, Hom.
1. to bend forward, stoop down, Hom., Hdt., etc.; θέει κύψας runs with the head down, i. e. at full speed, Ar.; κύψας ἐςθίει eats stooping, i. e. greedily, id=Ar.; κέρεα κεκυφότα ἐς τὸ ἔμπροςθεν horns bent forward, of certain African oxen, Hdt.
2. to hang the head from shame, Ar.
3. to bow down under a burden, Dem.
1. that which one meets with or finds, i. e. booty, prey, spoil, Hom.
2. of a person, one who gets booty, a swindler, Ar.
1. the bladder, Il., Ar.
1. a dog or bitch, Hom., etc.; most commonly of hounds, id=Hom., etc.; the Laconian breed was famous, Soph.;— νή or μὰ τὸν κύνα was the favourite oath of Socrates, Plat.: cf. τραπεζεύς.
2. as a word of reproach, to denote shamelessness or audacity in women, rashness, recklessness in men, Hom.
3. at Athens a nickname of the Cynics, Arist., Anth.
4. the Trag. apply the term to the ministers of the gods; the eagle is Διὸς πτηνὸς κύων Aesch.; the griffins Ζηνὸς ἀκραγεῖς κύνες id=Aesch.; the Bacchantes Λύςςης κ. Eur., etc.
5. a sea-dog, mentioned as a fish in Od.
6. the dog-star, i. e. the dog of Orion, placed among the stars with its master, Il.
1. the head, Il.
1. the hollow of the knees, Lat. poples, Il.
1. any handle:
2. the handle of an oar, and generally an oar, Od., Pind., attic; νερτέρᾳ προςήμενος κώπῃ, ͂ θαλαμίτης, metaph. of a man of low rank, Aesch.; παραπέμπειν ἐφ̆ ἕνδεκα κώπαις, a proverb of dub. origin, meaning "to escort with all the honours, " Ar.:—poet. to express ships, ςὺν κώπᾳ χιλιοναύτᾳ, of Agamemnon's fleet, Eur.
3. the handle of a sword, the haft, hilt, Lat. capulus, Hom., Soph.
4. the handle of a key, Od.
5. the haft of a torch, Eur.
1. care for others, c. gen., Od.
2. trouble, sorrow; mostly in pl. troubles, Hom.
3. esp. cares for the dead, mourning, id=Hom., Aesch., etc.; also in sg., κᾶδος φθιμένου Pind.; ἅμα κήδεϊ when there is a death in the family, Hdt.; ἐς τὸ κ. ἰέναι to attend the funeral, id=Hdt.
4. an object of care, a care, Aesch.
5. connexion by marriage, Lat. affinitas, Hdt., attic
1. a shaft, an arrow, Il., Hes.
1. a garden, orchard, plantation, Od.:—of any fertile region, Ἀφροδίτης κᾶπος, i. e. Cyrene, Pind.; Διὸς κ., i. e. Libya, id=Pind., etc.:— οἱ Ἀδώνιδος κῆποι, v. *)/adwnis 2.
1. the heart, Lat. cor, Hom.; dat. κῆρι as adv., with all the heart, heartily, id=Hom.:—in Trag. always κέαρ.
1. a herald, pursuivant, marshal, public messenger, Hom., etc. In Hom. they summon the assembly, separate combatants, have charge of sacrifices, act as envoys, and their persons were sacred. After Hom., Hermes is called the κῆρυξ of the gods, Hes., etc.
2. at Athens, a crier, who made proclamation in the public assemblies, Ar., etc.
1. any sea-monster or huge fish, Hom., Hdt.
2. an abyss, hollow, cf. κητώεις.
1. glory, renown, esp. in war, Il.: of a single person, κῦδος Ἀχαιῶν glory of the Achaians, like Lat. decus, Hom.
1. anything swollen (as if pregnant):—hence,
2. the swell of the sea, a wave, billow, Hom., etc.; collectively, ὡς τὸ κῦμα ἔςτρωτο when the swell abated, Hdt.
3. metaph. of a flood of men, Aesch.:—metaph., κ. ἄτης, κακῶν, ςυμφορᾶς id=Aesch., Eur.
4. the foetus in the womb, embryo, Aesch.; of the earth, id=Aesch.
1. a fleece, used as bedding, Hom., Hdt.
1. deep sleep, slumber, Lat. sopor, Hom., Hes.
1. Hom. of wind, rain, etc., furious, boisterous, Hdt.; λ. πῦρ, κύματα, πόντος, etc., Eur.
2. after Hom., of men, boisterous, turbulent, violent, Theogn., Soph., etc.
3. greedy, Pind., Eur.
4. adv. la/brws, violently, furiously, Theogn.
5. greedily, Aesch.
1. to take, seize, grasp, Il.; ὀδὰξ λαζοίατο γαῖαν may they bite the dust, id=Il.; metaph., πάλιν δ̆ ὅ γε λάζετο μῦθον he took back, i. e. altered his speech, Hom.
2. the form λάζυμαι occurs in Hhymn. and Eur.
1. secretly, covertly, by stealth, treacherously, Hom.; λάθρῃ γυῖα βαρύνεται imperceptibly, Il.; so in attic, Soph., etc.
2. c. gen. without the knowledge of, unknown to, λάθρῃ Λαομέδοντος Il.; λάθρῃ τῶν ςτρατηγῶν Hdt.; so in attic.
1. of stone or marble, Hom., etc.; λάϊνον ἕςςο χιτῶνα thou hadst put on a coat of stone, i. e. thou hadst been stoned to death, Il.
2. metaph. stony-hearted, Theocr.
1. to give light, shine, beam, be bright, brilliant, radiant, of the gleam of arms, Il.; of the eyes, id=Il.; of fire, Soph.:—Mid. or Pass., λαμπομένης κόρυθος Il., etc.
2. of sound, to be clear, ring loud and clear, Soph.
3. metaph. to shine forth, to be famous or conspicuous, Aesch., Eur., etc.
4. of persons, φαιδρὸς λάμποντι μετώπωι with beaming face, Ar.: to shine, gain glory, id=Ar.
5. trans. to make to shine, light up, Eur., Anth.
1. with the foot, Hom., Aesch.; λὰξ πατεῖςθαι to be trodden under foot, Aesch.
1. to lap with the tongue, of wolves, Il.
2. to drink greedily, suck in, Luc.
1. a coffer, box, chest, Il., Hdt.
2. a cinerary urn or coffin, Il., Thuc.
3. an ark, in which children were exposed, Simon.
1. hairy, rough, shaggy, woolly, Hom., Soph., etc.
2. shaggy with brushwood, bushy, Xen., Theocr.; τὰ λάςια bushes, Xen.
1. to ring, rattle, crash, λάκε χαλκός Il.; λάκε δ̆ ὀςτέα the bones cracked, broke with a crash, id=Il.
2. of animals, to shriek, scream, of the falcon, ὀξὺ λεληκώς id=Il.; of the nightingale in the falcon's talons, τί λέληκας; Hes.; also of dogs, to howl, bay, Od.
3. of men, to shout, scream, cry aloud, Aesch., Soph., etc.; τί λέλα_κας; Ar.; μή νυν λακήςηις id=Ar.:—hence of Oracles, to noise abroad, Aesch., etc.: also, to sing, πρὸς αὐλόν Eur.
4. c. acc. cogn. to shriek forth, utter aloud, Trag.
5. to crack or burst asunder, NTest.
1. soft hair, down, Lat. lanugo, of a young man's beard, Od., Pind.; of the thin hair on Thersites' head, Il.; of the nap or pile on cloth, id=Il.; of sheep's wool, Soph.
1. a kettle or caldron of copper, Hom., etc.
2. a basin in which the purifying water (χέρνιψ) was handed to the guests before meals, Od.; also a pan for washing the feet, id=Od.: a bath, Aesch.
3. a cymbal, Hdt.
4. a cinerary urn, Aesch., Soph.:—generally, a casket, Soph.
1. to gather, pick up, Lat. lego, colligo, Hom., Pind.; αἱμαςιὰς λέγων picking out stones for building walls, Od.:—Mid. to gather for oneself, Il.
2. Mid. to choose for oneself, pick out, Hom.:—Pass. to be chosen, Il.
3. to count, tell, reckon up, Od.; μετὰ τοῖςιν ἐλέγμην I reckoned myself among them, id=Od.; λέκτο δ̆ ἀριθμόν he told him over the number, id=Od.:—Pass., μετὰ τοῖςιν ἐλέχθην I was counted among these, Il.
4. so in attic, λ. ἐν ἐχθροῖς to count among one's enemies, count as a foe, Aesch.; λ. τινὰ οὐδαμοῦ to count him as naught, nullo in numero habere, Soph.
5. to recount, tell over, Od., Aesch., etc.:—Mid., τί ςὲ χρὴ ταῦτα λέγεςθαι; why need'st thou tell the tale thereof? Il.; μηκέτι ταῦτα λεγώμεθα id=Il.
1. to say, speak, Hdt., Trag., etc.; λέγε say on, Hdt.; so, λέγοις ἄν Plat.: of oracles, to say, declare, Hdt.
2. λέγειν τινά τι to say something of another, esp., κακὰ λ. τινά to speak ill of him, abuse, revile him, id=Hdt.; ἀγαθὰ λ. τινά Ar.;—also, εὖ or κακῶς λ. τινά Aesch., etc.
3. to call by name, Soph.:— to call so and so, οὔτοι γυναῖκας ἀλλὰ Γοργόνας λέγω Aesch.
4. λ. τινὰ or τινὶ ποιεῖν τι to tell one to do, Soph., Xen., etc.
5. λ. τι to say something, i. e. to speak to the point or purpose, Soph.; λέγω τι; am I right? id=Soph.; opp. to οὐδὲν λέγει, has no meaning, no authority, Ar.; but οὐδὲν λέγειν, also, to say what is not, to lie, id=Ar., Plat., etc.
6. like Lat. dicere, to mean, τί τοῦτο λέγει; what does this mean? Ar., Plat.; πῶς λέγεις; how mean you? Plat.:—to explain more fully, εἴςω κομίζου ςύ, Καςάνδραν λέγω get thee in—thou, I mean Cassandra, Aesch.; ποταμός Ἀχελῶιον λέγω Soph.
7. Pass., λέγεται, like Lat. dicitur, it is said, on dit, Hdt., attic; also λέγονται εἶναι they are said to be, Xen.:— τὸ λεγόμενον, absol., as the saying goes, Thuc., etc.:— ὁ λεγόμενος the so-called, οἱ λ. αὐτόνομοι εἶναι Xen.
8. of orators, to speak (emphatically), λέγειν δεινός Soph.; λ. τε καὶ πράςςειν δυνατώτατος Thuc.
9. to boast of, tell of, Xen.: to recite what is written, λαβὲ τὸ βιβλίον καὶ λέγε Plat., etc.:—but the sense of Lat. lego, to read, only occurs in compds., ἀναλέγομαι, ἐπιλέγομαι.
1. a couch, bed, Lat. lectus, in sg. and pl., Hom.; λέκτρονδε to bed, Od.
2. pl. the marriage-bed, Pind., Trag.; ἀλλότρια, νόθα, λέκτρα, of illicit connexions, Eur.
1. a broad leather strap fastening the yoke (ζυγόν) to the neck, and passing between the fore-legs to the girth (μαςχαλιςτήρ), mostly in pl., Il., Aesch.: so metaph., ἀνάγκης δῦναι λέπαδνον to put on the halter of necessity, Aesch.
1. to strip off the rind or husks, to peel, bark, περὶ γάρ ῥά ἑ χαλκὸς ἔλεψεν φύλλα τε καὶ φλοιόν Il.
2. metaph. in Com. poets, to hide, i. e. thrash.
1. a couch, bed, Hom., etc.
2. a kind of state-bed or bier, Il., etc.
3. a marriage-bed, and generally marriage, Od., Trag.; so in pl. τὰ νυμφικὰ λ. Soph.; γῆμαι μείζω λέχη to make a great marriage, Eur., etc.:—also for the concrete, ςὰ λέχεα thy spouse, id=Eur.
4. a bird's nest, Aesch., Soph.
1. Lat. leo, a lion, Hom.; of Artemis, Ζεύς ςε λέοντα γυναιξὶ θῆκε Zeus made thee a lion toward women, because she was supposed to cause their sudden death, Il.; οἴκοι λέοντες, ἐν μάχῃ δ̆ ἀλώπεκες Ar.
2. = leonth=, a lion's skin, Luc.
1. to stay, abate, like παύω, Il.:—c. gen., χεῖρας λήγειν φόνοιο to stay hands from murder, Od.
2. intr. to leave off, cease, come to an end, Il., Hdt., attic: c. gen. to stop or cease from a thing, χόλοιο, φόνοιο, etc., Il., attic: c. part to cease doing, λήγειν ἀείδων Il., etc.
1. a forgetting, forgetfulness, Lat. oblivio, Il., attic; λ. παρέχειν, ἐμποιεῖν Plat.; εἰς λήθην ἐμβάλλειν τινά Aeschin., etc.
2. after Hom., a place of oblivion in the lower world, Simon., etc.
1. a crop, Lat. seges, ὡς δ̆ ὅτε κινήςῃ Ζέφυρος βαθὺ λήιον Il.; so Hes., Hdt.
2. a corn-field, field, Theocr., Babr.
1. very, exceedingly, Hom.; οὐδέ τι λ. οὕτω not so very much, Od.; with a Verb, very much, overmuch, exceedingly, Hom.; strengthd. καὶ λίην, as, aye truly, verily, id=Hom.; λίην πιςτεύειν to believe implicitly, Hdt.; κόμπος λίαν εἰρημένος verily, truly, Aesch.; ἡ λίαν φιλότης his too great love, id=Aesch.
1. in loud clear tone, Hom.
1. only in epic aor1, λίγξε βιός the bow twanged, Il.
1. of stone, Hom.
1. a stone, Hom., etc.: a precious stone, Hdt.: marble, id=Hdt.:—proverb., λίθον ἕψειν to boil a stone, i. e. "to lose one's labour," Ar.;— of stupidity, λίθοι blocks, stones, id=Ar.
2. stone as a substance, opp. to wood, flesh, etc, Il., etc.
3. also fem., Hom., Theocr.;—but the fem. was mostly used of some special stone, as the magnet, Eur., Plat.; of a touchstone, Plat.; ἡ διαφανὴς λ. a piece of crystal used for a burning glass, Ar.
4. at Athens, λίθος (masc.) was a name for various blocks of stone used for rostra or tribunes, as,
5. the Bema of the Pnyx, Ar.
6. another in the ἀγορά used by the κήρυκες, Plut.
7. an altar in the ἀγορά, Dem.
8. a piece on a draughtboard, Theocr.
1. a pool of standing water left by the sea or a river, Il.: then, a marshy lake, mere, Lat. palus, id=Il., Hdt., attic:—also, a large pool or basin (artificial), Hdt.
2. in Hom. and other Poets, the sea.
3. Λίμναι, ῶν, αἱ, a quarter of Athens (once prob. marshy), near the Acropolis, in which stood the Lenaeum, Ar., Thuc., etc.
1. anything made of flax:
2. a cord, fishing-line, Il.: the thread spun from a distaff, Eur., etc.; and in pl., id=Eur.:—metaph. the thread of destiny spun by the Fates, Hom., Theocr.:—proverb., λίνον λίνῳ ςυνάπτειν, i. e. to join like with like, to deal with matters of like kind, Plat.
3. a fishing-net, Il.:— a hunting-net, Theocr.
4. linen, linen-cloth, Hom.: sail-cloth, Ar.
5. flax for spinning, id=Ar.
6. the plant that produces flax, Lat. linum, Hdt., etc.; λίνου ςπέρμα lint-seed, Thuc.
7. on λίνον ἄειδεν, v. *li/nos II.
1. adv. unctuously, richly, ἀλεῖψαι or ἀλείψαςθαι λίπ̆ ἐλαίῳ to anoint or cause to be anointed richly with oil, Il.; so, χρῖςαι or χρίςαςθαι λίπ̆ ἐλαίῳ id=Il.; only once without ἐλαίῳ, λοέςςατο καὶ λίπ̆ ἄλειψεν Od. In all these places, the final vowel is uncertain; but we have λίπα ἀλείψαςθαι, -εςθαι in Thuc., etc.
1. smooth, Od.
2. as masc. Subst., only in dat. λιτί and acc. λῖτα, smooth cloth, linen cloth: others take λῖτα to be acc. pl. neut. linen cloths:—in Anth., we have λίτα [ι^] πολυδαίδαλα, embroidered stuffs.
1. to beg, pray, entreat, beseech, either absol. or c. acc. pers., Hom.; that by which one prays, in gen., λ. τινα γούνων Il.; λ. Ζηνός Od.:—an inf. is often added, οὐδέ ς̆ ἔγωγε λίςςομαι μένειν I do not pray thee to remain, Il.
2. c. acc. rei, to beg or pray for, οἷ αὐτῶι θάνατον λιτέςθαι id=Il.: c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, ταῦτα μὲν οὐχ ὑμέας ἔτι λίςςομαι this I beg of you no more, Od.
1. = xlai=na, Lat. laena, Strab.
1. a bold, rash talker, braggart, Il.
1. Dep. to talk rashly, brag, Il.
1. c.acc. to obtain by lot, by fate, by the will of the gods, Hom.; with inf. added, ἔλαχον πολιὴν ἅλα ναιέμεν I had the sea for my portion to dwell in, says Poseidon, Il.; ἔλαχ̆ ἄναξ δούλην ς̆ ἔχειν Eur.:—of the genius presiding over one's life, ἐμὲ μὲν Κὴρ λάχε Il.; esp. in perf. to be the tutelary deity of a place, to protect it, θεοῖςιν, οἳ Περςίδα γῆν λελόγχαςι Hdt.:—absol., πρὸς Θύμβρης ἔλαχον Λύκιοι had their post assigned near Thymbra, Il.
2. of public officers, to obtain an office by lot (v. ku/amos *i*i); ἀρχὴν λαχεῖν, opp. to χειροτονηθῆναι (to be elected), Ar.; so, c. inf., ὁ λαχὼν πολεμαρχέειν he who had the lot to be polemarch, Hdt.; οἱ λαχόντες βουλευταί (sc. εἶναι), Oratt.; and absol., οἱ λαχόντες those on whom the lot fell, Thuc.
3. as attic law-term, λαγχάνειν δίκην to obtain leave to bring on a suit, Plat., Oratt.; and (without δίκην) λαγχάνειν τινι to bring an action against one, Oratt.
4. c. gen. partit. to get one's share of, become possessed of, Hom., attic
5. absol. to draw (i. e. obtain) the lot, Od.: cast lots, NTest.
6. Causal epic redupl. aor. λέλαχον, to put in possession of a thing, πυρὸς λελαχεῖν τινα to grant one the right of funeral fire, Il.
7. intr. to fall to one's lot or share, Od., Eur.
1. a hare, Lat. lepus, Hom., Aesch., etc.
1. banishing care, Il., Anth.
1. a kind of shield or target, lighter than the ἀςπίς, covered with raw hides, Il., Hdt.
1. light, nimble, swift, Il., Pind., Eur.:—neut. pl. as adv. swiftly, Eur.
1. The orig. sense of the word is two-fold, one (more active) to take, and the other (more passive) to receive
2. to take:
3. to take hold of, grasp, seize, Hom., etc.; the part seized in gen., the whole in acc., τὴν πτέρυγος λάβεν caught her by the wing, Il.; γούνων λάβε κούρην Od., etc.:—then, with gen. of part only, ποδῶν, γούνων, κόρυθος λάβεν took hold of the feet, etc., Il.
4. to take by violence, seize, carry off as prize or booty, Hom.
5. λ. δίκην, ποινάς, Lat. sumere poenas, to exact punishment, Eur., etc.; v. infr. II. 3.
6. of passions, feelings, etc., to seize, Hom., etc.; of fever and sudden illnesses, to attack, Hdt., attic
7. of a deity, to seize, possess, τινά Hdt.: of darkness, and the like, to occupy, possess, Aesch.
8. to catch, come upon, overtake, as an enemy, Hom., Hdt.: to catch, find, come upon, λ. τινὰ μοῦνον Hdt., etc.: also, to catch, find out, detect, Lat. deprehendo, id=Hdt.: so Pass., ἐπ̆ αὐτοφώρωι εἰλημμένος caught in the act, Ar.
9. λ. τινὰ ὁρκίοιςι to bind him by oaths, Hdt.
10. to take as an assistant, Soph.
11. τὴν Ἴδην λαβὼν ἐς ἀριςτερὴν χέρα taking, keeping Ida to your left; so, λ. ἐν δεξιᾶι Thuc.
12. λ. Ἑλληνίδα ἐςθῆτα to assume it, Hdt.
13. to apprehend by the senses, Soph., Plat.:— to seize with the mind, apprehend, comprehend, Hdt., etc.:— to take, i. e. understand, a thing so and so, e. g. a passage of an author, Lat. accipere, Hdt., Thuc., etc.
14. to take in hand, undertake, Hdt.
15. the part. λαβών is almost pleon., as, λαβὼν κύςε χεῖρα took and kissed, Od.; so in attic
16. to receive:
17. to have given one, to get, gain, win, Hom., etc.:—also in bad sense, λ. ὄνειδος Soph.; θάνατον Eur., etc.
18. to receive in marriage, Hdt., Xen.
19. λ. δίκην to receive, i. e. suffer, punishment, as we say, to catch it, Lat. dare poenas, Hdt., Eur.: —an unusual sense, v. supr. I. 2.
20. λ. ὅρκον to accept an oath as a test, Arist.; λ. λόγον to demand an account, Xen.
21. to conceive, Aesch.
22. to receive as produce or profit, Ar., Plat.; to purchase Ar.
23. to admit of, Pind.
24. of persons subject to feelings, passions, and the like, λ. θυμόν to take heart, Od.; so, periphr., λ. φόβον ͂ φοβεῖςθαι, Soph., etc.; so, λ. ὕψος ͂ ὑψοῦςθαι, Thuc.; λ. νόςον (as we say) "to take a cold, " Plat.; so, αἱ οἰκίαι ἐπάλξεις λαμβάνουςαι receiving battlements, having battlements added, Thuc.
25. Mid. to take hold of, lay hold on, c. gen., ςχεδίης Od., Hdt., etc.
26. of place, λ. τῶν ὀρῶν to take to the mountains, reach, gain them, Thuc.
1. to shine, only in epic part. λαμπετόων, shining, ὄςςε δέ οἱ πυρὶ λαμπετόωντι ἐί̈κτην Hom.
1. bright, brilliant, radiant, of the sun and stars, the eyes, etc., Il., attic
2. of white objects, bright, Od., Hdt.
3. of water, bright, limpid, Aesch., etc.; of the air, Eur.
4. of the voice, clear, sonorous, distinct, Lat. clarus, Dem.; so, λαμπρὰ κηρύςςειν Eur.
5. metaph. of vigorous action, λ. ἄνεμος a fresh keen wind, Hdt.; λ. καὶ μέγας καθιείς swooping down like a fresh and mighty breeze, Ar.; λαμπρὸς φανήςεται he will come vigorously forth, Eur.:—so adv., λαμπρῶς vigorously, Thuc.
6. metaph. also, clear, manifest, decisive, Aesch., Thuc.: —so adv., λαμπρῶς κοὐδὲν αἰνικτηρίως Aesch.; λελυμένων λ. τῶν ςπονδῶν Thuc.; λαμπρῶς ἐλέγετο it was said without concealment, id=Thuc.
7. of persons, well-known, illustrious, Hdt., Dem.: also magnificent, munificent, Lat. splendidus, clarus, Dem., etc.
8. bright, joyous, Soph.
9. of outward appearance, splendid, brilliant, Xen.; of youthful bloom, Thuc.: —so of dress, etc., Ar., etc.:—adv., λαμπρότατα most splendidly, Xen.
1. in most of the act. tenses, to escape notice, to be unknown, unseen, unnoticed:
2. c. acc. pers., λ. τινά only, to escape his notice, Lat. latere aliquem, Hom., attic; impers., ςὲ λέληθε it has escaped your notice, Plat.
3. most often with a part. added, in which case we usually translate the part. by a Verb, and express λανθάνω by an Adverb, unawares, without being observed, unseen, unknown; and this, either,
4. with an acc. pers., ἄλλον τινὰ λήθω μαρνάμενος I am unseen by others while fighting, i. e. I fight unseen by them, Il.; μὴ λάθηι με προςπεςών lest he come on unseen by me, Soph.
5. without an acc., μὴ διαφθαρεὶς λάθηι lest he perish without himself knowing it, id=Soph.; δουλεύων λέληθας you are a slave without knowing it, Ar.—This construct. is reversed, as in our idiom, ἀπὸ τείχεος ἆλτο λαθών (for ἔλαθεν ἁλόμενος) Il.; λήθουςά μ̆ ἐξέπινες Soph.
6. the compd. Verbs ἐκληθάνω, ἐπιλήθω (v. sub vocc.), take a Causal sense, to make one forget a thing, c. gen. rei: so in redupl. aor2 λέλαθον, ὄφρα λελάθηι ὀδυνάων that he may cause him to forget his pains, Il.
7. Mid. and Pass. to let a thing escape one, to forget:
8. to forget, absol. or c. gen. rei, Hom.; so in redupl. aor., οὐδέ ςέθεν θεοὶ λελάθοντο Il., etc.; and in perf. pass., ἐμεῖο λελαςμένος id=Il.; κείνου λελῆςθαι Soph.
9. to forget purposely, to pass over, ἢ λάθετ̆ ἢ οὐκ ἐνόηςεν either he chose to forget it or perceived it not, Il.
1. （ςεύω) rousing or stirring nations, Hom.
2. λαοςςόοι ἀγῶνες assemblies to which the people flock, Pind.
3. （ςώζω) preserving the people or nations, Anth.
1. bearing people, λαοφόρος ὁδός a highway, thoroughfare, Il.; ὑπὲρ τῶν μάλιςτα λεωφόρων πυλέων over the gates of greatest thoroughfare, Hdt.
1. the soft part of the body between the ribs and hip, the flank, Il., Hdt., etc.; in pl. the flanks, Lat. ilia, Hdt.
1. pleasant to the taste, dainty, sweet, Hom.: —epic Sup., λα_ρώτατος οἶνος (metri grat. for λα_ρότατος) Od.: comp. λαρότερον as adv., Anth.
2. pleasant to the smell, Mosch., Anth.
3. pleasant to the eye, lovely, Anth.
4. pleasant to the ear, sweet to hear, id=Anth.
1. the throat, Il.
1. to swallow greedily, gulp down, devour, Il.; metaph. of fire, to consume, Anth.
1. hairy, shaggy, Il., Pind.
1. ionic ληός, attic λεώς: —, the people, both in sg. and pl., i. e.
2. in the warlike language of Il., the people or men of the army, soldiers; also a land-army, opp. to a fleet; the common men, opp. to their leaders
3. in the peaceful Od., men, people; so, ναυτικὸς λεώς seafaring folk, Aesch.; ὁ γεωργικὸς λεώς Ar.; ἀκούετε, λεῴ hear o people! the usual way of beginning proclamations at Athens, like our oyez! id=Ar.
4. in NTest. of Jews, and later of Christians, as opp. to heathens.
1. a tempest, furious storm, hurricane, Hom.
1. the depth or gulf of the sea, μέγα λαῖτμα θαλάςςης, ἁλὸς λ. Hom.; alone, λαῖτμα μέγ̆ ἐκπερόωςι Od.
1. to pour, pour forth, οἶνον λείβειν to make a libation of wine, Hom.; also λείβειν (without οἶνον) Il.; λείβειν θεοῖς Od.
2. like εἴβω, to let flow, shed, δάκρυα λ. Hom., Trag.: —Pass., of the tears, to be shed, pour forth, Eur., Xen.; of persons, λείβεςθαι δακρύοις κόρας to have one's eyes running with tears, Eur.: metaph. of sound, Pind.
3. in Pass., also, to melt or pine away, Ar.
1. trans.,
2. to leave, quit, Hom., etc.
3. to leave behind, leave at home, id=Hom., etc.; esp. of dying men, to leave (as a legacy), Il., etc.:— so in Mid. to leave behind one, as a memorial, Hdt., etc.
4. to leave, forsake, abandon, desert, leave in the lurch, Il., etc.; λ. ἐράνους to fail in paying . . , Dem.; so, λ. δαςμόν, φοράν Xen.:—conversely, λίπον ἰοὶ ἄνακτα the arrows failed him, Od.
5. intr. to be gone, to be wanting, cease, be missing, Lat. deficio, Soph., Eur., etc.
6. Pass. to be left, left behind, Hom., etc.
7. to remain, remain over and above, Il., Hdt., etc.
8. to remain alive, Od.
9. c. gen. to be left without, to be forsaken of, ςοῦ λελειμμένη Soph.;— but, λελειμμένος δορός left by the spear, i. e. not slain, Aesch.
10. to be left behind in a race, Il.; λελειμμένος οἰῶν lingering behind the sheep, Od.; ἐς δίςκουρα λέλειπτο he had been left behind as much as a quoit's throw, Il.; τοῦ κήρυκος μὴ λείπεςθαι not to be behind the herald, Thuc.
11. to come short of, be inferior, worse, weaker or less than, τινος Hdt., attic; λέλειψαι τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων you come short of, understand not my plans, Eur.
12. λείπεςθαι ἀπό τινος to keep aloof from one, Il.; λ. βαςιλέος or ἀπὸ βαςιλέος to desert the king, Hdt.:—absol. to keep aloof, be absent, id=Il.
13. to be wanting or lacking in a thing, ὀδυρμάτων ἐλείπετ̆ οὐδέν Soph., etc.
1. to smooth or polish, Hom.; ἵπποιςι κέλευθον λειανέω I will smooth the way, Il.
2. to rub smooth, pound in a mortar, Lat. levigare, Hdt.; to grind with the teeth, Xen.:— generally, to crush, extirpate, Hdt.
3. to smooth away wrinkles, Plat.:—metaph. to smooth or soften down harsh words, Hdt.
1. from a meadow, Il.; also λειμωνόθε, Theocr.
1. any moist, grassy place, a meadow, mead, holm, Lat. pratum, Hom., Aesch., etc.
1. properly, like a lily: metaph., χρὼς λειριόεις lily skin, Il.; of the cicadae, ὂψ λειριόεςςα their delicate voice, id=Il.
1. to strive eagerly, in part. λελι^ημένος, Il.; as a mere adj. eager, in haste, id=Il.: later 3rd sg. plup., Theocr.
1. fine, delicate, Il., Anth.
1. peeled, husked, threshed out, Il.
2. fine, small, of dust, ashes, etc., id=Il., Soph., Ar.
3. thin, fine, delicate, of cloth, thread, etc., Hom., Eur.
4. of the human figure, thin, lean, meagre, Ar., Xen.: also slender, taper, Plat.
5. of space, like ςτενός, strait, narrow, Od.; ἐπὶ λεπτόν in a thin line, Xen.
6. generally, small, weak, impotent, μῆτις Il.; ἐλπίς Ar.; λ. ἴχνη faint traces, Xen.; τὰ λεπτὰ τῶν προβάτων small cattle, i. e. sheep and goats, Hdt.; λ. πλοῖα small craft, id=Hdt., etc.
7. light, slight, of sounds, Aesch.; λ. πνοαί light breezes, Eur.
8. of wine, light, Luc.
9. metaph. fine, subtle, refined, νοῦς, μῦθος Eur., etc.:— so adv., λεπτῶς μεριμνᾶν Plat.
1. in sad or sorry plight, wretched, pitiful, dismal, Od.:—adv., so, λευγαλέως χωρεῖν to go in ill plight, Il.
1. light, bright, brilliant, of sun light, Hom., Soph.; and of metallic surfaces, λέβης Il.; also, λ. γαλήνη a glassy calm, Od.; of water, generally, bright, limpid, Hom., Eur.
2. metaph. clear, plain, distinct, of authors, Anth.
3. of colour, white, Hom., etc.; λ. ἅρμα ͂ λεύκιππον, Eur.
4. of the skin, white, fair, Hom., Trag.; with a notion of bare, πούς Eur., cf. λευκόπους:—later, as a mark of effeminacy, blanched, white, pale, Ar., Xen.:— λευκαὶ φρένες in Pind. may be pale with envy, envious.
5. λ. χρυςός, pale gold, i. e. gold alloyed with silver (prob. the same as ἤλεκτρον), opp. to χρυςὸς ἄπεφθος, Hdt.
6. λευκὸν ἦμαρ νυκτὸς ἐκ μελαγχίμου a bright day after a night of mourning, Aesch.
1. white-armed, Hom., Hes.
1. grown with grass fit to make a bed, i. e. grassy, meadowy, Il., Hhymn.
1. of the river Asopus, from its grassy banks, Il., Orac. ap. Hdt.
1. white-shielded, Il., Xen.:—in Trag. the Argives are λευκάςπιδες.
1. to look or gaze upon, see, behold, Il., Trag.
2. absol. to look, gaze, Hom., Soph., etc.:— ὁ μὴ λεύςςων he that sees no more, i. e. is dead, Soph.; so, εἰ λεύςςει φάος if he still sees the light, Eur.
3. c. acc. cogn., λεύςςειν δέργμα δράκοντος to look the look of a dragon, Aesch.; λ. φόνον to look murder, Theocr.
1. Lat. levis, smooth, Il., Plat., etc.:—of cloths, smooth, plain, not embroidered, Thuc.
2. smooth, level, flat, of land, Hom.; λεῖα δ̆ ἐποίηςεν [θεμείλια] levelled them with the ground, Il.:—c. gen., χῶρος λεῖος πετράων smooth (i. e. free) from rocks, Od.
3. smooth-skinned, beardless, Theocr.
4. metaph. smooth, soft, of wind, Ar.; of words, Aesch.
1. Dep.:
2. to seize as booty, to carry off as prey, Hom., Hdt.:—generally, to get by force, to gain, get, Hes.
3. to plunder, despoil, esp. by raids or forays, ἀλλήλους Thuc., Xen.
4. absol. to plunder, Hdt.
5. perf. λέλῃςμαι in pass. sense, to be carried off, taken as booty, Eur.
1. booty, spoil, Hom., etc.; mostly of cattle, Il.; and without notion of plunder, cattle, stock, Hes., Theocr.
1. taken prisoner, captive, Il.
1. to be carried off as booty, to be won by force, Il.; also (with the vowel shortd.) λεϊςτός id=Il.
1. she who makes or dispenses booty, Il.
1. epic Dep to bend, incline:
2. mostly of persons, to go aside, withdraw, recoil, shrink back, Il.; δεῦρο λιάςθης hither has thou retired, id=Il.; παρὰ κληῖδα λιάςθη, of a vision, slipped away by the key-hole, Od.; ἐλιάςθην πρός ςε I came away to thee, Eur.
3. to sink, fall, πρηνὴς ἐλιάςθη, λιαζόμενος προτὶ γαίῃ Il.
4. of things, λιάζετο κῦμα retired, drew back, id=Il.; πτερὰ λίαςθεν (for ἐλιάςθηςαν) the dying bird's wings dropped, id=Il.
1. warm, Hom.; οὖρος λ. a warm soft wind, Od.; ὕπνος λ. balmy sleep, Il.
1. to cry aloud, of heralds, Il.; of mourners, Aesch.; also, ςύριγγι λ. to produce clear sounds on the pipe, to play on it, Anth.; c. acc. cogn., μέλος λ. Bion, Mosch.
2. trans. to sing of, Anth.
1. clear, whistling, of winds, Il.; of a whip, id=Il.; λιγυρὰ ἄχεα griefs which vent themselves in shrill wailings, Eur.:—also clear-voiced, sweet-toned, Hom., etc.:—neut. pl. as adv., λιγυρὰ ἀείδειν Theogn.; λιγυρῶς Theocr.
2. pliant, flexible, of dogs' tails, Xen.
1. clear, whistling, of winds, Hom.: of a clear, sweet sound, clear-toned, id=Hom.; of the nightingale, Aesch.
2. adv. shrilly, Hom.; clearly, Il.:—neut. as adv., λιγὺ μέλπεςθαι Hes., Aesch.
1. clear-voiced, of heralds, Hom.; of the nightingale, Ar.
1. clear-voiced, loud-voiced, screaming, Il.; also of sweet sounds, Hes., Theocr.
1. to part the grain from the chaff, to winnow, Il., Xen.:— metaph. to scatter like chaff, NTest.
1. a winnower of corn, Il.
1. crosswise, sideways, Hom.; cf. λέχριος
1. to long or desire earnestly, Il.; metaph. of a lance, λιλαιομένη χροὸς ἆςαι longing to taste flesh, id=Il.; λιλαιομένη πόςιν εἶναι longing for him to be her husband, Od.: —also c. gen. to long for, λιλαιόμενοι πολέμοιο Il., etc.:—also, φόωςδε λιλαίεςθαι to struggle to the light of day, Od.
1. a harbour, haven, creek, whereas ὅρμος is properly the inner part of the harbour, the landing-place, Hom., etc.; in pl., Od., Soph., etc.; —also c. gen. objecti, λιμένες θαλάςςης havens of refuge from the sea, Od.
2. metaph. a haven, retreat, refuge, Theogn.; ἑταιρείας λ. a haven of friendship, Soph.; λ. τῶν ἐμῶν βουλευμάτων Eur.; c. gen. objecti, χείματος λ. a harbour of refuge from the storm, id=Eur.
3. a place of resort, receptacle, πλούτου λ. Aesch.; παντὸς οἰωνοῦ λ. Soph.; in O. T. 420, the sense seems to be—how will Cithaeron not be filled with thy cries (λιμὴν ἔςται τῆς ςῆς βοῆς) ? how will it not reecho them?
1. hunger, famine, Hom., etc.:— proverb., ἀπολεῖτε λιμῷ Μηλίῳ, referring to the siege of Melos, Ar.:—metaph., of the mind, Eur.
1. wearing a linen cuirass, Il., Xen.
1. to be fat and sleek, epic part. λιπόων Anth.
1. with bright head-band, Il.
1. with glossy locks, Il.
1. oily, shiny with oil, acc. to the custom of oiling the skin in the palaestra, Od., Ar., etc.
2. oily, greasy, Ar.
3. of the skin, shining, sleek, Lat. nitidus, λιπαροὶ πόδες bright, smooth feet, without a wrinkle, Il.; λιπαρώτεροι ἐγένοντο Hdt.; λ. ςτῆθος Ar., etc.
4. of condition, rich, comfortable, easy, Lat. nitidus, lautus, Od., Pind.; so, λιπαρῶς γηράςκειν Od.
5. of things, bright, brilliant, costly, splendid, Hom.
6. of soil, fat, rich, fruitful, Lat. pinguis, Hhymn., Theogn.; λιπαραὶ Ἀθῆναι, a favourite epith. with the Athenians, prob. with allusion to the Attic olive, Pind., Ar.
1. a prayer, entreaty, mostly in pl., Od., Hdt., Trag.
2. Λιταί, Prayers of sorrow and repentance, personified in Il. 9. 502 sq.
1. to pray, entreat, esp. for protection, either absol. or c. acc. pers., Hom.; that by which one prays in gen., γούνων λιτανεύειν Od.; also, γούνων ἁψάμενοι λιτανεύςομεν (epic for -ωμεν), Il.; c. inf., id=Il.
1. pestilent, deadly, fatal, Il.
1. the lobe of the ear, Il.
2. the lobe of the liver, Aesch., Eur.: generally, the liver, Aesch.
1. a drink-offering, Lat. libatio, Hom.; opt. in pl., Pind., Soph.
1. a plague, pestilence, Il., Hdt., attic; of the plague at Athens, Thuc.
2. of persons, a plague, pest, Dem. (Prob. akin to λύμη, Lat. lues.)
1. λοιςθήιον ἄεθλον the prize for the last in the race, Il.
1. pouring water into the bath, the slave who did this, Od., Xen.; λ. τρίπους a three-legged kettle, in which water was warmed for bathing, Hom.
1. a bath, bathing place, Hom.; mostly in pl., θερμὰ λοετρά hot baths, Il.; attic θερμὰ λουτρά Aesch., etc.; also called λουτρὰ hράκλεια Ar.; ὑδάτων λουτρά water for bathing or washing, Soph.; λοῦςαι τινα λουτρόν to give one a bath, id=Soph.
2. in Poets, = spondai/ or χοαί libations to the dead, id=Soph., Eur.
1. to lie in wait for, to watch, waylay, entrap, Od., Hdt.
2. absol. to lie in wait or ambush, Il., Hdt.; in aor1 part. with another Verb, λοχήςας πολλοὺς διέφθειρεν Thuc.; Mid., λοχηςάμενος Od.
3. c. acc. loci, to occupy with an ambuscade, ἐλόχηςαν τὴν ὁδόν Hdt.
1. to wash another, properly, to wash his body (νίζω being used of the hands and feet, πλύνω of clothes), Hom.; λούςατε ἐν ποταμῶι bathe him, i. e. let him bathe, Od.:—also, λό̆ ἐκ τρίποδος washed me [with water] from a caldron, id=Od.
2. Mid. and Pass. to bathe, c. gen., λελουμένος Ὠκεανοῖο (of a star just risen), fresh from Ocean's bath, Il.;so, λούεςθαι ποταμοῖο to bathe [in water] of the river, id=Hom.; so, ἀπὸ κρήνης λούμενος Hdt.:—absol., λούςαντο Od., etc.; λελουμένος fresh-bathed, after bathing, Hdt.; ἦλθε λουςόμενος (Hor., ire lavatum), Ar.
3. in strict pass. sense, λοῦςθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ Διός, i. e. to be washed by the rain from heaven, Hdt.
4. in strict mid. sense, λοέςςαςθαι χρόα to wash one's body, Hes.
1. sore, baneful, mournful, Hom., Trag.: —τὰ λυγρά bane, misery, ruin, Hom., Hes.
2. baneful, with an act. force, φάρμακα λυγρά Od.; γαςτὴρ λυγρή the stomach that cause of bane, id=Od.
3. εἵματα λυγρά sorry garments, id=Od.
4. of persons, baneful, mischievous, id=Od.: sorry, i. e. weak, cowardly, Hom., Soph.
5. adv. -rw=s, sorely, Il.
1. a wolf-skin, Il.
1. one that is raging or raving mad, Il., Anth.
1. like one raging, frantic, of martial rage, Il.
2. of madness, Soph., Eur.
1. more desirable, more agreeable, and (generally) better, τόδε λώιόν ἐςτι Hom.; and as adv. better, Od.:—we also find a comp. λωί̈τερος, ον, in neut., λωίτερον καὶ ἄμεινον id=Od.—In attic λῴων was used as comp. of ἀγαθός.
2. Sup. λῷςτος, η, ον Theogn., attic; τὰ λῷςτα βουλεύειν Aesch.; ὦ λῷςτε my good friend, Plat.
1. to treat despitefully, to outrage, maltreat, λώβην λωβᾶςθαί τινα to do one despite, Il.: esp. to maim, mutilate, Hdt.; λ. βίον to make ruin of one's life, Soph.; λ. τοὺς νέους to corrupt the youth, Plat.:—sometimes, like λυμαίνομαι, c. dat., Ar., Plat.:—absol. to do despite, act outrageously, Il.
2. the perf. is used in pass. sense, λελωβημένος mutilated, Hdt., Plat.; also aor1 pass., μεγάλας λώβας λωβηθείς Plat.
1. one who treats despitefully, a foul slanderer, Il.; a destroyer, of the Furies, Soph.
2. pass. a worthless wretch, Il.
1. despitefully treated, outraged, Il., Soph.
2. act. insulting, abusive, Soph.
1. overgrown with lotus, πεδία λωτεῦντα (ionic for -όεντα) lotus-plains, Il.
1. the lotus, name of several plants.
2. the Greek lotus, a plant on which horses fed, a kind of clover or trefoil, Hom.
3. the Cyrenean lotus, an African shrub, whose fruit was the food of certain tribes on the coast, hence called Lotophagi, Od., Hdt.
4. the Egyptian lotus, the lily of the Nile, Hdt.
5. a North-African tree; from its hard black wood flutes were made:—hence Λιβὺς λωτός is used in Poets for a flute, Eur.
1. to rest from toil, take rest, Il.
2. c. gen. to take rest or abate from, recover from, χόλου Aesch.; πόνου Soph.; λ. ἀπὸ νόςου καὶ πολέμου Thuc.
3. to abate, of a disease, id=Thuc.
4. trans. to lighten, relieve, ὁ λωφήςων γὰρ οὐ πέφυκέ πω Aesch.
1. (A) the word or that by which the inward thought is expressed, Lat. oratio; and, (B) the inward thought itself, Lat. ratio.
2. Lat. vox, oratio, that which is said or spoken:
3. a word, pl. words, i. e. language, talk, Hom., etc.; λόγου ἕνεκα, Lat. dicis causa, merely for talking's sake, Plat.; λόγῳ in word, in pretence, opp. to ἔργῳ (in deed, in reality), Hdt., attic
4. a word, saying, statement, Thuc.: an oracle, Pind., Plat.:— a saying, maxim, proverb, Pind., Aesch.
5. an assertion, promise, Soph.
6. a resolution, κοινῷ λ. by common consent, Hdt.
7. a condition, ἐπὶ λόγῳ τοιῷδε id=Hdt.
8. a command, Aesch.
9. speech, discourse, conversation, εἰς λόγους ἐλθεῖν, ςυνελθεῖν, ἀφικέςθαι τινί Hdt., attic; λόγου μεῖζον, κρεῖςςον beyond expression, Hdt., Thuc.; λόγου ἄξιον worth mention, Hdt.
10. right of speech, power to speak, λόγον αἰτεῖςθαι Thuc.; διδόναι Xen.
11. talk about one, report, repute, Lat. fama, λόγος, Hdt., attic; λόγος ἐςτί, λόγος ἔχει, κατέχει, φέρεται, c. acc. et inf., so the story goes, Lat. fama fert, Hdt., attic
12. speech, language, Plat.
13. a saying, tale, story, opp. on the one hand to mere fable (μῦθος), on the other, to regular history (ἱςτορία), Hdt., Thuc., etc.: then, a fictitious story, fable, like those of Aesop, Hdt., Plat.
14. a narrative, and in pl. histories, history, Hdt.: in sg. one part of such a work, id=Hdt.
15. generally, prose-writing, prose, Xen., etc.
16. a speech, oration, Oratt.
17. like ῥῆμα, the thing spoken of, the subject or matter of the λόγος, Hdt., attic
18. that which is stated, a proposition, position, principle, Plat.: also = o(rismo/s, a definition, id=Plat.
19. Lat. ratio, thought, reason, οὐκ ἔχει λόγον admits not of reason, Soph.; ὀρθὸς λ. Plat.; ὡς ἔχει λόγον, ͂ ὡς ἔοικεν, Dem.:— κατὰ λόγον agreeably to reason, Plat.; μετὰ λόγου id=Plat.
20. an opinion, expectation, Hdt.
21. a reason, ground, plea, Soph., etc.; ἐκ τίνος λόγου; on what ground? Aesch.; ἐξ οὐδενὸς λ. Soph., etc.
22. ὁ λόγος αἱρέει, c. acc. et inf., it stands to reason that . . , Lat. ratio evincit, Hdt.
23. account, consideration, esteem, regard, λόγον βροτῶν οὐκ ἔςχεν οὐδένα Aesch.; Μαρδονίου λόγος οὐδεὶς γίγνεται Hdt.; λόγου οὐδενὸς γενέςθαι to be of no account, id=Hdt.; λόγου ποιεῖςθαί τινα or τι, to make account of a person or thing, id=Hdt.;—so, ἐν οὐδενὶ λόγῳ ποιεῖςθαι id=Hdt.;— ἐν ἀνδρὸς λόγῳ εἶναι to be reckoned as a man, id=Hdt.
24. an account, λόγον διδόναι τινός to give an account of a thing, id=Hdt., attic; so, λόγον παρέχειν Plat.; λ. λαμβάνειν παρά τινος Dem.; λ. ἀπαιτεῖν id=Dem.; ὑπέχειν Plat., Dem., etc.; ἐγγράφειν Dem., etc.; ἀποφέρειν Aeschin.; cf. λογιςτής.
25. due relation, proportion, analogy, κατὰ λόγον τινός or τινί Hdt., attic
26. Ὁ ΛΟ/γΟΣ, the Logos or Word, comprising both senses of Thought and Word, NTest.
1. properly the back of the neck of draught-cattle, because the yoke rubs it (λέπει); of a horse, the mane, Il.; of a man, the nape of the neck, id=Il.; ὑπὸ ζυγῷ λόφον ἔχειν to have the neck under the yoke, i. e. to obey patiently, Soph.
2. the crest of a hill, a ridge, Od., Hdt., etc.
3. the crest of a helmet, Lat. crista, Hom., etc.
4. the crest on the head of birds, Lat. crista, as of the lark, Simon.; the cock's comb, Ar.
5. of men, the tuft of hair upon the crown, λόφους κείρεςθαι to shave so as to leave tufts, Hdt.
1. an ambush, i. e.
2. a place of ambush, place for lying in wait, Hom., Eur.
3. the act of lying in wait, λόχον εἷςαι to place an ambuscade, Hom.; λέγεςθαι ἐς λόχον to lie in ambush, Il.:—c. gen. objecti, λόχος θείοιο γέροντος the way to watch him, Od.
4. the men that form the ambush, Il., Eur.
5. any armed band, a body of troops, Od., Trag.:— a body of soldiers, a company, regiment, Xen.:—among the Spartans, a λόχος was the fourth or fifth part of a μόρα Hdt.:— ὁ ἱερὸς λ. the sacred company at Thebes, Plut.
6. any body of people, a union for civil purposes, Xen., etc.:—used to transl. the Rom. centuria, Plut., etc.
7. a lying-in, childbirth, parturition, Aesch.
1. vitex agnus castus, a willow-like tree, withy; in pl. its withes, Lat. vimina, Hom., Eur.
1. defilement from blood, gore, Hom., Anth.
1. Lat. lupus, a wolf, Hom.;—proverb., λύκον ἰδεῖν to see a wolf, i. e. to be struck dumb, as was vulgarly believed of any one of whom a wolf got the first look, Plat., Theocr. (so Virg., Moerim lupi videre priores); λύκος οἶν ὑμεναιοῖ, of an impossibility, Ar.
1. a loosing, setting free, releasing, ransoming, of a slain man, Il.; λ. θανάτου deliverance from death, Od.; πενίης Theogn., etc.
2. absol. a means of letting loose, Soph.:— deliverance from guilt by expiatory rites, id=Soph.; οὐδ̆ ἔχει λύςιν [τὰ πήματα] admit not of atonement, id=Soph.
3. a loosing, parting, λ. ψυχῆς ἀπὸ ςώματος Plat.:— dissolution, πολιτείας Arist.
4. = do/rpou l. a place for banqueting, Pind.
1. rage, fury, esp. martial rage, Il.
2. after Hom. raging madness, raving, frenzy, Trag.
3. canine madness, rabies, Xen.
1. Orig. sense, to loose:
2. of things, to loosen, unbind, unfasten, ζωςτῆρα, θώρηκα Il.; ἀςκὸν λ. to untie a skin (used as a bottle), Od.; λ. ἡνίαν to slack the rein, Soph.; λ. γράμματα to open a letter, Eur.; ςτόμα λ. to open the mouth, id=Eur.; λ. ὀφρύν to unfold the brow, id=Eur., etc.:—Mid., ἐλύςατο ἱμάντα undid her belt, Il.; λύςαςθαι τρίχα to unbind one's hair, Bion.
3. of living beings,
4. of horses, etc., to undo, unyoke, unharness, Hom.; Mid., λύεςθαι ἵππους ὑπ̆ ὄχεςφι to unyoke one's horses, Il.
5. of men, to loose, release from bonds or prison, from difficulty or danger, Hom., Att:—Mid. to get one loosed or set free, Hes.
6. of prisoners, to release on receipt of ransom (ἄποινα), hold to ransom, release, Hom.; λύειν τινὰ ἀποίνων on payment of ransom, Il.:—Mid. to release by payment of ransom, to get a person released, to ransom, redeem, Hom., attic
7. to give up, [θρόνον] λῦςον ἄμμιν Pind.
8. to resolve a whole into its parts, to dissolve, break up, λ. ἀγορήν to dissolve the assembly, Hom.; also to break up the market, Xen.:— Pass., λῦτο ἀγών Il.; ἐλύθη ἡ ςτρατιά Xen.
9. to loosen, slacken, ςπάρτα λέλυνται, i. e. have rotted, Il.
10. to loosen, i. e. weaken, relax, λῦςέ οἱ γυῖα made his limbs slack or loose, i. e. killed him, id=Il.; λ. μένος τινί id=Il.; but, καμάτωι γούνατ̆ ἔλυςαν made the knees weak with toil, Od.:—so in Pass., λύντο δὲ γυῖα, as the effect of death, sleep, weariness, fear, etc., Il., etc.; γυῖα λέλυντο Hom., etc.
11. to undo, bring to naught, break down, destroy, Hom.: and generally, to undo, do away with, put an end to, Lat. dissolvere, id=Hom., attic; λ. βίον, i. e. to die, Eur.
12. to repeal, annul, do away with, Hdt., etc.; λ. ψῆφον to rescind a vote, Dem.:— Pass., λέλυται πάντα all ties are broken, id=Dem.
13. to solve a problem or difficulty, Plat.
14. to refute an argument, Arist.
15. to unravel the plot of a tragedy, id=Arist.
16. to break a law or treaty, Hdt., Thuc.
17. to solve, fulfil, accomplish, τὰ μαντεῖα Soph.
18. to atone for, make up for, Lat. luere, id=Soph., Eur.
19. μιςθοὺς λύειν to pay wages in full, Xen.
20. τέλη λύειν ͂ λυςιτελεῖν, to pay, profit, avail, ἔνθα μὴ τέλη λύει φρονοῦντι where it boots not to be wise, Soph.; also λύει alone, much like λυςιτελεῖ, λύει ἄλγος Eur.; φημὶ τοιούτους γάμους λύειν βροτοῖς id=Eur.
1. despiteful treatment, outrage, dishonour, Hom., Hdt., attic:—esp. mutilation, maiming, Hdt.
2. of persons, a disgrace, Lat. opprobrium, λώβην εἶναι Il.
1. Lat. lapis, a stone, Hom., etc.
1. blessed, happy, of the gods, as opp. to mortal men, Il.; absol., μάκαρες the blessed ones, Od., Hes., Pind., Trag.
2. of men, blest, fortunate, ὦ μάκαρ Ἀτρείδη Il.; so, μάκαιρα ἑςτία, etc., Pind.:— esp. wealthy, ἀνδρὸς μάκαρος κατ̆ ἄρουραν Il.
3. μάκαρες also meant the dead, as secure from the ills of life, Hes.:— μακάρων νῆςοι the Islands of the Blest (in the ocean at the extreme West) where heroes and demi-gods enjoyed rest for ever, id=Hes., Pind.
4. comp. μακάρτερος, Sup. μακάρτατος Od.
1. a pick-axe with one point, Il., Aesch.
1. very, very much, exceedingly, Hom., etc.
2. strengthening the word with which it stands, μάλα πολλά very many, id=Hom.; μάλα πάντες, μ. πᾶςαι, μ. πάντα, all together, every one, id=Hom.; μάλ̆ ἀςκηθής all unhurt, Od.; ἀβληχρὸς μάλα τοῖος so very weak, id=Od.:—so in attic, μάλα δὴ πρεςβύτης very old, Xen.; μ. γέ τινες ὀλίγοι Plat.:—so with Advs., πάγχυ μάλα and μάλα πάγχυ quite utterly, Il.; εὖ μάλα right well, Od.; μάλ̆ αἰεί for ever and aye, Il.; ἄχρι μάλα κνέφαος until quite dark, Od.; μάλα διαμπερές right through, Il.:—so in attic, to express repeated action, μάλ̆ αὖθις, μάλ̆ αὖ Aesch., etc.:— with Verbs, μή με μάλ̆ αἴνεε praise me not greatly, Il.; ἡ δὲ μάλ̆ ἡνιόχευεν she drove carefully, Od., etc.
3. strengthening an assertion, εἰ μάλα μιν χόλος ἵκοι if wrath come on him ever so much, Hom.; so μάλα περ with a partic., μάλα περ μεμαώς though desiring never so much, Il.
4. in attic in answers, yes, certainly, exactly so, μάλα γε Plat., etc.; μ. τοι Xen., etc.; καὶ μ. δή id=Xen.
5. comp. μᾶλλον, more, Hom.; μᾶλλον τοῦ δέοντος more than is right, Plat., Xen., etc.; παντὸς μᾶλλον more than anything, i. e. most certainly, Plat.
6. denoting increase, more and more, still more, Od.; μᾶλλον μᾶλλον, Lat. magis magisque, Eur., Ar.
7. sometimes joined to a second comp., ῥηίτεροι μᾶλλον Il.; μᾶλλον ἆςςον Soph., etc.
8. μᾶλλον δέ, much more, but rather, πολλοί, μᾶλλον δὲ πάντες Dem.
9. in μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ, οὐ seems redundant, ἥκει ὁ Πέρςης οὐδὲν μᾶλλον ἐπ̆ ἡμέας ἢ οὐ ἐπ̆ ὑμέας the Persians have come not more against us, than against you, Hdt.; in this case μᾶλλον ἢ οὐ is preceded by another negat.
10. τὸ μ. καὶ ἧττον, a form of argument, which we call a fortiori, Arist.
11. Sup. μάλιςτα, most, most of all, Hom., etc.; μάλιςτα μέν . . , ἔπειτα δέ . . , first and above all . . , next . . , Soph.:— τί μάλιςτα; what is the precise thing that you want? Plat.; ὡς or ὅτι μ., Lat. quam maxime, id=Plat.; ὅςον μ. Aesch.; ὡς μ. certainly, in answers, Plat.; ὡς δύναμαι μ. id=Plat.; μακρῷ μ. Hdt.
12. ἐς τὰ μάλιςτα for the most part, mostly, id=Hdt.; so, τὰ μάλιςτα Thuc., etc.; also, ἀνὴρ δόκιμος ὁμοῖα τῷ μ. as famous as he that is most [famous], Hdt.
13. ἐν τοῖς μ. especially, as much as any, Thuc., Plat.
14. μάλιςτα may be added to a Sup., ἔχθιςτος μάλιςτα, μάλιςτα φίλτατος Il.; μ. φίλτατος Eur.
15. with numbers, μάλιςτα means about, Thuc., Xen., etc.; so, ἐς μέςον μάλιςτα about the middle, Hdt.; ἥμιςυ μ. Thuc., etc.
16. καὶ μάλιςτα is used in answers, most certainly, Lat. vel maxime, Ar.; so, μ γε Soph.; μ. πάντων Ar.
1. a lock of hair, Anth.
1. one who divines, a seer, prophet, Hom., etc.:—as fem. a prophetess, Trag., Thuc.
2. metaph. a diviner, foreboder, Soph.
3. a kind of grasshopper, Theocr.
1. any stone or rock of crystalline structure, which sparkles (μαρμαίρει) in the light, Hom., etc.; also, πέτρος μάρμαρος Il.
2. marble, Strab.: — a marble tombstone, Theocr.
1. to fight, do battle, τινί with or against another, Il.; ἐπί τινι id=Il.; πρός τινα Eur.
2. to quarrel, wrangle with words, Il.
3. in Pind. to contend, struggle, strive to one's uttermost, Pind.
1. to catch, lay hold of, seize, τινά Hom., etc.: c. gen. partis, μ. τινὰ ποδός to catch one by the foot, Soph., Il.; ποςὶ μ. τινά to overtake, catch a fugitive, Il.: but, χθόνα μάρπτε ποδοῖιν reached ground with his feet, id=Il.: metaph., τὸν ὕπνος ἔμαρψε him sleep overtook, id=Il.; γῆρας ἔμαρψε old age got hold of him, Od.; εἴ ςε μάρψει ψῆφος if the votes shall convict thee, Aesch.; ἄςκοποι πλάκες ἔμαρψαν the unseen land engulphed him, Soph.
1. that with which one chews, the mouth, Od.
2. that which is chewed, a mouthful, morsel, Il., Theocr.
1. a whip, scourge, Hom., Hdt., etc.; ἵππου μ. a horsewhip, Hdt.; ὑπὸ μαςτίγων βαίνειν to advance under the lash, of soldiers flogged on, id=Hdt.; so, τοξεύειν ὑπὸ μ. Xen.
2. metaph. a scourge, plague, Il., Aesch.; διπλῇ μ., τὴν Ἄρης φιλεῖ, i. e. fire and sword, Aesch.; μ. Θεοῦ of sickness, NTest.
1. a large knife or dirk, worn by the heroes of the Iliad next the sword-sheath, Il.: generally, a knife for cutting up meat, Hdt., attic
2. as a weapon, a short sword or dagger, Hdt., etc.: a sabre or bent sword, opp. to the straight sword (ξίφος), Xen.
3. a kind of rasor, μιᾷ μαχαίρᾳ with the rasor's single blade, opp. to διπλῆ μ. scissars, Ar.
1. battle, fight, combat, Hom., etc.; μάχαι ναῶν sea fights, Pind.:—with Verbs, μάχην μάχεςθαι to fight a battle, Il., attic; μάχην ἀρτύνειν, ἐγείρειν, ὀρνύμεν, ὀτρύνειν Il.; μάχην ςυνάπτειν or ςυμβάλλειν τινί to engage battle with one, Aesch., Eur.; also, διὰ μάχης τινὶ ἀπικέςθαι, ἔρχεςθαι, ἥκειν, μολεῖν Hdt., attic; μάχην νικᾶν to win a battle, Xen.:— μάχη τινός battle with an enemy, Il., etc.
2. in pl. quarrels, strifes, wranglings, id=Il., Plat.
3. = a)gw/n, a contest for a prize in the games, Pind.: generally a struggle, Xen.
4. a mode of fighting, way of battle, Hdt., Xen.
5. a field of battle, Xen.
1. to fight, Hom., etc.; c. dat. pers. to fight with, i. e. against, one, id=Hom., etc.; μ. ἀντία and ἐναντίον τινός Il.; ἐπί τινι, πρός τινα id=Il.; but, μ. ςύν τινι with the sanction, under the auspices of a deity, Od., Xen.; κατὰ ςφέας μαχέονται will fight by themselves, Il.; καθ̆ ἕνα μ. to fight one against one, in single combat, Hdt.:— τὸ μήπω μεμαχημένον the force that had not yet come into action, Thuc.
2. generally, to quarrel, wrangle, dispute with one, to oppose, gainsay, τινι Il., Plat.
3. to contend for the mastery in games, πὺξ μάχεςθαι Il.; παγκράτιον μ. Ar.
1. a large room or chamber, esp. the hall, Od.
2. the women's apartment, id=Od.
3. in pl. a house, palace, like Lat. aedes, because the house consisted of many rooms, Hom.; ἐν μεγάροις at home, id=Hom.
4. the oracular chamber in the temple, the sanctuary, shrine, Hdt.; in this sense always, like Lat. aedes, in sg.
1. Radic. sense, opp. to μικρός, ςμικρός, big, great, of men's stature, tall, Hom.; of women, καλή τε μεγάλη τε Od.:—also, great, full-grown, of age as shewn by stature, id=Od., Aesch.
2. vast, high, οὐρανός, ὄρος, πύργος Hom.
3. vast, spacious, wide, πέλαγός, αἰγιαλός, etc., id=Hom.
4. of Degree, great, strong, mighty, of gods, id=Hom., etc.; μεγάλα θεά, of Demeter and Proserpine, Soph.; μέγας ηὐξήθη rose to greatness, Dem.; βαςιλεὺς ὁ μέγας, i. e. the King of Persia, le grand monarque, Hdt.; βαςιλεὺς μέγας Aesch.; ὁ μ. ἐπικληθεὶς Ἀντίοχος the Great, Polyb.
5. great, strong, violent, etc., ἄνεμος, λαῖλαψ Hom.; of properties, passions, etc., id=Hom., etc.
6. of sounds, great, loud, id=Hom., etc.; μὴ φώνει μέγα Soph.;—but, μέγας λόγος a prevailing rumour, Aesch.
7. great, mighty, weighty, important, μέγα ἔργον Od.; μέγα ποιεῖςθαί τι to esteem of great importance, Hdt.; καὶ τὸ μέγιςτον and what is most important, Thuc.
8. in bad sense, over-great, μέγα εἰπεῖν to speak big, λίην μέγα εἰπεῖν Od.; μέγα, μεγάλα φρονεῖν to have high thoughts, be presumptuous, Soph., Eur.; μεγάλα πνεῖν Eur.
9. adv. mega/lws [a^], greatly, mightily, exceedingly, Lat. magnopere, Hom., Aesch.
10. neut. sg. and pl. μέγα and μεγάλα as adv., very much, exceedingly, Hom.; with verbs of sound, aloud, loudly, id=Hom.; so in attic
11. of Space, far, μέγα ἄνευθε far away, Il., etc.:—with comp. and Sup. by far, μέγ̆ ἀμείνων, ἄριςτος, φέρτατος Hom.
12. degrees of Comparison:
13. comp. μείζων (for μεγίων), -ον, gen. -ονος, Hom., attic; ionic μέζων, ον, Hdt.; later also μειζότερος, NTest.:— greater, Hom., etc.; also, too great, too much, more than enough, Plat.:—adv. meizo/nws Eur.; ionic μεζόνως Hdt., etc.; also neut. as adv., μεῖζον ςθένειν Soph., etc.
14. Sup. μέγιςτος, η, ον, Hom.:—neut. as adv., μέγιςτον ἰςχύειν Soph.; with another Sup. μέγιςτον ἔχθιςτος Eur.:—also in pl., χαῖρ̆ ὡς μέγιςτα Soph.
1. greatness, magnitude, size, height, stature, Hom., Hdt., etc.:—of sound, loudness, βοῆς μ. Thuc.:—dat. and acc. are used adverbially, μεγάθεϊ μέγας great in size, Hdt.; μεγάθεϊ μικρός id=Hdt.; so, ποταμοὶ οὐ κατὰ τὸν Νεῖλον ἐόντες μεγάθεα rivers not bearing any proportion to the Nile in size, id=Hdt.
2. of Degree, greatness, magnitude, Eur., Thuc., etc.
3. greatness, i. e. might, power, Eur., Xen.
4. greatness, magnanimity, Plut.
1. to provide for, think on, be mindful of, bethink one of, c. gen., πολέμοιο μεδέςθω Il.; ὡς δείπνοιο μέδηται Od., etc.
2. to plan, contrive, devise something for one, κακὰ Τρώεςςι μέδεςθαι Il.
1. a guardian, lord, Ἀργείων ἡγήτορες ἠδὲ μέδοντες leaders and guardians of the Argives, Hom.; μέδων ἁλός lord of the sea, Od.; of Bacchus, ὃ μέδεις Δηοῦς ἐν κόλποις Soph.
1. wine, mead, Hom.
1. the ceiling of a room, or (rather) the main beam which bears the ceiling, Od.; in Od. 19. 544, the end of this beam outside the house.
2. generally, a roof, Hom.
3. a house, hall, Pind., Eur.; mostly in pl., like Lat. tecta, Trag.
1. black, swart, Hom., etc.; μέλαν ὕδωρ of water drawn from a deep well (cf. μελάνυδρος), Od.
2. black, dark, murky, ἕςπερος, νύξ Hom., etc.
3. metaph. black, dark, θάνατος, Κήρ, the origin of the metaphor being seen in such phrases as μέλαν νέφος θανάτοιο, Hom.
4. dark, obscure, Anth.
5. comp. μελάντερος, η, ον, blacker, very black, Il.; cf. ἠύ̈τε.
6. μέλαν, v. sub voc.
1. Pass., only in pres., to melt, λέβης κνίςην μελδόμενος a pot filled with melting fat, Il.
1. idle, useless, Lat. irritus, Hom.: neut. as adv. in vain, Il.
2. unhappy, miserable, ὦ μέλεοι, τί κάθηςθε; Orac. ap. Hdt.; μέλεος γάμων unhappy in marriage, Aesch., etc.; μ. ἔργα, μ. θάνατος id=Aesch.
1. Lat. mel, honey, Hom., etc.
1. a bee, Lat. apis, Hom., etc.
2. one of the priestesses of Delphi, Pind.
3. = me/li, honey, Soph.
1. to think of doing, intend to do, to be about to do, with inf., mostly inf. fut., τάχ̆ ἔμελλε δώςειν he was just going to give, Il.; μέλλεις ἀφαιρήςεςθαι ἄεθλον thou thinkest to strip me of the prize, id=Il.; often with οὐκ ἄρα, as, οὐκ ἄρ̆ ἔμελλες λήξειν; did you not think you might stop? could you not stop? Od., etc.; to be about to do (on compulsion), to be destined to do or to be, τὰ οὐ τελέεςθαι ἔμελλον which were not to be accomplished, Il.; μέλλεν οἶκος ἀφνειὸς ἔμμεναι the house was destined to be wealthy, Od.; εἰ ἐμέλλομεν ἀνοίςειν if we were able to refer, Plat.
2. to express a certainty, μέλλω ἀπέχθεςθαι Διί it must be that I am hated by Zeus, Il.; μέλλω ἀθανάτους ἀλιτέςθαι I must have sinned against the immortals, Od.
3. to mark a probability, when it may be rendered to be like to do or be, or expressed by an adv., τὰ δὲ μέλλετ̆ ἀκουέμεν belike ye have heard it, Hom.; μέλλεις ἴδμεναι thou art like to know of it, Od.; ἐμέλλετ̆ ἆρα πάντες ἀναςείειν βοήν aye, all of you were like to raise (i. e. I thought you would raise) a cry of submission, Ar.
4. to mark mere intention, to be always going to do without ever doing, and so to delay, put off, hesitate, scruple, mostly with inf. pres., τί μέλλομεν χωρεῖν; Soph.; often followed by μὴ οὐ or μή, τί μέλλομεν μὴ πράςςειν; Eur.
5. μέλλω often stands without its inf., τὸν υἱὸν ἑόρακας αὐτοῦ; Answ. τί δ̆ οὐ μέλλω; why shouldn't I have seen him? i. e. be sure I have, Xen.; οὐδὲν ἐπάθετε οὐδὲ ἐμελλήςατε (sc. παθεῖν) Thuc.:—so, when μέλλω seems to govern an acc., an inf. is omitted, τὸ μέλλειν ἀγαθά (sc. πράςςειν) the expectation of good things, Eur.: hence
6. the part. μέλλων without an inf. (where εἶναι or γίγνεςθαι may be supplied), ὁ μ. χρόνος the future time, Pind., Aesch.; esp. in neut., τὸ μέλλον, τὰ μέλλοντα things to come, the event, issue, future, Aesch., etc.:—so in Mid., τὰ ἰςχυρότατα ἐλπιζόμενα μέλλεται your strongest pleas are hopes in futurity, Thuc.
7. μέλλομαι as Pass., ὡς μὴ μέλλοιτο τὰ δέοντα that the necessary steps might not be delayed, Xen.; ἐν ὅςωι ταῦτα μέλλεται while these delays are going on, Dem.
1. a limb, Hom., etc.; μελέων ἔντοςθε within my bodily frame, Aesch.; κατὰ μέλεα limb by limb, like μελεϊςτί, Hdt.
2. a song, strain, Hhymn., etc.:—esp. of lyric poetry, ἐν μέλεϊ ποιέειν to write in lyric strain, Hdt.; μέλη, τά, lyric poetry, the choral songs, opp. to the dialogue, Plat.
3. the music to which a song is set, the tune, id=Plat.; ἐν μέλει in tune, id=Plat.; παρὰ μέλος, out of tune, id=Plat.
1. neuter, with perf. μέμηλα, to be an object of care or thought to anyone, c. dat. pers., ἀνθρώποιςι μέλω I am a source of care to men, i. e. am well known to them, Od.; so, Ἀργὼ πᾶςι μέλουςα id=Od.; νερτέροιςι μέλω Eur., etc.
2. μή τοι ταῦτα μελόντων let not these things be a care to thee, Hom.; πόλεμος ἄνδρεςςι μελήςει Il.; ὧι τόςςα μέμηλε to whom so great things are a care, Od., etc.:—an inf. often stands as nom., οὐκ ἔμελέν μοι ταῦτα μεταλλῆςαι id=Od.
3. in attic 3rd sg. is commonly used impers. with the object in gen., and pers. in dat., ὧι μέλει μάχας to whom there is care for the battle, who careth for it, Aesch.; Ζηνὶ τῶν ςῶν μέλει πόνων Eur., etc.;—also, μέλει μοι περί τινος Hdt., attic; ὑπέρ τινος Dem.
4. absol., with a neg., οὐδέν μοι μέλει I care not, Ar.
5. μέλον ἔςτι periphr. for μέλει, as, ἐςτί τι μέλον τινί Soph.; τοῦτο ἴςαςιν ἐμοὶ μεμεληκός Xen.:—also absol., μέλον γέ ςοι since you have thought about it, Plat.
6. Mid. is used by Poets like Act., to be an object of care, ἐμοὶ δέ κε ταῦτα μελήςεται Il.; τἀνθάδ̆ ἂν μέλοιτό μοι what remains should be a care to you, Soph., etc.; rarely impers., μέλεταί μοί τινος Theocr.
7. in epic Poets are found perf. and plup. pass. μέμβλεται, μέμβλετο, shortd. for μεμέληται, μεμέλητο, with pres. and imperf. sense, οὐκέτι μέμβλετ̆ Ἀχιλλεύς (for μέλει) Achilles cares no longer for it, Il.; μέμβλετο οἱ τεῖχος (for ἔμελε) the wall was a care to him, id=Il.:—the regul. perf. occurs in later Poets, Φοίβωι μεμελήμεθα Anth.; 2 and 3rd sg. plup. μεμέληςο, -ητο, id=Anth., Theocr.
8. trans., c. gen. of persons, to care for, take care of, take an interest in a thing, πλούτοιο μεμηλώς busied with riches, Il.; πολέμοιο μεμηλώς id=Il.; θεοὶ τῶν ἀδίκων μέλουςιν Eur.:—absol. to be anxious, μέλει κέαρ Aesch., etc.
9. Mid. μέλομαι, to care for, take care of, c. gen., Trag.; so in aor1 pass., τάφου μεληθείς having provided for the burial, Soph.:—also μεληθέν, as Pass. cared for, Anth.; and perf. part. μεμελημένος, id=Anth.
1. to wish eagerly, strive, yearn, desire, c. inf., Hom., etc.: c. gen. to long for, be eager for:—often also with an adv., πῆ μέματον; whither so fast? Il.; πρόςςω μεμαυῖαι pressing forward, id=Il.; absol. in part., ἔβη μεμαώς he strode on hastily, eagerly, id=Il.; ἐν πέτρᾳ μεμαώς, of a fisher, expectant, Theocr.
2. to be bent on doing, to purpose, μεμάαςιν αὖθι μένειν Il., etc.
3. Mid. in doric inf. μῶςθαι, part. μώμενος: — to seek after, covet, c. acc., Theogn., etc.; c. inf. or absol., Aesch.
1. to wish eagerly, to yearn, strive, be fain, to do a thing, c. inf., Hom.:—absol., διχθὰ δέ μοι κραδίη μέμονε my heart yearneth with a twofold wish, Il.; μέμονεν ὅγε ἶςα θεοῖςι he puts forth spirit equal with the gods, id=Il.; τί μέμονας; what wishest thou? Aesch.
1. Particle, used to shew that the word or clause with which it stands answers to a following word or clause, which is introduced by δέ. Generally, μέν and δέ may be rendered on the one hand, on the other hand, or as well . . , as, while or whereas, but it is often necessary to leave μέν untranslated.
2. μέν is not always answered by δέ, but by other equiv. Particles, as ἀλλά, ἀτάρ or αὐτάρ, αὖ, αὖθις, αὖτε; also πρῶτον μέν, εἶτα Soph.; πρῶτον μέν, ἔπειτα id=Soph.; πρῶτον μέν, μετὰ τοῦτο Xen.
3. the answering clause with δέ is sometimes left to be supplied, ὡς μὲν λέγουςι as indeed they say, (but as I believe not), Eur.; this isolated μέν is often a Pron., ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα I for my part, (whatever others may say), Xen.; οὗτος μέν Plat.
4. μέν was orig. the same as μήν, and like it is used in protestations, καί μοι ὄμοςςον, ἦ μέν μοι ἀρήξειν and swear to me, that surely thou wilt assist me, Il.
5. μέν before other Particles: μὲν ἄρα, μέν ῥα accordingly, and so, Hom., etc.
6. μέν γε, used much like γοῦν, at all events, at any rate, Ar., etc.
7. μὲν δή to express certainty, Soph., etc.
8. μὲν οὖν or μενοῦν, a strengthd. form of οὖν, so then, id=Soph.; in replies, it affirms strongly, πάνυ μὲν οὖν Plat., etc.; also it corrects a statement, nay rather, like Lat. imo, imo vero, μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head, Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν . . , nay on mine, Ar., etc.; μὲν οὖν δή Soph.:—so in NTest., μενοῦνγε, to begin a sentence, yea rather, Lat. quin imo.
9. μέν τοι or μέντοι,
10. conjunctive, yet, but however, nevertheless, tamen, vero, Aesch., etc.
11. Adverbial, of course, certainly, Plat., etc.; with an imperat., to enforce the command, τουτὶ μέντοι ςὺ φυλάττου only take heed . . , Ar.; strengthd. μέντοι γε Xen.:—in narrative, etc., to add something, καὶ φυλάξαςθαι μέντοι . . , and of course to take care . . , id=Xen.
1. might, force, strength, prowess, courage, Hom., etc.
2. strength, as implying life, life itself, Il.: life-blood, Soph.
3. rage, passion, μένος ἔλλαβε θυμόν Il.; μένεος φρένες πίμπλαντο id=Il.; μένεα πνείοντες id=Il.:— μένει in dat. violently, furiously, Aesch.
4. the bent, intent, purpose of any one, Τρώων μ. αἰὲν ἀτάςθαλον their bent is aye to folly, Il.
5. μένος is also used in periphr., ἱερὸν μένος Ἀλκινόοιο, i. e. Alcinous himself, Od.; μένος Ἀτρείδαο, Ἕκτορος, etc., Il.
1. Lat. maneo, to stay stand fast, abide, in battle, Hom., Aesch.; μ. κατὰ χώραν, of soldiers, Thuc.
2. to stay at home, stay where one is, not stir, Il.; μ. εἴςω δόμων Aesch.; κατ̆ οἶκον Eur., etc.:—but, μ. ἀπό τινος to stay away from, Il.
3. to stay, tarry, Hom., etc.
4. of things, to be lasting, remian, last, stand, ςτήλη μένει ἔμπεδον Il., etc.
5. of condition, to remain as one was, of a maiden, Il.; ἢ μείνωςιν ὅρκοι if oaths hold good, Eur.; μ. ἐπὶ τούτων to remain contented with.., Dem.
6. to abide by an opinion, conviction, etc., ἐπὶ τῶι ἀληθεῖ Plat.
7. impers. c. inf., it remains for one to do, ἀνθρώποιςι κατθανεῖν μένει Eur.
8. trans. to await, expect, wait for, c. acc., Il.; so, like Lat. manere hostem, Hom., etc.:—so, also c. acc. et inf., ἦ μένετε Τρῶας ςχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν; wait ye for the Trojans to come nigh? Il.; μένον δ̆ ἐπὶ ἕςπερον ἐλθεῖν they waited for evening's coming on, Od.; μένω δ̆ ἀκοῦςαι I wait, i. e. long, to hear, Aesch.
1. causing anxiety, mischievous, baneful, μέρμερα μητίςαςθαι to meditate mischief, Il.; μέρμερα ῥέζειν id=Il.; πολέμοιο μ. ἔργα id=Il.
2. of persons, anxious, peevish, morose, Plat.
1. only in pl. as epithet of men, dividing the voice, i. e. articulate-speaking, endowed, with speech, Hom., Hes.:—hence μέροπες as Subst. = a)/nqrwpoi, Aesch., Eur.
1. the inner court, behind the αὐλή, where the cattle were put at night, Il.; of the cave of the Cyclops, Od.
2. in attic, μέταυλος (with or without θύρα), the door between the αὐλή and the inner part of the house, Ar.; θύραι μέςαυλοι Eur.
1. middle, in the middle, Lat. medius, Hom., etc.; μέςον ςάκος the middle or centre of the shield, Il.; ἐν αἰθέρι μέςῳ in mid air, Soph.; with the Art. following, διὰ μέςης τῆς πόλεως, ἐν μ. τῇ χώρᾳ Xen.
2. with a Verb, ἔχεται μέςος by the middle, by the waist, proverb. from the wrestling-ring, Ar.
3. μ. δικαςτής ͂ μεςίτης, a judge between two, an umpire, Thuc.
4. ὁ μέςος (sc. δάκτυλος) Plat.
5. of Time, μέςον ἦμαρ mid- day, Hom.; μέςαι νύκτες Hdt.; also, μέςον τῆς ἡμέρας id=Hdt.
6. middling, moderate, μέςος ἀνήρ a man of middle rank, id=Hdt.; μ. πολίτης Thuc.; also οἱ διὰ μέςου the moderate or neutral party, id=Thuc.
7. middling, i. e. middling good, Plat.
8. μέςον epic μέςςον, ου, as Subst. the middle, the space between, ἐν μέςςῳ, for ἐν μεταιχμίῳ, Il.; or without ἐν, ἔνθορε μέςςῳ he leaped into the middle, id=Il.; οἱ ἐν μ. λόγοι the intervening words, Soph.; τὰ ἐν μ. what went between, id=Soph.; ἐν μ. ἡμῶν καὶ βαςιλέως between us and him, Xen.; ἐν μ. νυκτῶν at mid night, id=Xen.; ἆθλα κείμενα ἐν μέςῳ prizes set up for all to contend for, Dem.;—so in pl., κεῖτο δ̆ ἄρ̆ ἐν μέςςοιςι Il.
9. ἐς μέςον, ἐς μ. ἀμφοτέρων Hom.; ἐς μ. τιθέναι τιςί τι to set a prize before all, for all to contest, Lat. in medio ponere, Il.; ἐς τὸ μ. τιθέναι to propose, bring forward in public, Hdt.; ἐς τὸ μ. λέγειν to speak before all, id=Hdt.; ἐς μ. Πέρςῃςι καταθεῖναι τὰ πρήγματα to give up the power in common to all, id=Hdt.
10. ἐκ τοῦ μέςου καθέζεςθαι to keep clear of a contest, i. e. remain neutral, id=Hdt.
11. διὰ μέςου = metacu/, between, id=Hdt., Thuc.; and of Time, meanwhile,Hdt., Thuc.
12. ἀνὰ μέςον midway between, Theocr.
13. κατὰ μέςςον, ͂ ἐν μέςῳ, Il.
14. τὸ μέςον, also, the difference, average, Hdt., Thuc.
15. the middle state or mean, Lat. mediocritas, Arist.; παντὶ μέςῳ τὸ κράτος θεὸς ὤπαςεν Aesch.
16. adv. me/son, epic μέςςον, in the middle, Hom.: c. gen. between, οὐρανοῦ μ. χθονός τε Eur.
17. in attic μέςως, moderately, id=Eur.; καὶ μέςως even a little, Thuc.; μέςως βεβιωκέναι in a middle way, i. e. neither well nor ill, Plat.
18. irreg. comp. μεςαίτερος (cf. μεςαῖος) id=Plat.; Sup. μεςαίτατος Hdt., etc.
1. midmost, Il.; attic μέςατος, Ar.
1. until, c. gen., μέςφ̆ ἠοῦς Il.; with adv., μ. ἐχθές till to-morrow, Theocr.
1. to go between or among others, Il.
2. to go after or behind, follow, id=Il., Xen.
3. c. acc. to go after, go in quest of, pursue, Hdt., attic
4. to pursue with vengeance, Aesch., Thuc.; δίκας μ. τινα (where δίκας is acc. cogn.), to execute judgment upon one, Aesch.
5. to pursue, go about a business, Eur.
6. μ. τινὰ θυςίαις to approach one with sacrifices, Hdt.: c. acc. et inf., ἕνα ἕκαςτον μετῄεςαν μὴ ἐπιτρέπειν besought each one not to permit, Thuc.
7. to pass over to another, Ar.
1. that by which anything is measured:
2. a measure or rule, Il.; ἄνδρα πάντων χρημάτων μ. εἶναι is a measure of all things, Plat.
3. a measure of content, whether solid or liquid, δῶκεν μέθυ, χίλια μέτρα Il.; εἴκοςι μέτρα ἀλφίτου Od.
4. measure, length, size, μέτρα κελεύθου the length of the way, Od.; μέτρον ἑξήκοντα ςταδίους Thuc.; μέτρον ἥβης full measure, i. e. the prime, of youth, Il.; μέτρα μορφῆς one's size and shape, Eur.
5. due measure or limit, proportion, μέτρα φυλάςςεςθαι Hes.; κατὰ μέτρον id=Hes. ὑπὲρ μέτρον Theogn.; πλέον μέτρου Plat.;— μέτρῷ μετρίως, Pind.
6. metre, opp. to μέλος (tune)and ῥυθμός (time), Ar., Plat.
7. a verse, Plat.
1. the space between the eyes, the brow, forehead, Hom., etc.
2. the front or face of a wall or building, Hdt.: the front of an army or fleet, Aesch., Xen.; ἐπὶ μετώπου or ἐν μετώπῳ in line, opp. to ἐπὶ κέρως or κέρας (in column), Xen.
1. to a given point, even so far,
2. before a prep. μέχρι πρός, Lat. usque ad, Plat.:—so before Advs., μ. δεῦρο τοῦ λόγου id=Plat.; μ. τότε Thuc.
3. serving as a prep. c. gen. even to, as far as,
4. of Place, μέχρι θαλάςςης Il.; μ. τῆς πόλεως Thuc.
5. of Time, τέο μέχρις; i. e. τινός μέχρι χρόνου; Lat. quousque? how long? Il.; so, μέχρι οὗ; μέχρι ὅςου; Hdt.; with the Art., τὸ μ. ἐμεῦ up to my time, id=Hdt.
6. of Measure or Degree, μ. ςοῦ δικαίου so far as consists with right, Thuc.; μ. τοῦ δυνατοῦ Plat.
7. with Numbers, up to, about, nearly, sometimes without altering the case of the Subst., μέχρι τριάκοντα ἔτη Aeschin.
8. in ionic, μέχρι οὗ is sometimes used like the simple μέχρι, μέχρι οὗ ὀκτὼ πύργων Hdt.
9. as a Conjunct. so long as, until, μέχρι μὲν ὥρεον, with δέ in apodosi, id=Hdt.; μ. ςκότος ἐγένετο Xen.
10. μέχρι ἄν foll. by the subj., id=Xen.; so without ἄν, μ. τοῦτο ἴδωμεν Hdt.
1. to be minded, to intend, resolve, Il.; ἅςς̆ ἂν μηδοίμην what counsels I should take, Od.
2. c. acc. rei, to plan, plot, contrive, κακὰ μήδεςθαί τινι to scheme misery for him, Il.; μήςατό μοι ὄλεθρον Od.:—also c. acc. pers. et rei, κακὰ μήςατ̆ Ἀχαιούς he wrought them mischief, Hom.; so ἐπ̆ ἀνδρὶ τοῦτ̆ ἐμήςατο ςτύγος Aesch.
3. to invent, τέχνας id=Aesch.; τί δὲ μήςωμαι; what shall I attempt? id=Aesch.
1. tallest, Hom.
2. greatest, Soph., Eur.
3. longest, in point of Time, Xen.:—neut. μήκιςτον as adv., in the highest degree, Hhymn.; also, τί νύ μοι μήκιςτα γένηται; what is to become of me in the long run, at last? Od.
4. farthest, ὅτι δύνᾳ μάκιςτον as far as possible, Soph.; μήκιςτον ἀπελαύνειν to drive as far off as possible, Xen.
1. the poppy, Il., etc.
1. the moon, Il., Aesch.
1. a cause of wrath, μή τοί τι θεῶν μήνιμα γένωμαι lest I be the cause of bringing wrath upon thee, Hom.
2. guilt, blood-guiltiness, Plat.
1. a cord, line, string, Il.: a fishing-line, Theocr.
1. an adviser, counsellor, Hom.; Ἀθηναῖοι μήςτωρες ἀϋτῆς authors of the battle-din, Il.; κρατερὸν μήςτωρα φόβοιο, of Diomede, id=Il.
1. and not, mostly doubled, μήτε . . μήτε . . , neither . . nor, Hom., etc.
1. a mother, Hom., etc.; of animals, a dam, id=Hom.; ἀπό or ἐκ μητρός from one's mother's womb, Pind., Aesch.
2. also of lands, μήτηρ μήλων, θηρῶν mother of flocks, of game, Il.; of Earth, γῆ πάντων μ. Hes.; γῆ μήτηρ Aesch.; ὦ γαῖα μῆτερ Eur.:—also ἡ Μάτηρ alone for Δημήτηρ, Hdt.
3. of one's native land, μᾶτερ ἐμά, Θήβα Pind., etc.
4. poet. as the source of events, μ. ἀέθλων, of Olympia, id=Pind.; night is the mother of day, Aesch.; the grape of wine, id=Aesch.
1. a maternal uncle, Il., Hdt., etc.
2. any relation by the mother's side, Pind., Eur.
3. = mhtropa/twr, Pind.
1. promiscuously, confusedly, Od.; c. dat., μίγδα θεοῖς among the gods, Il.
1. like Lat. misceo, to mix, mix up, mingle, properly of liquids, οἶνον καὶ ὕδωρ Hom.; μ. τί τινι to mix one thing with another, id=Hom., etc.
2. generally, to join, bring together.
3. in hostile sense, μῖξαι χεῖράς τε μένος τε to join battle hand to hand, Il.; Ἄρη μίξουςιν Soph.
4. to bring into connexion with, make acquainted with, ἄνδρας μιςγέμεναι κακότητι to bring men to misery, Od.; reversely, πότμον μῖξαί τινι to bring death upon him, Pind.
5. Pass. to be mixed up with, mingled among, προμάχοιςιν ἐμίχθη Il.; ἐώλπει μίξεςθαι ξενίηι hoped to be bound by hospitable ties, Od.:—also, to mingle with, hold intercourse with, live with, id=Il., Aesch.: absol. in pl., of several persons, to hold intercourse, Od.
6. to be brought into contact with, κάρη κονίηιςιν ἐμίχθη his head was rolled in the dust, Hom.; ἐν κονίηιςι μιγῆναι Il.; κλιςίηιςι μιγῆναι to reach, get at them, id=Il.; μίςγεςθαι ἐς Ἀχαιούς to go to join them, id=Il.; μίςγεςθαι ὑπὲρ ποταμοῖο to cross the river, id=Il.; μίςγεςθαι φύλλοις, ςτεφάνοις to come to, i. e. win, the crown of victory, Pind.
7. in hostile sense, to mix in fight, Il.
8. to have intercourse with, to be united to, of men and women, Hom.; φιλότητι and ἐν φιλότητι μιγῆναι id=Hom.; εὐνῆι ἔμικτο Od.
1. to stay, stand fast, in battle Il.
2. to stay, tarry, id=Il.
3. of things, to remain, Od.: also to be left for one, Aesch.
4. c. acc. to await, wait for, Il., etc.:—impers., μίμνει παθεῖν τὸν ἔρξαντα it awaits the doer to suffer, Aesch.
1. a little, very little, Hom.; of Time, a short time, id=Hom.; μίνυνθα δέ οἱ γένεθ̆ ὁρμή but shortlived was his effort, id=Hom.
1. a thread of the warp, Lat. tela, Il.;— κατὰ μίτον thread by thread, i. e. in an unbroken series, Polyb.
2. the string of a lyre, Anth.
1. a belt or girdle, worn round the waist beneath the cuirass (whereas the ζωςτήρ went over it), Il.
2. = zw/nh, the maiden-zone, Theocr., Mosch., etc.
3. a girdle worn by wrestlers, Anth.
4. a head-band worn by Greek women to tie up their hair, a snood, Eur.
5. the victor's chaplet at the games, Pind.; Λυδία μίτρα a Lydian garland (i. e. an ode in Lydian measure), id=Pind.
6. a Persian head-dress, turban, Hdt.
1. to rage, be furious, Hom.; ὁ μανείς the madman, Soph.: to be mad with wine, Od.:—of Bacchic frenzy, Il., Soph.; ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ μ. to be driven mad by the god, Hdt.; τὸ μαίνεςθαι madness, Soph.; πλεῖν ἢ μαίνομαι more than madness, Ar.:—c. acc. cogn., μεμηνὼς οὐ ςμικρὰν νόςον mad with no slight disease, Aesch.
2. of fire, to rage, riot, Il.; so, μαινομένη ἐλπίς Orac. ap. Hdt.; ἔρις Aesch., etc.
3. the aor1 act. ἔμηνα, in Causal sense, to madden, enrage, Eur., Xen.
1. to seek:
2. absol. to endeavour, strive, Od., Pind., Aesch.
3. c. acc. to search, examine, Od.
4. to seek after, seek for, τι Pind.: c. inf. to seek to do, id=Pind., Soph.
1. to be very eager, pant or quiver with eagerness, Il.; c. gen., χεῖρα μαιμῶςαν φόνου a hand eager for murder, Soph.
1. raving, frantic, Eur.
2. as Subst. a mad woman, Il.: esp. a Bacchante, Bacchanal, Maenad, Soph.; of the Furies, Aesch.; of Cassandra, Eur.
3. act. causing madness, Pind.
1. of Space,
2. in point of length, long, Hom., etc.; ἐπὶ τὰ μακρότερα towards the longer sides, i. e. lengthwise, Hdt.
3. in point of height, tall, Hom., e. g. μακρὸς Ὄλυμπος, μ. δένδρεα, τείχεα, etc.:—also reversely, like Lat. altus, deep, Il.
4. in point of distance, long, far, far distant, id=Il., Hdt.; τὰ μακρότατα the remotest parts, Hdt.:—often in neut. pl. as adv., μακρὰ βιβάς far-striding, Il.; also, μακρὸν ἀϋτεῖν, βοᾶν to shout so as to be heard afar, Hom.; so, μακρότερον ςφενδονᾶν to sling to a greater distance, Xen.
5. generally, large in size or in degree, large, great, Aesch., Soph.
6. dat. μακρῷ is used to strengthen the comp. and Sup. by far, Lat. longe, μακρῷ πρῶτος, μ. μάλιςτα Hdt.; ἀςθενεςτέρα μ. Aesch., etc.
7. of Time, long, long-lasting, long, Od., Hdt., etc.; οὐ μακροῦ χρόνου for no long time, Soph.; τὸν μ. βίον Aesch.; μακρότερος μηνί by a month, Hdt.:—so, μακρὸν ἐέλδωρ a long-cherished wish, Od.
8. long, tedious, Pind., Soph.
9. neut. with Preps. in adverb. sense, διὰ μακροῦ (sc. χρόνου) after a long time, long delayed, Eur.; οὐ διὰ μακροῦ not long after, Thuc.:—but, διὰ μακρῶν at great length, Plat.: —οὐκ ἐς μακρόν for no long time, Pind.: —ἐπὶ μακρόν far, a long way, Xen.; ὅςον ἐπὶ μακρότατον or ὅςον μ. as far as possible, Hdt.; ἐπὶ μακρότερον yet more, Thuc.
10. regul. comp. μακρότερος Od., Hdt., etc.; Sup. μακρότατος Il., etc.:—irreg. comp. μάςςων, Sup. μήκιςτος, v. sub vocc.
11. adv. makrw=s, at great length, slowly, Polyb.
1. Lat. mollis, soft, Hom., etc.; μ. νειός a fresh-ploughed fallow, Il.; μ. λειμών a soft grassy meadow, Od.; μ. παρειαί Soph.; ςώματα Xen.: —adv., καθίζου μαλακῶς sit softly, i. e. on a cushion, Ar.
2. of things not subject to touch, soft, gentle, θάνατος, ὕπνος Hom.; μαλακῶς εὕδειν to sleep softly, Od.; μαλακὰ ἔπεα, μ. λόγοι soft, fair words, Hom.; μ. βλέμμα tender, youthful looks, Ar.; light, mild, ζημία Thuc.
3. in bad sense, of persons, soft, yielding, remiss, id=Thuc., Xen.:—adv., μαλακωτέρως ἀνθήπτετο attacked him somewhat feebly, Thuc.: —also faint-hearted, effeminate, cowardly, id=Thuc., Xen.; μαλακὸν οὐδὲν ἐνδιδόναι not to give in from want of spirit, not to flag a whit, Hdt., Ar.
1. mighty, fierce, devouring, ravening, of fire, Il., etc.
2. metaph. fiery, glowing, vehement, furious, Pind., Trag.
1. soft, Pind., attic:—adv., μαλθακῶς κατακεῖςθαι to recline on soft cushions, Ar.
2. metaph. faint-hearted, remiss, cowardly, Il., attic:—also weak, feeble, Ar.
3. in good sense, soft, gentle, mild, Theogn., attic:—adv. gently, Aesch., Soph.; neut. as adv., Aesch.
1. to learn, esp. by inquiry; and in aor. to have learnt, i. e. to understand, know, Od., attic; ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡβᾶι τοῖς γέρουςιν εὖ μαθεῖν Aesch.; οἱ μανθάνοντες, learners, pupils, Xen.: —c. inf. to learn to do, learn how to do, Il., Aesch., etc.
2. to perceive by the senses, remark, notice, Hdt., Xen.:—with a part., μάνθανε ὤν, like ἴςθι ὤν, know that you are, Soph., etc.
3. to understand, comprehend, Aesch., etc.:—often in Dialogue, μανθάνεις; Lat. tenes? d'ye see?— Answ., πάνυ μανθάνω, perfectly! Ar.
4. in attic, τί μαθών; often begins a question, having learnt what? for what new reason? wherefore? id=Ar., etc.
1. to divine, prophesy, presage, Hom., etc.; c. acc. cogn., μαντεῖα μ. Aesch.
2. generally, to divine, presage, augur, forbode, surmise, of any presentiment, Plat., etc.; c. gen., μαντευςόμεςθα τἀνδρὸς ὡς ὀλωλότος Aesch.
3. of animals, to get scent of a thing, Theocr.
4. to consult an oracle, seek divinations, Hdt., attic; ταῦτα καὶ μ. this is the question I ask the oracle, Eur.
5. aor1 and perf. pass. in pass. sense, ἐμαντεύθη an oracle was given, Hdt.; τὰ μεμαντευμένα the words of the oracles, id=Hdt.
1. the art of divination, Il., Pind.
1. to put out or quench fire, Hhymn.:—Pass. to die away, go slowly out, of fire, Il.
2. metaph., ὄψεις μ. to quench the orbs of sight, Soph.; νόςος μαραίνει με makes me waste away, wears me out, Aesch.; of time, πάντα χρόνος μαραίνει Soph.: —Pass. to die away, waste away, decay, wither, Eur., Thuc.; αἷμα μαραίνεται χερός blood dies away from my hand, Aesch.; of a river, to dry up, Hdt.
1. to rage furiously, Il.
1. flashing, sparkling, glistening, gleaming, of metals, Il., Hes.; also, ἃλς μαρμαρέη the many-twinkling sea, Il.
2. of marble, Anth.
1. to flash, sparkle, of arms, Il.; ὄμματα μαρμαίροντα the sparkling eyes of Aphrodite, Il.; νύκτα ἄςτροιςι μαρμαίρουςαν Aesch.
1. to whip, flog, Il., Theocr.: c. inf., μάςτιξεν δ̆ ἐλάαν (v. e)lau/nw I. 2), Hom.
1. to whip, scourge, Il.:—Mid., οὐρῇ πλευρὰς μαςτίεται [the lion] lashing his sides with his tail, Il.
1. one of the breasts, δεξιτερὸν παρὰ μαζόν Il.; βάλε ςτέρνον ὑπὲρ μαζοῖο struck his chest above the breast, id=Il.; βάλε ςτῆθος παρὰ μαζόν id=Il.
2. esp. a woman's breast, μαζὸν ἀνέςχε, of Hecuba mourning over Hector, id=Il.; παὶ̈ς δέ οἱ ἦν ἐπὶ μαζῷ Od.; προςέςχε μαςτόν, of the mother, Aesch.; of animals, the udder, Eur.
3. metaph. a round hill, knoll (French mamelon), Pind., Xen.
4. a piece of wool fastened to the edge of nets, Xen.
1. to be idle, to dally, loiter, linger, Il.; οὐ ματᾷ τοὖργον the work lags not, Aesch.; ματᾶν ὁδῷ to loiter by the way, id=Aesch.; φροίμιον ματᾷ is in vain, id=Aesch.
1. to seek, search, Il., Soph.
2. c. acc. pers. to seek after, seek for, search after, properly of hounds casting for the scent, Aesch.; then generally, id=Aesch., Soph., etc.
3. c. inf. to seek or strive to do, Pind., Soph.
4. c. acc. loci, to search, explore, Theocr.
1. warlike, Il., Anth.
1. a fighter, warrior, Hom.: doric adj., μαχα_τάς, warlike, Pind.
1. lewdness, lust, wantonness, Il., Hdt.
1. vain, false, Eur., Theocr.: useless, worthless, Anth.:—adv. mayidi/ws, = ma/y, Hom.
1. soothing things, pleasing gifts, Il.
2. in sg., a charm, Anth.
1. gentle, kind, like μειλίχιος, Hom., etc.; c. gen., Ἄρτεμις μ. ὠδίνων soother of pangs, Anth.; τὸ μείλιχον gentleness, Theogn.; τὰ μείλιχα joys, Pind.
1. a month, Hom., etc. In early times the month was divided into two parts, the beginning and the waning (μὴν ἱςτάμενος and μὴν φθίνων), Od.: the Attic division was into three decads, μὴν ἱςτάμενος (also ἀρχόμενος or εἰςιών), μεςῶν, and φθίνων (or ἀπιών): the last division was reckoned backwards, μηνὸς τετάρτῃ φθίνοντος on the fourth day from the end of the month, Thuc.; Μαιμακτηριῶνος δεκάτῃ ἀπιόντος, i. e. on the 21st, ap. Dem.; but sometimes forwards, as, τῇ τρίτῃ ἐπ̆ εἰκάδι the three-and twentieth, etc.:— ἐκείνου τοῦ μηνός in the course of that month, Xen.:— κατὰ μῆνα monthly, Ar.; so τοῦ μηνὸς ἑκάςτου id=Ar.; or τοῦ μηνός alone, by the month, id.
2. = mhni/skos, id=Ar.
1. less, Aesch., etc.: older, Soph.:—neut. μεῖον, as adv., less, μ. ἰςχύςειν Διός Aesch.:— μειόνως ἔχειν to be of less value, Soph.
1. high-minded, Hom., Hes.
1. with a great name, giving glory, Soph., Ar.
1. to look on a thing as too great, to grudge one a thing as too great for him, Il.; so c. inf., μηδὲ μεγήρῃς ἡμῖν τελευτῆςαι τάδε ἔργα grudge us not the accomplishment of these works, Od.; c. acc. et inf., μνηςτῆρας οὔτι μεγαίρω ἔρδειν I complain not that the suitors should do, id=Od.
2. c. dat. pers. to feel a grudge towards, Il.
3. absol., ἢ πύξ, ἠὲ πάλῃ, ἢ καὶ ποςίν, οὔτι μεγαίρω I care not (which), Od.
4. c. gen. rei, βιότοιο μεγήρας grudging him the life [of Antilochus], Il.; οὐ μ. τοῦδέ ςοι δωρήματος Aesch.
5. Pass. to be envied, Anth.
1. with great hollows, cavernous, of the sea, Od. (cf. βαθυκήτης): of a ship, with large hull, Il.; of a dolphin, with huge maw, id=Il.
1. great-hearted, heroic, Hom.
1. Pass. to be exalted, to bear oneself proudly, Hom.
1. far and wide, over a vast space, Hom.
2. = mega/lws, Hdt. 2. also = megaloprepw=s, id=Hdt.
1. a guardian, Ζεὺς Ἴδηθεν μεδέων guardian of Ida, Il.; δελφίνων μ., of Poseidon, Ar.
2. fem. μεδέουςα, of Aphrodite, Hhymn.; of Mnemosyne, Hes., etc.
1. to leap or rush upon, c. dat., Il.
2. to rush after, in a race, id=Il.
1. to follow after, follow closely, Hom.; so in Mid., μεταςπόμενος Il.; c. dat., μεθέψομαί ςοι Soph.
2. c. acc. to follow with the eyes, to seek after, Il.
3. to visit, νέον μεθέπεις; dost thou come but now to visit us? Od.
4. metaph. to pursue, attend to, Pind.; ἄχθος μεθέπων carrying a burden, id=Pind.
5. Causal, c. dupl. acc., Τυδείδην μέθεπε ἵππους he turned the horses in pursuit of Tydeides, Il.
1. remiss, careless, Hom.
1. trans. to let go, let loose, release a prisoner, Il., etc.: to let a visitor depart, Od.: to dismiss a wife, Hdt.:—c. inf. to let one free to do as he will, allow one to do, id=Hdt.; so, ἐλεύθερον μ. τινά Eur.:—Pass. to be let go, dismissed, Hdt.
2. to give up, abandon, Il.:—metaph., εἴ με μεθείη ῥῖγος if the cold would but leave me, Od.
3. c. acc. rei, to let a thing go, let it fall, throw, τι ἐς ποταμόν id=Od., etc.:— also, μ. χόλον to let go, give up one's wrath, Hom.; so, Ἀχιλῆι μεθέμεν χόλον to put away anger in favour of Achilles, Il.; so, μ. καρδίας χόλον to put away anger from one's heart, Eur.; μ. ψυχήν to give up the ghost, id=Eur.:—of liquids, to let flow, let drop, Hdt., attic:—so, γλῶςςαν Περςίδα μ. to let drop, i. e. utter, Persian words, Hdt.:— μ. βλαςτόν to let it shoot forth, id=Hdt.:— μ. βέλος to let it fly, discharge it, Soph.; μ. ξίφος ἐς γυναῖκα to plunge it into her, Eur. ; ναὶ̈ μεθεῖναι (sc. ἱςτία) to give the ship her way, Soph.
4. to relieve, κῆρ ἄχεος the heart from grief, Il.
5. to give up, resign, throw aside, id=Il., attic
6. to forgive one a fault, remit a debt, Hdt.; τόνδε κίνδυνον μεθείς excusing thee this peril, Eur.
7. intr. to relax one's energies (where ἑαυτόν may be supplied), to be slack, remiss, lukewarm, dally, Hom.: c. inf. to neglect to do, Il., Hdt., attic
8. to let, permit, μεθεῖςά μοι λέγειν having left it for me to speak, having allowed me, Soph.
9. c. gen. rei, to relax or cease from, πολέμοιο, μάχης Il., etc.; μέθιεν χόλοιο Τηλεμάχῳ [the suitors] ceased from wrath in deference to Telemachus, Od.
10. c. gen. pers. to abandon, neglect, Il.
11. c. part., κλαύςας μεθέηκε having wept he left off, id=Il.
12. the Mid. agrees in construction with the intr. Act., to free oneself from, let go one's hold of, c. gen., παιδὸς οὐ μεθήςομαι Eur., etc.;—the act. would be παῖδα οὐ μεθήςω.
1. Causal, in pres. and imperf., fut. and aor1, to place in another way, to change, μεταςτήςω τοι ταῦτα I will give thee another present instead of this, Od.; μ. τὰ νόμιμα πάντα Hdt.; ὄνομα etc., Eur.
2. c. gen. partit., οὐ μεθίςτηςι τοῦ χρώματος he changes nothing of his colour, Ar.
3. of persons, to set free, νόςου from disease, Soph.; κακῶν, ὕπνου Eur.
4. to remove, id=Eur., Thuc.:—so in aor1 mid., μεταςτήςαςθαι to remove from oneself or from one's presence, Hdt., Thuc., etc.
5. Pass., aor1 μετεςτάθην [α^], with aor2, perf., and plup. act.:
6. to stand among or in the midst of, ἑτάροιςι μεθίςτατο Il.
7. to change one's position, remove, depart, Hdt., attic; μ. τυράννοις ἐκποδών to make way for them, Eur.
8. c. gen. rei, to change or cease from, κότου Aesch.; λύπης, κακῶν Eur.; μ. βίου to die, id=Eur.; μ. φρενῶν to go mad, id=Eur.
9. to go over to another party, to revolt, Thuc.
10. of things, to change, alter, sometimes for the better, τῆς τύχης εὖ μετεςτεώςης Hdt.; or for the worse, δαίμων μεθέςτηκε ςτρατῷ fortune hath changed for the army, Aesch.
1. remissness, carelessness, Il.
1. to hold converse with, τινί Il.
1. Pass. to rush in pursuit of, make a dash at, Hom.
1. to be drunken with wine, Od., etc.; μ. ὑπὸ τοῦ οἴνου Xen.
2. metaph. of things, βοείη μεθύουςα ἀλοιφῆι an ox-hide soaked in oil, Il.
3. of persons, to be drunken or intoxicated with passion, pride, etc., Xen., Plat.
1. to smile, Hom.: to grin, v. sarda/nios. Cf. μειδιάω.
1. a smile, Plut., Luc.
1. to make mild, to appease, propitiate, πυρὸς μειλιςςέμεν to appease [the dead] by fire, i. e. by funeral rites, Il.; ὀργὰς μ. Eur.:—Mid. to use soothing words, μηδέ τί μ̆ αἰδόμενος μειλίςςεο μηδ̆ ἐλεαίρων extenuate not aught from respect or pity to me, Od.
1. gentle, mild, soothing, μειλιχίοις ἐπέεςςι, μ. μύθοις Hom.; and without Subst., προςαυδᾶν μειλιχίοιςι to address with gentle words, Il.; αἰδοῖ μειλιχίῃ Od., Hes.; neut. as adv., gently, Mosch.
2. gracious, Ζεὺς Μειλίχιος the protector of those who invoked him with propitiatory offerings, Thuc., Xen.
3. μειλίχια ποτά propitiatory drink-offerings, or (as others) honied drinks, honey being mixed in the drink-offerings, Soph.
1. gentleness, softness, μειλιχίη πολέμοιο lukewarmness in battle, Il.
1. bound or mounted with black, of swords with black scabbards, Il., Eur.; ςάκος μ. an iron-rimmed shield, Aesch.
1. with black water, κρήνη μελάνυδρος of water which looks black from its depth, Il., Od.
1. intr. to grow black, Il.
1. care, anxiety, Il.; μελεδήματα πατρός anxieties about one's father, Od.:— μελεδήματα θεῶν the care of gods [for men], Eur.
1. the ash, Lat. fraxinus, Il., etc.
2. an ashen spear, id=Il.
1. sweet to the mind, delicious, Hom., Hes.
1. to blacken: Pass., μελαίνετο χρόα he had his skin stained black (with blood), Il.; of earth just turned up, id=Il.; of ripening grapes, Hes.; of a newly-bearded chin, id=Hes.
2. intr., = Pass., to grow black, Plat., Anth.
1. a sea-fish, the black-tail: fem. μελαν-ουρίς, ίδος, Anth.
1. limb from limb, Shaksp. "limb-meal, " μελεϊςτὶ ταμεῖν Hom.
1. honey-sweet, of wine, Hom.:— metaph., μελιηδέα θυμὸν ἀπηύρα Il.; μ. ὕπνος Od.
1. to desire earnestly or eagerly, to be bent on doing, c. inf., Hom.; also, c. gen., μ. μάχης to long for battle, Hes.
2. absol. to be angry, rage, Hom.; but, κτεινόμενος μενέαινε he struggled as he was dying, Il.
1. standing against the enemy, staunch, steadfast, Il.; doric -δάϊος, Anth.
1. staunch in battle, steadfast, Il.
1. staunch in battle, of heroes, Il.:—also μενέχαρμος, ον, id=Il.
1. suited to the desires, satisfying, sufficient, plentiful, agreeable to one's taste, Hom.; τάφος μ. a plentiful funeral feast, Il.; μενοεικέα ὕλην great store of wood, id=Il.
1. to desire eagerly, to be bent on a thing, c. acc., Hom.: also c. inf. to be eager to do, id=Hom.:—absol., ὧδε μενοινῶν so eager, Il.:— μ. τί τινι to design or purpose something against one, κακὰ Τρώεςςι μενοίνα Od.; c. dat. rei, to strive for a thing, Theogn.
1. intr. to be full of cares, to be anxious or thoughtful, to be in doubt, Hom.; δίχα or διάνδιχα μερμηρίζειν to halt between two opinions, id=Hom.
2. trans. to devise, contrive, δόλον ἐνὶ φρεςὶ μερμ. Od.; φόνον ἡμῖν μερμηρίζει id=Od.
1. middle, middling, Il.
1. half-gray, grizzled, i. e. middle-aged, Il.
1. adverb
2. of Space, absol. in the middle, between, οὐδέ τι πολλὴ χώρη μεςςηγύς Il.
3. c. gen. between, betwixt, μ. γαίης τε καὶ οὐρανοῦ id=Il., etc.
4. of Time, meanwhile, meantime, Od.
5. as Subst., τὸ μεςηγύ the part between, Hhymn.; τὸ μεςηγὺ ἤματος mid-day, Theocr.
1. fixed up to the middle, μεςςοπαγὲς δ̆ ἄρ̆ ἔθηκε ἔγχος drove the spear in up to the middle, Il.
1. in the midst of, among with gen., dat., and acc.
2. Prep. with gen., dat., and acc.
3. WITH GEN. in the midst of, among a number, μετ̆ ἄλλων ἑταίρων Od.; πολλῶν μετὰ δούλων Aesch.
4. in common, along with, μετὰ Βοιωτῶν ἐμάχοντο Il.; μ. ξυμμάχων κινδυνεύειν Thuc.; μετά τινος πάςχειν, ςτῆναι Aesch., Soph.
5. with, by means of, ἱκετεύειν μετὰ δακρύων Plat.; μετ̆ ἀρετῆς πρωτεύειν Xen.:—as a periphr. for Adverbs, ὁςίως καὶ μετ̆ ἀληθείας Plat.
6. WITH DAT., only poet., mostly epic,
7. properly of persons, among, in company with, μετὰ τριτάτοιςιν ἄναςςεν in or among the third generation Nestor reigned, Il.
8. of things, μετὰ νηυςί, ἀςτράςι among, in the midst of, Hom.; μετὰ πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο in company with the winds, as swift as they, id=Hom.
9. between, μετὰ χερςὶν ἔχειν to hold between, i. e. in, the hands, Il.; μετὰ φρεςίν id=Il.
10. to complete a number, with, besides, πέμπτος μετὰ τοῖςιν a fifth with them, Hom.;—N. B., μετά is never used with dat. sg., unless of collective Nouns, μετὰ ςτρατῷ Il.
11. WITH ACCUS.,
12. of motion, into the middle of coming among a number, μετὰ φῦλα θεῶν Hom.; μετὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν Il.
13. in pursuit or quest of, βῆναι μετὰ Νέςτορα id=Il.; in hostile sense. βῆναι μετά τινα to go after, pursue him, id=Il.;—also, βῆναι μετὰ πατρὸς ἀκουήν to go in search of news of thy father, Od.; πόλεμον μέτα θωρήςςοντο they were arming for the battle, Il.
14. of mere sequence or succession,
15. of Place, after, next after, behind, λαοὶ ἕπονθ̆ ὡςεὶ μετὰ κτίλον ἕςπετο μῆλα as sheep follow after the bell-wether, Il.
16. of Time, after, next to, μεθ̆ Ἕκτορα πότμος ἑτοῖμος after Hector thy death is at the door, id=Il.; μετὰ ταῦτα thereupon, thereafter, attic; μεθ̆ ἡμέραν in the course of the day, Hdt.
17. of Worth, Rank, next to, next after, following a Sup., κάλλιςτος ἀνὴρ μετ̆ ἀμύμονα Πηλείωνα Il.
18. after, according to, μετὰ ςὸν καὶ ἐμὸν κῆρ as you and I wish, id=Il.; μετ̆ ὔλμον by the line of the furrow, id=Il.
19. generally, among, between, as with dat., μετὰ πάντας ἄριςτος best among all, Il.; μετὰ χεῖρας ἔχειν Hdt.
20. absol. as ADV. among them, with them, Il.
21. and then, next afterwards, thereafter, Hom., Hdt.
22. μέτα for μέτεςτι, Od., etc.
23. IN COMPOS:
24. of community or participation, as μεταδίδωμι, μετέχω, c. gen. rei.
25. of action in common with another, as μεταδαίνυμαι, c. dat. pers.
26. of an interval, as μεταίχμιον.
27. of succession, as μεταδόρπιος.
28. of pursuit, as μετέρχομαι.
29. of letting go, as μεθίημι.
30. after, behind, as μετάφρενον.
31. back again, reversely, as μετατρέπω, μεταςτρέφω.
32. most often of change of place, condition, plan, etc., as μεταβαίνω, μεταβουλεύω, etc.
1. a messenger between two parties, Lat. internuncius, -cia, of Iris, Il.
1. to speak among others, to address them, c. dat. pl., Hom.
2. c. acc. pers. to accost, Il.
1. properly, the part behind the midriff (μετὰ τὰς φρένας), the back, Il., Plat.
1. afterwards, thereafter, Hom.
1. to come or go among others, c. dat. pl. or absol., Hom.; μετελθών having gone between the ranks, Il.
2. to go to another place, id=Il.: simply to come next, follow, Pind.
3. c. acc. to go after, to go to seek, go in quest of Il., attic: generally, to seek for, aim at, Eur., Thuc.
4. in hostile sense, to pursue, Il., Hdt., attic: c. acc. rei, to seek to avenge, Aesch., Eur.:—then c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, μ. τι τινά to visit a crime upon a person, Eur.
5. of things, to go after, attend to, to pursue a business, Hom., attic
6. to approach with prayers, Lat. adire, prosequi, τινα Hdt., Eur.: to court or woo, Pind.
1. lifted off the ground, hanging, Il.:—doric πεδάορος Aesch.
2. metaph. wavering, thoughtless, Hhymn.
1. to seat oneself with or beside, Od.
1. to rush after, rush upon an enemy, Hom.
2. μ. τινά to follow him closely, Pind.
1. Dep. to share the feast with another, c. dat., Hom.:— to partake of a thing, c. gen., Il.
1. adv. running after, following close upon, Il.
1. to follow after, absol., Il.: c. acc. to chase, Τρῶας μετεκίαθε id=Il.
2. to go to visit, Αἰθίοπας μετεκίαθε Od.
1. Pass. to shift to the other side, Il.
1. to weep afterwards or too late, Il.:—Mid. to lament after or next, Eur.
1. to leave off, cease from, c. gen., Il.
1. properly, to search after other things (μετὰ ἄλλα, cf. μέταλλον), to search carefully, to inquire diligently, Od.
2. c. acc. pers. to inquire of, question, Hom.
3. c. acc. objecti, to ask about or after, id=Hom.; so, μεταλλῆςαι ἀμφὶ πόςει Od.
4. c. dupl. acc. to ask one about a thing, ask him a thing, id=Od.
1. borne by the wind, τὰ δὲ πάντα θεοὶ μετ. θεῖεν may the gods give all that to the winds, Il.; ἐς κόρακας βαδιεῖ μεταμώνιος Ar.
2. bootless, vain, idle, μεταμώνια νήματα vainly-woven webs, Od.; μεταμώνια βάζειν to talk idly, id=Od.
1. one who has changed his home, a wanderer, immigrant, commonly as a term of reproach, like Scottish land-louper, Il.
2. to pass over to the other side, hέλιος μετενίςςετο the sun was passing over the meridian, Hom.
3. c. acc. to go after, pursue, Eur.: also to win, get possession of, Pind.
1. adv.,
2. of Place, betwixt, between, Il., etc.; with the Art., τὸ μεταξύ Hdt.; ἐν τῷ μ. Thuc.
3. of Time, between-whiles, meanwhile, Hdt., etc; with pres. part., μεταξὺ ὀρύςςων in the midst of his digging, Lat. inter fodiendum, id=Hdt.; μ. θύων Ar.; λέγοντα μ. in the middle of his discourse, Plat.
4. after, afterwards, NTest.
5. of Qualities, τὰ μ. intermediate, i. e. neither good nor bad, Plat.
6. as prep. with gen. between, Hdt., etc.
7. of Time, ὁ μ. τῆς δίκης τε καὶ τοῦ θανάτου [χρόνος] Plat.; τὰ μ. τούτου meanwhile, Soph.
1. rest between-whiles, πολέμοιο from war, Il.
1. Mid. to rest between-whiles, Il.
1. to distinguish oneself or be distinguished among others, c. dat. pl., Hom.
1. distinguished among others, c. dat. pl., Il.
1. Pass.:— to rush towards or after, Il.:— c. acc. to rush upon, μετέςςυτο ποιμένα λαῶν id=Il.
1. adv. all in a row, Il.
1. to turn about, turn round, turn, Il., Ar.:—Pass. to turn oneself about, turn about, whether to face the enemy or to flee, Il.; then, simply, to turn round, Hdt., Plat.
2. to pervert, change, alter, Plat., etc.:—Pass., τἀμὰ μετεςτράφη my fortunes are changed, Eur.; τὸ ψήφιςμ̆ ὅπως μεταςτραφείη Ar.
3. intr. to turn another way, change one's ways, Il.; μεταςτρέψας contrariwise, Plat.
4. c. gen. to care for, regard, Eur.
1. Mid., to turn oneself round, turn round, Il.
2. to look back to, shew regard for, c. gen., id=Il.
1. Pass. to turn about, il.
1. to speak among others, to address them, c. dat. pl., Hom.
2. c. acc. pers. to accost, address, Mosch.
1. to paraphrase, to translate, Plut.
2. Mid. to consider after, ταῦτα μεταφραςόμεςθα καὶ αὖτις Il.
1. to speak among others, c. dat. pl., Il.
1. to speak among others address them, c. dat. pl., Hom.
2. absol. to speak thereafter, afterwards, id=Hom.
1. Dep. to have gone after, to have gone in quest of, c. acc. pers., Hom.: c. acc. rei, to seek for, Eur.
2. with hostile intent, to pursue, Il.
3. to have gone among or through, Od.
4. to have gone with id=Od.
1. to keep changing from one knee to another, said of a coward crouching in ambush, Il.
1. to remove by a lever, hoist a heavy body out of the way, Od.
2. to push back the bar, Il.
1. of Place, from behind, backwards, back, Hom., Hes.
2. of Time, after, afterwards, Hom.
3. prep. with gen. behind, id=Hom.
1. the forehead, Il.
1. μή δέ, Negat. Particle, (related to οὐδέ as μή to οὐ):
2. as Conjunct. but not or and not, nor, μή τι ςὺ ταῦτα διείρεο μηδὲ μετάλλα Il.:—more rarely without a negative preceding, τεκνοῦςθαι, μηδ̆ ἄπαιδα θνήςκειν Aesch.
3. doubled, μηδέ . . μηδέ . . , Opposing the two clauses of a sentence, Il.:— μηδέ also follows μήτε, Soph., Plat.
4. as adv., joined with a single word or phrase, not even, Lat. ne . . quidem, Hom., etc.
1. and not one, related to οὐδείς as μή to οὐ, Il., etc.; —rare in Pl., Xen.
2. μηδὲ εἷς, which (so written) is never elided even in attic, retained the first emphatic sense not even one, and often had a Particle between, as μηδ̆ ἂν εἷς, or a prep., μηδ̆ ἐξ ἑνός, μηδὲ περὶ ἑνός etc., Plat.
3. nobody, naught, good for naught, ὁ μηδείς Soph.; pl., οὐ γὰρ ἠξίου τοὺς μηδένας id=Soph.:— so, μηδέν or τὸ μηδέν often as Subst., naught, nothing, id=Soph.; μηδὲν λέγειν to say what is naught, Xen.; τοῦ μηδενὸς ἄξιος Hdt.; ἐς τὸ μηδὲν ἥκειν Eur.;—and of persons, τὸ μηδέν a good for naught, τὸ μηδὲν εἶναι of an eunuch, Hdt.; τὸ μ. ὄντας Soph.
4. neut. μηδέν as adv. not at all, by no means, Aesch., etc.
1. Dep., to bleat, of sheep, Hom.; of a hunted fawn or hare, to scream, shriek, Il.; of a wounded horse, id=Il.
1. the bleating one, of she-goats, Hom.: —later, μ. ἄρνες, ͂ βληχάδες, Eur.
1. no more, no longer, no further, Hom., etc.
1. a shepherd, Il.
1. to be wroth with another, vent one's wrath on him, c. dat. pers., Il.; c. gen. rei, ἱρῶν μηνίςας wrathful because of sacred rites, id=Il.; πατρὶ μηνίςας φόνου Soph.; absol. to be wrathful, Hom.: so in Mid., Aesch.
1. wrath, Il.
1. slices cut from the thighs, Hom. It was the custom to cut out the μηρία (ἐκ μηρία τάμνον), wrap them in two folds of fat (κνίςῃ ἐκάλυψαν, δίπτυχα ποιήςαντες), and burn them upon the altar.
2. = mhroi/, the thighs, Bion.
1. the thigh, Lat. femur, in Hom.
2. in pl. = mhri/a, Hom., Soph.
3. in pl. also, generally, the leg-bones, Hdt.
1. a counsellor, as epith. of Ζεύς, all-wise! Hom.
1. Dep.:— to devise, contrive, plan, Hom.: c. dupl. acc. to plan evil against one, Od.
1. to meditate, deliberate, debate, Il.:—Mid., μητιάαςθε consider among you, id=Il.
2. c. acc. rei, = mhti/omai, Hom.
1. one's mother's father, Il., Hdt.
1. a step-mother, Il., etc.: the unkindness of step-mothers was proverbial (cf. Lat. injusta noverca); hence metaph., μ. νεῶν, of a dangerous coast, Aesch.
1. like Lat. machinari, to make by art, put together, construct, build, Il., Hdt., etc.; generally to prepare, make ready, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
2. to contrive, devise, by art or cunning, Hom., etc.;—also simply to cause, effect, Hdt., attic:—absol. to form designs, Od.:—c. acc. et inf. to contrive to do or that a thing may be, Xen.
3. Mid. to procure for oneself, Soph., Xen.
4. the Act. μηχανάω is used by Hom. only in epic part., ἀτάςθαλα μηχανόωντας contriving dire effects, Od., and by Soph. in inf. μηχανᾶν: but perf. μεμηχάνημαι is used in pass. sense by Hdt. and in attic; but also in act. sense, Plat., Xen.
1. properly, to stain, dye, ἐλέφαντα φοίνικι μιαίνειν (cf. Virgil's violaverit ostro si quis ebur), Il.
2. to stain, defile, sully, esp. with blood, μιάνθην (epic 3rd dual for μιανθήτην) αἵματι μηροί id=Il.; αἵματι πεςεῖ μιανθείς Soph.; μ. τοὺς θεῶν βωμοὺς αἵματι Plat.; βορβόρωι ὕδωρ μιαίνων Aesch.
3. of moral stains, to taint, defile, Pind., Trag.; hence Soph. says, θεοὺς μιαίνειν οὔ τις ἀνθρώπων ςθένει:— Pass. to incur such defilement, Aesch., etc.; μιαίνεςθαι τὴν ψυχήν Plat.; τῆς ἄλλης [γῆς] αὐτῶι μεμιαςμένης Thuc.
1. blood-stained, bloody, Il.: defiled with blood, blood-guilty, Trag.; c. gen., μ. τέκνων stained with thy children's blood, Eur.:—comp. -ώτερος Hdt., Eur.; Sup. -ώτατος, id=Eur.
1. stained with blood, Il.: defiled with blood, Eur.
2. generally, defiled, polluted, unclean, Hdt.: in moral sense, Soph.; as a term of foul reproach, brutal, coarse, disgusting, Ar.; μ. φωνή a coarse, brutal voice, id=Ar.:—adv. miarw=s, id=Ar.
1. small, little, in point of Size, Hom., etc.; also in point of Quantity, Hes., Ar., etc.
2. in Amount or Importance, little, petty, trivial, slight, Theogn., Soph., etc.; ςμ. τίθηςι με makes me of small account. Soph.; οὐ ςμικρὸν φρονεῖ id=Soph.
3. of Time, little, short, Pind., Ar., etc.; ἐν ςμικρῷ (sc. χρόνῳ) shortly, Xen.
4. Adverbial usages,
5. regul. adv., ςμικρῶς, but little, Sup. ςμικρότατα, id=Xen.
6. ςμικροῦ or μικροῦ within a little, almost, id=Xen., Dem.; in full, μικροῦ δεῖ or δεῖν, v. dei= II:—but μικροῦ πρίαςθαι to buy for a little, cheap, Xen.
7. μικρῷ by a little, with the comp., Plat.
8. μικρόν and μικρά, a little, Xen., Plat.
9. with Preps.,
10. ἐπὶ ςμικρόν but a little, Soph.
11. κατὰ μικρόν into small pieces, Xen.; so, κατὰ μικρὰ γενόμενοι id=Xen.:— also little by little, κατὰ μικρὸν ἀεί Ar.
12. παρὰ μικρόν within a little, παρὰ μ. ἐλθεῖν, c. inf., to be within an ace of doing, Eur.
13. μετὰ μικρόν a little after, NTest.
14. besides the regul. comp. and Sup. μικρότερος, -ότατος, there are the irreg. ἐλάςςων, ἐλάχιςτος, from e)laxu/s, and μείων or μειότερος, μειότατος.
1. red-cheeked, of ships which had their bows painted red, Hom.
1. to wait, stay, Il.
2. to await, expect, c. acc., Hhymn.
1. In active, Causal of μνάομαι to remind, put one in mind, Od.; τινός of a thing, Hom., etc.
2. to recall to memory, make famous, Pind.
3. Mid. and Pass., to remind oneself of a thing, call to mind, remember, c. acc., Hom., etc.:— c. gen., ἀλκῆς μνήςαςθαι to bethink one of one's strength, Hom., etc.; also, περὶ πομπῆς μνηςόμεθα Od.
4. c. inf. to remember or be minded to do a thing, Il., Ar., etc.
5. c. part., μέμνημαι κλύων I remember hearing, Aesch.; μ. ἐλθών I remember having come, i. e. to have come, Eur.
6. absol., μεμνήςομαι I will bear in mind, not forget, Hom.; perf. part. ὧδέ τις μεμνημένος μαχέςθω let him fight with good heed, let him remember to fight, Il.
7. to remember a thing aloud, i. e. to mention, make mention of c. gen., Hom; περί τινος Hdt., etc; ὑπέρ τινος Dem.
1. Hom. joins μὶν αὐτόν himself, as a stronger form; but αὐτόν μιν is reflexive, oneself, for ἑαυτόν, Od.
2. rarely as 3 pers. pl. for αὐτούς, αὐτάς, αὐτά.
1. shortlived, Hom.:—comp. μινυνθαδιώτερος Il.
1. to complain in a low tone, to whimper, whine, Hom.: generally, to sing in a low soft tone, to warble, hum, Ar., Plat.
1. to make smaller or less, lessen, curtail, Il., Hes.
2. to diminish in number, Od.
3. intr. to become smaller or less, decrease, decay, come to naught, perish, Hom., Hes.
1. to hate, Pind., attic:—c. acc. et inf., μίςηςεν δ̆ ἄρα μιν κυςὶ κύρμα γενέςθαι, Zeus hated (would not suffer) that he should become a prey to dogs, Il.; οὐ μιςοῦντα τὴν πόλιν, τὸ μὴ οὐ μεγάλην εἶναι not grudging that the city should be great, Ar.:—Pass. to be hated, Hdt., attic
1. a place where mountain glens and their streams meet, a meeting of glens, Il.
1. wages, pay, hire, Hom., etc.; μιςθῷ ἐπὶ ῥητῷ for fixed wages, Il.; μιςθοῖο τέλος the end of our hired service, id=Il.; θητεύειν ἐπὶ μιςθῷ Hdt.; μιςθοῦ ἕνεκα for pay or wages, Xen.; so in gen., μιςθοῦ Soph., Xen.; μηνὸς μιςθόν as a month's pay, Thuc.
2. at Athens, the pay of the soldiers and sailors, id=Thuc., etc.:—also, μ. βουλευτικός the pay of the council of 500, a drachma to each for each day of sitting; μ. δικαςτικός or ἡλιαςτικός the pay of a dicast (at first one obol, but from the time of Cleon three) for each day he sat on a jury; μ. ςυνηγορικός the fee of a public advocate, one drachma for each court-day; μ. ἐκκληςιαςτικός the fee for attending the popular assembly.
3. a physician's fee, Arist.
4. generally, recompense, reward, Hom., etc.
5. in bad sense, payment, requital, Trag.
1. to cut up meat, Hom.
1. like μιμνήςκομαι, to be mindful of a person or thing, c. gen., Il.:— to turn one's mind to a thing, φύγαδε μνώοντο id=Il.
2. to woo for one's bride, to court, c. acc. pers., Od.
3. to sue for, solicit a favour or office, Lat. ambire, Hdt.
1. remembrance, memory, μνημοςύνη πυρὸς γενέςθω let us be mindful of the fire, Il.
2. as prop. n. Mnemosyne, mother of the Muses, Hhymn., Hes., etc.
1. wooed and won, wedded, ἄλοχος μνηςτή a wedded wife, Hom.
1. Lat. monimentum:
2. a memorial, remembrance, record of a person or thing, Od., Soph., etc.
3. a mound or building in honour of the dead, a monument, Il., Hdt., attic
4. a memorial dedicated to a god, Simon. ap. Thuc.
5. = mnh/mh, memory, Theogn.
1. to toil, suffer, Hom.; ἐξ ἔργων μογέοντες tired after work, Od.: the part. is nearly = mo/gis, with pain or trouble, hardly, μογέων ἀποκινήςαςκε Il.
2. in Trag. to suffer pain, be distressed, Aesch.
3. trans. to labour at, τι Anth.
1. helping women in hard childbirth, of Eileithyia, Il.; of Artemis, Theocr.
1. child of destiny, Il.
1. the song and dance, a chant or song accompanied by measured movements, in honour of a god, or as an amusement, Hom.:—then, generally, play, sport, of a game at ball, Od.
2. singing, song, as opp. to dancing Hom., Trag.
1. a piece of lead, used as the sink of a fishing-line, Il.
1. to make single or solitary, ἡμετέρην γενεὴν μούνωςε isolated our house, i. e. allowed but one son in each generation, Od.
2. Pass. to be left alone or forsaken, Hom.; ἐμουνοῦντο they were left each man by himself, Hdt.; μουνωθέντα taken apart, without witnesses, id=Hdt.
3. c. gen., μεμουνωμένοι ςυμμάχων deserted by allies, id=Hdt.; μονωθεὶς δάμαρτος Eur.; μονωθεῖςα ἀπὸ πατρός id=Eur.
1. of water, to roar and boil, Il.
1. of earrings, wrought with much pains, skilfully wrought, Hom.
1. to be weary with toil, to be sore distressed, Il., Soph.:— to work hard, labour, Eur., etc.; c. acc. cogn., μ. μόχθους, πόνους to undergo hardships, or to execute painful tasks, id=Eur.; μ. μαθήματα to toil at learning, id=Eur.
2. c. acc. objecti, τέκνα ἁμόχθηςα the children whom I toiled for, id=Eur.; μ. τινά θεραπεύμαςιν ͂ θεραπεύειν, id=Eur.; cf. μόχθος.
1. to suffer, ἕλκει μοχθίζοντα ὕδρου suffering by its sting, Il.; μ. δαίμονι φαύλῳ Theogn.
1. ςτήλας ἐμόχλεον they strove to heave them up with levers, Il.
1. a part, portion, Hom.
2. a division of a people, Hdt.
3. a political party, Lat. partes, id=Hdt., Eur.
4. the part, portion, share which falls to one, in the distribution of booty, Hom.; or of a meal, Od.; ἡ τοῦ πατρὸς μοῖρα one's patrimony, ap. Dem.
5. in various phrases, οὐδ̆ αἰδοῦς μοῖραν ἔχουςιν has no part in shame, Od.; τέςςαρας μοίρας ἔχον ἐμοί filling the place of four relations to me, Aesch.
6. one's portion in life, lot, fate, destiny, Hom., etc.; ἡ πεπρωμένη μ. Hdt.; μοῖρ̆ ἐςτι, c. inf., 'tis one's fate, Hom.; ἔςχε μοῖρ̆ Ἀχιλλέα θανεῖν 'twas his fate to die, Soph.;— μ. βιότοιο one's portion or measure of life, Il.; ὑπὲρ μοῖραν (v. mo/ros) id=Il.; ἀγαθῇ μοίρᾳ by good luck, Eur.; θείᾳ μοίρᾳ by divine providence, Xen.
7. like μόρος, man's appointed doom, i. e. death, Hom., Aesch.:— also the cause of death, Od.
8. that which is one's due, Lat. quod fas est, κατὰ μοῖραν as is meet, rightly, Hom.; opp. to παρὰ μοῖραν, Od.; μοῖραν νέμειν τινί to give one his due, Soph.
9. respect, esteem, ἐν οὐδεμίᾳ μοίρῃ μεγάλῃ ἄγειν τινά to hold one in no great respect, Hdt.; ἐν μείζονι μ. εἶναι Plat.
10. with a gen. almost periphr., μ. φρενῶν, for φρένες, Aesch.; ἀνδρὸς μοίρᾳ προςετέθη it was accounted manly, Thuc.; ἐν πολεμίου μοίρᾳ as if he were an enemy, Dem.
11. Μοῖρα, as prop. n., the goddess of fate, the Roman Parca, Hom.; later, there were three, Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos, Hes.
12. Μοῖραι, of the Furies, Aesch.
1. wet, dripping, Il., Hes., Soph.
1. marrow, Lat. medulla, Il., Hom., etc.:— the brain, Soph.: metaph. of strengthening food, οἶνον καὶ ἄλφιτα, μυελὸν ἀνδρῶν Od.; πρὸς ἄκρον μ. ψυχῆς the marrow or inmost part, Eur.; Τρινακρίας μ., of Syracuse, Theocr.
1. to say, speak, absol., Il.:—c. acc. et inf. to say that, id=Il.: c. inf. only, to order, Aesch.:—c. acc. to tell, recount, Hom.; also, to tell of, Il.:—c. acc. cogn. to say, speak, utter, Hom.; πόλιν μ. πολύχρυςον to speak of the city as rich in gold, Il.
2. to say over to oneself, con over, consider, Hom.
1. Lat. mugire, to low, bellow, roar, of oxen, Il.; of calves, Od; of Hercules in agony, Eur., etc.
2. of things, as of heavy gates, to grate, creak, Il.; of a shield, to ring, id=Il.; of meat roasting, to hiss upon the spits, Od.; of thunder, Ar.
1. a lowing, bellowing, of oxen, Hom.
1. like a millstone, Lat. molaris, Il.
1. Lat. myrica, a shrub esp. thriving in marshy ground and near the sea, the tamarisk, Il.
1. numberless, countless, infinite, properly of Number, and commonly in pl., Hom.; in sg. with collective Nouns, μυρίον χέραδος Il.; χαλκός Pind.
2. of Size, measureless, immense, infinite, πένθος, ἄχος Il.; μ. κέλευθος an endless journey, Pind.; μ. χρόνος id.; μυρίη ὄψις all kinds of sights, Hdt., etc.
3. neut. pl. μυρία as adv., much, immensely, incessantly, κλαίειν Anth.
4. dat. as adv., μυρίῳ ςοφώτερος infinitely wiser, Eur.; μυρίῳ βέλτιον, μ. κάλλιον Plat.
5. as a definite numeral, in pl. μύριοι, αι, α, ten thousand, the greatest number in Greek expressed by one word, Hes., etc.:—in sg. with collective nouns, ἵππος μυρίη 10, 000 horse, Hdt.; ἀςπὶς μυρία Xen.
1. the innermost place, inmost nook or corner, Lat. sinus, recessus, Hom., etc.
2. the inmost part of a house, the women's apartments, Lat. penetralia, Od., Trag.
3. a bay or creek running far inland, Hdt.; πόντιος μ., i. e. the Adriatic, Aesch.
1. a cluster of muscles, a muscle, Il.
1. a fly, Lat. musca, Il.:—proverb., μυίης θάρςος, of excessive boldness, id=Il.
1. Dep.: to find, fault with, blame, c. acc., Il., Aesch.:—an aor1 inf. μωμηθῆναι in pass. sense, NTest.
1. with toil and pain, i. e. hardly, scarcely, Hom., Hdt., attic:—cf. the post-Hom. μόλις.
1. toil, trouble, Il.
2. trouble, distress, Lat. labor, Soph.
1. battle, battle-din, Il.
1. lead, Hom.; fem. in Anth.
1. alone, left alone, forsaken solitary, Lat. solus, Hom., etc.; μοῦνος ἐών id=Hom.; μούνω ἄνευθ̆ ἄλλων Od.
2. c. gen., μόνος ςοῦ without thee, Soph.; also, μοῦνος ἀπό τινος Hhymn., Soph.
3. alone, only, μοῦνος παῖς υἱός an only son. Hom.; εἷς μόνος, μόνος εἷς Hdt., Soph.
4. c. gen., μοῦνος πάντων ἀνθρώπων alone of all men, Hdt.; μόνος ἀνδρῶν Soph., etc.
5. Sup. μονώτατος, the one only person, one above all others, Ar., Theocr.
6. adv. mo/nws, only, Thuc., Xen.
7. the common adv. is μόνον, alone, only, Lat. solum, Hdt., attic; οὐχ ἅπαξ μ. Aesch.
8. only, Lat. modo, with an imperat., ἀποκρίνου μ. Plat.; μή με καταπίῃς μ. Eur.
9. the adj. often stands as an adv., χοίνικος μόνης ἁλῶν for a gallon of salt only, Ar.
10. οὐ μόνον . . , ἀλλὰ καὶ . . , id=Ar., etc.:— μόνον, like Lat. solum, is sometimes omitted in these phrases, μὴ τοὺς ἐγγύς, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ἀπόθεν Thuc.
11. μόνον οὐ, Like Lat. tantum non, all but, Ar., Dem.; μονονουχί Dem.
12. κατὰ μόνας, as adv. alone, Thuc.
1. = moi=ra III, man's appointed doom, fate, destiny, μόρος [ἐςτὶν] ὀλέςθαι 'tis one's doom to die, Il.; ὑπὲρ μόρον beyond one's destiny, Hom.
2. doom, death, Lat. fatum, Il., Hdt., Trag.
3. = nekro/s, a corpse, Anth.
4. the son of Night, Hes.
1. appointed by fate, destined, Lat. fatalis, Hom., Hdt., Aesch.; τὸ μόρςιμον destiny, doom, Pind., Trag.; τὰ μόρςιμα Solon.
2. fore-doomed to die, Hom.
1. epith. of an eagle, prob. dusky, dark, Lat. furvus, Il., Hes.
1. a millstone, a large round stone, Il.
1. epic Verb, to flow, run, trickle, δάκρυςι μῦρον (epic imperf.) were melting into tears, Hes.
2. Mid. to melt into tears, to shed tears, weep, Hom., Hes.
3. c. acc. to weep for, bewail, Bion., Mosch.
1. intr. to close, be shut, of the eyes, Il., Eur.; so, χείλεα μεμυκώς having the lips closed, Anth.
2. of persons, μύςας with one's eyes shut, Soph., Ar.
3. metaph. to be lulled to rest, to abate, of pain, Soph.; of storms, Anth.
4. trans. to close, shut, id=Anth.
1. to become numb with cold, to be torpid, Hes., Xen., Dem.
1. Lat. ma_lum, an apple or (generally) any tree-fruit, Hom., Hes., Hdt., attic
2. pl., metaph. of a girl's breasts, Theocr.:—also the cheeks, Lat. malae, Anth., Luc.; cf. μηλοπάρῃος:—but in Theocr., τὰ ςὰ δάκρυα μᾶλα ῥέοντι thy tears run sweet or round as apples.
1. wrath, anger, of the gods, Hom., Hdt., attic
1. or μή, πως, lest in any way, lest any how, lest perchance, Hom.
2. in case of doubt, or in indirect questions, whether or no, Il.
1. the faculty of advising, wisdom, counsel, cunning, craft, Hom., Aesch.; μῆτιν ἀλώπηξ a fox for craft, Pind.:—of a poet's skill or craft, id=Pind.
2. advice, counsel, a plan, undertaking, μῆτιν ὑφαίνειν Hom.
1. a means, expedient, remedy, Il.; μῆχος κακοῦ a remedy for Ill, Od., Hdt.; κακῶν Eur.
1. anything, delivered by word of mouth, word, speech, opp. to ἔργον, Hom., etc.
2. a speech in the public assembly, Od., Ar.
3. talk, conversation, mostly in pl., Od.
4. counsel, advice, a command, order, also a promise, Il.
5. the subject of speech, the thing or matter itself, Od., Eur.
6. a resolve, purpose, design, plan, Hom.
7. a saying, saw, proverb, Aesch.
8. the talk of men, rumour, Soph., Eur.
9. a tale, story, narrative, Hom.; μ. παιδός of or about him, Od.:—after Hom., μῦθος, like Lat. fabula, is a tale, legend, myth, opp. to λόγος the historic tale, Hdt., Plat., etc.: a fable, such as those of Aesop, Plat.
1. the toil and moil of war, Il.; ξείνου καὶ Ἴρου μ. the struggle between Irus and the stranger, Od.
1. with a single, i. e. uncloven, hoof, Lat. solipes, of the horse, Hom., Eur.
1. a wooded vale, dell, or glen, Il., Soph.
1. to flow, Hom.
1. newly come, a new-comer, Il., Hdt.
1. nectar, the drink of the gods, as ambrosia was their food, Hom., etc.; poured like wine by Hebe, and mixed with water, id=Hom.
2. metaph., νέκταρ μελιςςᾶν, i. e. honey, Eur.: of perfumed unguent, Anth.:—Pind. calls his Ode ν. χυτόν.
1. a dead body, a corpse, corse, Hom., Hdt., Soph., etc.:— in pl. the spirits of the dead, Lat. Manes, inferi, in Od., Il.
2. as adj. dead, Soph., Anth.
1. properly, distribution of what is due; hence a righteous assignment of anger, wrath at anything unjust, just resentment, Hom.: indignation at undeserved good fortune, Arist.
2. of the gods, indignation, wrath, ἐκ θεοῦ ν. Hdt., Soph.
3. the object of just resentment, Hom.; οὐ νέμεςις [ἐςτί] 'tis no cause for wrath that . . , c. inf., id=Hom., Soph.
4. indignation at one's own misdeed, a sense of sin, Il.
5. Νέμεςις, ιος, as prop. n., voc. Νέμεςι, Nemesis, the impersonation of divine wrath, Hes.: in Trag., the goddess of retribution.
1. a wooded pasture, glade, Lat. nemus, Il., Soph.
1. to deal out, distribute, dispense, of meat and drink, Hom., etc.; of the gods, νέμει ὄλβον Ὀλύμπιος ἀνθρώποιςιν Od.; μοῖραν ν. τινί to pay one due respect, Aesch., etc.:—Pass., ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας νέμεται is freely bestowed upon them, Hdt.; κρέα νενεμημένα portions of meat, Xen.
2. Mid. to distribute among themselves, and so, to have as one's portion, possess, enjoy, Hom., etc.
3. to dwell in, inhabit, id=Hom.: absol. to dwell, Hdt.
4. to spend, pass, αἰῶνα, ἡμέραν Pind.
5. Act. much like Mid. to hold, possess, γῆν, χώραν, πόλιν Hdt., attic:—Pass., of places, to be inhabited, Hdt.; of a country, to maintain itself, be constituted, Thuc.
6. to hold sway, manage, Hdt., Aesch.:— ν. οἴακα to manage the helm, Aesch.; ν. ἰςχὺν ἐπὶ ςκήπτροιςι to support one's strength on staves, id=Aesch.; ν. γλῶςςαν to use the tongue, id=Aesch.
7. like νομίζω, to hold, consider as so and so, ςὲ νέμω θεόν Soph.; προςτάτην ν. τινά to take as one's patron, Arist.
8. of herdsmen, to pasture or graze their flocks, drive to pasture, tend, Lat. pascere, Od., Hdt., attic, etc.:—metaph., ν. χόλον Soph.
9. Mid., of cattle, to feed, i. e. go to pasture, graze, Lat. pasci, Hom., etc.: c. acc. cogn. to feed on, Hdt., etc.; of men, to eat, Soph.; of fire, to consume, devour, Il., etc.; of cancerous sores, to spread, ἐνέμετο πρόςω Hdt.
10. c. acc. loci, ὄρη νέμειν to graze the hills [with cattle], Xen.: Pass., [τὸ ὄρος] νέμεται βουςί Xen.
11. metaph., πυρὶ νέμειν πόλιν to give a city to the flames, Hdt.: Pass., πυρὶ χθὼν νέμεται the land is devoured by fire, Il.
1. to go or come (mostly with fut. sense), πάλιν ν. to go away or back, return, Hom.; οἶκόνδε νέεςθαι id=Hom.; of streams, to flow back, Il.
1. young, youthful, Hom.; or alone, νέοι youths, Il., Hes., etc.; in attic with Art., ὁ νέος, οἱ νέοι, Ar., etc.:— τὸ νέον, ͂ νεότης, Soph.; ἐκ νέου from a youth, from youth upwards, Plat., etc.; ἐκ νέων Arist.
2. suited to a youth, youthful, Lat. juvenilis, Aesch., Eur.
3. of things, new, fresh, Il., attic
4. of events, new, strange, τί νέον; Aesch.; μῶν τι βουλεύει νέον; Soph.
5. neut. νέον as adv. of Time, newly, lately, just, just now, Hom., attic; also with the Art., καὶ τὸ παλαιὸν καὶ τὸ νέον Hdt.: comp. adv. newte/rws Plat.; Sup. νεώτατα most recently, Thuc.;—also, ἐκ νέας, ionic ἐκ νέης, anew, afresh, Lat. denuo, Hdt.
6. for νεώτερος, νεώτατος, v. new/teros: the orig. comp. and Sup. were νεαρός, νέατος.
1. young ones, children, Od., Theocr.
1. a cloud, mass or pile of clouds, Hom., etc.
2. metaph., θανάτου νέφος the cloud of death, id=Hom.; so, ςκότου ν., of blindness, Soph.; ν. οἰμωγῆς, ςτεναγμῶν Eur.; ν. ὀφρύων a cloud upon the brows, id=Eur.
3. metaph. also a cloud of men or birds, Il., Hdt.; ν. πολέμοιο the cloud of battle, Il.
1. the bowels, entrails, Il.
1. epith. of ὕπνος, either = h(du/s, sweet, delightful; or
2. from nh-, du/nw, sleep from which one rises not, sound sleep, much like νήγρετος, Hom.
1. of or for a ship, δόρυ νήιον or νήιον alone, ship-timber, Hom.
1. without wind, breezeless, calm, hushed, Il., Aesch., Eur.:—metaph., ν. ἔςτης̆ ὄχλον Eur.
1. not yet speaking, Lat. infans, Hom.; νήπια τέκνα, βρέφος ν. Eur.:—also νήπια young animals, Il.
2. metaph. like a child, childish, silly, Hom., Hes.; without forethought, Hom., Aesch.
1. to wash the hands or feet of another, Od.:—Mid., χεῖρας νίψαςθαι to wash one's hands, Il., Hes.; so, νίψαςθαι, absol., to wash one's hands, Od., etc.; νίψαςθαι ἁλός to wash [with water] from the sea, id=Od.
2. generally to purge, cleanse, Soph., Eur.
3. to wash off, ἱδρῶ νίψεν ἀπὸ χρωτός washed off the sweat from the skin, Il.; αἷμα νίζ̆ ὕδατι id=Il.:—Mid., χρόα νίζετο ἅλμην he washed the brine off his skin, Od.:—Pass., αἷμα νένιπται Il.—The word is commonly said of persons washing part of the person, while λούομαι is used of bathing, πλύνω of washing clothes.
1. like νέομαι to go, go away, Hom., Pind.; c. acc. loci, to go to a place, Eur.
1. to snow, pers., ὅτε ὤρετο Ζεὺς νιφέμεν (epic inf.) when Zeus started to snow, Il.; ὅταν νίφηι ὁ θεός Xen.:—metaph., χρυςῶι νίφων falling in a shower of gold, Pind.
2. impers., νίφει it snows (cf. ὕω, ςυςκοτάζω), Ar.:—so in Mid., νιφάδος νιφομένας when the snow is snowing, Aesch.
3. Pass. to be snowed on, Hdt., Ar., etc.
1. used in strong affirmation, yea, verily, Lat. nae, Hom., attic; in Hom. mostly followed by δή.
2. ναὶ μά in oaths, yea by . . , ναὶ μὰ τόδε ςκῆπτρον Il.; μά is sometimes omitted, ναὶ τὰν κόραν Ar.; ναὶ πρὸς θεῶν Eur.
3. in answers, alone, aye, yes, τοῦτ̆ ἐτήτυμον; answ. ναί Aesch.; ναί, ναί Ar.
1. to run over, to be full, Od.
1. of persons, to dwell, often in Hom. and Hes.
2. c. acc. loci, to dwell in, inhabit, Hom., Hes.
3. of places, to be situated, lie, Hom.: hence to exist, Ἰθάκης ἔτι ναιεταούςης Il.
1. to grow stiff or numb, Lat. torpere, Il., Plat.
1. of or for a sea-fight, ξυςτὰ ναύμαχα boarding pikes, Il.; δόρατα Hdt.
1. Lat. nauta, a seaman, sailor, Hom., Hes., etc.; as adj., ν. ὅμιλος Eur.
2. a mate or companion by sea, ναύτην ἄγειν τινά Soph.
1. a ship, Hom., etc.; ἐν νήεςςι or ἐν νηυςίν at the ships, i. e. in the camp formed by the ships drawn up on shore, Il.; ναῦς μακραί, Lat. naves longae, ships of war, which were built long for speed, while the merchant-vessels (ναῦς ςτρόγγυλαι, γαῦλοι, ὁλκάδες) were round-built, Hdt., etc
1. lower, νειαίρῃ δ̆ ἐν γαςτρί in the lower part of the belly, Il.
1. young, youthful, Il., Trag.; νεαροί youths, Aesch.;— τὸ ν. youthful spirit, Xen.
2. of things, new, fresh, νεαρὰ ἐξευρεῖν Pind.; ν. μυελός Aesch.
3. of events, new, recent, Soph.
4. adv. -rw=s, youthfully, rawly, Luc.
1. the young of the deer, a fawn, Hom., etc.; πέδιλα νεβρῶν fawnskin brogues, Hdt.
1. newly whetted or sharpened, Il.
1. to quarrel or wrangle with one, c. dat., Il.:—absol., Hom.; part. νεικέων, obstinately, Hdt.
2. trans. to rail at, abuse, upbraid, revile, c. acc. pers., Hom.
1. from the bottom, νειόθεν ἐκ κραδίης from the bottom of his heart, Il.
1. at the bottom, δάκε νειόθι θυμόν it stung him to his heart's core, Hes.: c. gen., νειόθι λίμνης Il.
1. Lat. novale, new land, i. e. land ploughed up anew after being left fallow, fallow-land, Il.; νειὸς τρίπολος a thrice-ploughed fallow, Hom.: in attic also νεός, Xen.
1. a heap of slain, ἐν αἰνῇςιν νεκάδεςςιν (epic dat. pl.) Il.
1. a dead body, corpse, Hom., etc.: —in pl. the dead, as dwellers in the nether world, Od.; τοὺς ἑαυτῶν ν. their own dead, of those killed in battle, Thuc.
2. as adj., νεκρός, ή, όν, dead, Pind.:— comp. -ότερος Anth.
1. nectarous, of garments, prob., scented, fragrant, or generally, divine, beautiful, Il.:—literally, ν. ςπονδαί libations of nectar, Pind.
1. Mid., νεμέθοντο the cattle were grazing, feeding, Il.
1. to feel just resentment, to be wroth at undeserved good or bad fortune (cf. νέμεςις), properly of the gods, Il., Hes.; ν. τινι to be wroth with a person or at a thing, Hom.
2. Mid. and Pass., properly, to be displeased with oneself: to take shame to oneself, feel shame, Hom.
3. Mid. very much like the Act., c. dat. pers., id=Hom.; c. acc. et inf. to be indignant at seeing, Od.; c. acc. rei, νεμεςςᾶται κακὰ ἔργα visits evil deeds upon the doers, id=Od.
1. epic Dep. to be wroth with another, c. dat., Hom.; c. acc. rei, to be wroth with one for a thing, Il.; c. acc. et. inf. to be angry or amazed that . . , id=Il.
2. like νεμεςάομαι, to feel shame, c. acc. et inf., id=Il.
3. to dread, θεοὺς νεμεςίζετο he stood in awe of the gods, Od.
1. causing indignation or wrath, νεμεςςητὸν δέ κεν εἴη 'twere enough to make one wroth, Il., etc.; so Soph., etc.
2. to be regarded with awe, awful, Il., Theocr.
1. youthful passion, Il.
1. newly watered, Il.
1. fresh budding or sprouting, Il., Hes.
2. of animals, new-born, Anth.
3. metaph. fresh, εὐφροςύνη Hhymn.; ν. αὔξεται grows with youthful vigour, Pind.
1. a young bird, nestling, chick, Il., Soph., etc.
2. any young animal, as a young crocodile, Hdt.; of young children, Aesch., Eur.
1. newly made, Il.
1. lately wounded, Il., Hes.
1. a string or cord of sinew, a bowstring, Hom., Hes., etc.
1. to nod, of a warrior threatening his foe, Il.; of one making signs, Od.; of one fainting, id=Od.
1. a cloud, Hom., etc.
2. metaph., νεφέλη δέ μιν ἀμφεκάλυψεν κυανέη, of death, Il.; ἄχεος ν. a cloud of sorrow, Hom.; Κενταύρου φονίᾳ νεφέλᾳ, i. e. with his blood, Soph.
3. a bird-net, Ar.
1. cloud-gatherer, cloud-compeller, of Zeus, Hom.
1. newly cleaned, Il., Plut.
1. newly twisted, νευρή Il.
1. newly wrought, Il.
1. youth, Lat. juventa, Il., Eur., etc.
2. youthful spirit, impetuosity, Hdt.: in bad sense, rashness, petulance, Plat., etc.
3. collective, like νεολαία, a body of youth, the youth, Lat. juventus, Hdt., Thuc., etc.
1. to nod or beckon, as a sign, Hom.: c. inf. to beckon to one to do a thing, in token of command, Hom., Eur.
2. to nod or bow in token of assent, Hom., Soph.:—c. acc. et inf. to promise that, Il.:—c. acc. rei, to grant, promise, Soph., Eur.
3. generally, to bow the head, bend forward, of warriors charging, Il.; of ears of corn, Hes.; ν. κάτω to stoop, Eur.:—c. acc. cogn., ν. κεφαλήν Od.
4. to incline in any way, ν. εἴς τι to incline towards, Thuc.:—of countries, like Lat. vergere, to slope, ν. εἰς δύςιν Polyb.
1. youngest, Il.
2. most recent, Arist.
1. younger, Il., Soph.:— οἱ νεώτεροι the younger sort, men of military age, Thuc.
2. too young, Od.:—c. gen., οἱ νεώτεροι τῶν πραγμάτων those who are too young to remember the events, Dem.
3. of events, newer, later, Pind.: metaph. later, worse, Soph.; νεώτερα alone, Lat. gravius quid, Hdt., attic; μῶν τι ν. ἀγγέλλεις; Plat.; νεώτερα βουλεύειν or ποιεῖν περί τινος Hdt., Thuc.
4. of political changes, νεώτερόν τι, an innovation, revolutionary movement, Hdt., Xen.
1. a young woman, girl, maiden, Il., Trag.; of a young married woman, Eur.
2. as adj. youthful, id=Eur.
3. new, Anth.
1. a quarrel, wrangle, strife, Hom., Hdt., etc.
2. strife of words, railing, abuse, a taunt, reproach, Il., Hdt.
3. a strife at law, dispute before a judge, Od.
4. battle, fight, Hom.; ν. φυλόπιδος Od.; of dissensions between whole nations, νεῖκος πρὸς Καρχηδονίους Hdt.
5. cause of strife, matter of quarrel, Soph.
1. a sinew, tendon; in pl., the tendons of the feet, Il., Plat.
2. metaph. in pl., τὰ νεῦρα τῆς τραγῳδίας, of lyric odes, their sinews, vigour, Ar.; τὰ νεῦρα τῶν πραγμάτων Aeschin.
3. gut, cord made of sinew, for fastening the head of the arrow to the shaft, Il.: the cord of a sling, Xen.
1. epic longer form of νέω D: epic aor1 νήηςα: — to heap, heap or pile up, Hom.
2. to pile, load, [νῆας] νηήςας εὖ Il.: Mid., νῆα χρυςοῦ νηηςάςθω let him pile his ship with gold, id=Il.
1. new-made, Il.
1. the stomach, Od., Hes., Aesch., etc.
2. the belly, paunch, Il., Hdt.; the womb, Il.: metaph., of earth, gremium telluris, Eur.
1. unprofitable, Hom.
1. not to hear, to give no heed to, disobey one, c. gen., Il.
1. pitiless, ruthless, Il.; νηλέϊ χαλκῷ with ruthless steel, Hom.; νηλέϊ ὕπνῳ relentless sleep, which exposes men without defence to ill, Od.; νηλεὲς ἦμαρ, i. e. the day of death, Hom.:— adv. nhlew=s Aesch.
2. pass. unpitied, Soph.
1. unerring, infallible, Od., Hes.; νημερτέα βουλήν a sure decree, i. e. one that will infallibly be enforced, Od.; νημερτέα εἰπεῖν or μυθήςαςθαι to speak sure truths, Hom.; ionic adv. nhmerte/ws as trisyll., Od.
1. stillness in the air, a calm, νηνεμίης in a calm, Il.; γαλήνη ἔπλετο νηνεμίη there was a calm, a ceasing of all winds, Od.; ἐξ αἰθρίης τε καὶ νηνεμίης Hdt.
1. epic Dim. of νήπιος, infantine, childish, Il.
1. childhood, ἐν νηπιέῃ Il.:—in pl. childish tricks or follies, νηπιέῃςιν in childish fashion, in folly, Hom.
1. to be childish, play like a child, Il.
1. a little child, Il., Ar.
2. as adj. like a child, childish, Il.
1. absol. to conquer, prevail, vanquish, Hom., etc.; ὁ νικήςας the conqueror, ὁ νικηθείς the conquered, Il.; ἐνίκηςα καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην I won the first prize, Thuc.; νικᾶν ἐπὶ πᾶςι κριταῖς in the opinion of all the judges, Ar.; c. acc. cogn., πάντα ἐνίκα he won all the bouts, Il.; παγκράτιον Thuc.; ν. Ὀλύμπια to be conqueror in the Ol. games, id=Thuc., etc.
2. of opinions, to prevail, carry the day, Hom., etc.; ἐκ τῆς νικώςης [γνώμης] according to the prevailing opinion, vote of the majority, Xen.:—impers., ἐνίκα (sc. ἡ γνώμη) it was resolved, Lat. visum est, c. inf., ἐνίκα μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν it was carried not to leave the city, Hdt.; ἐνίκηςε λοιμὸν εἰρῆςθαι it was the general opinion that λοιμός was the word, Thuc.
3. as law-term, ν. τὴν δίκην to win one's cause, Eur., Ar.
4. c. acc. pers. to conquer, vanquish, Hom., etc.; μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾶι λόγον not to be born is best, Soph.; νίκης νικᾶν τινα to win victory over one, Od.
5. generally of passions, etc., to conquer, to overpower, Il.; βαρεῖαν ἡδονὴν νικᾶτέ με ye force me to grant you pleasure against my will, Soph.; c. inf., μηδ̆ ἡ βία ςε νικηςάτω μιςεῖν let not force prevail on thee to hate, id=Soph.
6. Pass., νικᾶςθαί τινος, like ἡττᾶςθαι, to be inferior to, give way, yield to, id=Soph., Eur.; ἢν τοῦτο νικηθῆις ἐμοῦ Ar.
1. a snowflake, in pl. snowflakes, Il., Hdt.; as a simile for persuasive eloquence, ἔπεα νιφάδεςςι ἐοικότα χειμερίῃςιν Il.:—the sg. in collective sense, a snowstorm, snow, id=Il., Pind.
2. generally, a shower of stones, Aesch., Eur.; ν. πολέμου the sleet of war, Pind.
3. as fem. adj., = nifo/essa, Soph.
1. falling snow, a snowstorm, Hom., Hdt., etc.
1. snowy, snowclad, snowcapt, Hom., Hes., etc.
1. to perceive by the eyes, observe, notice, ὀφθαλμοῖς or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς νοέειν Il.; distinguished from mere sight, τὸν δὲ ἰδὼν ἐνόηςε id=Il.; οὐκ ἴδεν οὐδ̆ ἐνόηςε Hom.:—hence, θυμῶι νοέω καὶ οἶδα ἕκαςτα Od., etc.: —so in Mid., Theogn., Soph.
2. absol. to think, suppose, Hom., Hdt., etc.; ἄλλα ν. to be of another mind, Hdt.:—part. νοέων, έουςα thoughtful, wary, discreet, Hom.
3. to think out, devise, contrive, purpose, intend, Od., Hdt.
4. c. inf. to be minded to do a thing, Il., Soph., etc.:—so in Mid., Il., Hdt.
5. to conceive of or deem to be so and so, ὡς μηκέτ̆ ὄντα κεῖνον νόει Soph.
6. of words, to bear a certain sense, to mean so and so, πυθοίμεθ̆ ἂν τὸν χρηςμὸν ὅ τι νοεῖ Ar., Plat.
1. a shepherd, herdsman, Hom., etc.
2. a dealer out, distributer, ἀγαθῶν Plat.
3. pl. νομέες, the ribs of a ship, Hdt.
1. a feeding-place for cattle, pasture, Hom.; ν. ὕλης a woodland pasture, Od.
2. herbage, Hhymn.:—generally, food, Hes., Ar.
3. metaph., ἐπέων πολὺς νομός a wide range for words, Il.
4. an abode allotted or assigned to one, a district, province, Pind., Soph., etc.; νομὸν ἔχειν to have one's dwelling-place, Hdt., Ar.
5. one of the districts into which Egypt was divided, Hdt., etc.; applied also to other provinces, id=Hdt.
1. to come or go back, return, esp. to one's home or country, Hom., Soph., etc.
2. to return safe, to escape, Il., etc.
1. to turn one's back upon a person, to turn away, shrink back, Hom.
2. to turn away from a person, c. gen., Od.
3. c. acc. to forsake, abandon, Hom., Soph.
4. after Hom., in Act., attic fut. νοςφιῶ: aor1 ἐνόςφιςα: — to set apart or aloof, to separate, remove, Eur.:—metaph., ν. τινὰ βίου to separate him from life, i. e. kill him, Soph.; so, ν. τινά alone, Aesch.
5. to deprive, rob, τινά τι one of a thing, Pind.; also, τινά τινος Aesch., Eur.
6. Mid. to put aside for oneself, to appropriate, purloin, Xen.:— ν. ἀπὸ τῆς τιμῆς to appropriate part of the price, NTest.
7. but the Mid. is also just like the Act., to deprive, rob, Eur.
1. wet, νοτίαι εἰαριναί spring rains, Il.
1. a daughter-in-law, Hom.; in wider sense, any female connected by marriage, Il.
2. a bride, wife, Theocr., Anth.
1. of or from us two, Hom.
1. sluggish, slothful, torpid, epith. of the ass, Il., Eur., etc.
2. of the understanding, dull, stupid, νωθέςτερος somewhat dull, Hdt.
1. without pause, unceasingly, continually, Hom.:—so, νωλεμέως, Il.; ν. ἐχέμεν to persevere, id=Il.; but, ν. κτείνοντο they were murdered without pause, i. e. one after the other, Od.
1. to deal out, distribute, esp. food and drink at festivals, Hom.
2. （νέμω III. 2) to direct, guide, control,
3. of weapons, to handle, wield, sway the lance, shield, rudder, Hom.; so metaph., νώμα πηδαλίῳ πόλιν was steering it, Lat. gubernabat, Pind.; πᾶν ν. ἐπὶ τέρμα Aesch.
4. of the limbs, to ply nimbly, γούνατα νωμᾶν Il.; πόδα ν. Soph.; ν. ὀφρύν to move the brow, Aesch.
5. to revolve in the mind, Od.: to observe, watch, Hdt., Trag.
1. laziness, sluggishness, Il.
1. that which is perceived, a perception, thought, Hom., Hes., attic: as an emblem of swiftness, ὡςεὶ πτερὸν ἠὲ νόημα Od.
2. a thought, purpose, design, Hom., Ar.
3. like νόηςις, understanding, mind, Hom.: disposition, Pind.
1. intelligence, thought, Plat.
1. a bastard, baseborn child, i. e. one born of a slave or concubine, opp. to γνήςιος, Lat. legitimus, Il., Hdt., attic; νόθη κούρη Il.
2. generally, spurious, counterfeit, supposititious, Plat.
1. mind, perception, Hom., etc.; νόῳ heedfully, Od.; παρὲκ νόον senselessly, Il.; ςὺν νόῳ wisely, Hdt.; νόῳ λαβεῖν τι to apprehend it, id=Hdt.; νόῳ ἔχειν to keep in mind, id=Hdt.
2. νοῦν ἔχειν means
3. to have sense, be sensible, Soph., Ar., etc.; περιςςὰ πράςςειν οὐκ ἔχει νοῦν οὐδένα to aim too high has no sense, Soph.
4. to have one's mind directed to something, ἄλλος̆ ὄμμα, θἀτέρᾳ δὲ νοῦν ἔχειν id=Soph.; δεῦρο νοῦν ἔχε Eur.
5. the mind, heart, χαῖρε νόῳ Od.; so, νόος ἔμπεδος, ἀπηνής Hom.; ἐκ παντὸς νόου with all his heart and soul, Hdt., etc.
6. one's mind, purpose, τί ςοι ἐν νόῳ ἐςτὶ ποιεῖν; what do you intend to do? id=Hdt.; ἐν νόῳ ἔχειν, c. inf., to intend, id=Hdt.; νόον τελεῖν Il.
7. the sense or meaning of a word or speech, Hdt., Ar.
1. sickness, disease, malady, Hom., etc.
2. generally, distress, misery, suffering, sorrow, evil, Hes., Trag.
3. disease of mind, Trag.; θεία ν., i. e. madness, Soph.
4. of states, disorder, sedition, Plat.
5. a plague, bane, of a whirlwind, Soph.
1. a return home or homeward, Hom.; c. gen. objecti, νόςτος Ἀχαιί̈δος his chance of returning to Greece, Od.; νόςτον γαίης Φαιήκων thy way to the land of the Phaeacians, id=Od.
2. generally, travel, journey, ἐπὶ φορβῆς ν. a journey after (i. e. in search of) food, Soph.; ν. πρὸς Ἴλιον Eur.
1. as adv. of Place, aloof, apart, afar, away, Hom.; ν. ἰδών having looked aside, Od.; νόςφιν ἀπό aloof from, Il.; νόςφιν ἤ . ., like πλὴν ἤ . . , besides, except, Theocr.
2. as prep. aloof or away from, far from, Hom., Hes.
3. without, forsaken or unaided by, Hom., Aesch.
4. of mind or disposition, νόςφιν Ἀχαιῶν βουλεύειν apart from the Achaians, i. e. of a different way of thinking, Il.; ν. Δήμητρος, Lat. clam Cerere, without her knowledge, Hhymn.
5. beside, except, νόςφι Ποςειδάωνος Od.; νόςφ̆ Ὠκεανοῖο Il.
1. wet, moist, damp, Il., Aesch.:— ἐν νοτίῳ, i. e. the open sea, Od.
2. southern, ν. θάλαςςα, i. e. the Indian ocean, Hdt.
1. epic voc. νύμφα^: doric νύμφα_:—, a young wife, bride, Lat. nupta, Il., Trag.
2. any married woman, Od., Eur.
3. a marriageable maiden, Il., Hes.
4. = Lat. nurus, daughter-in-law, NTest.
5. as prop. name, a Nymph, Hom.; θεαὶ Νύμφαι Il.; distinguished by special names, spring- nymphs being Ναϊάδες, sea- nymphs Νηρηίδες, tree- nymphs Δρυάδες, Ἁμαδρυάδες, mountain- nymphs ὀρεςτιάδες, ὀρεάδες, meadow- nymphs λειμωνιάδες.
6. persons in a state of rapture, as seers and poets, were said to be caught by the Nymphs, νυμφόληπτοι, Lat. lymphatici.
7. the chrysalis, or pupa of moths, Anth.
1. Lat. nox, night, i. e. either the night-season or a night, Hom., Hes., etc.; νυκτός by night, Lat. noctu, Od., attic; νυκτὸς ἔτι while it was still night, Hdt.; ν. τῆςδε Soph.; ἄκρας ν. at deadof night, id=Soph.; also, νυκτί Hdt., Soph.;— νύκτα the night long, the livelong night, Hom.; νύκτας by nights, id=Hom.;— μέςαι νύκτες midnight, Plat.
2. with Preps., ἀνὰ νύκτα by night, Il.; διὰ νύκτα Od.; εἰς νύκτα, εἰς τὴν ν. towards night, Xen.; ὑπὸ νύκτα just at night-fall, Thuc., Xen.; διὰ νυκτός in the course of the night, Plat.; ἐκ νυκτός just after night-fall, Xen.; πόρρω τῶν νυκτῶν far into the night, id=Xen.:— ἐπὶ νυκτί by night, Il.; ἐν νυκτί, ἐν τῇ ϝ. Aesch., etc.
3. in pl., also, the watches of the night, Pind., Plat.:—the Greeks divided the night into three watches, Hom., etc.
4. the dark of night, Hom.
5. the night of death, id=Hom.; ν. Ἄιδης τε Soph.
6. Νύξ as prop. n., the goddess of Night, daughter of Chaos, Il., Hes.
7. the quarter of night, i. e. the West, Hes.
1. like Lat. meta, the name of two posts in the ἱππόδρομος:
2. the turning-post, so placed that the chariots driving up the right side of the course, turned round it, and returned by the left side (cf. καμπτήρ), Il.
3. the starting post, which was also the winning post, Hom.
1. to touch with a sharp point, to prick, spur, pierce, Il., Hes.; ἀγκῶνι νύξας having nudged him with the elbow, Od.; ν. γνώμην to prick it (and see what is in it), Ar.
1. unknowing of, unpractised in a thing, c. gen., Od.; absol., Il.
1. an island, Lat. insula, Hom., Hes., etc.; ἐν τᾷ μεγάλᾳ Δωρίδι νάςῳ Πέλοπος, i. e. in Peloponnese, Soph.; μακάρων νῆςοι, v. sub μάκαρ.
1. not eating, fasting, of persons, Hom.; c. gen., νῆςτις βορᾶς Eur.:—metaph., νῆςτιν ἀνὰ ψάμμον over the hungry sand, Aesch.
2. νῆςτις νόςος, λιμός hungry famine, id=Aesch.; νήςτιςιν αἰκίαις the pains of hunger, id=Aesch.; νήςτιδες δύαι id=Aesch.
3. act. causing hunger, starving, πνοιαὶ νήςτιδες id=Aesch.
1. flashing, gleaming, of metal, Il.
1. the back, Lat. tergum, Il.; often in pl., like Lat. terga, Hom.; τὰ νῶτα ἐντρέπειν, ἐπιςτρέφειν to turn the back, i. e. flee, Hdt.; νῶτα δεῖξαι Plut.; κατὰ νώτου from behind, in rear, Hdt., Thuc.
2. metaph. any wide surface, ἐπ̆ εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάςςης Hom.; of plains, Pind., Eur.
3. the back or ridge, of a hill, Pind., Eur.; of a chariot, Eur.
1. belonging to a friend and guest, hospitable, Ζεὺς ξένιος as protector of the rights of hospitality, Il., Aesch.:— τράπεζα ξ. the guests' table, Od.; ξένιός τινι bound to him by ties of hospitality, Hdt.
2. ξείνια, attic ξένια, ων, τά, friendly gifts, meat and drink, given to the guest by his host, Hom.; ξένια παρέςχε δαῖτα as a friendly gift, Aesch.; βοῦν ξένια ἔπεμψεν Xen.; ἐπὶ ξένια καλεῖν to invite any one to eat with you, Hdt., etc.; metaph., θάνατος ξένιά ςοι γενήςεται Eur.
3. foreign, Pind., attic
1. foreign, Soph., Eur., etc.
2. c. gen. rei, strange to a thing, ignorant of it, Soph.:—adv., ξένως ἔχω τῆς λέξεως I am a stranger to the language, Plat.
3. alien, strange, unusual, Aesch.
1. to smooth or polish by scraping, planing, filing, of a carpenter, Od., etc.
1. a sword, Hom.; distinguished from ma/xaira, q. v.
1. yellow, of various shades; of golden hair, Hom.; so, ξανθαὶ ἵπποι bay or chestnut mares, Il.
2. Ξάνθος paroxyt., as prop. n.
3. a stream of the Troad, so called by gods, by men Scamander, id=Il.
4. a horse of Achilles, bayard, the other being Βαλίος, dapple, id=Il.
1. a host's gift, given to a departing guest, Hom.; δῶρα ξεινήια Od.
1. to receive or entertain strangers, to receive as a guest, Lat. hospitio excipere, Hom., Hdt., etc.; ξ. τινὰ πολλοῖς ἀγαθοῖς to present with hospitable gifts, Xen.:—metaph., ὃν Ἄρης οὐκ ἐξένιςεν, i. e. who fell not in battle, Soph.:—Pass. to be entertained as a guest, Hdt., attic
2. to astonish by some strange sight, Polyb.:—Pass. to be astonished, id=Polyb.
3. intr. to be a stranger, speak with a foreign accent, Luc.: to be strange or unusual, id=Luc.
1. smoothed, polished, wrought, Hom., Hdt., attic; ξ. αἴθουςαι halls of polished stone, Il.
1. to parch up, dry up, Eur., Xen.:—Pass. to become or be dry, parched, Il., etc.
2. to lay dry, Lat. siccare, Thuc.
1. ξυνήια common property, common stock, Il.
1. older form of κοινός, common, public, general, concerning or belonging to all in common, Il.; γαῖα ξυνὴ πάντων earth the common property of all, id=Il.; ξ. Ἐνυάλιος, i. e. war hath an even hand, is uncertain, id=Il.; ξ. πᾶςι ἀγαθόν Hdt.; ξυνὰ λέγειν to speak for the common good, Aesch.
1. the polished shaft of a spear, Il., Hdt.
2. generally, a spear, lance, Il., Eur.
1. wood cut and ready for use, firewood, timber, Hom.; ξύλα νήια ship- timber, Hes.; ξ. ναυπηγήςιμα Thuc.
2. in sg. a piece of wood, a post, Hom.: a perch, Ar.: a stick, cudgel, club, Hdt., Ar.
3. a collar of wood, put on the neck of the prisoner, Ar.:—also stocks, for the feet, Hdt., Ar.; cf. πεντεςύριγγος.
4. a plank or beam to which malefactors were bound, the Cross, NTest.
5. a money-changer's table, Dem.
6. πρῶτον ξύλον the front bench of the Athenian theatre, Ar.
7. of live wood, a tree, Xen.
1. a thicket, copse, Il.
1. to scrape, plane, smooth or polish, Od.: metaph., ξῦςαι ἀπὸ γῆρας to scrape off, get rid of old age, Hhymn.:— Mid., παλτὸν ξύςαςθαι to shape oneself a javelin-shaft, Xen.
2. to make smooth, work delicately, Il.
1. of the same age, Il.
1. a rudder, helm, Hom.
1. to make to swell, Lat. tumefacere, Il.:— Pass. to swell, Lat. tumere, id=Il.
2. = oi)de/w, Ar.
1. trans. to inhabit, occupy, Il., Hdt., attic:—Pass. to be inhabited, Il., Hdt., etc.; cf. οἰκουμένη.
2. Pass. to be settled, of those to whom new abodes are assigned, Il.; οἱ ἐν τῆι ἠπείρωι οἰκημένοι those who have been settled, i. e. those who dwell on the mainland, Hdt.; of cities, to be situate, to lie, id=Hdt.
3. to manage, direct, govern, like διοικέω, Soph., etc.
4. intr. to dwell, live, be settled, Hom., etc.; ἔξω τῶν κακῶν οἰκεῖν γλυκύ sweet is it to live free from cares, Soph.
5. of cities, in a pass. sense, to be settled, be situated, Hdt., Xen.
6. to conduct oneself or be conducted so and so, ςωφρόνως γε οἰκοῦςα [πόλις] εὖ ἂν οἰκοῖτο a state with habits of self-control would be well governed, Plat.
1. in form a Dim. of οἶκος: only in pl. like Lat. aedes, a house, dwelling, abode, Hom., Hdt.
1. an inmate of one's house, Hom.
2. a menial, servant, Od., Soph.
1. to pity, feel pity for, have pity upon, c. acc., Il., Hdt., attic:— οἰκτ. τινά τινος to pity one for or because of a thing, Aesch.:—also c. acc. rei, Ar.
2. c. inf., οἰκτ. νιν λιπεῖν I am sorry to leave her, Soph.
1. pitiable, in piteous plight, Il., Soph., etc.
2. of things, pitiable, piteous, lamentable, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
3. in act. sense, piteous, Od., Soph.; οἰκτρᾶς γόον ὄρνιθος, of the nightingale, Soph.;—neut. pl. as regul. adv. oi)ktrw=s, Aesch., Soph. —Besides comp. and Sup. οἰκτρότερος, -τατος, Hom. has an irreg. Sup. οἴκτιςτος (q. v.).
1. to swoop or pounce upon its prey, of an eagle, Hom.; κίρκος οἴμηςε μετὰ τρήρωνα πέλειαν swooped after a dove, Il.
2. absol. to dart along, Orac. ap. Hdt.
1. loud wailing, lamentation, Il., Hdt., Trag., etc.
1. to wail aloud, lament, Hom., Trag.
2. in familiar attic, οἴμωζε is a curse, plague take you, go howl! Lat. abeas in malam rem, Ar.; οἰμώζετε id=Ar.; οἰμώξεςθ̆ ἄρα id=Ar.; οἰμώζειν λέγω ςοι id=Ar.; so, οὐκ οἰμώξεται; id=Ar.
3. trans. to pity, bewail, c. acc., Tyrtae., Trag.: Pass., οἰμωχθείς bewailed, Theogn.; ὠιμωγμένος Eur.
1. Mid. to procure wine by barter, buy wine, Il.
1. heavy with wine, Lat. vino gravis, Il., Anth.
1. to drink wine, Hom.
1. to pour out wine for drinking, Hom.
2. c. acc., νέκταρ ἐωινοχόει she was pouring out nectar for wine, Il.
1. wine Charon, nickname of Philip of Macedon, because he put poison in his enemies' wine, and so, sent them over the Styx, Anth.
1. a wine-pourer, cupbearer, Hom., etc.
1. with soil fit to produce wine, wine-producing, Od.
2. οἰνόπεδον, ου, τό, as Subst. a vineyard, Il., Theogn.:—also οἰνοπέδη, ἡ, Anth.
1. traversed by sheep, Hom.
2. lonely, solitary, single, Pind.
3. act. tending sheep, Hhymn.
1. to go, come, Od.; to walk, i. e. to live, Soph.
2. like οἴχομαι, to be gone, id=Soph.
3. c. acc. pers., like προςέρχομαι, to approach, Pind.
1. one who foretells from the flight and cries of birds, an augur, Il., Hes.
1. one busied with the flight and cries of birds, an augur, Il., etc.
1. a large bird, bird of prey, such as a vulture or eagle, and so distinguished from a common bird (ὄρνις), Hom., etc.
2. a bird of omen or augury, Hom., etc.:—the flight to (not from) the right, i. e. towards the East, was fortunate, and vice versa.
3. an omen, presage, drawn from these birds, Lat. auspicium or augurium, according as taken from seeing their flight or hearing their cry, Il., etc.; δέκομαι τὸν οἰωνόν I accept the omen, hail it as favourable, Hdt.
1. from one only, i. e. by oneself, alone, in phrase οἰόθεν οἶος all alone, Il.
1. Pass. to be left alone, abandoned, forsaken.
1. the handle of the rudder, the tiller, and generally, the helm, Aesch., Eur., etc.:— metaph. the helm of government, Aesch.
2. in Il., οἴηκες are the rings of the yoke, through which pass the reins for guiding the mules.
1. to open, ὤιξα θύρας Il.: absol., ὦιξε γέροντι he opened the door to the old man, id=Il.; [οἶνον] ὤιξεν ταμίη she broached the wine, Od.; πρὸς φίλους οἴγειν ςτόμα Aesch.
1. to one's home, home, homewards, Hom., etc.
2. = oi)/koi, at home, Xen. οἴκαδις, Doric for οἴκαδε, Ar.
1. from one's house, from home, Il., Thuc.; οἴκοθεν οἴκαδε from house to house, proverb. of one who has two homes, Pind.; εὐθὺς οἴκ., i. e. from childhood, Arist.:—often without any sense of motion, τὰ οἴκ. domestic affairs, Eur.; ςτρατηγοὺς εἵλοντο ἐκ τῶν οἴκ. Xen.
2. from one's household stores, Il.
3. from one's own resources, by one's own virtues, by nature, Pind., Eur.
4. wholly, absolutely, Aeschin.
1. at home, Hom.
1. at home, in the house, Lat. domi, Il., Hes., etc.; τὰ οἴκοι one's domestic affairs, Xen., Plat.; so, ἡ οἴκοι δίαιτα Soph.; ἡ οἴκοι (sc. πόλις) one's own country, id=Soph.
1. most pitiable, lamentable, Hom.:—neut. pl. οἴκτιςτα as adv., Od.
1. to suppose, think, deem, imagine, c. acc. et inf., mostly inf. fut., Hom., etc.
2. c. inf. alone, when both Verbs have the same subject, as, κιχήςεςθαί ςε ὀί̈ω I think to catch, i. e. I think I shall. . , Il.; οὐ γὰρ ὀί̈ω πολεμίζειν I do not think, i. e. mean, to fight, id=Il.; ἐν πρώτοιςιν ὀί̈ω ἔμμεναι I expect to be, Od.
3. sometimes the subject of the inf. is to be supplied from the context (as in I), τρώςεςθαι ὀί̈ω I fear [that many] will be wounded, Il.; διωκέμεναι γὰρ ὀί̈ω I fear [they] are pursuing me, Od.
4. absol., αἰεὶ ὀί̈εαι thou art ever suspecting, Il.: also, to deem, forebode, θυμὸς ὀί̈ςατό μοι my heart foreboded it, Od.; ὀί̈ςατο κατὰ θυμόν he had a presage of it in his soul, id=Od. :—impers., ὀί̈εταί μοι ἀνὰ θυμόν there comes a boding into my heart, id=Od.
5. trans. to wait for, look for, κεῖνον ὀϊομένη looking for his return, id=Od.; γόον δ̆ ὠίετο θυμός his soul was intent on grief, id=Od.
6. used by Hom. parenthetically, in first person, ἐν πρώτοιςιν, ὀί̈ω, κείςεται among the first, I ween, will he be lying, Il.; ἔπειτά γ̆, ὀί̈ω, γνώςεαι Od.
7. in attic this parenthetic use in confined to the contr, form οἶμαι, imperf. ὤιμην, I think, I suppose, I believe; even between a prep. and its case, ἐν οἶμαι πολλοῖς Dem.:—answering a question, expressive of positive certainty, I believe you, of course, no doubt, Ar., etc. ; οἶμαι ἔγωγε yes I think so, yes certainly, Plat.:—also in a parenthetic question, πῶς οἴει; πῶς οἴεςθε; how think you ? like πῶς δοκεῖς; also οἴει; alone, don't you think so? what think you? id=Ar.
8. οἴομαι δεῖν I hold it necessary, think it my duty, like Fr. je crois devoir, Soph., Plat.
1. Dep. to be gone, to have gone, Lat. abesse (not abire), in perf. sense, and imperf. ὠιχόμην in plup. sense, directly opp. to ἥκω, to have come, while ἔρχομαι, to go or come, serves as the pres. to both, Hom., etc.;—often c. part., οἴχεται φεύγων is fled and gone, Il.; ὤιχετ̆ ἀποπτάμενος he hath taken flight and gone, id=Il.; οἴχεται θανών (v. infr. II. 1); also with an adj., οἴχεται φροῦδος he's clean gone, Ar.:—c. acc. pers. to have escaped from, id=Il.
2. Special usages,
3. euphem. for θνήςκω, to be gone hence, οἴχεται εἰς Ἀί̈δαο Il.; in attic, οἴχεται θανών Soph., etc.:—part. οἰχόμενος for θανών, departed, dead, Trag.; but in Hom. simply absent or away, Ὀδυςῆος πόθος οἰχομένοιο desire of the absent Ulysses, Od.
4. to be undone, ruined, Soph.; esp. in ὤιχωκα or οἴχωκα, Lat. perii, Aesch., etc.
5. of things, to denote any quick, violent motion, to rush, sweep along, Il.
1. to know, εὖ οἶδα I know well; εὖ ἴςθι be assured: often c. acc. rei, νοήματα οἶδε, μήδεα οἶδε he is versed in counsels, Hom.; with neut. Adjs., πεπνυμένα, φίλα, ἀθεμίςτια εἰδώς id=Hom.; also c. gen., τόξων εὖ εἰδώς cunning in the use of the bow; οἰωνῶν ςάφα εἰδώς Od.: —χάριν εἰδέναι τινί to acknowledge a debt to another, thank him, Il., etc.:—the Imperat. in protestations, ἴςτω Ζεὺς αὐτός be Zeus my witness, id=Il.; doric ἴττω Ζεύς, ἴττω Ar.: —εἰδώς absol. one who knows, εἰδυίηι πάντ̆ ἀγορεύω Il.; ἰδυίηιςι πραπίδεςςι with knowing mind, id=Il.
2. c. inf. to know how to do, id=Il., attic
3. with the part. to know that so and so is the case, ἴςθι μοι δώςων know that thou wilt give, Aesch.; τὸν Μῆδον ἴςμεν ἐλθόντα Thuc.
4. οὐκ οἶδα εἰ, I know not whether, expresses disbelief, like Lat. nescio an non, οὐκ οἶδ̆ ἂν εἰ πείςαιμι Eur.
5. οἶδα or ἴςθι are often parenthetic, οἶδ̆ ἐγώ id=Eur.; οἶδ̆ ὅτι, οἶςθ̆ ὅτι, ἴςθ̆ ὅτι, πάρειμι Soph.; so, εὖ οἶδ̆ ὅτι Dem.: —in Trag. also, οἶςθ̆ ὃ δρᾶςον; equivalent to δρᾶςον —οἶςθ̆ ὅ; do— know'st thou what? i. e. make haste and do; οἶςθ̆ ὡς ποίηςον, etc.
1. a swelling, swell, οἴδματι θύων raging with swollen waves, Il.; in pl., Soph.:—generally, the sea, id=Soph., Eur.
1. a house, abode, dwelling, Hom., Hes., etc.:— acc. οἶκον, ͂ οἶκόνδε, οἴκαδε, homeward, home, Od.; κατ̆ οἴκους at home, within, Hdt.; κατ̆ οἶκον Soph., etc: —ἐπ̆ οἴκου ἀποχωρεῖν to go home wards, Thuc., etc.: ἀπ̆ οἴκου from home, id=Thuc.
2. part of a house, a room, chamber, Od.: pl. οἶκοι for a single house, Lat. aedes, tecta, id=Od., attic
3. the house of a god, a temple, Hdt., Eur.
4. one's house, household goods, substance, Hom., etc.
5. a house, household, family, Od., etc.
1. = o(/rmhma, Lat. impetus, οἶμα λέοντος ἔχων with the spring of a lion, Il.; αἰετοῦ οἴματ̆ ἔχων with the swoop of an eagle, id=Il.
1. a way, road, path, Hes., Aesch., etc.
2. a stripe, layer Il.
3. a strip of land, tract, country, Σκύθην ἐς οἶμον Aesch.
4. metaph. the course or strain of song, Hhymn., Pind.
1. Lat. vinum, wine, Hom., etc.; παρ̆ οἴνῳ over one's wine, Lat. inter pocula, Soph.; οἶνος ἐκ κριθῶν barley- wine, a kind of beer, Hdt.
1. wine-coloured, wine-dark (never in nom.), ἐπὶ οἴνοπι πόντῳ Hom.; of oxen, wine-red, id=Hom.
1. alone, lone, lonely, though it can often only be rendered by an adv. alone, only, Hom., Hes.; οἶος ἄνευθ̆ ἄλλων Il. ;—with negat., οὐκ οἶος, ἅμα τῷγε. . , not alone, but. . , id=Il.;—neut., οἶον as adv., id=Il.
2. strengthd., εἷς οἶος, μία οἴη one alone, one only, Hom.; in dual, δύο οἴω id=Hom.; in pl., δύο οἴαι Od.:—rare in attic
3. c. gen., οἴη θεῶν alone of the gods, Il.; so, οἴη ἐν ἀθανάτοιςιν alone among the goddesses, id=Il.; οἶος μετὰ τοῖςι Od.; but, οἶος ἀπ̆ ἄλλων alone from, apart from, id=Od.; οἶος Ἀτρειδῶν δίχα, clam Atridis, Soph.
4. single in its kind, unique, excellent, Il.
1. fate, doom, Hom., Soph., Eur.
1. such as, what sort or manner of nature, kind, or temper, Lat. qualis, relat. Pronoun, correlative to the interrog. ποῖος, the indef. ποιός, and the demonstr. τοῖος, Hom., Hes., etc.; strengthd., ὅςςος ἔην οἷός τε, Lat. qualis erat quantusque, Il.: c. acc., οἷος ἀρετήν what a man for virtue, id=Il.; often only to be rendered by an adv., οἷος μέτειςι πόλεμόνδε how he rushes into war, id=Il. Usage:
2. οἷος in an indepent sentence expresses astonishment, strengthd. by δή, οἷον δὴ τὸν μῦθον ἐπεφράςθης ἀγορεῦςαι why, what a word it has come into thy mind to speak! Od.; so in neut., as adv., v. infr. v.
3. so in indirect sentences, where no antec. can be supplied, ὁρῶν ἐν οἵοις ἐςμέν Xen.
4. containing a Comparison, often without an antec., οἷος ἀςτὴρ εἶςι like as a star wanders, Il.; οἷος καὶ Πάρις ᾔςχυνε like as Paris also dishonoured, Aesch.:—in this sense, οἷος is often attached to the case of its antec., πρὸς ἄνδρας τολμηρούς, οἵους Ἀθηναίους (for οἷοιἈθηναῖοι), Thuc.
5. οἷος, οἵα, οἷον, esp. in attic, often stand for ὅτι τοῖος, τοία, τοῖον, so that the relat. introduces the reason for the preceding statement, ἄνακτα χόλος λάβεν, οἷον ἄκουςεν anger seized the king, because of what he heard. Il.
6. but if the Comparison is general, Hom. uses οἷός τε (which must be distinguished from oi(=o/s te c. inf., v. infr. III. 2), οἷός τε Ἄρης some such one as Ares, Il.; also, οἷός τις the sort of person who, Hom.
7. when a Comparison involves Time, οἷος ὅ τε is used, like as when . . , Od.
8. οἷος is used in many brief attic phrases, οὐδὲν γὰρ οἷον ἀκούειν αὐτοῦ τοῦ νόμου there's nothing like hearing the words of the law, Dem.; —it adds force to the Sup., χωρίον οἷον χαλεπώτατον, ͂ τοιοῦτον οἷόν ἐςτι χαλεπώτατον, Xen.
9. οἷος with inf. implies Fitness or Ability to do, οἷος ἔην τελέςαι ἔργον τε ἔπος τε so ready was he to make good both deed and word, Od.; οἷος ἔην βουλευέμεν ἠδὲ μάχεςθαι so good both at counsel and in fight, Od.; τὸ πρᾶγμα μέγα καὶ μὴ οἷον νεωτέρῳ βουλεύςαςθαι the matter is great and not such as for a young man to advise upon, Thuc.; without an inf., ὁ δ̆ οἷός ἐςτιν οἰκουρὸς μόνον fit only [to be] a house-dog, Ar.
10. but this sense is commonly expressed by οἷός τε, c. inf., fit or able to do, λέγειν οἷός τε κἀγώ id=Ar.; οἷός τε ἦν πείθειν Dem.: freq. in neut. sg. and pl., οἷόν τε ἐςτί and οἷά τε ἐςτί, οἷόν τε γίγνεται it is possible, Hdt., attic; without inf., οἷόν τε ἐςτίν it is possible, οὐχ οἷόν τε ἐςτίν it cannot be, Ar.; with a Sup., καλὸν ὡς οἷόν τε μάλιςτα as beautiful as is possible, Plat.; ὡς οἷόν τε διὰ βραχυτάτων id=Plat.
11. the relat. is in attic often repeated in the same clause, οἷ̆ ἔργα δράςας οἷα λαγχάνει κακά after what deeds what sufferings are his! Soph.; οἵαν ἀνθ̆ οἵων θυμάτων χάριν what thanks and for what offerings! id=Soph.
12. as adv. in neut., to add force, οἷον ἐερςήεις how fresh, Il.; οἷα ἀτάςθαλα Od.:—the regul. adv. oi(/ws is seldom used, οἷος ὢν οἵως ἔχεις in what a state art thou for such a man! Soph.
13. in Comparisons, as, like as, just as, Hom., Trag.; οἷά τις ἀηδών Aesch.;— οἷον ὅτε like as when, cf. II. 4.
14. as, οἷον τί λέγεις; as for example, what do you mean? Plat.
15. like ὡς with a partic., οἷα ἀπροςδοκήτου γενομένου inasmuch as it was unexpected, Thuc.
16. with Numerals, about, οἷον δέκα ςταδίους, etc.
1. and not one, i. e. no one, none, as Lat. nullus, for ne ullus, Hom., etc.:—rare in pl. (οὐδαμοί being used instead), Xen.; πρὸς οὐδένας τῶν Ἑλλήνων Dem.; v. infr. II. 3.
2. οὐδεὶς ὅςτις οὐ, Lat. nemo non, every one, Hdt., attic; οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ, Lat. nihil non, every, Hdt.; this came to be regarded as one word, so that οὐδείς passed into the same case as the relative, οὐδένα ὅντινα οὐ κατέκλαςε Plat.
3. naught, good for naught, Ar.
4. in neut. of persons, οὐδέν εἰμι Hdt.; πρὸς τὸν οὐδένα Eur.; οὐδὲν εἶναι to be good for nothing, Ar.
5. in pl., οὐδένες ἐόντες being nobodies, Hdt.; ὄντες οὐδένες Eur.; ὁ μηδὲν ὢν κἀξ οὐδένων κεκλήςομαι id=Eur.
6. with Preps., παρ̆ οὐδὲν ἄγειν, θέςθαι to make of no account, Soph., Eur.; δῐ οὐδενὸς ποιεῖςθαι Soph.; ἐν οὐδενὸς εἶναι μέρει Dem.
7. neut. οὐδέν as adv. not at all, naught, Il., etc.
8. οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἤ, v. a)/llos.
1. worth no notice or regard, Il.
1. to neither of two sides, neither way, Il., Theogn.
1. or οὐκ, ἔτι, no more, no longer, no further, opp. to οὔπω (not yet), Hom., etc.
1. a throng of warriors, οὐλαμὸς ἀνδρῶν Il.
2. later, a troop of cavalry, Lat. turma, ala, Polyb., Plut.
1. barley-groats or coarsely-ground barley sprinkled over the victim before a sacrifice, Hom.; cf. ἄρχω II. 2.
1. destructive, baneful, Lat. fatalis, Hom., Hes., etc.
2. unhappy, undone, lost, Lat. perditus, Aesch., Eur.
1. the tail, of a lion, dog, etc., Hom., Hdt.
2. of an army marching, the rear-guard, rear, Xen.; κατ̆ οὐράν τινος ἕπεςθαι to follow in his rear, id=Xen.; ὁ κατ̆ οὐράν the rear-rank man, id=Xen.; ἐπί or κατ̆ οὐράν to the rear, backwards, id=Xen.; ἐπ̆ οὐρᾷ in rear, id=Xen.
3. ῥήματος οὐρή, i. e. its echo, Anth.
1. the hindmost part, bottom, ἔγχεος οὐρ. the butt-end of the spear, shod with iron, Il.
1. from heaven, down from heaven, Hom., Hes.; properly an old gen. of οὐρανός, and therefore joined with Preps., ἀπ̆ οὐρανόθεν Il.; ἐξ οὐρανόθεν id=Il.
1. adv. in the heavens: but οὐρανόθι πρό ͂ πρὸ οὐρανοῦ, in the front of heaven (cf. οὐρα^νόθεν), Il.
1. heaven: in Hom. and Hes.,
2. the vault or firmament of heaven, the sky, conceived as a concave hemisphere resting on the verge of earth, upborne by the pillars of Atlas, Od., Hes., etc.; conceived to be of solid metal, χάλκεος, πολύχαλκος, ςιδήρεος, Hom.: on this vault the sun performed his course, Od.; the stars were fixed upon it, and moved with it, for it was supposed to be always revolving, Il.
3. heaven, as the seat of the gods, above this skyey vault, the portion of Zeus, Hom.; πύλαι οὐρανοῦ Heavengate, which the Hours lifted and put down like a trapdoor, Il.
4. in common language, heaven, the sky, Hom., etc.; πρὸς οὐρανὸν βιβάζειν τινά to exalt to heaven, as Hor. evehere ad Deos, Soph.; εἰς τὸν οὐρ. ἥλλοντο leapt up on high, Xen.: a region of heaven, climate, Hdt.
5. as prop. n. Uranus, son of Erebus and Gaia, Hes.; or husband of Gaia, parent of the Titans, id=Hes., Aesch.
1. a mule, Il.
2. = ou)=ros a guard, in Il. 10. 84 the sense is uncertain.
1. a trench or channel for hauling up ships and launching them again, Il.
1. to wound, c. dupl. acc., Κυπρίδα οὔταςε χεῖρα wounded Venus on the hand, Il.; also, ςάκος οὔταςε pierced the shield, id=Il.; c. acc. cogn., ἕλκος, ὅ με βροτὸς οὔταςεν ἀνήρ the wound which a man struck me withal, id=Il.
1. to wound, hurt, hit with any kind of weapon, οὖτα δὲ δουρί, οὐτ. ἔγχεϊ, χαλκῶι, etc., Il.; properly opp. to βάλλω, to wound by striking or thrusting, id=Il.; cf. οὐτάζω; κατ̆ οὐταμένην ὠτειλήν by the wound inflicted, id=Il.; τὸ ξίφος διανταίαν [πληγήν] οὐτᾶι Aesch.
2. sometimes, generally, to wound, like βάλλω, Eur.
1. of no account, worthless, Hom.
2. regardless, reckless, Aesch.
1. = o)loo/s, baleful, baneful, οὔλιος ἀςτήρ of the dog-star, Il.; of Ares, Hes.
1. οὔ πως, no-how, in no wise, not at all, Il., etc.
1. and not, Il., Hdt.
2. mostly repeated, οὔτε . . , οὔτε . . , neither . . , nor . . , Lat. neque . . , neque . . , Hom., etc.: —οὔτε may be foll. by a posit. clause with τε, Lat. neque . . , et . . , οὔτ̆ αὐτὸς κτενέει, ἀπό τ̆ ἄλλους πάντας ἐρύξει he will both not kill and will defend, Il.:—the former οὔτε is sometimes omitted, ναυςὶ δ̆ οὔτε πεζός [neither] by sea nor by land, Pind.
1. on which account, wherefore, Hom.
2. relative to τοὔνεκα, for that, because, Pind., Trag.
3. after certain Verbs, just like ὅτι, Lat. quod, that, i. e. the fact that, after εἰδέναι, νοεῖν, ἐρέειν, Od.; after ἴςθι, μαθεῖν, Soph.:—cf. ὁθούνεκα.
4. as prep. c. gen., equiv. to ἕνεκα, εἵνεκα, on account of, because of, Aesch., Soph.
1. in this way or manner, so, thus:—properly, οὕτως is antec. to ὡς, as Lat. sic to ut, Hom., etc.; οὕτω δὴ ἔςται so it shall be, ratifying what goes before, Od., etc.:—in Prose οὕτως alone in answers, even so, just so, Xen.
2. in wishes or prayers, οὕτω νῦν Ζεὺς θείη (as Hor. sic te diva regat), Od.; οὕτως ὀναίμην τῶν τέκνων, μιςῶ τὸν ἄνδρα (as in Engl., so help me God), Ar.; οὕτω νομιζοίμην ςοφός . . id=Ar.
3. beginning a story, οὕτω ποτ̆ ἦν μῦς καὶ γαλῆ so once upon a time . . , id=Ar.; ἦν οὕτω δὴ παῖς Plat.
4. οὕτως ἔχειν, οὕτως ἔχειν τινός, v. e)/xw B. II. 2; ἔχειν is sometimes omitted, τούτων μὲν οὕτω so much for this, Aesch.
5. = ei)s tou=to, ou(/tw ta/rbous to such a pitch of terror, Eur.
6. οὕτω, or οὕτω δή, introduces the apodosis after a protasis, ἐπειδὴ περιελήλυθε ὁ πόλεμος, οὕτω δὴ Γέλωνος μνῆςτις γέγονε Hdt.:— after participles, ἐν κλιβάνῳ πνίξαντες, οὕτω τρώγουςι, i. e. ἐπειδὴ ἔπνιξαν, οὕτω . . , id=Hdt.
7. inferential Lat. itaque, Soph., Plat.
8. with an adj. or adv. so, so much, so very, καλὸς οὕτω Il.; πρυμνόθεν οὕτως so entirely, Aesch.
9. like αὔτως, with a diminishing power, so, merely so, simply, like Lat. sic, μὰψ οὕτως Il.; οὕτω πίνοντας πρὸς ἡδονήν (as Hor. jacentes sic temere), Plat.; also off-hand, at once, id=Plat.; οὐ .. οὕτως ἄπει = impune, Eur.
1. the surface of the earth, the ground, earth, Hom.; πῖαρ οὖδας the rich soil, Od.; ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας they bit the dust, of dying men, Hom.; οὔδει ἐρείςθη he propped himself on the ground, Il.; ἀπ̆ οὔδεος from the ground, οὖδάςδε to the ground, to earth, Hom.; πρὸς οὖδας φορεῖςθαι, πεςεῖν, βεβλῆςθαι Trag.
2. the floor or pavement of rooms and houses, Hom.:—proverb., ἐπ̆ οὔδεϊ καθίζειν τινά to bring a man to the pavement, i. e. to strip him of all he has, Hhymn.
1. the udder of animals, Od., Hdt.: rarely of women, the breast, Aesch.
2. metaph., οὖθαρ ἀρούρης the richest, most fertile land, like Virgil's uber arvi, Il.; of the vine, οὖθαρ βοτρύων Anth.
1. woolly, woollen, Hom.; οὔλη λάχνη thick, fleecy wool, Il.; οὖλαι κόμαι crisp, close-curling hair, Od.; οὐλότατον τρίχωμα of the hair of negroes, Hdt.
2. of plants, twisted, curling, Anth.:— generally, twisted, crooked, οὖλα ςκέλη ap. Arist.
1. destructive, baneful, Il.
1. really, at all events, used like γοῦν to dismiss a perplexing subject, οὔτ̆ οὖν ἀγγελίῃς ἔτι πείθομαι, οὔτε θεοπροπίης ἐμπάζομαι Od.; ἐλέχθηςαν λόγοι ἄπιςτοι μὲν ἐνίοιςι Ἑλλήνων, ἐλέχθηςαν δ̆ ὦν but they really were spoken, Hdt.; εἴτ̆ οὖν, εἴτε μὴ γενήςεται whether it shall be really so, or no, Eur.; εἴτ̆ οὖν ἀληθὲς εἴτ̆ οὖν ψεῦδος Plat.; εἰ δ̆ ἔςτιν, ὥςπερ οὖν ἔςτι, θεός if he is, as he surely is, a god, id=Plat.
2. added to indef. Pronouns and Advs., like Lat. cunque, ὅςτις whoever, ὁςτιςοῦν whosoever; ὅπως how, ὁπωςοῦν howsoever; ἄλλος ὁςτιςοὖν another, be he who he may; so, ὁποιοςοῦν, ὁποςοςοῦν, ὁπωςοῦν, ὁποθενοῦν, etc.
3. to continue a narrative, οἱ δ̆ ἐπεὶ οὖν ἤγερθεν so when they were assembled, Il., etc.:—also to resume after an apodosis, I say, Hdt., etc.; Hdt. inserts it between the prep. and its Verb, ἐπεὰν δὲ ταῦτα ποιήςωςι, ἀπ̆ ὦν ἔδωκαν.
4. in Inferences, then, therefore, Lat. igitur, Hdt., etc.; so, δὴ οὖν, οὖν δή Plat.
1. boundary, used by Hom. in three places, viz., ὅςα δίςκου οὖρα πέλονται as far as is the limit or space of a quoit's throw (cf. δίςκουρα), Il.; ὅςςον τ̆ ἐπὶ οὖρα πέλονται ἡμιόνων as far as is the range of mules (in ploughing), id=Il.; and so, more fully ὅςςον τ̆ οὖρον πέλει ἡμιόνοιϊν, τόςςον ὑπεκπροθέων Od.: —what the distance expressed by the range of mules may be is uncertain; the common explanation is the length by which mules would distance oxen in ploughing a given space in the same time.
1. a watcher, warder, guardian, Hom., Pind.
1. auris, the ear, Hom.; ὀρθὰ ἱςτάναι τὰ ὦτα, of horses, Hdt.; βοᾷ ἐν ὠςὶ κέλαδος rings in the ear, Aesch.; φθόγγος βάλλει δῐ ὤτων Soph.; δῐ ὤτων ἦν λόγος, i. e. heard generally, Eur.; εἰς οὖς into the ear, secretly, id=Eur.; so, εἰς ὦτα φέρειν Soph.:—metaph. of spies, Xen.; —τὰ ὦτα ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων ἔχοντες, of persons who slink away ashamed (hanging their ears like dogs), Plat.:—athletes are described as having their ears bruised and swollen, τεθλαγμένος οὔατα πυγμαῖς Theocr.
2. the ear or handle, of pitchers, cups, etc., οὔατα δ̆ αὐτοῦ τέςςαρ̆ ἔςαν Il.
1. demonstr. Pron. this, Lat. hic, to designate the nearer of two things, opp. to ἐκεῖνος, the more remote (cf. ὅδε), Hom., etc.
2. when, of two things, one precedes and the other follows, ὅδε generally refers to what follows, οὗτος to what precedes, Soph., etc.
3. so also, οὗτος is used emphat., generally in contempt, while ἐκεῖνος (like Lat. ille) denotes praise, ὁ πάντ̆ ἄναλκις οὗτος, i. e. Aegisthus, id=Soph.; οὗτος ἀνήρ Plat.; τούτους τοὺς ςυκοφάντας id=Plat.
4. in attic law-language, οὗτος is commonly applied to the opponent, whether plaintiff or defendant, whereas in Lat. hic was the client, iste the opponent, Dem.
5. often much like an adv., in local sense (cf. ὅδε init.), τίς δ̆ οὗτος κατὰ νῆας ἔρχεαι; who art thou here that comest . . ? Il.; often in attic, τίς οὑτοςί; who's this here? Ar.
6. with Pron. of 2nd pers., οὗτος ςύ, Lat. heus tu! ho you! you there! Soph., etc.; and then οὗτος alone like a Vocat., οὗτος, τί ποιεῖς; Aesch.; ὦ οὗτος οὗτος, Οἰδίπους Soph.
7. this phrase mostly implies anger, impatience, or scorn:—so, οὗτος ἀνήρ for ἐγώ, Od.
8. καὶ οὗτος is also added to heighten the force of a previous word, ναυτικῷ ἀγῶνι, καὶ τούτῳ πρὸς Ἀθηναίους Thuc.; v. infr. III. 5.
9. neut. ταῦτα in various phrases,
10. ταῦτ̆, ὦ δέςποτα yes Sir, (i. e. ταῦτά ἐςτι, etc.), Ar.; so ταῦτα δή id=Ar.
11. ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ὑπάρξει so it shall be, Plat.
12. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα, Lat. haec hactenus, id=Plat.
13. διὰ ταῦτα therefore, attic; πρὸς ταῦτα so then, therefore, Trag.:—also ταῦτα absol., therefore, Il.; ταῦτ̆ ἄρα Ar.; ταῦτα δή Aesch.; ταῦτ̆ οὖν Soph.
14. καὶ ταῦτα, adding a circumstance heightening the force of what has been said, and that, Lat. et hoc, ἄνδρα θανεῖν, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς γυναικός to think that a man should die, and that by a woman's hand, Aesch., etc.
15. τοῦτο μέν . . , τοῦτο δέ . . , on the one hand . . , on the other . . , partly . . , partly. . , Hdt.
16. dat. fem. tau/th| on this spot, here, Soph., etc.
17. in this point, herein, Ar., etc.
18. in this way, thus, Trag., etc.
19. ἐκ τούτου or τούτων, thereupon, Xen.: therefore, id=Xen.
20. ἐν τούτῳ herein, so far, Thuc., Plat., etc.
21. in the meantime, Thuc., Xen.
22. πρὸς τούτοις besides, Hdt., attic
1. = pa/nu quite, wholly, entirely, altogether, Hom., Pind.; πάγχυ δοκέειν or ἐλπίζειν to think or hope fully, Hdt.
1. long ago, in olden time, in days of yore, in time gone by Il., Soph., etc.; πάλαι ποτέ once upon a time, Ar.:—often used with a pres. in the sense of a perf., ὁρῶ πάλαι, Lat. dudum video, I have long seen, Soph.; πάλαι ποτ̆ ὄντες ye who have long ago been, Ar.;—also with the Art., τὸ πάλαι Hdt., Thuc., etc.
2. πάλαι is often used like an adj. with the Art. and a Noun, οἱ πάλαι φῶτες men of old, Pind.; Κάδμου τοῦ πάλαι Soph.; τὰ π. Dem.
3. of time just past, ἠμὲν πάλαι ἠδ̆ ἔτι καὶ νῦν Il.: hence πάλαι comes to mean not long ago, but now, just now, much like ἄρτι, Aesch., Plat.
1. of Place, back, backwards, Hom., Hes., etc.; π. χωρέειν Hdt.; π. ἔρχεςθαι Aesch., etc.; also, πάλιν δοῦναι to give back, restore, Il.:—c. gen., πάλιν τράπεθ̆ υἷος ἑοῖο she turned back from her son, id=Il.; πάλιν κίε θυγατέρος ἧς id=Il.;—also πάλιν αὖτις back again, αὖτε πάλιν, ἂψ π., π. ὀπίςςω, etc.
2. with a notion of contradiction, πάλιν ἐρεῖν to gain say (i. e. say against), Il.; but, μῦθον πάλιν λάζεςθαι to take back one's word, unsay it, id=Il.; opp. to ἀληθέα εἰπεῖν, Od.: in Prose, contrariwise, Plat.: —c. gen., τὸ πάλιν νεότητος youth's opposite, Pind.; χρόνου τὸ πάλιν the change of time, Eur.
3. of Time, again, once more, anew, Soph., etc.; so, αὖθις πάλιν, πάλιν αὖθις, αὖ πάλιν, πάλιν αὖ, αὖ πάλιν αὖθις, αὖθις αὖ πάλιν, attic
4. again, in turn, Soph.
1. to poise or sway a missile before it is thrown, Eur., Ar.
2. to sway other arms, not missiles, ςάκος Hes.; πέλτας Eur.:—then, to toss a child, Il.; Νὺξ ὄχημ̆ ἔπαλλεν she drave it furiously, Eur.
3. κλήρους ἐν κυνέηι πάλλον they shook the lots together in a helmet, till one leapt forth, Hom.: absol. to cast lots, Il.; ὅθ̆ αὐτοὺς οἱ βραβεῖς κλήροις ἔπηλαν where the stewards ranged them by casting lots, Soph.:—Mid. to draw lots, ἔλαχον ἅλα παλλομένων I obtained the sea when we cast lots, Il.; so in Hdt., Soph.
4. Pass. to swing or dash oneself, ἐν ἄντυγι πάλτο he dashed himself upon the shield-rim, Il.: to quiver, leap, esp. in fear, πάλλεται ἦτορ id=Il.; also of the person, παλλομένη κραδίην id=Il.; of dying fish, to quiver, leap, Hdt.
5. intr., like the Pass., to leap, bound, Eur.: to quiver, Soph., Eur.
1. like πάνυ, quite, wholly, altogether, Hom., Hes., Eur.; οὐδέ τι πάμπαν not at all, by no means, Il.: with the Art., τὸ π. Eur.
1. first of all, the very first, Il.: in neut. πάμπρωτον and -τα as adv., Hom.
1. catching all, Il.
1. all-blazing, Il.
1. = pannu/xios, Od., Hdt., attic
2. lasting all the night, τί πάννυχον ὕπνον ἀωτεῖς; Il.; π. ςελάνα Eur.:—neut. pl. as adv., πάννυχα the livelong night, Soph.
1. from all quarters, from every side, Lat. undique, Il., Hdt., Trag.
1. every way, in all directions, Il., Xen.
1. altogether; in Hom., always πάντως οὐ, in nowise, by no means, not at all, Lat. omnino non: ἔδεε πάντως it was altogether necessary, Hdt.; εἰ π. ἐλεύςεςθε if ye positively will go, id=Hdt.
2. in affirmations, at all events, at any rate, id=Hdt., attic; ἄλλως τε πάντως καί above all . . , Aesch.
3. with the imperat., in command or entreaty, π. παρατίθετε only put on table, Plat.
4. in answers, yes by all means, id=Plat.; so, πάντως γάρ . . Ar.; π. δήπου Plat.
1. every way, on every side, Hom., Hdt., Ar.
2. in every way, by all means, altogether, entirely, Plat., etc.
1. to get, acquire, Lat. potior, πα_ςάμενος ἐπίταςςε when you've got slaves order them, Theocr.: chiefly in perf. πέπα_μαι, ͂ κέκτημαι, to possess, Pind., Eur., Ar., 3rd pl. πέπανται Xen.; inf. πεπᾶςθαι Solon, Eur.; part. πεπα_μένος Aesch., Xen.; plup. ἐπεπάμην Xen.
1. sideways, sidewards, Il.
1. gen. εως ionic ιος; dat. ει, the pard, whether leopard, panther, or ounce, Hom., attic
1. to be seated beside or by, c. dat., Il., Eur.; ἀλλοτρίοιςι παρήμενος seated at other men's tables, Od.: generally, to dwell with, ςύεςςι π. id=Od.:—absol. to sit beside or near, Hom.
1. prep. c. gen.
2. before, in the presence of, Hom.
3. of Time, π. ἐμοῦ before me, Aesch.
4. adv.,
5. of Place, before, in front, Il.
6. of Time, before this, formerly, Hom., Trag.; οἱ π. men bygone, Pind.; τῆς π. ἡμέρας Eur.
7. πάροιθεν πρὶν . . , Lat. priusquam, Soph.
1. adv.,
2. of Time, beforetime, formerly, erst, Hom., Trag.; θεοὶ οἱ πάρος Aesch.; τά τε πάρος τά τ̆ εἰςέπειτα Soph., etc.
3. like πρίν, before, Lat. priusquam, c. inf., πάρος τάδε ἔργα γενέςθαι Il.
4. anteced. to πρίν γε, πάρος δ̆ οὐκ ἔςςεται ἄλλως, πρίν γε . . not until, id=Il.
5. before the time, too soon, id=Il.
6. rather, sooner, id=Il.
7. rarely of Place, first, ςοι βαδιςτέον π. Soph.
8. prep., poet. = pro/,
9. of Place, before, Il., Soph., Eur.
10. of Time, θανεῖν πάρος τέκνων Eur.
11. Causal, before, above, in preference to, id=Eur.
12. for, instead of, ἀδελφῶν πάρος θανεῖν id=Eur.
1. a peg on which to hang clothes, arms, etc., Hom., etc.; ἀπὸ παςςαλόφι ζυγὸν ᾕρεον Il.; ἀπὸ παςςάλου αἴνυτο τόξον Od.; ἐκ παςςαλόφι κρέμαςεν φόρμιγγα id=Od.
2. a gag, Ar.
1. to sprinkle, φάρμακα πάςςων laying salves upon a wound, Il.: —c. gen. partit., πάςςε ἁλός sprinkle some salt, id=Il.
2. to besprinkle, χρυςῶι, ῥόδοις π. τινά Ar.
3. metaph. to embroider, broider, Il.; π. ἀέθλους to work battles in embroidery, id=Il.
1. radical sense, to receive an impression from without, to suffer, as opp. to doing, ἔρξαν τ̆ ἔπαθόν τε Od.; δρᾶν καὶ πάςχειν, etc.; ὁμοίως π. τινί to be in the same case with . . , Hdt.
2. the sense is often limited by some word expressing good or evil:
3. κακῶς πάςχειν to be ill off, in evil plight, unlucky, Od., etc.; κακῶς π. ὑπό τινος to be ill used, ill treated by . . , Aesch.; often with an adj., κακά, λυγρὰ π. Il., etc.; δεινὰ π. Dem.; also with a Subst., ἄλγεα π. etc., Hom.
4. εὖ πάςχειν to be well off, in good case, lucky, Theogn., etc.; also, to receive benefits, opp. to εὖ δρᾶν, Aesch., etc.; so, ἀγαθὰ π. Hdt., etc.
5. without a limiting word, it always refers to evil, being used for κακῶς or κακὰ π., μάλα πολλ̆ ἔπαθον Od., etc.; μή τι πάθηις lest thou suffer any ill, Hom.; εἴ τι πάθοιμι or ἤν τι πάθω, a euphemism, if aught were to happen to me, i. e. if I were to die, Hdt., attic
6. τί πάθω; to express the extreme of perplexity, what is to become of me? what can I do? Hom., etc.; τί πάςχεις; what are you about? Ar.
7. the interrog. τί παθών; expresses something amiss, τί παθόντες γαῖαν ἔδυτε; what ailed you that you died? Od.
8. to be affected in a certain way, be in a certain state of mind, entertain certain feelings, Thuc., Plat.; ὅπερ ἂν οἱ πολλοὶ πάθοιεν as would be the case with most men, Thuc.; ἵνα μὴ ταὐτὸ πάθητε τῶι ἵππωι that it be not with you as with the horse in the fable, Arist.; ὑϊκὸν πάςχει he is swinishly disposed, Xen.; so of things, πάςχει τοῦτο καὶ κάρδαμα this is just the way with cress, Ar.
9. τὰ εὖ πεπονθότα benefits received, Aeschin.; cf. δράω.
1. a clatter, crash, of trees falling, Il.; a chattering of teeth, id=Il.; the plash of a body falling into water, id=Il.; the rattling or crash of thunder, Ar.: a clashing of arms, Hdt., Trag.
1. one's fatherland, native land, country, home, Il., Trag.: —πατρίς was the common prose form.
2. fatherhood, descent from a common father, ὁμὸν γένος ἤδ̆ ἴα πάτρη Il.: then, like πατριά II, a house, clan, Lat. gens, Pind.
1. a fetter, Lat. pedica, compes, mostly in pl. fetters, shackles, Il., etc.; πεδέων (ionic) ζεῦγος a pair of fetters, Hdt.; metaph., πέδαι ἀχάλκευτοι fetters not forged by smiths, of the robe in which Agamemnon was entangled, Aesch.
2. a mode of breaking in a horse, Xen.
1. mostly in pl. sandals, Hom., Hes., Eur.
2. any covering for the foot, shoes or boots, Hdt.
3. metaph., Δωρίῳ πεδίλῳ φωνὰν ἐναρμόξαι, i.e. to adapt the song to Doric rhythm, Pind.; also, ἐν τούτῳ πεδίλῳ πόδ̆ ἔχειν to have one's foot in this shoe, i. e. to be in this condition or fortune, id=Pind.
1. the ground, earth, Hhymn., attic; πέδῳ πεςεῖν to fall on the ground, to earth, Aesch.; so, ῥίπτειν πέδῳ Eur.
2. = pedi/on, Soph., Ar.
1. = pou/s, Anth.
2. metaph. the bottom or end of a body, πέζῃ ἔπι πρώτῃ at the far end, Il.
3. the edge or border of anything, of a garment, Anth.
1. to comb or card wool, Od.: Mid., χαίτας πεξαμένη when she combed her hair, Il.
2. to shear sheep, Hes., Theocr.: Mid., πόκως πέξαςθαι to have their wool shorn, Simon. ap. Ar.
1. the sea, esp. the high sea, open sea, the main, Lat. pelagus, Hom., etc.; joined with other words denoting sea, ἁλὸς ἐν πελάγεςςιν (cf. aequora ponti), Od.; πόντιον π. or πόντου π., Pind.; ἅλς πελαγία Aesch.; ἅλιον π. Eur.: often of parts of the sea (θάλαςςα), Αἰγαῖον π. Aesch.; ἐκ μεγάλων πελαγῶν, τοῦ τε Τυρςηνικοῦ καὶ τοῦ Σικελιοῦ Thuc.
2. metaph., of any vast quantity, π. κακῶν a "sea of troubles, " Aesch.; π. δύης id=Aesch.; εἰς τὸ π. τῶν λόγων Plat.; also of great difficulties, Soph.
1. the wild-pigeon, rock-pigeon, stock-dove, so called from its dark colour, Hom., Soph.
2. πέλειαι, ῶν, αἱ, name of prophetic priestesses, prob. borrowed from the prophetic doves of Dodona, Hdt.
1. an axe-handle, Il.
1. an axe for felling trees, with two edges, opp. to the ἡμιπέλεκκον, Hom., Xen.
2. a sacrificial axe, Hom.—That it was not, properly, a battle axe appears from the phrase, οὐ δόραςι μάχεςθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ πελέκεςι to fight not with spears only, but with common axes, i. e. to the last, Hdt.
3. in Theophr. Char., πέλεκυς as a child's nickname seems to mean a sharp blade.
1. Lat. pelvis, a wooden bowl, milk-pail, Il., Theocr.
1. The orig. sense, to be in motion, appears in Hom., κλαγγὴ πέλει οὐρανόθι πρό the cry goes, rises to heaven, Il.; τῶι δεκάτηι πέλεν ἠώς to him came the tenth morn, Od.; γῆρας καὶ θάνατος ἐπ̆ ἀνθρώποιςι πέλονται old age and death come upon men, id=Od.:—this sense of motion is plain in the compd. participles ἐπιπλόμενος, περιπλόμενος.
2. commonly to be, Hom.; but generally implying continuance, to be used or wont to be, Il.:—the imperf. in pres. sense, ὀϊζυρὸς ἔπλεο thou wast doomed to be, i. e. thou art, id=Hom.
1. a portent, prodigy, monster, only in nom. and acc., of the Cyclops, Od.; of Scylla, id=Od.; even of Hephaestus, Il.
1. a monster, prodigy, of the Gorgon, Hom.; of a large stag, Od.; of the animals transformed by Circe, id=Od.; πέλωρα θεῶν portents sent by the gods, Il.
1. monstrous, prodigious, huge, gigantic, with collat. notion of terrible, like πελώριος, Hom., Hes.:—neut. pl. as adv., πέλωρα βιβᾷ he strides gigantic, Hhymn.
1. the fifth, oneself with four others, πέμπτος μετὰ τοῖςιν Od.; πέμπτος αὐτός Thuc.; π. ςπιθαμή, i. e. 4 cubits and a span, Hdt.; τὸ πέμπτον μέρος a fifth, Plat.
2. ἡ πέμπτη (sc. ἡμέρα) the fifth day, Hes., Ar.
1. to send, despatch, Il., etc.; of a ship, to convey, carry, Od.; c. dupl. acc., ὁδὸν π. τινά to conduct one on his way Soph.
2. to send forth or away, dismiss, like ἀποπέμπω, to send home, Hom.; χρὴ ξεῖνον παρεόντα φιλεῖν, ἐθέλοντα δὲ πέμπειν, "welcome the coming, speed the parting guest, " Od.
3. of missiles, to discharge, shoot forth, Hes.
4. of words, to send forth, utter, Aesch., Soph.
5. to conduct, convoy, escort, Lat. deduco, Hom., etc.; ὁ πέμπων absol., of Hermes, Soph.:— πομπὴν πέμπειν to conduct a procession, Hdt., Thuc.; π. χορούς Eur., Xen.: in Pass., πέμπεςθαι Διονύςωι to be carried in procession in his honour, Hdt.
6. to send with one, give as provision for a journey, Od., Hdt., etc.
7. like ἀναπέμπω, to send up, produce, Soph.
8. in Mid., πέμπεςθαί τινα, ͂ μεταπέμπεςθαι, to send for one, Soph., Eur.
9. to send for oneself, to send in one's own service or cause some one to be sent, Soph.
1. grief, sadness, sorrow, Hom., etc.; τινός for one, Od.:—esp. of the outward signs of grief, mourning for the dead, Hom., etc.; π. ποιήςαςθαι to make a public mourning, Hdt.
2. a misfortune, Hdt., Pind.
3. of persons, a misery, Soph.
1. Dep., used in pres. and impf. :
2. intr. to work for one's daily bread; generally, to toil, work, labour, Hom.
3. to be poor or needy, Solon, Eur., etc.
4. c. gen. to be poor in, have need of, Aesch., Eur.
5. trans. to work at, prepare, get ready, δαῖτα πένοντο Od.; τί ςε χρὴ ταῦτα πένεςθαι; id=Od.
1. five-fold, in five divisions, Il.
1. five, Hom., etc.
1. in late Poets with heterog. pl. πέπλα, any woven cloth used for a covering, a sheet, carpet, curtain, veil, Il., Eur.
2. a robe, worn by women over the common dress, and falling in folds about the person, answering to the man's ἱμάτιον or χλαῖνα, Hom., etc.
3. esp. of the πέπλος of Athena, embroidered with mythol. subjects, which was carried like the sail of a galley in public procession at the Panathenaea, Eur., Plat.
4. a man's robe, Trag.; esp. of the long Persian dresses, Aesch.
1. to have breath or soul, and metaph. to be wise, discreet, prudent, πέπνυ_ςαι νόωι Il.; inf. πεπνῦςθαι Hom.; 2 sg. plup. with imperf. sense, πέπνυ_ςο Od.; part. πεπνυ_μένος, as adj., sage, wise, sagacious, Hom., Hes.
1. of fruit, cooked by the sun, ripe, mellow, Lat. mitis, Hdt., Ar., etc.
2. metaph. in voc., mostly as a term of endearment, kind, gentle, ὦ πέπον my good friend, Il.; κριὲ πέπον my pet ram, Od.;— in bad sense, soft, weak, Il.; ὦ πέπονες ye weaklings, id=Il.: —μόχθος πέπων softened pain, Soph., etc.: c. dat., ἐχθροῖς π. gentle to one's foes, Aesch.
1. enclit. Particle, adding force to the word to which it is added: when this is a Noun, the part. ὤν or ἐών is added, μινυνθάδιόν περ ἐόντα all shortlived as I am, Il.; ἀγαθός περ ἐών however brave he be, Lat. quamvis fortis, id=Il.; ἀλόχῳ περ ἐούςῃ though she be my wife, id=Il.; the part. ὤν is often omitted, φράδμων περ ἀνήρ however shrewd, id=Il.; κρατερός περ, θεοί περ Hom.; also subjoined to other participles, ἱεμένων περ however eager, Il.; ἀχνύμενός περ grieved though he be, etc.
2. sometimes it simply adds force, ἐλεεινότερός περ more pitiable by far, id=Il.; μίνυνθά περ for a very little, ὀλίγον περ id=Il.:—also to strengthen a negation, οὐδέ περ no, not even, not at all, οὐδ̆ ὑμῖν ποταμός περ ἐύ̈ρροος ἀρκέςει id=Il.
3. to call attention to one or more things of a number, however, at any rate, τιμήν πέρ μοι ὄφελλεν ἐγγυαλίξαι honour however (whatever else) he owed me, id=Il.; τόδε πέρ μοι ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ this vow at all events, id=Il.
4. added to various Conjunctions and Relative words, with which it may form one word:
5. after hypothetical Conjs., v. ei)/per.
6. after temporal Conjs., ὅτε περ just when, Il.; ὅταν περ Soph.
7. after Causal Conjs., v. e)pei/per, e)peidh/per.
8. after Relatives, v. o(/sper, oi(=o/s per, w(/sper.
9. after καί, v. kai/per.
1. on the other side, across, beyond, Lat. trans, c. gen., πέρην ἁλός Il.; τὰ πέρην τοῦ Ἴςτρου Hdt.; πόντου πέραν Aesch.
2. absol. on the other side, Hdt., Xen.
3. with Verbs of motion, foll. by εἰς, over or across to, πέρην ἐς τὴν Ἀχαιίην διέπεμψαν Hdt.; πέραν εἰς τὴν Ἀςίαν διαβῆναι Xen.: also without εἰς, διαβαλόντες πέρην having crossed over to the main land, Hdt.
4. with the Art., διαβιβάζειν εἰς τὸ πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ Xen.; τὰ πέραν things done on the opposite side, id=Xen.:— ἡ πέραν γῆ the country just over the border, the border- country. Thuc.
5. over against, opposite, c. gen., πέρην Εὐβοίης Il.
6. = pe/ra, beyond, c. gen., π. γε πόντου τερμόνων τ̆ Ἀτλαντικῶν Eur.
1. to waste, ravage, sack, destroy, a town, Hom.
2. of persons, to destroy, slay, Pind., Soph.:—metaph. of love, Eur.
3. of things, to destroy, Aesch., Soph.
4. to get by plunder, Il., Eur.
1. to export for sale, to sell as slaves (cf. περάω2), πέρναςχ̆ ὅντιν̆ ἕλεςκε πέρην ἁλὸς ἐς Σάμον Il.; περνὰς νήςων ἐπὶ τηλεδαπάων id=Il.: generally, τοῖς ξένοις τὰ χρήματα περνάς Eur.:—Pass., κτήματα περνάμενα goods sold or for sale, Il.; πάντα πέρναται Ar.
1. to soften, ripen or change, by means of heat:
2. of the sun, to ripen fruit, Od.; cf. πεπαίνω.
3. by the action of fire, to cook, dress, bake, Hdt., Ar.:—Pass., Hdt.:—Mid., πέςςεςθαι πέμματα to cook oneself cakes, id=Hdt.
4. of the stomach, to digest, like Lat. concoquere, Arist.
5. metaph., χόλον πέςςειν to cherish or nurse one's wrath, Lat. fovere, Il.; βέλος πέςςειν to have a dart in one to nurse, id=Il.; but in good sense, γέρα πεςςέμεν to enjoy them, id=Il.; also, ἀκίνδυνον αἰῶνα πέςςειν to lead a sodden life of ease, Pind.
1. a leaf, mostly in pl., Hom.:— poet., νεικέων πέταλα contentious votes (cf. πεταλιςμός), Pind.
2. a leaf of metal, Luc.
1. to fly, of birds, bees, gnats, etc., Hom., etc.:—then, of arrows, stones, javelins, etc., Il.: also of any quick motion, to fly along, dart, rush, of men, id=Il., etc.
2. metaph. to be on the wing, flutter, Lat. volitare, of uncertain hopes, Pind., Soph.; of fickle natures, Eur.; ὄρνις πετόμενος a bird ever on the wing, Ar.; πετόμενόν τινα διώκεις "you are chasing a butterfly" Plat.
1. a rock, a ledge or shelf of rock, Od.
2. a rock, i. e. a rocky peak or ridge, Hom.; π. ςύνδρομοι, ξυμπληγάδες, of the rocky islets of the Bosporus, Pind., Eur.; π. δίλοφος, of Parnassus, Soph.—Properly, πέτρα is a fixed rock, πέτρος a stone: in Od. 9, πέτραι are masses of live rock torn up by giants.
3. πέτρη γλαφυρή a hollow rock, i. e. a cave, Il.; δίςτομος π. a cave in the rock with a double entrance, Soph.
4. proverbial usages:—on οὐκ ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδ̆ ἀπὸ πέτρης, v. dru=s:— as a symbol of firmness, ὁ δ̆ ἐςτάθη ἠύτε πέτρη Od.; of hardheartedness, ἐκ πέτρας εἰργαςμένος Aesch.
1. a stone, distinguished from pe/tra (v. sub voce); in Hom., used by warriors, λάζετο πέτρον μάρμαρον ὀκριόεντα Il.; βαλὼν μυλοειδέϊ πέτρῳ id=Il.: —proverb., πάντα κινῆςαι πέτρον Eur.
1. Radical sense, to make fast; intr. and Pass. to be solid :
2. to stick or fix in, ἐν δὲ μετώπωι πῆξε [τὴν αἰχμήν] Il.; π. ἐπὶ τύμβωι ἐρετμόν Od.:— to fix in the earth, plant, Soph.; ςκηνὴν π. to pitch a tent, Plat.; (so Mid., ςκηνὰς πήξαςθαι to pitch their tents, Hdt.):—intr. perf. and Pass., δόρυ δ̆ ἐν κραδίηι ἐπεπήγει the spear stuck fast in his heart, Il.; ὀϊςτοὶ πῆχθεν ἐν χροί̈ id=Il.; [ξίφος] πέπηγεν ἐν γῆι Soph.
3. to stick or fix on, κεφαλὴν ἀνὰ ςκολόπεςςι π. to stick the head on stakes, Il., etc.: —Pass., πηχθέντας μέλη ὀβελοῖςι having their limbs fixed on spits, Eur.; παγέντες impaled, Aesch.
4. to fix the eyes upon an object, κατὰ χθονὸς ὄμματα π. Il.; ὄμματα πέπηγε πρός τι Plat.
5. to fasten together, construct, build, νῆας πῆξαι Il.; so Mid., ἄμαξαν πήξαςθαι to build oneself a wagon, Hes.
6. to make solid, stiff, hard, of liquids, to freeze, θεὸς πήγνυςι πᾶν ῥέεθρον Aesch.; ἔπηξε (sc. ὁ θεὸς) τοὺς ποταμούς Ar.:—intr. perf. and Pass. to become solid, stiff or hard, γοῦνα πήγνυται the limbs stiffen, Il.; of liquids, to become congealed, freeze, Hdt.; ἅλες πήγνυνται the salt crystallises, id=Hdt.; κρύςταλλος ἐπεπήγει οὐ βέβαιος was not frozen strong, Thuc.
7. metaph. to fix, Lat. pangere foedus, intr. perf. and Pass. to be irrevocably fixed, established, εἷς ὅρος ἡμῖν παγήςεται id=Thuc.; μὴ γὰρ ὡς θεῶι νομίζετ̆ ἐκείνωι τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι πράγματα ἀθάνατα Dem.
1. a helmet, casque, Il., Ar.
1. a wine-jar of the largest kind (cf. ἀμφορεύς), Hom., etc.; of earthenware, π. κεράμινος Hdt.; covered with a lid, Hes.
2. proverbs, εἰς τὸν τετρημένον πίθον ἀντλεῖν, of the task of the Danaids, i. e. labour in vain, Xen.; also ἐκ πίθω ἀντλεῖς, i. e. you have plenty of wine, "you are in clover, " Theocr.
1. to fill full of a thing, c. gen., Hom., etc.: c. dat. to fill with a thing, Eur.:—absol. to fill up, to fill, Il., attic
2. to fill, discharge an office, Aesch.
3. Mid. to fill for oneself, or what is one's own, πλήςαςθαι δέπας οἴνοιο to fill oneself a cup of wine, Il.; πλ. νῆας to get ships laden, Od.; θυμὸν πλήςαςθαι ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος to satiate one's desire with meat and drink, id=Od.; πεδία πίμπλαςθ̆ ἁρμάτων fill the plain full of your chariots, Eur.
4. Pass. to be filled, become or be full of, c. gen., Hom., etc.
5. to have enough of a thing, πληςθῆναι αἱμάτων Soph.; ἡδονῶν Plat.; —rarely c. dat., δάκρυςι πληςθείς Thuc.
1. to burn, burn up, πυρός with fire, Il.; πυρί Soph.; absol., Hes., Aesch.
1. a board, plank, of a ship, Od.
2. a tablet for writing on, Il., Plat., etc.
3. a trencher, platter, Od.
4. a panel, picture, Lat. tabula, Simon.: generally, an engraved plate, of a map, Hdt.
5. a register, list, Lat. album, Dem., etc.
1. to drink, Hom., etc.; π. ὕδωρ Αἰςήποιο to drink its water, i. e. live on its banks, Il.;—or c. gen. partit. to drink of a thing, π. οἴνοιο (as Fr. du vin), Od.; αἵματος ὄφρα πίω id=Od.:—also, πίνειν κρητῆρας οἴνοιο to drink bowls of wine, Il.; π. ἀπὸ κρήνης to drink of a spring, Theogn.; δέπα, ἔνθεν ἔπινον Od.; π. ἐκ ταὐτοῦ ποτηρίου Ar.; ἐξ ἀργύρου ἢ χρυςοῦ Plat.; ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ Xen.: —also, ςκύφον ὧιπερ ἔπινον with which . . , Od.:— absol., Hom., etc.; πῖνε, πῖν̆ ἐπὶ ςυμφοραῖς Ar.; διδόναι πιεῖν to give to drink, Hdt.; πιεῖν αἰτεῖν Xen.:— in perf. πέπωκα, to be drunk, Eur.; but, πίνοντά τε καὶ πεπωκότα drinking and having finished drinking, Plat.
2. metaph. to drink up, as the earth does rain, Hdt.; πιοῦςα κόνις μέλαν αἷμα Aesch., etc.
1. to fall, fall down, Hom., etc.; πίπτειν ἐν κονίηιςιν to fall in the dust, i. e. to fall and lie there, Il.; π. ἐν δεμνίοις Eur., etc.; or without ἐν, πεδίωι πίπτειν Il.; π. δεμνίοις Eur.; also, π. ἐπὶ χθονί Od.; ἐπὶ γᾶι Soph.; πρὸς πέδωι Eur.; with a Prep. of motion, π. ἐς πόντον Hes.; ἐπὶ γᾶν Aesch.; πρὸς οὖδας Eur.
2. Special usages:
3. πίπτειν ἔν τιςι to fall violently upon, attack, ἐνὶ νήεςςι πέςωμεν Il.; πρὸς μῆλα καὶ ποίμνας Soph.
4. to throw oneself down, fall down, πρὸς βρέτη θεῶν Aesch.; ἀμφὶ γόνυ τινός Eur.
5. to fall in battle, πίπτε δὲ λαός Il., etc.; οἱ πεπτωκότες the fallen, Xen.; π. δορί by the spear, Eur.; —π. ὑπό τινος to fall by another's hand, Hdt.
6. to fall, be ruined, ὁ jέρξεω ςτρατὸς αὐτὸς ὑπ̆ ἑωυτοῦ ἔπεςε, Lat. mole sua corruit, id=Hdt.
7. to fall, sink, ἄνεμος πέςε the wind fell (so Virg. cadunt austri), Od.
8. to fall short, fail, Plat.; of a play, to fail, Ar.
9. ἐκ θυμοῦ πίπτειν τινί to fall out of his favour, Il.; so, π. ἐξ ἐλπίδων Eur.: —reversely, π. ἐς κακότητα Theogn.; εἰς νόςον Aesch.; φόβον, ἀνάγκας Eur., Thuc., etc.; also, π. ἐν φόβωι Eur.; π. δυςπραξίαις Soph.
10. π. εἰς ὕπνον to fall asleep, id=Soph.; or simply ὕπνωι Aesch.
11. πίπτειν μετὰ ποςςὶ γυναικός to fall between her feet, i. e. to be born, Il.
12. of the dice, τὰ δεςποτῶν εὖ πεςόντα θήςομαι I shall count my master's throws good or lucky, Aesch.; so of lots, ὁ κλῆρος π. τινί or παρά τινα Plat.; ἐπί τινα NTest.
13. generally, to fall, turn out, εὖ, καλῶς πίπτειν to be lucky, Eur., etc.
14. to fall under, belong to a class, Arist.
1. pitch, Lat. pix, Il., Hdt., etc.: proverb., ἄρτι μῦς πίττης γεύεται, i. e. he has got the first taste of misery, Dem.
1. trusting on, relying or depending on, confiding in another, c. dat., Il., Hdt.
1. to spread out, ἠέρα πίτνα (epic for ἐπίτνα) Il.; πιτνὰς εἰς ἐμὲ χεῖρας stretching out his arms to me, Od.; πίτναν τ̆ εἰς αἰθέρα χεῖρας (for ἐπίτναν) Pind.:—Pass., ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται πίτναντο Il.
1. the pine, stone pine, Hom.:—proverb., πίτυος τρόπον ἐκτρίβεςθαι to be destroyed like a pine, i. e. utterly, because the pine when cut down never grows again, Hdt.
1. neut. πῖον, gen. πίονος, fat, plump, Lat. pinguis, Hom.; π. δημός rich fat, Il.; of oil, Hdt.
2. of soil, fat, rich. Il.; also, πίονα ἔργα pingues segetes, id=Il.; ὀπώρας πίων ποτός, of wine, Soph.
3. of persons and places, rich, wealthy, Hom., Aesch.; πίονι μέτρῳ in plenteous measure, Theocr.
4. The comp. and Sup. are πι_ότερος, πι_ότατος, as if from pi=os.
1. all-brasen, all-brass, Hom., Od., Trag.
1. all-golden, of solid gold, Il., Hes.
1. killing children, Il., Eur.; π. ςυμφορή the accident or calamity of having killed a son, Hdt.; π. αἷμα the blood of slain children, Eur.
1. craggy, rugged, old epic word of uncertain origin, epith. of hills, mountain-paths, and rocky islands, Hom.
1. to dart or rush wildly about, Il.
1. the palm of the hand, the hand, Hom., Pind.; πάςχειν τι ὑπ̆ Ἄρηος παλαμάων by the hands of Ares, Il.:—hence a deed of force, Soph.
2. the hand as used in works of art, Hes.
3. metaph. cunning, art, a device, plan, method, Hdt., etc.; π. βιότου a device for one's livelihood, Theogn.: of the gods, θεοῦ ςὺν παλάμᾳ, θεῶν παλάμαι, παλάμαις Διός by their arts, Pind.; παλάμας πλέκειν Ar.; π. πυριγενής a fire-born instrument, i. e. a sword, Eur.
1. to besprinkle, sully, defile, Od.; mostly in Pass., Hom.:—Mid., παλάςςετο χεῖρας he defiled his hands, Il.
2. Pass. also of things, to be scattered abroad, id=Il.
3. perf. pass. of lots shaken in an urn, κλήρῳ πεπαλάχθαι to determine one's fate by lot, Hom.; cf. πάλος.
1. to gather collected again, Il.
2. repeated.
1. starting back, Il.:—neut. as adv. back again, Anth.; attic παλίνορρον, with a backward wrench, Ar.
1. back-stretched, back-bending, epith. of the bow, Hom. It denotes the form of the Homeric bow, which when unstrung bent in a direction contrary to that which it took when strung.
2. ἡνίαι π. back-stretched reins, Ar.
1. pursuit back again or in turn, as when fugitives rally and turn on their pursuers, Il., Hes.
1. to wrestle, Il., Plat.: π. τινί to wrestle with one, Od., Pind.:—Pass., παλαιςθείς beaten, Eur.
1. born long ago, full of years, ancient, Hom.; ἄνθρωποι Aesch., Eur.
1. wrestling, the wrestler's art, Hom.
1. old in years,
2. of persons, old, aged, ἢ νέος ἠὲ παλαιός Hom.; π. γέρων, π. γρηῦς Od.; χρόνῳ π. Soph.
3. of things, οἶνος Od.; νῆες id=Od.
4. of old date, ancient,
5. of persons, Hom.; Μίνως παλαίτατος ὧν ἀκοῇ ἴςμεν Thuc.; οἱ π. the ancients, Lat. veteres, id=Thuc.
6. of things, Od., Hdt., etc.: —τὸ παλαιόν, as adv. like τὸ πάλαι, anciently, formerly, Hdt., etc.; ἐκ παλαιοῦ from of old, id=Hdt.; ἐκ παλαιτέρου from older time, id=Hdt.; ἐκ παλαιτάτου Thuc.
7. of things, also, antiquated, obsolete, Aesch., Soph.
1. falling back:—in neut. as adv., back, back again, Hom.
1. Pass. to wander back, only in aor. 1 part. παλιμπλαγχθείς wandering homewards, Hom.
1. to be taken back or recalled, ἔπος οὐ παλινάγρετον an irrevocable word, Il.
1. a concubine, mistress, Lat. pellex, opp. to a lawful wife (κουριδίη ἄλοχος), Hom.
1. to strew or sprinkle, ἄλφιτα παλύνειν Hom.
2. to bestrew, besprinkle, with dat. of the thing sprinkled, παλύνας ἀλφίτου ἀκτῇ Od.
3. of liquids, ἁ ςῦριγξ εὐρῶτι παλύνεται Theocr.
4. to sprinkle, cover lightly, χιὼν ἐπάλυνεν ἀρούρας Il.
1. all-variegated, of rich and varied work, Hom.: all-spotted, of fawn-skins, Eur.
1. to shine or beam brightly, of burnished metal, Il.; of a star, id=Il.; ςτήθεςι παμφαίνοντες with their breasts white-gleaming, i. e. naked, id=Il.
1. bright-shining, beaming, of burnished metal, Il.; of the Sun, Od.
1. all-hapless, Il.
1. epith. of armour, either all-variegated, sparkling, or, quite light, easily-moved, Il.
2. metaph. manifold, Aesch.
1. all-away from the friends of one's youth, Il.
1. all-untimely, doomed to an untimely end, Il., Anth.
1. the all-subduer, all-tamer, Hom., Soph.
1. all day long, πανημέριοι θεὸν ἱλάςκοντο continued to appease the god all day long, Il.; ὅςςον τε πανημερίη νηῦς ἤνυςεν as much as a ship sails in a whole day, Od.:—neut. πανημέριον, as adv. = panh=mar, Il.
2. of the whole day, Eur.
1. all night long, εὗδον παννύχιοι Il.; π. χοροί Soph.; τὸ ἐλλύχνιον καίεται παννύχιον Hdt.:—neut. as adv., Il. παν-νυ_χίς, ίδος, ἡ, (νύξ) a night-festival, vigil, Hdt., Eur., etc.
2. a night-watch, vigil, Soph.
1. sender of all ominous voices, author of all divination, Il., Anth.
1. with all speed, = pa/sh| th=| spoudh=|, Il.; attic πανςυδίᾳ or παςςυδίᾳ, Eur.—No nom. πανςυδία occurs, cf. πανςτρατιά.
1. of all sorts or kinds, manifold, Hom., Hdt., Soph.
2. παντοῖος γίγνεται he takes all shapes, i. e. tries every shift, turns every stone, Hdt.
3. adv. -ws, in all kinds of ways, id=Hdt., Plat.
1. all-seen, in the sight of all, Il.
1. last of all, Hom., Soph., Eur., Anth.
1. to call any one papa, Il.
1. to look earnestly, gaze, Hom.; mostly with notion of alarm or caution, to look or peer around, id=Hom.
2. c. acc. to look round for, look after, Il., Pind.; παπτάναις (doric aor1 part.) having set eyes on a thing, Pind.: to glare at, τινά Soph.
1. from the side of, c. gen., beside, alongside of, c. dat., to the side of, motion alongside of, c. acc.
2. prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Radical sense beside:
3. WITH GENIT. from the side of, from beside: from, φάςγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυςςάμενος παρὰ μηροῦ Il.
4. commonly of Persons, ἦλθε πὰρ Διός id=Il.; ἀγγελίη ἥκει παρὰ βαςιλῆος Hdt.; ὁ παρά τινος ἥκων his messenger, Xen.
5. issuing from a person, γίγνεςθαι παρά τινος to be born from him, Plat.; when it follows a Noun, a particip. may be supplied, ἡ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων δόξα glory from (given by) men, id=Plat.; τὸ παρ̆ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, Xen.; παρ̆ ἑαυτοῦ διδόναι to give from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, Hdt.
6. with Verbs of receiving and obtaining, τυχεῖν τινος παρά τινος Od.; εὑρέςθαι τι παρά τινος Isocr.; δέχεςθαι, λαμβάνειν τι παρά τινος Thuc.; μανθάνειν, ἀκούειν παρά τινος Hdt.
7. with Pass. Verbs, on the part of (not, like ὑπό, of the direct agent), παρὰ θεῶν δίδοταί or ςημαίνεταί τι Plat.; τὰ παρά τινος λεγόμενα or ςυμβουλευόμενα Xen.; φάρμακον πιεῖν παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ by his prescription, Plat.
8. in poetic passages, for παρά c. dat., near, πὰρ Σαλαμῖνος Pind.; πὰρ Κυανεᾶν ςπιλάδων Soph.; παρ̆ Ἰςμηνοῦ ῥείθρων id=Soph.
9. WITH DAT. beside, alongside of, by, with Verbs implying rest, used to answer the question where?
10. of Places, ἧςθαι πὰρ πυρί Od.; ἑςτάναι παρ̆ ὄχεςφιν Il.; πὰρ ποςςί at one's feet, id=Il.; παρὰ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάςςης id=Il.
11. of persons, κεῖτο παρὰ μνηςτῇ ἀλόχῳ id=Il.; ςτῆναι παρά τινι to stand by him, id=Il.
12. like Lat. apud, French chez, at one's house, μένειν παρά τινι id=Il.; οἱ παρ̆ ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι the people here, Plat.; ἡ παρ̆ ἡμῖν πολιτεία Dem.:—like Lat. apud for penes, in one's own hands, ἔχειν παρ̆ ἑωϋτῷ Hdt.
13. Lat. coram, before, in the presence of, ἤειδε παρὰ μνηςτῆρςιν Od.: before a judge, Hdt., attic; παρ̆ ἐμοί, Lat. me judice, Hdt.; εὐδοκιμεῖν, μέγα δύναςθαι, τιμᾶςθαι παρά τινι with one, Plat.
14. WITH ACCUS. to the side of an object, or motion alongside of it:
15. of Place,
16. with Verbs of coming and going, βῆ παρὰ θῖνα Il.; παρ̆ hφαιςτον to his chamber, id=Il.; εἰςιέναι παρά τινα to go into his house, Thuc., Plat.
17. with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ̆ ὄχθας lies stretched beside the river banks, Il.; παρ̆ ἔμ̆ ἵςταςο come and stand by me, id=Il.
18. with Verbs of striking, wounding, βάλε ςτῆθος παρὰ μαζόν Il.; αἰχμὴ δ̆ ἐξεςύθη παρὰ ἀνθερεῶνα id=Il.
19. with Verbs of passing by, leaving on one side, Hom.; παρὰ τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι Xen.
20. by or beside the mark, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, Il.
21. contrary to, against, παρὰ μοῖραν contrary to destiny, Hom.; παρ̆ αἶςαν, παρὰ τὰς ςπονδάς Thuc.; παρὰ δόξαν contrary to opinion, id=Thuc.; παρ̆ ἐλπίδας Soph.
22. beside, except, οὐκ ἔςτι παρὰ ταῦτ̆ ἄλλα beside this there is nothing else, Ar.; παρὰ ἓν πάλαιςμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα he won the Olympic prize save in one conflict, he was within one of winning it, Hdt.; so, παρὰ ὀλίγον only just, Eur.; παρ̆ ἐλάχιςτον ἦλθε ἀφελέςθαι was within an ace of taking away, Thuc.; παρὰ τοςοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου came within such a degree of peril, i. e. was in such imminent peril, id=Thuc.: —opp. to these phrases is παρὰ πολύ by far, δεινότατον παρὰ πολύ Ar.; παρὰ πολὺ νικᾶν Thuc.:—but
23. παρὰ ὀλίγον ποιεῖςθαι, ἡγεῖςθαι to hold of small account, Xen.; παρ̆ οὐδέν ἐςτι are as nothing, Soph.
24. with a sense of alternation, παρ̆ ἡμέραν or παρ̆ ἦμαρ, doric παρ̆ ἆμαρ, day by day, Pind., Soph.; πληγὴ παρὰ πληγήν blow for blow, Ar.
25. with a sense of Comparison, παρὰ τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥςπερ θεοὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουςι men beyond all other animals live like gods, Xen.; χειμὼν μείζω παρὰ τὴν καθεςτηκυῖαν ὥραν Thuc.
26. metaph. to denote dependence, on account of, because of, by means of, παρὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν id=Thuc.; παρὰ τοῦτο γέγονε Dem.
27. of Time, along the whole course of, during, παρὰ τὴν ζόην Hdt.; παρὰ πάντα τὸν χρόνον Dem.; παρὰ ποτόν while they were at wine, Aeschin.
28. at the moment of, παρ̆ αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα, flagrante delicto, Dem.
29. POSITION: —παρά may follow its Subst. in all cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα.
30. πάρα (with anastrophe) also stands for πάρεςτι and πάρειςι.
31. παρά absol., as adv., near, together, at once, in Hom.
32. IN COMPOS.,
33. alongside of, beside, παράλληλοι, παραπλέω.
34. to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.
35. to one side of, by, past, παρέρχομαι, παρατρέχω.
36. metaph.:
37. aside, i. e. amiss, wrong, παραβαίνω, παρακούω.
38. of comparison, παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι.
39. of change, παραλλάςςω, παράφημι.
1. to lie beside or before, Hom.:—metaph., ὑμῖν παράκειται ἐναντίον ἠὲ μάχεςθαι ἢ φεύγειν the choice lies before you, to fight or to flee, Od.:—in part. close at hand, present, Pind.
1. a wife, spouse, Il.; epic dat. παρακοίτι_ Od.
1. to speak gently to, to advise, c. dat., Il.:—Mid. to persuade, appease, c. acc., Hom.
2. to speak deceitfully or insincerely, Pind.; and, in Mid., id=Pind.
1. Dep. to sit beside, Theogn.; cf. παρίζω.
1. as prep.,
2. c. gen. loci, outside, before, παρὲκ λιμένος Od.; παρὲξ ὁδοῦ out of the road, Il.
3. like χωρίς, besides, except, exclusive of, παρὲξ τοῦ ἀργύρου Hdt.
4. c. acc. out by the side of, along side of, παρὲξ ἅλα Il.; παρὲξ τὴν νῆςον away from the island, Od.; παρὲξ δοῦρα out of the way of spears, id=Od.; παρὲκ νόον out of sense and reason, foolishly, Il.; παρὲξ Ἀχιλῆα without the knowledge of Achilles, id=Il.
5. as adv.,
6. of Place, out beside, ςτῆ δὲ παρέξ hard by, Il.; νῆχε παρέξ was swimming out along shore, Od.
7. metaph. beside the mark, παρὲξ ἀγορεύειν Il.
8. ἄλλα παρὲξ μεμνώμεθα let us talk of something else, Od.; παρὲξ ἢ ὅςον except so long as, Hdt.
1. Dep.:— to go by, beside or past, to pass by, pass, Od.; παρῆλθεν ὁ κίνδυνος ὥςπερ νέφος passed away, Dem.
2. of Time, to pass, Hdt.; ὁ παρελθὼν ἄροτος the past season, Soph.; π. ὁδοί wanderings now gone by, id=Soph.; ἐν τῷ παρελθόντι in time past, of old, Xen.; τὰ παρεληλυθότα past events, Dem.
3. to pass by, outstrip, Hom., Theogn., attic; τοὺς λόγους τὰ ἔργα παρέρχεται Dem.
4. to outwit, escape, elude, Il., Hdt., Eur.
5. to arrive at, π. εἰς . . Hes.
6. to pass in, ἐς τὴν αὐλήν Hdt.; π. ἔςω or εἴςω to go into a house, etc., Trag.; c. acc., π. δόμους Eur.
7. to pass without heeding, τεὸν βωμόν Il.: to pass by, pass over, disregard, slight, θεούς Eur.
8. to overstep, transgress, τοὺς νόμους Dem.
9. to pass unnoticed, escape the notice of, τουτὶ παρῆλθέ με εἰπεῖν id=Dem.
10. in attic to come forward to speak, π. εἰς τὸν δῆμον Thuc.; absol., παρελθὼν ἔλεξε τοιάδε id=Thuc.
1. Act. to hold beside, hold in readiness, to furnish, provide, supply, Hom., etc.:—absol., πᾶςι παρέξω I will provide for all, Od.
2. to afford, cause, grant, give, φιλότητα, εὐφροςύνην Hom.; ὄχλον Hdt.; χάριν, εὔνοιαν Soph., etc.
3. to present or offer for a purpose, c. inf., [ὄϊες] παρέχουςι γάλα θῆςθαι Od.; π. τὸ ςῶμα τύπτειν Ar.; π. ἑαυτόν τινι ἐρωτᾶν Plat.:—hence, absol., to submit oneself, ἰατροῖς παρέχουςι ἀποτέμνειν Xen.; πάρεχε ἐκποδών make yourself scarce, Ar.
4. with reflex. Pron. and a predicative, to shew or exhibit oneself so and so, π. ἑαυτὸν ςοφιςτήν Plat.; εὐπειθῆ Xen.; π. γῆν ἄςυλον to offer the country as an asylum, Eur.
5. to allow, grant, ςιγὴν παραςχών Soph.;—c. inf. to allow one to do a thing, id=Soph.
6. impers., παρέχει τινί c. inf. (where ὁ καιρός may be supplied), it is allowed, easy, in one's power to do so and so, Hdt., Eur., etc.:—so neut. part. used absol., παρέχον it being in one's power, since one can, Hdt., Thuc.
7. in attic to produce a person on demand, Xen., etc.
8. Mid. παρέχομαι, fut. -έξομαι and -ςχήςομαι: perf. pass. (in mid. sense) -έςχημαι:— to supply of oneself or from one's own means, Hdt., etc.
9. to furnish, produce, κροκοδείλους id=Hdt.
10. to display on one's own part, exhibit, προθυμίαν id=Hdt., etc.
11. in attic law, παρέχεςθαί τινα μάρτυρα to bring forward as a witness, Plat.
12. to produce as one's own, ἄρχοντα παρέχεςθαί τινα to acknowledge as one's general, Hdt.; π. πόλιν, of an ambassador, to represent a city in one's own person, Thuc.
13. to offer, promise, Hdt., etc.
14. to make so and so for or towards oneself, παραςχέςθαι θεὸν εὐμενῆ Eur.
15. in Arithmetic, to make up, amount to, παρέχονται ἡμέρας διηκοςίας Hdt.
1. the cheek, jaw, Hom.
2. παρήιον the cheek-ornament of a bridle, Il. Cf. παρειά.
1. hanging or hung beside: παρήορος (sc. ἵππος) a horse which draws by the side of the regular pair (ξυνωρίς), an outrigger, elsewhere παράςειρος, ςειραφόρος, Il.
2. lying along, outstretched, sprawling, id=Il., Aesch.
3. metaph. (from the fact that the ἵππος π. was given to prancing), reckless, distraught, senseless, Il.
1. to let drop beside or at the side, let fall, Soph., Eur.:—Pass., παρείθη ποτὶ γαῖαν it hung down to earth, Il.
2. to pass by, pass over, leave out, Lat. omitto, Hdt., Soph.
3. to pass unnoticed, disregard, let alone, Lat. praetermittere, Hdt., Aesch.; τὰ παθήματα παρεῖς̆ ἐάςω Soph.; so in Pass., πόθος παρεῖτο id=Soph.; παρεθῆναι Dem.
4. c.inf. to omit to do, Plat., etc.; and with a negat. repeated, μὴ παρῇς τὸ μὴ οὐ φράςαι Soph.
5. of Time, to let pass, τὸν χειμῶνα Hdt.; τὸν καιρόν Thuc.
6. to relax, slacken, remit, γόον, χόλον Eur.:—Pass. to be relaxed, weakened, exhausted, id=Eur.
7. τοῦ ποδὸς παριέναι to slack away the sheet, v. pou/s II. 2; so metaph., τοῦ μετρίου παρείς letting go one's hold of moderation, i. e. giving it up, Soph.
8. to remit punishment, to forgive, pardon, Ar.
9. to yield, give up, Lat. concedere, νίκην τινί Hdt., attic: — to leave a thing to another, ςοὶ παρεὶς τάδε Soph.; παρῆκεν, ὥςτε βραχέα μοι δεῖςθαι φράςαι left it so that there is need for me to say but little, id=Soph.
10. to permit, allow, c. dat. pers. et inf., ἄλλῳ παρήςομεν ναυμαχήςειν Hdt.; absol., the inf. being understood, Soph.
11. to allow to pass, let pass, let in, admit, Hdt., Eur., etc.; so perf. pass. in mid. sense, βαρβάρους εἰς τὰς ἀκροπόλεις παρεῖνται have admitted them into their citadels, Dem.
12. Mid. παρίεςθαί τινα to obtain leave from him, obtain his consent, Soph., Plat.
13. to beg to be let off something, οὐδέν ςου παρίεμαι I ask no quarter, Plat.: to beg a favour, id=Plat.; παριέμεςθα we ask pardon, Eur.
1. Causal in pres., imperf., fut. and aor1 to make to stand or to place beside, Polyb.; παραςτήςας τὰ ὅπλα having brought his arms into view, Dem.
2. to set before the mind, present, offer, bring home to the mind, c. inf., id=Dem.; π. τινὶ θαρρεῖν to give one confidence, Aeschin.
3. to make good, prove, shew, Lys., NTest.
4. to set side by side, compare, Isocr.
5. Pass., with aor2, perf. and plup. act., intr., to stand by, beside or near, Hom.; so aor1 pass. part. παραςταθείς, Eur.
6. to stand by, i. e. to help or defend, τινι Il., Hdt., Trag.
7. in past tenses, to have come, be at hand, be present, Il.
8. of events, to be near, be at hand, Hom.; perf. part., Lat. praesens, τὸ χρῶμα τὸ παρεςτηκός Ar.; attic also παρεςτώς, ῶςα, ός, Trag.; τὰ παρεςτῶτα present circumstances, Aesch.; πρὸς τὸ παρεςτός Ar.
9. to come to the side of another, come over to his opinion, Hdt.: absol. to come to terms, surrender, submit, id=Hdt., Dem.
10. to happen to one, Hdt.: to come into one's head, occur to one, δόξα μοι παρεςτάθη Soph.:—impers., παρίςταταί μοι it occurs to me, Hdt., Thuc.
11. absol., παρεςτηκός, ͂ παρόν, since it was in their power, since the opportunity offered, Thuc.
12. Some tenses of Mid., esp. fut. and aor1, are used in causal sense:
13. to bring forward, produce, Xen.; esp. in a court of justice, Dem.
14. to bring to one's side, and so,
15. to bring over by force, bring to terms, Hdt., Soph., etc.
16. to gain by kindness, win over, Thuc., Dem.
17. generally, to dispose for one's own views or purposes, Hdt.
1. to hold in readiness, Il.: to present, offer, id=Il.
1. of ill omen, ominous, Il.
1. to dart past, Il.; c. acc., ἵπποι γάρ με παρήιξαν id=Il.
1. persuasion, Il.
1. to throw beside or by, throw to one, as fodder to horses, Hom.: to hold out as a bait, Xen.
2. to cast in one's teeth, Lat. objicere, τί τινι Aeschin.
3. to expose, παρέβαλεν ἐμέ exposed me to them, Ar.:—Mid. to expose oneself or what is one's own to danger, αἰὲν ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος πολεμίζειν risking it in war, Il.; so, παραβάλλεςθαι τὰ τέκνα Hdt.:—Pass., κύβοιςι παραβεβλημένος given up to dice, Ar.
4. Mid. also to set what one values upon a chance, to hazard it as at play, πλείω παραβαλλόμενοι having greater interests at stake, Thuc.; so in perf. pass., Λακεδαιμονίοις πλεῖςτον δὴ παραβεβλημένοι having risked far the most upon them, id=Thuc.;—also, τὸν κίνδυνον τῶν ςωμάτων παραβαλλομένους id=Thuc.
5. to lay beside, to compare one with another, τί τινι Hdt.; τι πρός τι Xen.; τι παρά τι Plat.:—so in Mid., absol., παραβαλλόμεναι vying with one another, Eur.; —and in Pass., ἀπάτα δ̆ ἀπάταις παραβαλλομένα one piece of treachery set against others, Soph.
6. Mid. to bring alongside, τὴν ἄκατον παραβάλλου bring your boat alongside, Ar.; and absol., παραβαλοῦ id=Ar.
7. to throw, turn, bend sideways, παραβάλλειν τὸν ὀφθαλμόν or τὼ ὀφθαλμώ to cast the eyes askance, like a timid animal, id=Ar., Plat.; so, π. τὸ ἕτερον οὖς πλάγιον to turn one's ears to listen, Xen.; π. τοὺς γομφίους to lay to one's grinders, Ar.
8. to deposit with one, entrust to him, Lat. committere, τί τινι Hdt.
9. in Mid. to deceive, betray, id=Hdt., Eur., etc.
10. intr. to come near, approach, Plat., Arist.; π. ἀλλήλοις to meet one another, Plat.
11. to go by sea, to cross over, Lat. trajicere, παρέβαλε νηυςί Hdt.; so of the ships, ναῦς Πελοποννηςίων παρέβαλον εἰς Ἰωνίαν Thuc.
12. to turn aside, pass over, Arist.
1. one who stands beside: properly the warrior who stood beside the charioteer, Il., Eur., Xen.
2. in pl. light troops (velites) who ran beside the horsemen, Plut.
3. （παραβαίνω II. 1) a transgressor, Aesch.
1. to go by the side of, c. dat., Ἕκτορι παρβεβαώς standing beside Hector in the chariot, Il.; παρβεβαῶτε ἀλλήλοιιν id=Il.; so imperf. παρέβαςκε is used as = h)=n paraba/ths, id=Il.
2. to pass beside or beyond, to overstep, transgress, τὰ νόμιμα Hdt.; δίκην Aesch.; τὰς ςπονδάς Ar., Thuc.:—absol., παραβάντες the transgressors, Aesch.:—Pass. to be transgressed, ςπονδὰς ἅς γε ὁ θεὸς νομίζει παραβεβάςθαι Thuc.; νόμῳ παραβαθέντι id=Thuc.; παραβαινομένων, absol., though offences are committed, id=Thuc.
3. to pass over, omit, Soph., Dem.: οὔ με παρέβα φάςμα it escaped me not, Eur.
4. to come forward, π. πρὸς τὸ θέατρον to step forward to address the spectators, Ar.; cf. παράβαςις III.
1. thrown in by the way, παραβλήδην ἀγορεύων speaking with a side-meaning, i. e. maliciously, deceitfully, Il.; cf. παράβολος I.
1. to go beside, for the purpose of protecting, c. dat., Il.
1. looking askance, squinting, Il.
1. to sleep beside another, c. dat., Hom.
1. to exhibit side by side: generally, to exhibit, bring forward, in Mid., Dem.
2. to represent as so and so, π. τινὰ οὐκ ὄντα Polyb.: also in bad sense, like παραδειγματίζω, Plut.
3. to exhibit and hand over, τί τινι Xen.
1. to creep past, slink or steal past, Il.
2. to creep or steal in, Plat., Dem.
1. to lift up beside:—Pass., aor1 παρ-ηέρθην, to hang on one side, Il.
1. to throw down beside, Il.; ζῶμα δέ οἱ παρακάββαλεν put a waistband on him, id=Il.
2. as attic law-term, to make a special claim to property, when the claimant deposited a sum of money called παρακαταβολή, Dem.
1. to bend or turn aside, παρακλίνας κεφαλήν Od.; π. τὴν θύραν, τὴν πύλην to set it ajar, Hdt.
2. metaph., ἄλλῃ παρκλίνουςι δίκας they turn justice from her path, Hes.
3. to lay beside another:—Pass. to lie down beside, at meals, Lat. accumbere, τινι Theocr.
4. intr. to turn aside, Il.; παρακλίναςα having swerved from the course, Aesch.
1. one who sleeps beside, a bedfellow, husband, spouse, Il., Hes.
1. to hang beside, χεῖρα παρακρεμάςας letting the hand hang down, Il.
1. to lay beside: Mid. to lie beside or with another, c. dat., ὁ δέ οἱ παρελέξατο λάθρη Il.;epic aor2 παρέλεκτο Hhymn.
2. παραλέγεςθαι τὴν γῆν to sail or coast along, Lat. legere oram, NTest.
1. to stay beside or near, stand by another, c. dat., Il., Ar.; παρά τινι Aeschin.:—of slaves, to remain faithful, Plat.; hence Παρμένων, trusty, as a slave's name, Menand.
2. absol. to stand one's ground, stand fast, Il., Hdt., attic; to remain with the army, Thuc.
3. to stay at a place, stay behind or at home, Hdt.
4. to survive, remain alive, id=Hdt.
5. of things, to endure, last, Eur., Xen.
1. Dep.:
2. to encourage or exhort one to do a thing, c. dat. pers. et inf., τοῖς ἄλλοιςιν ἔφη παραμυθήςαςθαι οἴκαδ̆ ἀποπλείειν Il.; c. acc. pers., παραμυθοῦ με (sc. ποιεῖν); ὅ τι καὶ πείςεις Aesch.:—c. acc. pers. only, to encourage, exhort, advise, Plat., Xen.
3. to console, comfort, τινα Hdt., attic
4. to pacify, παρεμυθεῖτο attempted to pacify them, Thuc.
5. to assuage, abate, Plut.: to soften down, explain away, Strab.
1. to mislead, beguile, Od.:—c. inf. to induce one to do a thing by craft or fraud, Il.
1. to persuade gradually, win over, beguile, Hom., in epic aor2, 3rd sg. παραιπεπίθῃςιν, part. παρ-πεπι^θών.
1. to make to wander from the right way, to drive seamen from their course, Od.:—metaph. to lead astray, perplex, id=Od.:—Pass., παρεπλάγχθη ἰός the arrow went aside, Il.; παραπλαγχθῆναι γνώμης to wander from reason, Eur.
1. of persons, that may be moved by words, Il.
2. of words, persuasive, id=Il.
1. at one's side, Hom., Theogn.
1. to make an arrow glance aside, Il.; π. τινά τινος to foil one of [obtaining] a thing, Pind.
1. in attic παράκειμαι generally serves as the Pass.:— to place beside, Od., attic:—of meals, to set before, serve up, τί τινι Hom.; οἱ παρατιθέντες the serving-men, Xen.:—Pass., τὰ παρατιθέμενα meats set before one, id=Xen.
2. generally, to offer, provide, Od., Plat.
3. to place upon, ςτεφάνους παρέθηκε καρήατι Hes.
4. to lay before one, explain, τί τινι Xen., NTest.
5. to compare, τί τινι Plut.
6. Mid. to set before oneself, have set before one, Od., Thuc., etc.
7. to deposit what belongs to one in another's hands, give in charge, commit, Hdt., Xen.; τι εἴς τινα or τινά τινι NTest.
8. to venture, stake, hazard, παρθέμενοι κεφαλάς, ψυχάς Od.
9. to employ something of one's own, τι ἔν τινι Plat.
1. Mid.:—of timber, to work into another form; then, generally, to transform, alter, οὐδέ κεν ἄλλως Ζεὺς παρατεκτήναιτο not even Zeus could make it any way else, Il.; αἶψά κε ἔπος παρατεκτήναιο soon couldst thou dress up some other tale, Od.
2. Act. to build besides, Plut.
1. to turn aside, Il.; ποταμὸν π. to turn a river from its channel, Lat. derivare, Hdt.; π. ἄλλῃ τὸ ὕδωρ Thuc.:—Pass., παρατρεπόμενος εἰς Τένεδον turning aside to . . , Xen.
2. to turn one from his opinion, change his mind, Hes.: so in Mid., Theocr.
3. of things, π. λόγον to pervert or falsify a story, Hdt.
4. to alter or revoke a decree, id=Hdt.
1. to run by or past, Il., Ar.
2. to outrun, overtake, Il.: π. τὰ τότε κακά to go beyond, exceed them, Eur.
3. to run through or over, run across (a space of ground expressed or implied), Xen.
4. to run over, i. e. treat in a cursory way, Isocr.:— to slight, neglect, Theocr.
5. to escape unnoticed, τινά Polyb.
1. to start aside from fear, Il.
1. θεοὺς θυέεςςι παρατρωπῶς̆ ἄνθρωποι turn away the anger of the gods by sacrifices, Il.
1. to happen to be near, be among others, c. dat., Il.; π. τῷ λόγῳ τῷ πάθεϊ to be present at . . , Lat. interesse, Hdt.
2. absol. to happen to be present, id=Hdt.: of a thing, to offer itself, παρατυχούςης τινὸς ςωτηρίας Thuc.
3. often in partic. παρατυχών, whoever chanced to be by, i. e. the first comer, any chance person, id=Thuc.;— so, τὸ παρατυγχάνον or παρατυχόν whatever turns up or chances, πρὸς τὸ παρατυγχάνον as circumstances required, id=Thuc.: nom. absol., ἐν τῷ παρατυχόντι id=Thuc.: —παρατυχόν, it being in one's power, since it was in one's power to do, c. inf., id=Thuc.
1. to overtake, outstrip, Il.; εἰ δ̆ ἄμμε παραφθαίηςι πόδεςςι (epic 3rd sg. opt.) id=Il.
1. (sc. δορά) a leopard-skin, Il., Hdt.; doric παρδαλέα, Pind.
1. the cheek, mostly in pl., (παρήιον being used by Hom. for sg.), Hom., Trag.
1. to flee forth from, elude, ἵνα μή ςε παρεκπροφύγῃςιν ἄεθλα (epic 3rd sg. aor2 subj.), Il.
1. to drive by or past, ἐναντίω δῠ ἅρματε π. to drive them past one another, Ar.; τὰς αἶγας παρελᾶντα (doric pres. part. acc.) Theocr.
2. intr.,
3. to drive by, Il.:—then c. acc. pers. to drive past, overtake, id=Il., Xen.
4. to row or sail past, Od.; c. acc. pers., Σειρῆνας παρήλαςε id=Od.
5. to ride by, run by, c. acc., Xen.
6. more rarely to ride up to, rush towards, id=Xen.: to ride on one's way, id=Xen.
1. to go out beside, slip past, Od.; π. τινα, Hdt.
2. παρεξελθεῖν πεδίοιο τυτθόν to pass over a little of it, Il.
3. to overstep, transgress, Διὸς νόον Od.; δίκην Soph.
1. to drive out past, to pass in a race, Il.: to row past, c. acc., Od.: to march by, Hdt.
2. to march out to meet, ἀλλήλοις Plut.
1. to persuade by indirect means, to talk over, win over, Il., Aesch.; παρειπών by thy persuasions, Il.:—c. acc. cogn. to give such and such advice, αἴςιμα παρειπών id=Il.
1. in pl. side-traces, i. e. the traces by which the outside horse (παρήορος) was harnessed beside the regular pair, Il.; ἐν δὲ παρηορίῃςι Πήδαςον ἵει he harnessed Pedasus with side-traces, id=Il.
1. like παρθένειος, of a maiden or virgin, maiden, maidenly, Od., Hes., Aesch., etc.
2. παρθένιος, the son of an unmarried girl, Il.:—but, π. ἀνήρ the husband of maidenhood, first husband, Plut.
3. metaph. pure, undefiled, Hhymn.; π. μύρτα, of white myrtleberries, Ar.
1. a maid, maiden, virgin, girl, Hom., etc.
2. Παρθένος, as a name of Athena at Athens, of Artemis, etc.
3. as adj. maiden, virgin, chaste, πάρθενον ψυχὴν ἔχων Eur.: metaph., π. πηγή Aesch.; παρθένοι τριήρεις maiden, i. e. new, ships, Ar.
4. as masc., παρθένος, an unmarried man, NTest.
1. one who looks after maidens, a seducer, Il.
1. to sleep beside, c. dat., Hom.
1. the one before or in front, Il.
1. to have passed by, παρῴχετο γηθόςυνος κῆρ he passed on, went on his way, Il.
2. of Time, to be gone by, id=Il.; ἡ παροιχομένη νύξ the bygone night, Hdt.; ἄνδρες παροιχόμενοι men of by-gone times, Pind.; τὰ παροιχόμενα the past, Hdt.
3. c. gen., ὅςον μοίρας παροίχῃ how art thou fallen from thine high estate, Eur.
1. intr. to beat, knock, Lat. palpito, θυμὸς ἐνὶ ςτήθεςςι πάταςςεν Il.; κραδίη ςτέρνοιςι πατάςςει (as Shaksp., "my heart knocks at my ribs") id=Il.
2. like πλήςςω, to strike, smite, π. τινὰ δορί Eur.; absol., Soph., etc.; of a deadly blow, ἐὰν λίθος ἢ ςίδηρος πατάξηι Dem.
3. πατάξαι θύραν to knock at the door, Ar.
4. metaph., πατάξαι θυμόν Soph.; π. καρδίαν Ar.
1. to eat, ςπλάγχν̆ ἐπάςαντο Il.; c. gen. partit. to eat of, partake of, ςίτοιό τ̆ ἐπαςςάμεθ̆ ἠδὲ ποτῆτος Od.; δείπνου παςςάμενος, etc., id=Od.: absol. to taste food, οὔτι πεπάςμην id=Od.
1. to tread, walk, Pind., Aesch.
2. trans. to tread on, tread, πορφύρας πατεῖν Aesch.; χῶρος οὐχ ἁγνὸς πατεῖν, i.e. it is holy ground, Soph.; πατεῖν πύλας to pass the gates, Aesch.
3. to walk in, i. e. to dwell in, frequent, Soph., Theocr.:—metaph., like Lat. terere, εὐνὰς π. to frequent, use, misuse, Aesch.; π. Αἴςωπον to be always thumbing Aesop, Ar.
4. to tread under foot, trample on, Aesch., Soph., etc.
1. a father, Hom., etc.; πατρὸς πατήρ a grandfather, Il.; τὰ πρὸς πατρός ͂ πατρόθεν, by the father's side, Hdt.
2. among the gods Zeus is called πατήρ, πατὴρ Ζεύς, π. ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Hom., Hes.; so Ζεὺς π. Aesch.; Ζεῦ πάτερ καὶ θεοί Ar.
3. a respectful mode of addressing elderly persons, Od.
4. metaph. the father of anything, Lat. auctor, π. ἀοιδᾶν Pind., etc.
5. in pl. fathers, i.e. forefathers, Hom.; ἐξ ἔτι πατρῶν as an inheritance from one's fathers, Od.
1. of one's fathers, πατρὶς γαῖα, αἶα, ἄρουρα one's fatherland, country, Hom.
2. as Subst., like πάτρα, Il., attic
1. a father's brother, Hom., Hes.
1. from or after a father, πατρόθεν ἐκ γενεῆς ὀνομάξων naming him by descent by his father's name, Il.; ἐμὸς τὰ πατρόθεν mine by the father's side, Soph.; ἀναγραφῆναι π. to have one's name inscribed as the son of one's father, Hdt.
2. coming from, sent by one's father, π. ἀλάςτωρ Aesch.; π. εὐκταία φάτις a father's curse, id=Aesch.
1. like παῦλα, rest, Il.
1. to boil, bluster, of the sea, Il.:— metaph. to splutter, bluster, of the angry Cleon (hence called Παφλαγών), Ar.
1. to congeal, make solid: metaph., ἐπάχνωςεν φίλον ἦτορ he made his blood run cold, made it curdle, Hes.; Pass., ἦτορ παχνοῦται his heart is cold and stiff [with grief], Il.; παχνοῦςθαι πένθεςιν, λύπῃ Aesch., Eur.
1. thick, stout, Hom., Hes.:— later, stout, fat, Ar.
2. of things, thick, massive, Hom., Ar.:—adv. -e/ws, roughly, of stating or arguing, Arist.; παχύτερον or -έρως, Plat.
3. of liquids, thick, curdled, clotted, Il., Hdt.
4. οἱ παχέες the men of substance, the wealthy class, Hdt.; τοὺς παχεῖς καὶ πλουςίους Ar.
5. in Com. and Prose, thick-witted, gross, dull, stupid, like Lat. pinguis, crassus, id=Com.
6. comp. παχύτερος, sup. -ύτατος:—irreg. comp. πάςςων, ον, Od.:—Sup. πάχιςτος, Il.
1. Causal, to make to cease:
2. of persons, to bring to an end, check, make an end of (by death), Hom., etc.:—Pass. and Mid. to take one's rest, rest, cease, have done, Il.:—also of things, to make an end of, stop, abate, id=Il., etc.; π. τόξον to let one's bow rest, Od.; π. τὸν νόμον to annul it, Eur.; π. τυραννίδα to put it down, Dem.
3. c. acc. pers. et gen. rei, to make to rest, stop, hinder, keep back from a thing, π. Ἕκτορα μάχης, etc., Hom., etc.: —π. τινὰ τῆς βαςιλείας to depose one from being king, Hdt., etc.:—Pass. and Mid. to leave off from, rest or cease from, πολέμου Hom., etc.; τῆς μάχης Hdt., etc.; ἐκ τρόχων πεπαυμένοι at rest from play, Eur.
4. rarely c. gen. rei only, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς παύςηι ὀϊζύος oh that Zeus would make an end of woe! Od.; φάρμαχ̆, ἅ κεν παύςηιςι ὀδυνάων Il.
5. c. part. praes. to stop a person from doing or being, π. τινὰ ἀριςτεύοντα to stop him from being first, id=Il., attic:—Pass. and Mid. to leave off doing or being, ἄνεμος μὲν ἐπαύςατο θύων left off blowing, Od.; the partic. omitted, αἷμα ἐπαύςατο the blood stopt [flowing], Il., etc.
6. inf. for part., ἔμ̆ ἔπαυςας μάχεςθαι id=Il.; with μή inserted, θνητούς γ̆ ἔπαυςα μὴ προδέρκεςθαι Aesch.
7. intr. in imperat., παῦε cease, leave off, Soph., Ar.; so, παῦε, παῦε τοῦ λόγου Ar.
1. in relation to Descent, a child, whether son or daughter, Il.:— παῖς παιδός a child's child, grandchild, id=Il.; Ἀγήνορος παῖδες ἐκ παίδων Eur.;—of animals, Aesch.
2. metaph., ἀμπέλου παῖς, i. e. wine, Pind.
3. periphr., δυςτήνων παῖδες (v. sub δύςτηνος); οἱ Λυδῶν παῖδες, sons of the Lydians, i. e. the Lydians, Hdt.; π. Ἑλλήνων Aesch.; οἱ Ἀςκληπιοῦ π. i. e. physicians, Plat., etc.
4. in relation to Age, a child, either a boy, youth, lad, or a girl, maiden, Hom., etc.; with another Subst., παῖς ςυφορβός a boy- swineherd, Il.: —ἐκ παιδός from a child, Plat.; ἐκ παίδων or παίδων εὐθύς id=Plat.; εὐθὺς ἐκ παίδων ἐξελθών Dem.
5. in relation to Condition, a slave, servant, man or maid, Aesch., Ar., etc.
1. little, small, of Time, short, Hes., Pind.
2. of number, few, Hom., Hes., etc.: comp. παυρότερος, fewer, Il.;—neut. pl. παῦρα as adv. few times, seldom, Hes., Ar.
1. Act. to prevail upon, win over, persuade, τινά Hom., etc.:—c. acc. pers. et inf. to persuade one to do, Il., etc.; also, π. τινὰ ὥςτε δοῦναι, etc., Hdt.; π. τινα ὡς χρή Plat.; π. τινὰ εἴς τι Thuc.; in part., πείςας by persuasion, by fair means, Soph.
2. Special usages:
3. to talk over, mislead, ἔληθε δόλωι καὶ ἔπειςεν Ἀχαιούς Od.
4. to prevail on by entreaty, Hom.
5. π. τινὰ χρήμαςι to bribe, Hdt.; so, π. ἐπὶ μιςθῶι or μιςθῶι id=Hdt., Thuc.: so, πείθειν τινά alone, Xen., NTest.
6. c. dupl. acc., πείθειν τινά τι to persuade one of a thing, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
7. Pass. and Mid. to be prevailed on, won over, persuaded, absol., Hom., attic; the imperat. πείθου or πιθοῦ listen, comply, Trag.; c. inf. to be persuaded to do, Soph.; also, πείθεςθαι ὥςτε . . Thuc.
8. πείθεςθαί τινι to listen to one, obey him, Hom., etc.; νῦν μὲν πειθώμεθα νυκτὶ μελαίνηι, of leaving off the labours of the day, Il.; —πάντα πείθεςθαί τινι to obey him in all things, Od., etc.
9. πείθεςθαί τινι, also, to believe or trust in a person or thing, Hom., etc.: —c. acc. et inf. to believe that, Od., etc.: with an adj. neut., π. τὰ περὶ Αἴγυπτον Hdt.; ταῦτ̆ ἐγώ ςοι οὐ πείθομαι I do not take this on your word, Plat.
10. perf. 2 πέποιθα, like the Pass., to trust, rely on, have confidence in a person or thing, Hom., etc.; c. inf., πέποιθα τοῦτ̆ ἐπιςπάςειν κλέος I trust to win this fame, Soph.; πέποιθα τὸν πυρφόρον ἥξειν Aesch.;— πεπ. εἴς τινα, ἐπί τινα NTest.
11. perf. pass. πέπειςμαι to believe, trust, c. dat., Aesch., Eur.: c. acc. et inf., πεπ. ταῦτα ςυνοίςειν Dem.
1. a wicker-basket fixed upon the ἅμαξα or carriage, being in fact the body of the cart, Hom.
1. to pierce quite through, fix meat on spits, for roasting, Il.; κρέα ἀμφ̆ ὀβελοῖςιν ἔπειραν id=Il.:—also, διὰ πεῖρεν ὀδόντων ἔγχεϊ he ran him through the teeth with a spear, id=Il.:— Pass., ἥλοιςι πεπαρμένον studded with golden nails, id=Il.; but, ὀδύνηιςι πεπαρμένος pierced with pain, id=Il.; also, πεπαρμένη περὶ δουρί id=Il.
2. metaph., κύματα πείρειν to cleave the waves, Hom.; πεῖρε κέλευθον clave her way [through the sea], Od.
1. to bind with fetters, to bind fast, make fast, Od., Hdt., Aesch.
2. to shackle, trammel, constrain, Hom., Soph.; c. inf. to constrain one to do a thing, Hom.
1. a plain or flat, and collectively a plain flat open country, Hom., Hes., etc.
1. on foot, πεζοί fighters on foot, opp. to horsemen, Hom.:—also on land, going by land, opp. to sea-faring, id=Hom.:—so, ὁ πεζὸς ςτρατός, or ὁ πεζός alone, sometimes foot-soldiery, infantry, opp. to cavalry (ἡ ἵππος), Hdt., Xen.
2. ὁ πεζός, also, a land-force or army, opp. to a naval force, Hdt., Thuc.; so, τὸ πεζόν Hdt.; ςτρατιὰ καὶ ναυτικὴ καὶ πεζή Thuc.; τὰ πεζὰ κράτιςτοι strongest by land, id=Thuc.
3. of animals, land, as opp. to birds and fishes, τὰ π. καὶ τὰ πτηνά beasts and birds, Plat.
4. metaph. of language, not rising above the ground, prosaic, Luc.
5. dat. fem. πεζῇ (sub. ὁδῷ) as adv., on foot, Xen.
6. by land, Thuc.
1. to be hungry, suffer hunger, be famished, Lat. esurio, Hom., etc.: πεινᾶντι (doric for -ῶντι) μὴ προςενθῆις don't go near a hungry man, Theocr.
2. c. gen. to hunger after, Od.: —metaph., π. χρημάτων, ἐπαίνου Xen., NTest.
1. Act. to attempt, endeavour, try to do, c. inf., Il., Hdt., etc.
2. c. gen. pers. to make trial of one, Il.: in hostile sense, to make an attempt on, Hom., Hdt.
3. absol. to try one's fortune, try one's skill in thieving, Hhymn.; ναυςὶ π. to make an attempt by sea, Thuc.; cf. πειρατής.
4. c. acc. pers. to make an attempt on, Ar.
5. Dep. in the same sense, c. inf. to try to do, Il., Hdt.;—also foll. by εἰ, to try whether, Il.; by μή, Od.
6. most commonly, c. gen.,
7. c. gen. pers. to make trial of one, to see whether he is trustworthy, Hom., Hdt.:—also in hostile sense, to make trial of the strength of an enemy, Il.; π. τῆς Πελοποννήςου to make an attempt on it, Hdt.; τοῦ τείχους Thuc.
8. c. gen. rei, to make proof or trial of one's strength, Hom.:— to try one's chance at or in a work or contest, id=Hom.:—also to make proof of a thing, to see what it is good for, τόξου, νευρῆς Od.:— to make proof of, have experience of, make acquaintance with others, Hdt., Thuc.
9. absol. to try one's fortune, try the chances of war, Il.
10. c. dat. modi, to make a trial or attempt with, ἐπειρήςαντο πόδεςςι tried their luck in the foot-race, Od.; ςφαίρηι πειρήςαντο id=Od.; also, π. ςὺν ἔντεςι, ςὺν τεύχεςι πειρηθῆναι Il.
11. c. acc. rei, ἢ ἕκαςτα πειρήςαιτο or should examine into each particular, Od.
12. c. acc. pers. to make an attempt on, Pind.
1. to attempt, try, prove, c. inf., or absol., Hom.
2. c. gen. pers. to make trial of, id=Hom.: c. gen. rei, ςθένεος καὶ ἀλκῆς Od.
3. c. acc., π. ςτίχας ἀνδρῶν to attempt, i. e. attack, the lines, Il.
1. intr. to approach, come near, draw near or nigh, c. dat., πέλαςεν νήεςςι Il.; τούτοις ςὺ μὴ π. Aesch., etc.
2. rarely c. gen., πελάςαι νεῶν to come near the ships, Soph.; πελάζειν ςῆς πάτρας id=Soph.
3. with a prep., π. πρὸς τοῖχον Hes.; εἰς ὄψιν τινός Eur.; c. acc. loci, δῶμα πελάζειν id=Eur.; οὐκέτι πελᾶτε will no more approach me, Soph.
4. absol., Xen.
5. Causal, to bring near or to, make to approach, Κρήτηι ἐπέλαςςεν (sc. τὰς νέας) Od.; νευρὴν μαζῶι πέλαςεν brought the string up to his breast, in drawing a bow, id=Od.; ἐπέλαςςα θαλάςςηι ςτῆθος, in swimming, id=Od.; πέλαςε χθονί brought them to earth, Il.; π. τινὰ δεςμοῖς Aesch.:—metaph., π. τινὰ ὀδύνηιςι to bring him into pain, Il.; ἔπος ἐρέω, ἀδάμαντι πελάςςας having made it firm as adamant, Orac. ap. Hdt.
6. followed by a prep., με νῆςον ἐς Ὠγυγίην πέλαςαν θεοί Od.
7. in Pass., like the intr. Act. to come nigh, approach, etc., c. dat., Il.; πλῆτο χθονί he came near (i. e. sank to) earth, id=Il.
8. rarely c. gen., Soph.
9. foll. by a prep., πελαςθῆναι ἐπὶ τὸν θεόν id=Soph.
10. to approach or wed, of a woman, Aesch.
1. = pe/leia, Il., Hdt., Trag.
2. = pe/leia II, Soph.
1. to shake, to make to quiver or tremble, Il.; π. [τόξον] to struggle at the bow, in order to bend it, Od.:—Pass. to be shaken, to tremble, quiver, quake, Il.
2. to shake or drive from his post, id=Il.: Pass., χαςςάμενος πελεμίχθη id=Il.
1. Like πέλωρος, gigantic, Hom.: of things, huge, ἔγχος, λᾶας, κύματα id=Hom.; τὰ πρὶν πελώρια the mighty things, or mighty ones, of old, Aesch.
1. a five-pronged fork, for stirring the sacrificial fire, Hom.
1. to bewail, lament, mourn for, Il.; πενθεῖν τινὰ ὡς τεθνεῶτα Hdt., etc.:—Pass. to be mourned for, Isocr.
1. a father-in-law, Lat. socer, Hom., etc.:—in pl. parents-in-law, Eur.
2. generally, a connexion by marriage, e. g. brother-in-law, id=Eur.
1. fifty, Lat. quinquaginta, Il., etc.
1. five years old, Hom.
1. of fifty acres of corn-land, Il.
1. to carry beyond seas for the purpose of selling, to export for sale; then like πέρνημι, to sell men as slaves, Hom.; π. τινα Λῆμνον to sell one to Lemnos, Il.; or with a prep., π. τινὰ ἐς Λῆμνον id=Il.; π. τινὰ πρὸς δώματά τινος Od.
1. around, round about with gen., dat., and acc.
2. prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Radical sense, round about, all round, whereas ἀμφί properly means on both sides.
3. WITH GENITIVE:
4. of Place, round about, around, Lat. circum, Od.
5. about, near, ἑςδόμεναι περὶ ςεῖο Mosch.
6. Causal, to denote the object about or for which one does something:
7. with Verbs of fighting or contending, μάχεςθαι περὶ πτόλιος Il.; περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος id=Il.; so, τρέχειν περὶ ἑωυτοῦ, περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς Hdt.
8. about, for, on account of, μερμηρίζειν περί τινος Il.; φροντίζειν περί τινος Hdt.
9. with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, about, concerning, Lat. circa, de, περὶ νόςτου ἄκουςα Od., etc.
10. rather of the motive, than the object, περὶ ἔριδος μάρναςθαι to fight for very enmity, Il.; περὶ τῶνδε for these reasons, id=Il.
11. about, as to, in reference to, οὕτως ἔςχε περὶ τοῦ πρήγματος τούτου Hdt.; so, τὰ περί τινος his circumstances, Thuc.:—also without the Art., ἀριθμοῦ πέρι as to number, Hdt.
12. like Lat. prae, before, above, beyond, περὶ πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων Il.; τετιμῆςθαι περὶ πάντων id=Il.; κρατερὸς περὶ πάντων Hom.: in this sense, divided from its gen., περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων in understanding to be beyond them, Il.
13. to denote value, περὶ πολλοῦ ἐςτὶν ἡμῖν it is worth much to us, Hdt.; περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖςθαί τι to reckon a thing for, i. e. worth, much, Lat. magni facere, id=Hdt.; περὶ πλείςτου ἡγεῖςθαι Thuc.
14. WITH DATIVE:
15. of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., ἔνδυνε περὶ ςτήθεςςι χιτῶνα Il.; κνημῖδας περὶ κνήμῃςιν ἔθηκεν id=Il.; περὶ δ̆ ἔγχεϊ . . καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear, id=Il.; περὶ δουρὶ πεπαρμένος spitted upon it, transfixed by it, id=Il.; πεπτῶς περὶ ξίφει Soph.
16. of a warrior, standing over or going round a dead comrade so as to defend him (v. a)mfibai/nw, peribai/nw); Αἴας περὶ Πατρόκλῳ βεβήκει Il.
17. Causal, much like περί c. gen., of an object for or about which one struggles, μαχήςαςθαι περὶ δαιτί Od.; περὶ τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν Plat.
18. so also with Verbs denoting fear, ἔδδειςεν δὲ περὶ ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ Il.; δεῖςαι περὶ τῷ χωρίῳ Thuc.
19. generally, of the cause or occasion, for, on account of, by reason of, Lat. prae, μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίςῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς Hdt.; περὶ ςφίςιν αὐτοῖς πταίειν Thuc.:—in Poets also, περὶ δείματι for fear, Pind.; περὶ τάρβει, περὶ φόβῳ Aesch.
20. WITH ACCUSATIVE:
21. of Place, properly referring to the object round about which motion takes place, περὶ βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, Od.; ἄςτυ πέρι διώκειν Il.:—hence, near, ἑςτάμεναι περὶ τοῖχον Il.; οἳ περὶ Πηνειὸν ναίεςκον id=Il.; περὶ τὴν κρήνην somewhere near it, Plat.; ἡ περὶ Λέςβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, Xen.
22. of persons who are about one, οἱ περί τινα a person's suite, attendants, associates, οἱ περὶ τὸν Πείςανδρον πρέςβεις Thuc.; οἱ περὶ hράκλειτον his school, Plat.; οἱ περὶ Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, Xen.:—later, οἱ περί τινα periphr. for the person himself, Plut.
23. of the object about which one is occupied or concerned, περὶ δόρπα πονεῖςθαι Hom.; εἶναι or γίγνεςθαι περί τι Thuc., etc.; ὁ περὶ τὸν ἵππον the groom, Xen.
24. denoting motion about or in a place, περὶ νῆςον ἀλώμενοι wandering about the island, Od.; χρονίζειν περὶ Αἴγυπτον Hdt.
25. about, in the case of, τὰ περὶ τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα Hdt.; εὐςεβεῖν περὶ θεούς Plat.: —also without a Verb, about, in respect of, in regard to, πονηρὸς περὶ τὸ ςῶμα Plat.; ἀκόλαςτος περὶ ταῦτα Aeschin.; τὰ περὶ τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, Thuc.; τὰ περὶ τοὺς θεούς Xen., etc.
26. of Time, περὶ λύχνων ἁφάς about the time of lamp-lighting, Hdt.; περὶ μέςας νύκτας about midnight, Xen.; περὶ ἡλίου δυςμάς id=Xen.
27. of numbers loosely given, περὶ ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, Thuc.
28. POSITION: περί may follow its Subst., when it suffers anastrophe, ἥν πέρι, ἄςτυ πέρι.
29. absol., as ADV., around, about, also near, by, Hom.
30. before or above others, in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe, Τυδείδη, πέρι μέν ςε τίον Δαναοί Il.; πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν Od.
31. περὶ κῆρι very much in heart, right heartily, περὶ κῆρι φιλεῖν Il.; περὶ κῆρι χολοῦςθαι id=Il.; so, περὶ ςθένεϊ id=Il.
32. strengthd. περὶ πρό, where also περί recovers its accent, id=Il.
33. IN COMPOS. all its chief senses recur:
34. all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.
35. of return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περιςτρέφω.
36. above, before, as in περιγίγνομαι, περιτοξεύω: also beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περιδείδω, like Lat. per- in permultus, pergratus.
37. rarely = a)mfi/, as in περιδέξιος.
38. PROSODY:—though ι in περί is short, περί does not suffer elision. The exceptions to this rule are few.
1. to lie round about, c. dat., εὗρε δὲ Πατρόκλῳ περικείμενον ὃν φίλον υἱόν she found her son lying with his arms round Patroclus, Il.; γωρυτὸς τόξῳ περίκειτο there was a case round the bow, Od.: —absol. to lie or be round, Hes.; τὰ περικείμενα χρυςία plates of gold laid on (an ivory statue), Thuc.
2. metaph., οὔ τι μοι περίκειται there is no advantage for me, it is nothing to me, Il.
3. c. acc. rei, to have round one, to wear, mostly in part., περικείμενοι [τελαμῶνας] περὶ τοῖςι αὐχέςι Hdt.; π. δύναμιν invested with power, Plut.; π. ἅλυςιν with a chain round one, NTest.
1. to know well how to do, c. inf., περίοιδε νοῆςαι Il.; c. dat., ἴχνεςι γὰρ περιῄδη for he was well skilled in the tracks, Od.:—c. acc. rei et gen. pers., βουλῇ περιίδμεναι ἄλλων (epic inf.) to be better skilled in counsel than others, Il.
1. circular, round, Il.
1. very thoughtful, very careful, notable, of Penelope, Hom.
2. like ὑπέρφρων, haughty, over-weening, Aesch.
3. c. gen. despising a thing, Anth.
1. to bend and break all round: Pass., ὂψ περιάγνυται the voice is broken all round, i. e. spreads all round, Il.
1. to encompass, embrace, surround, Plat.
2. to surround so as to guard, Plut.
3. in Pass. to be shut in or beleaguered, ὑπό τινος Hdt., Xen.
4. to embrace, comprise, comprehend, Plat., etc.
5. to overcome, gain the victory, Thuc.: of an army, to outflank the enemy, id=Thuc.
6. Mid. to hold one's arms round another, take charge of, c. gen. pers., περίςχεο (ionic aor2 mid. imperat.) παιδὸς ἐῆος Il.; c. acc. to protect, Od.
7. to cling to, be fond of a person or thing, c. gen., Hdt.
8. c. inf., περιείχετο μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν he was urgent with them that they should not leave him, id=Hdt.
1. in the trans. tenses, fut. -ςτήςω, aor1 -έςτηςα, to place round, π. τί τινι Hdt.; ςτρατὸν περὶ πόλιν Xen.:—metaph., π. τινὶ πλείω κακά Dem.
2. to bring round, π. πολιτείαν εἰς ἑαυτόν to bring it round to himself, Arist.:—esp. to bring into a worse state, Aeschin.
3. in aor1 mid. to place round oneself, Xen.
4. Pass. and Mid., with aor2 act. -έςτην, perf. -έςτηκα, plup. -έςτηκειν, to stand round about, Il.; κῦμα περιςτάθη a wave rose around (epic aor1 pass.), Od.
5. c. acc. to stand round, encircle, surround, Hom.; μήπως με περιςτήως̆ ἕνα πολλοί (epic 3rd pl. aor2 subj.), that their numbers surround me not, Il.; metaph., τὸ περιεςτὸς ἡμᾶς δεινόν Thuc.
6. to come round to one, νομίςαντες τὸ παρανόμημα ἐς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους περιεςτάναι Thuc.:—c. dat. to come upon one, ἡμῖν ἀδοξία περιέςτη id=Thuc.; τοῦ πολέμου περιεςτηκότος τοῖς Θηβαίοις Dem.
7. of events, to come round, turn out, esp. for the worse, ἐς τοῦτο περιέςτη ἡ τύχη fortune was so completely reversed, Thuc.; τοὐναντίον περιέςτη αὐτῷ it turned out quite contrary for him, id=Thuc.; c. inf., περιειςτήκει τοῖς βοηθείας δεομένοις αὐτοὺς ἑτέροις βοηθεῖν it came round to those who required help to give help to others, Dem.
8. in late writers, to go round so as to avoid, Luc., NTest.
1. to throw round, περὶ χαῖρε βαλών having thrown his arms round him, Od.; χέρας π. τινί Eur.; περὶ δ̆ ὠλένας δέρᾳ βάλοιμι id=Eur.; π. τινὶ δεςμά Aesch.; π. ναῦν περὶ ἕρμα to wreck it on a reef, Thuc.:—Mid. to throw round oneself, put on, c. acc. rei, τεύχεα περιβαλλόμενοι putting on their arms, Od.; π. ἔρυμα, ἕρκος, τείχεα to throw round oneself for defence, Hdt.; c. dupl. acc., τεῖχος περιβάλλεςθαι πόλιν to build a wall round it, id=Hdt.:—in perf. pass. to have a thing put round one, Plat.; περιβεβλημένος τὸ τεῖχος having his wall around him, id=Plat.
2. metaph. to put round a person, i. e. invest him with it, π. τινὶ βαςιληίην, τυραννίδα id=Plat., Eur.; δουλείαν Μυκήναις Eur.; π. ἀνανδρίαν τινί, i. e. to make him faint-hearted, id=Eur.
3. reversely, c. dat. rei, to surround, encompass, enclose with, περιβάλλειν βρόχῳ τὸν αὐχένα Hdt.; τινὰ πέπλοις Eur.; π. τινὰ χερςί to embrace, id=Eur.:—metaph., π. τινὰ ςυμφοραῖς, κακοῖς to involve one in calamities, evils, etc., id=Eur.:—so in Mid. to surround or enclose for oneself, Xen.
4. π. τινὰ χαλκεύματι to put him round the sword, i. e. stab him, Aesch.
5. c. acc. only, to encompass, surround, περιβάλλει με ςκότος Eur.; π. τινά to embrace him, Xen.; but also to clothe, NTest.:—Pass., τὸ περιβεβλημένον the space enclosed, enclosure, Hdt.:—Mid., ἤλαυνον περιβαλλόμενοι [τὰ ὑποζύγια] surrounding them, id=Hdt.
6. to fetch a compass round, double, c. acc., ἵπποι περὶ τέρμα βαλοῦςαι Il.; of ships, π. τὸν Ἄθων Hdt., etc.
7. to frequent, be fond of a place, Xen.
8. Mid. to bring into one's power, aim at, Lat. affectare, as we say "to compass" a thing, π. ἑωυτῷ κέρδεα Hdt.; ςωφροςύνης δόξαν π. Xen.:—perf. pass. to have come into possession of a thing, Hdt.
9. to cloke or veil in words, Plat.
10. to throw beyond, and so, generally, to excel, surpass, μνηςτῆρας δώροιςι Od.; or, simply, π. ἀρετῇ to be superior in virtue, Il.
1. to go round, of one defending a fallen comrade, either to walk round and round him, or, like ἀμφιβαίνω, to bestride him, absol., Il.; c. gen., περιβῆναι ἀδελφειοῦ κταμένοιο id=Il.; also, c. dat., Πατρόκλῳ περιβάς id=Il.; so, περὶ τρόπιος βεβαῶτα astride of the keel, Od.; c. acc., π. ἵππον to bestride a horse, Plut.
2. of sound, to come round one's ears, Soph.
1. to be superior to others, to prevail over, overcome, excel, c. gen., ἡνίοχος περιγίγνεται ἡνιόχοιο Il., etc.; rarely c. acc., π. Ἕλληνας Hdt.:—absol. to be superior, prevail, id=Hdt., Thuc., etc.
2. of things, ἤν τι περιγένηταί ςφι τοῦ πολέμου if they gain any advantage in the war, Thuc.; π. ὑμῖν πλῆθος νεῶν you have a superiority in number of ships, id=Thuc.
3. to live over, get over, to survive, escape, Lat. salvus evadere, Hdt., Thuc., etc.; οἱ περιγενόμενοι the survivors, Hdt.; also c. gen. rei, περιεγένετο τούτου τοῦ πάθεος he survived this disaster, id=Hdt.
4. of things, to remain over and above, Ar., Xen.
5. of things also, to be a result or consequence, ἐκ τῶν μεγίςτων κινδύνων μέγιςται τιμαὶ περιγίγνονται Thuc.; περιγίγνεταί τι the upshot of the matter is so and so, Dem.
1. full of milk, Il.
1. with two right hands, i.e. using both hands alike, Il.
2. very dexterous, Ar.
1. to stake or wager, c. gen. rei (i. e. pretii), τρίποδος περιδώμεθα ἠὲ λέβητος let us make a wager of a tripod, i. e. let us wager a tripod (to be paid by the loser), Il.; ἐμέθεν περιδώςομαι αὐτῆς I will wager for myself, i. e. pledge myself, Od.; π. πότερον to lay a wager whether, Ar.; so, περιδίδομαι περὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς I stake my head, id=Ar.; c. dat. pers. added, περίδου μοι περὶ θυματιδᾶν ἁλῶν have a wager with me for a little thyme-salt, id=Ar.; περίδου νῦν ἐμοί id=Ar.
1. to be in great fear about, c. gen., Δαναῶν περιδείδια Il.; c. dat. to be in great fear for, Αἴαντι περιδδείςαντες id=Il.; ἐμῇ κεφαλῇ περιδείδια id=Il.
1. to tear all round, to peel the bark off a tree, Anth.:—Pass., ἀγκῶνας περιδρύφθη (epic aor. 1 pass.) he had the skin all torn from off his arms, Il.
1. to pull off from round, strip off, περίδυςε χιτῶνας Il.
1. to ring all round, Il.:—so in Mid., νῆςος περιηχουμένη τῷ κύματι Luc.
1. very beautiful, Hom.
1. heard of all round, famous, renowned, glorious, Lat. inclytus, Hom.
1. dwellers around, neighbours, Hom.; cf. ἀμφικτίονες.
1. very tall or high, Hom.
1. very tall or long, Od.:— very large, huge, Hdt.
1. one of those who dwell round, a neighbour, Il.
1. Dep. to move round, be round about, δηίων while the enemy are about the town, Il.
2. of Time, περιπλομένου δ̆ ἐνιαυτοῦ as the year went round, passed, Od., Hes.; περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν Od.; πέντε π. ἐνιαυτούς during five revolving years, Il.
1. very sharp, keen or painful, Il.
1. Pass. to be poured all round, in aor. 1 part., ἔρος θυμὸν περιπροχυ^θείς love rushing in a flood over his heart, Il.
1. Pass. to be shaken all round, ἔθειραι περιςςείοντο (epic for περιεςείοντο) the hair was floating round, Il.
1. to make narrow, compress: Pass., περιςτένεται δέ τε γαςτήρ, of wolves, Il.
2. to sound round about, c. acc., Hhymn.
3. to bemoan, Luc.
1. standing round about, Il., Hdt., attic
1. to whirl round, of one preparing to throw, Hom.; π. ἵππον to wheel it round, Plut.:— Pass. to be turned round, spin round, Il.; π. εἰς τἀληθῆ to come round to it, Plat.
2. π. τὼ χεῖρε to tie his hands behind him, Lys..
1. to go or come round, ἂψ περιτελλομένου ἔτεος as the year came round again, Od.; περιτελλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν as years go round, Il.; so, περιτελλομέναις ὥραις Soph.
1. Pass., περιτρέφεται κυκόωντι [the milk] forms curds as you mix it, Il.; ςακέεςςι περιτρέφετο κρύςταλλος the ice froze hard upon the shields, Od.
1. to run round and round, run round, Theogn., Ar.
2. to run about, Plat.:— metaph. to be current, in vogue, id=Plat.
3. c. acc. to run round, Hdt., Ar.:—metaph. to circumvent, Ar.
1. to tremble round about, λαοὶ περίτρεςαν the people stood trembling round, Il.
1. intr., περιτροπέων ἐνιαυτός a revolving year, Il.
2. trans. to gather from all round, πολλὰ [μῆλα] περιτροπέοντες ἐλαύνομεν Od.; περιτροπέων φῦλ̆ ἀνθρώπων driving about, perplexing them, Hhymn.
1. Pass. to be visible all round, of mountains, etc., ὄρεος κορυφῇ περιφαινομένοιο Il.; περιφαινομένῳ ἐνὶ χώρῳ Hhymn.; so, ἐν περιφαινομένῳ (without Subst.) Od.
1. very thoughtful, very careful, Hhymn., Soph. adv. -de/ws, Hom.
1. to pour round or over, τί τινι, properly of liquids, Hom.; of metal-workers, χρυςὸν κέραςιν περιχεύας having spread gold leaf round its horns, Il.; so in Mid., ὡς δ̆ ὅτε τις χρυςὸν περιχεύεται ἀργύρῳ Od.:—Pass. to be poured around, περὶ δ̆ ἀμβρόςιος κέχυθ̆ ὕπνος Il.; τῶν ὀςτέων περικεχυμένων heaped all round, Hdt.; of persons, περιχυθέντες crowding round, id=Hdt.
1. Mid.:— to be exceeding angry about, c. gen., Il.
1. a place commanding a wide view, Hom.; ἐκ περιωπῆς by a bird's-eye view, Luc.
2. circumspection, πολλὴν π. τινος ποιεῖςθαι to shew much caution in a thing, Thuc.
1. prob. ionic for περι-ούςιος, immense, countless, Solon., Anth.:—neut. as adv., περιώςιον, exceeding, beyond measure, Hom.; so pl. περιώςια, Hhymn.:—also c. gen., just like περί, περιώςιον ἄλλων far beyond the rest, id=Hhymn., Pind.
1. dark coloured, of grapes or olives beginning to ripen, Anth.; cf. ἐπί-περκνος.
2. as Subst., name of an eagle, μόρφνον ὃν καὶ περκνὸν καλέουςι Il.
1. to pierce, pin, Il.:—Mid., χλαῖναν περονήςαςθαι to buckle on one's mantle, id=Il.
1. anything pointed for piercing or pinning, the tongue of a buckle or brooch, the buckle or brooch itself, Lat. fibula, Hom.: also a large pin used for fastening on the outer garment or cloak (ἱμάτιον), Hdt., Soph.
2. the small bone of the leg, Lat. fibula, Xen.
1. to spread out sails or clothes, Od.; χεῖρε πετάςςας, of one swimming, id=Od.: metaph., θυμὸν πετάςαι to open one's heart, id=Od.:—Pass., mostly in perf., to be spread on all sides, Hom.: part. spread wide, opened wide, of folding doors, πύλαι πεπταμέναι Il.; πετάςθηςαν Od.
1. able to fly, full fledged, of young birds, Od.:—of birds generally, able to fly, winged, Il.:—absol., πετεηνά winged fowl, id=Il.; so, τὰ πετεινά birds, Hdt.
1. rocky, Hom., Hes.
1. ἐνὶ φρεςὶ πευκαλίμῃςι (the only phrase used by Hom.) would mean in wise, prudent, sagacious mind: cf. λευγαλέος and λυγρός.
1. epith. of war, = peukh/eis II, Il.
1. the pine, Il., Eur., etc.
2. any thing made from its wood, a torch of pine-wood, Trag.
3. a writing-tablet, Eur.
1. an end, mostly in pl., πείρατα γαίης the ends of the earth, Hom.:— absol., πείρατα the ends or ties of ropes, Od.; cf. ἐπαλλάςςω.
2. the end or issue of a thing, id=Od.; ἑκάςτου πείρατ̆ ἔειπεν of the issues or chief points, Il.:—pleonastic, πείρατα νίκης ͂ νίκη, πείρατ̆ ὀλέθρου
3. act. that which gives the finish to a thing, πείρατα τέχνης, the finishers of his art (of tools), Od.
1. of Manner, in some way, somehow, οὔ πη not in any way, not at all, Hom.; οὐδέ τί πη Il.; οὕτω πη in some such way, somehow so, id=Il.; τῇδέ πη Plat.; ἄλλῃ γέ πη id=Plat.; εἴ πη if any way, id=Plat.
2. of Space, by some way, to some place, to any place, Hom.: —c. gen., ἦ πή με πολίων ἄξεις; wilt thou carry me to some city? Il.
3. in some place, somewhere, anywhere, Od., attic
4. πῆ μέν . . , πῆ δέ . . , on one side . . , on the other . . , Plut.; partly . . , partly . . , Xen.
1. mostly in pl. of running waters, streams, Hom., etc.; distinct from krouno/s (the spring or well-head), κρουνὼ δ̆ ἵκανον καλλιρρόω, ἔνθα δὲ πηγαὶ δοιαὶ ἀναί̈ςςουςι Il.:—in sg., Aesch.
2. metaph. streams, of tears, πηγαὶ κλαυμάτων, δακρύων id=Aesch., Soph.; so, πηγαὶ γάλακτος Soph.; πόντου πηγαῖς with sea- water, Eur.; παγαὶ πυρός Pind.
3. = krh/nh, a fount, source, πηγαὶ ἡλίου the fount of light, i. e. the East, Aesch.:—in sg., πηγὴ ἀργύρου, of the silver-mines at Laureion, id=Aesch.; τῆς ἀκουούςης πηγῆς δῐ ὤτων, i. e. the sense of hearing, Soph.
4. metaph. the fount, source, origin, πηγὴ κακῶν Aesch.; ἡδονῶν, νοςημάτων Plat.
1. thick-fleeced, ἀρνειός Il.
1. well put together, compact, strong, Il.; κύματι πηγῶι on the strong, big wave, Od.
1. to leap, spring, bound, ὑψόςε ποςςὶν ἐπήδα Il.; π. ἐς ςκάφος Soph.; c. acc. cogn., πήδημα πηδᾶν to take a leap, Eur.; c. acc. loci, πεδία πηδᾶν to bound over them, Soph.; π. πλάκα Eur.
2. metaph. of an arrow, Il.; of the heart, to leap, throb, Ar., etc.; of sudden changes, τί πηδᾶις εἰς ἄλλους τρόπους; Eur.
1. stuck in, fixed, Soph.
2. well put together, constructed, built, of wood-work, Hom., Hes.; τὰ πακτὰ τῶν δωμάτων the barriers of the house, Eur. ap. Ar.
3. congealed, curdled, γάλα Eur.
1. to bring into misery, plunge into ruin, undo, and, in milder sense, to grieve, distress, Hom., Trag.; π. τὴν γῆν to damage it, Hdt.:—absol. to do mischief, Il.:—Pass. to suffer hurt or harm, Od., Aesch., etc.; ἴςθι πημανούμενος wilt suffer woe, Soph.
1. the bobbin or spool on which the woof is wound, Il., Anth.
1. disabled in a limb, maimed, Lat. mancus, Il., Anth.
1. a kinsman by marriage, Lat. affinis, Hom., Hes.
1. to press, squeeze, press tight, Hom., attic
2. to press or weigh down, of a heavy weight, Pind., Ar.: metaph. to oppress, straiten, distress, Hdt., Aesch., etc.—Pass. to suffer greatly, Hdt., attic
3. to press hard, of a victorious army, Lat. premo, τοὺς ἐναντίους Hdt.:— Pass., εἴ πη πιέζοιντο Thuc.
4. to repress, stifle, Pind.
5. later to lay hold of, ταῦρον πιάξας τᾶς ὁπλᾶς by the hoof, Theocr.; αὐτὸν τῆς χειρός NTest.
1. properly pointed, sharp, keen, ὀϊςτός Il.; γλωχίς Soph.;metaph., γλώςςης πικροῖς κέντροιςι Eur.
2. generally, sharp to the senses:
3. of taste, sharp, pungent, bitter, Hom., Hdt.:—so of smell, Od.
4. of feeling, sharp, keen, ὠδῖνες Il., Soph.
5. of sound, sharp, piercing, shrill, οἰμωγή, φθόγγος Soph.; γόοι Eur.
6. metaph.,
7. of things, bitter, cruel, Od., attic
8. of persons, bitter, malignant, Solon., Hdt., attic; πικρὸς θεοῖς hateful to the gods, Soph.; πικρὸς πολίταις Eur.
9. embittered, sorrowing, Soph.
10. comp. -ότερος, Sup. -ότατος Pind., etc.
11. adv. pikrw=s, bitterly, cruelly, Aesch., Soph.; π. ἔχειν τινί, πρός τινα Dem.; π. φέρειν τι Eur.
1. to bring near, Hes.
2. Mid., to draw near to, approach, c. dat., ἅρματα χθονὶ πίλνατο the chariots went close to the ground, Il.; ἐπ̆ οὔδεϊ πίλναται id=Il.; γαῖα καὶ οὐρανὸς πίλνατο earth and sky threatened to encounter (in the storm), Hes.
1. understanding, wisdom, Hom.
1. to make prudent, admonish, correct, Il., Aesch.
1. pass. to be trusted or believed:
2. of persons, faithful, trusty, true, Il., Hes., attic:—in Persia οἱ πιςτοί were Privy-councillors, "trusty and well-beloved, " Xen.; πιςτὰ πιςτῶν = pisto/tatoi, Aesch.
3. trustworthy, worthy of credit, Thuc., etc.
4. of things, trustworthy, sure, of oaths, etc., Hom., etc.; οὐκέτι πιςτὰ γυναιξίν no longer can one trust women, Od.; ἐλπὶς πιςτὴ λόγῳ warranted by reason, Thuc.
5. deserving belief, credible, probable, Hdt., Plat., etc.
6. πιςτόν, οῦ, as Subst., like πίςτις II, a pledge, security, warrant, certainty, Soph., etc.; τὸ π. τῆς ἐλευθερίας Thuc.; τὸ π. ἔχοντες κἂν περιγενέςθαι feeling confidence that they should survive, id=Thuc.:—in pl., τὰ πιςτὰ ποιεῖςθαι ͂ πίςτιν ποιεῖςθαι, Hdt.; πιςτὰ θεῶν, of oaths, Xen.; πιςτόν or πιςτὰ δοῦναι καὶ λαβεῖν to give and receive pledges, to interchange pledges, id=Xen., etc.
7. act. like πίςυνος, believing, trusting in, relying on, τινι Theogn., Aesch., etc.
8. obedient, Xen.
9. faithful, believing, NTest.
10. adv. pistw=s, with good faith, persuasively Dem.
11. with disposition to believe, id=Dem.
1. to make trustworthy, πιςτοῦν τινα ὅρκοις to bind him by oaths, Thuc.
2. Pass. to be made trustworthy, give a pledge or warrant, ὅρκῳ πιςτωθῆναί τινι to bind oneself to another by oath, Od.
3. to feel trust or confidence, i. e. to trust, to be persuaded, πιςτωθῆναι ἐνὶ θυμῷ id=Od.; πιςτωθεὶς ὅτι . . , feeling confidence that . . , Soph.
4. Mid. to give mutual pledges of fidelity, exchange troth, χεῖράς τ̆ ἀλλήλων λαβέτην καὶ πιςτώςαντο Il.:— πιςτοῦςθαί τινα ὑφ̆ ὅρκου to secure his good faith by oaths, Soph.
5. to confirm, prove, make good, guarantee, τι Polyb., Luc.
1. to make manifest, declare, tell of, Hom., Aesch.: absol., πιφαύςκων Διομήδεϊ making signal to him, Il.
2. to set forth words, utter, μῦθον, ἔπεα Od.
3. c. acc. et inf. to tell one to do, Aesch.
4. Mid. to make manifest, Il.; to tell of, disclose, Hom., Hes.
1. to plait, twine, twist, weave, braid, Il., etc. : Med., πεῖςμα πλεξάμενος having twisted me a rope, Od.:—Pass., κράνεα πεπλεγμένα of basket-work, Hdt.; ςειραὶ πεπλεγμέναι ἐξ ἱμάντων id=Hdt.
2. metaph. to plan, devise, contrive, like ῥάπτειν, ὑφαίνειν, mostly of tortuous means, πλ. δόλον Aesch.; μηχανάς Eur.; παντοίας παλάμας Ar.
3. of Poets, πλ. ὕμνον, ῥήματα Pind.; πλ. λόγους Eur.
4. in Pass. to twist oneself round, Aesch.
1. to sail, go by sea, Hom., etc.; c. acc. cogn., ὑγρὰ κέλευθα πλεῖν to sail the watery ways, Od.; hence in Pass., τὸ πεπλευςμένον πέλαγος Xen.;—metaph., πλεῖν ὑφειμένηι cf. ὑφίημι 111.
2. of ships, Il., Hdt., etc.
3. of other things, to swim, float, Hom., etc.
4. metaph., ταύτης ἔπι πλέοντες ὀρθῆς while we keep [the ship of] our country right, Soph.; οὐδ̆ ὅπως ὀρθὴ πλεύςεται (sc. ἡ πόλις) προείδετο Dem.
1. full of a thing, c. gen., πλεῖαι οἴνου κλιςίαι Il., etc.
2. ῥάκη νοςηλείας πλέα rags infected with his sore, Soph.
3. absol. full, Il., etc.
4. of Time, full, complete, δέκα πλείους ἐνιαυτούς ten full years, Hes.
5. comp. πλειότερος Od.
1. to be or become full of a thing, c. gen., Il., Aesch.; χεῖρας κρεῶν πλήθοντες having them full of flesh, Aesch.; c. dat., Theocr.: absol. of rivers, to be full, brimming, Il.; so, πλήθουςα Σελήνη at her full, id=Il.; ἀγορᾶς πληθούςης, ἐν ἀγορᾷ πληθούςῃ, etc., v. sub ἀγορά V.
2. trans., like πληθύνω, Anth.
1. the nave of a wheel, Il., Hes.
1. striking or driving horses, Il., Hes.
1. to strike, smite, Hom.; of a direct blow, as opp. to βάλλω, Hom., etc.:—c. acc. dupl. pers. et partis, τὸν πλῆξε αὐχένα struck him on the neck, Il.; πὺξ πεπληγέμεν, of boxers, id=Il.:—c. acc. cogn., πλῆξ̆ αὐτοςχεδίην (sc. πληγήν) id=Il.; πεπληγὼς πληγῆιςιν having driven him with blows, id=Il.; πέπληγον χορὸν ποςίν, like Lat. terram pede pulsare, Od.; ἵππους ἐς πόλεμον πεπληγέμεν to whip on the horses to the fray, Il.; of Zeus, to strike with lightning, Hes.:—Mid., μηρὼ πληξάμενος having smitten his thighs, Il.; πλήξαςθαι τὴν κεφαλήν, in sign of grief, Hdt.:—Pass. to be struck, stricken, smitten, Hom., Trag.
2. with acc. of the thing set in motion, κονίςαλον ἐς οὐρανὸν ἐπέπληγον πόδες ἵππων struck the dust up to heaven, Il.
3. Pass. to receive a heavy blow, to be beaten, Hdt., Thuc.:— to be stricken by misfortune, Hdt.; ςτρατὸν τοςοῦτον πέπληγμαι, i. e. I have lost it by this blow, Aesch.
4. metaph. of violent emotions, to strike one from one's senses, amaze, confound, Hom.:—Pass., ςυμφορῆι πέπληγμαι Hdt., etc.; δώροιςι πληγείς moved by bribes, id=Hdt.
1. like πλάζω, to make to wander, lead wandering about, Hdt., Aesch.:— to lead from the subject, in talking, Dem.
2. to lead astray, mislead, deceive, Soph., Plat.
3. Pass. to wander, roam about, stray, Il., Aesch.; c. acc. loci, to wander over, Lat. oberrare, Eur.; but c. acc. cogn., πολλοὺς ἑλιγμοὺς πλανᾶςθαι to wander about as in a labyrinth, Xen.:— of reports, to wander abroad, Soph.
4. to wander in speaking, digress, Hdt.
5. c. gen., πλαναθεὶς καιροῦ having missed one's opportunity, Pind.
6. to do a thing irregularly or at random, Hdt.; ἐνύπνια τὰ ἐς ἀνθρώπους πεπλανημένα that have visited them irregularly, id=Hdt.
7. to wander in mind, to be at a loss, id=Hdt., Aesch.
1. a flat stone, Hhymn.:— in pl. ledges of rock, Strab.
1. ionic fem. πλατέα: — wide, broad, Il.; αἰπόλια πλατέ̆ αἰγῶν broad herds, i. e. large or widespread, Hom.; π. πρόςοδοι Pind.
2. flat, level, Hdt., Plat.; κάρυα τὰ πλατέα, i. e. chestnuts, Xen.
3. of a man, broad-shouldered, Soph.
4. metaph., πλατὺς κατάγελως flat (i. e. downright) mockery, Ar.: neut. as adv., flatly, merely, id=Ar.
5. πλατεῖα (sc. ὁδός), a street, Lat. platea, Xen.:—(sub. χείρ), the flat of the hand, Ar.
6. salt, brackish, Hdt.
1. more, larger, both of number and size, Hom., etc.; τὸν πλείω λόγον all further speech, Soph.; πλείω τὸν πλοῦν the greater part of . . , Thuc.:—of Time, longer, πλείων χρόνος Hdt.; πλέων νύξ the greater part of night, Il.
2. with the Art., οἱ πλέονες the greater number, like οἱ πολλοί, the mass or crowd, Hom.; οἱ πλεῦνες Hdt., etc.; c. gen., τὰς πλεῦνας τῶν γυκαικῶν id=Hdt.:— the many, the people, opp. to the chief men, Thuc., etc.:— τὸ πλεῖον πολέμοιο the greater part of war, Hom.
3. pecul. usages of neut.:
4. as a Noun, more, πλεῦν ἔτι τούτου Hdt.; τὸ δὲ πλέον nay, what is more, Eur., Thuc.:— πλέον or τὸ πλέον τινός a higher degree of a thing, Soph.; τὸ πλ. τοῦ χρόνου Thuc.:— πλέον ἔχειν to have the best of it, win, conquer, id=Thuc.; also, like πλεονεκτέω, c. gen., Hdt., etc.; also, πλέον ποιεῖν Plat.; ἐς πλ. ποιεῖν Soph.; οὐδὲν πλ. πράςςειν, etc., Eur.:— τί πλέον; what more, i. e. what good or use is it? Ar.; so, οὐδὲν ἦν πλέον Dem.:— ἐπὶ πλέον or ἐπίπλεον, as adv., more, further, Hdt., Thuc., etc.; c. gen. beyond, ἐπὶ τὸ πλ. τινὸς ἱκέςθαι Theocr.; cf. περί A. III.
5. as adv. more, rather, πλέον ἔφερέ οἱ ἡ γνώμη his opinion inclined rather, Hdt.:—also, τὸ πλέον, ionic τὸ πλεῦν, for the most part, id=Hdt., etc.; τὸ πλ. ͂ μᾶλλον, Thuc.
6. with Numerals, τοξότας πλ. ἢ εἴκοςι Xen.:—in this sense a contr. form πλεῖν is used by attic writers, πλεῖν ἢ τριάκονθ̆ ἡμέρας Ar.; πλεῖν ἢ χιλίας (sc. δραχμάς) id=Ar., etc.;—but ἤ is often omitted, as in Lat. quam after plus, πλεῖν ἑξακοςίας id=Ar.; so, ἔτη γεγονὼς πλείω ἑβδομήκοντα annos plus septuaginta natus, Plat.:—Comic phrase, πλεῖν ἢ μαίνομαι more than to madness, Ar.
7. the pl. πλείω is also used like πλέον, Thuc., Dem.
1. plaited, twisted, Hom., Hes., etc.; π. ςτέγαι wicker mansions, of the Scythian vans, Aesch.; πλεκτὴ Αἰγύπτου παιδεία the twisted taskwork of Egypt, i. e. ropes of biblus, Eur.
2. wreathed, ἄνθη Aesch.; ςτέφανος Eur.
1. a rib, Lat. costa, Hdt.: mostly in pl. the ribs, the side, Il., Hdt., attic:—in sg., also, of one side, Soph.
2. the side of things and places, πλευραὶ νηός Theogn.; χωρίου, ποταμοῦ Plat.; of an army, αἱ πλ. τοῦ πλαιςίου Xen.
3. the page of a book, Anth.
1. a rib: mostly in pl. the ribs, the side, Il., Hdt., etc.;—also in sg., Soph.
2. of places, πλευρὸν νεῶν the side of the bay where the ships lay, id=Soph.; τὸ δεξιὸν πλ. the right flank (of an army), Xen.
1. most, largest, also very much, very large, both of number and size, Hom., etc.; πλεῖςτός εἰμι τῇ γνώμῃ I incline most to the opinion, Hdt.
2. with the Art., οἱ πλεῖςτοι, much like οἱ πολλοί, the greatest number, Thuc., etc.; τὸ πλεῖςτον τοῦ βίου the greatest part of life, Plat.; also ἡ πλ. τῆς ςτρατιᾶς Thuc.
3. Special usages: ὅςας ἂν πλείςτας δύναιντο καταςτρέφεςθαι the greatest number that they could possibly subdue, Hdt.; ὅτι πλ. Thuc., etc.:— εἷς ἀνὴρ πλεῖςτον πόνον παραςχών the greatest of all men, Aesch.
4. Adverb. usages:— πλεῖςτον, ͂ μάλιςτα, most, Il., attic; ὡς πλεῖςτον, Lat. quam maxime, Xen.; sometimes added to a Sup., πλεῖςτον ἐχθίςτη, πλ. κάκιςτος Soph.; so, πλεῖςτα id=Soph.:— furthest, Plat.
5. with the Art., τὸ πλ. for the most part, Ar.
6. with Preps.:
7. διὰ πλείςτου furthest off, in point of space or time, Thuc.
8. εἰς πλεῖςτον most, Soph.
9. ἐπὶ πλεῖςτον over the greatest distance, to the greatest extent, in point of space or time, Hdt., Thuc.; ὡς ἐπὶ πλ. or ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλ. for the most part. Plat.; περὶ πλείςτου ποιεῖςθαι, v. peri/ A. IV.
10. ἐν τοῖς πλεῖςτοι or πλεῖςται about the most, Thuc.
1. a blow, stroke, Lat. plaga, Hom., etc.; πληγὴν πέπληγμαι καιρίαν Aesch.; in such phrases πληγήν or πληγάς is often omitted, πολλὰς τυπτόμενος Ar., etc.:—the person struck is said πληγὰς λαβεῖν id=Ar.; the striker πληγὰς δοῦναι, ἐμβάλλειν, ἐντείνειν τινί Xen.
2. a stroke by lightning, Hes.: a blow, stroke of calamity, Aesch.; πλ. θεοῦ a blow from heaven, Soph.
1. fulness, a throng, a crowd, of people, Hom., Plut., etc.
1. Dep.
2. to bandy blows with one, c. dat., Il.
3. to beat one's breast for grief, Lat. plangere, Anth.
4. to indulge in dalliance, Strab.
1. near, close to, c. gen. or dat., πληςίοι ἀλλήλων or ἀλλήλοιςι Hom.:—absol. near, neighbouring, Il., Aesch., etc.:—as Subst. a neighbour, ἰδὼν ἐς πλ. ἄλλον Il., etc.
2. adv. plhsi/on, doric πλα_τίον, ͂ πέλας, near, nigh, hard by, c. gen., Hom., Hdt., etc.; c. dat., Eur.
3. with the Art., ὁ πληςίον (sc. ὤν) one's neighbour, Theogn., Eur., etc.; so in doric, ὁ πλα_τίον Theocr.:—also, with Substs., ὁ πλ. παράδειςος Xen.
4. comp. πληςιαίτερος, Sup. -αίτατος, id=Xen.—comp. adv. plhsiaite/rw, Hdt.; -αίτερον, Xen.; Sup. -αίτατα, id=Xen.
1. like πλόκαμος, mostly in pl. locks, braids of hair, Il., Anth.
2. the tendrils of the polypus, Anth.
1. a trough, tank, or pit, in which dirty clothes were washed by treading, Hom.
2. metaph., πλυνὸν ποιεῖν τινα, ͂ πλύνω II, Ar.
1. a lock or braid of hair, Aesch.: in pl. locks, properly of women, Il.:—in sg., collectively, = ko/mh, Hdt.; τριχὸς πλ. Aesch.
1. to wash, clean, properly of linen and clothes, (opp. to λούομαι to bathe, νίζω to wash the hands or feet), Hom., attic
2. to wash off dirt, Od.
3. as a slang term, πλύνειν τινά (as we say) "to give him a dressing," Ar., Dem.
1. a great number, a throng, crowd, multitude, Il., Hdt., etc.
2. τὸ πλῆθος, the greater number, the greater part, the mass, main body, Hdt., Xen., etc.:— the majority, the people, like δῆμος, Lat. plebs, Hdt., attic: —also the populace, mob, Xen.
3. quantity or number, Hdt., attic; πλήθει παρόντες in force, Thuc.: —absol. in acc., κόςοι πλῆθος Hdt.; πλῆθος ἀνάριθμοι Aesch.
4. magnitude, size or extent, ὄρος πλήθεϊ μέγιςτον Hdt.; πεδίον πλῆθος ἄπειρον id=Hdt., etc.
5. quantity or amount, Thuc., Plat., etc.
6. of Time, length, Thuc., etc.
7. with Preps., or with ὡς, in adv. sense, ἐς πλ. in great numbers, id=Thuc.: —ὡς πλήθει upon the whole, in general, Plat.; so, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλ. usually, mostly, Lat. ut plurimum, id=Plat.
1. to blow, of wind and air, Od., Hdt., attic; ἡ πνέουςα (sc. αὔρα) the breeze, NTest.
2. to breathe, send forth an odour, Od.:—c. gen. to breathe or smell of a thing, Anth.
3. of animals, to breathe hard, pant, gasp, Il., Aesch.
4. generally, to draw breath, breathe, and so to live, Hom.; οἱ πνέοντες ͂ οἱ ζῶντες, Soph.
5. metaph., c. acc. cogn. to breathe forth, breathe, μένεα πνείοντες breathing spirit, of warriors, Il.; so, πῦρ πν. Hes.; φόνον, κότον, Ἄρη Aesch.; so, πνέοντας δόρυ καὶ λόγχας Ar.; Ἀλφειὸν πνέων, of a swift runner, id=Ar.
6. μέγα πνεῖν to be of a high spirit, give oneself airs, Eur.; τόςονδ̆ ἔπνευςας id=Eur.:—also, with a nom., as if it were the wind, μέγας πνέων id=Eur.; πολὺς ἔπνει καὶ λαμπρὸς ἦν Dem.
1. the organ of breathing, the lungs, Lat. pulmo, Il., Plat.: mostly in pl., Trag.; πνεῦμ̆ ἀνεὶς ἐκ πλευμόνων Eur.
1. a blowing, blast, breeze, Hom.: ἅμα πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο along with, i. e. swift as, blasts of wind, id=Hom.; μετὰ πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο id=Hom., etc.:— the blast of bellows, Thuc.
2. of animals, a breathing hard, of horses, Il., Soph.
3. generally, breath, ἔμπνους ἔτ̆ εἰμὶ καὶ πνοὰς πνέω Eur.:—metaph., πνοιὴ hφαίςτοιο the breath of Hephaestus, i. e. flame, Il.; θεοῦ πνοαῖςιν ἐμμανεῖς Eur.
4. a breathing odour, a vapour, exhalation, ςποδὸς προπέμπει πλούτου πνοάς, of a burning city, Aesch.
5. the breath of a wind-instrument, Pind., Eur.
1. a broidered stuff, brocade, Aesch.
2. broidered work, broidery, Hom.
3. generally, a variety, diversity, Plat.
1. sufficient with the feet, swiftfooted, of Achilles, Il.; ποδάρκης ἁμέρα a day of swiftness, i. e. on which swift runners contended, Pind.; ποδαρκέων δρόμων τέμενος the field of swift courses, i. e. the Pythian racecourse, id=Pind.
1. windswift, of Iris, Il.
1. reaching to the feet, Il., Hdt.
1. swiftness of foot, Il., Eur.,
1. swiftfooted, of Achilles, Il.; π. ἄνθρωπος Thuc.; λαγώς Xen.
2. generally, swift, quick, ὄμμα Aesch.; θεῶν π. βλάβαι Soph.
1. to long for, yearn after what is absent, to miss or regret what is lost, Lat. desiderare, Hom., etc.; ποθεῖς τὸν οὐ παρόντα Ar.; π. τὰς ἐν τῆι νεότητι ἡδονάς Plat.:—Pass., ὦ ποθουμένη (sc. Εἰρήνη) Ar.
2. of things, to require, ποθεῖ ἡ ἀπόκριςις ἐρώτηςιν τοιάνδε Plat.
3. c. inf. to be anxious to do, Eur.; τὸ νοςοῦν ποθεῖ ςε ξυμπαραςτάτην λαβεῖν my sickness needs to take thee as an assistant, Soph.
4. absol., τὸ ποθοῦν one's desiring, one's longing, id=Soph.
5. as Dep., ποθουμένη φρήν the longing soul, id=Soph.
1. fond desire for one, ἐμεῖο ποθὴν ἀπεόντος ἔχουςιν Il.; ςῇ ποθῇ from longing after thee, id=Il.
2. want of a thing, c. gen., Od.
1. enclit, adv. from some place or other, εἴ ποθεν Il.; εἰ καί π. ἄλλοθεν ἔλθοι Od.
1. enclit, adv., poet. for του, anywhere or somewhere, Il., Soph.
2. of Time, αἴ κέ ποθι Ζεὺς δῷςι if ever Zeus grant, Il.: at length, Od.
3. indefinite, soever, haply, probably, Hom.
1. Used in two general senses, to make and to do.
2. to make, produce, create, in Hom. often of building, π. δῶμα, τεῖχος, etc.; of smith's work, π. ςάκος Il.; of works of art, id=Il., etc.; ποιεῖν τι ἀπὸ ξύλου to make something of wood, Hdt.; π. πλοῖα ἐξ ἀκάνθης id=Hdt.; so, c. gen., π. νηὸν λίθου id=Hdt.; φοίνικος αἱ θύραι πεποιημέναι Xen.:—Mid., οἰκία ποιήςαςθαι to build them houses, Il.; also, to have a thing made, get it made, Hdt., Dem.
3. to make, create, ἕτερον φίλιππον ποιήςετε Dem.
4. of Poets, to compose, write, (old English to make), Lat. carmina facere, Hdt., attic:—also, to make or represent in poetry, Ὅμηρος Ἀχιλλέα πεποίηκε ἀμείνω Ὀδυςςέως Plat.: to describe in verse, id=Plat.: to put into verse, id=Plat.
5. to bring to pass, bring about, cause, Hom., etc.: c. acc. et inf. to cause or bring about that . . , Od., etc.
6. of sacrifices, and the like, π. ἱρά, like ἕρδειν, Lat. sacra facere, Hdt., Xen., Thuc., etc.; π. Ἴςθμια to hold the Isthmian games, Xen.; π. ἐκκληςίαν (as we say, to make a house), Thuc.:—Mid. in same sense, but implying indirect action, ἀγορὴν ποιήςατο Il.
7. of war and peace, πόλεμον ποιεῖν to cause a war, but, π. ποιεῖςθαι to make war (on one's own part), Xen.;—so, εἰρήνην π. to bring about a peace (for others); but, εἰρήνην ποιεῖςθαι to make peace (for oneself), etc.
8. the Mid. is often used periphr. with Nouns, ποιεῖςθαι ὁδοιπορίην for ὁδοιπορεῖν, π. πλόον for πλέειν, θαῦμα π. for θαυμάζειν, ὀργὴν π. for ὀργίζεςθαι, Hdt. etc.:— π. λόγον τινός to make account of . . , id=Hdt.; but, τοὺς λόγους π. to hold a conference, Thuc.
9. with an adj. as predic. to make so and so, ποιεῖν τινα ἄφρονα to make one senseless, Od.; δῶρα ὄλβια ποιεῖν to make them blest, i. e. prosper them, id=Od.; π. τοὺς Μήδους ἀςθενεῖς Xen.:—so with a Subst., ποιεῖν τινα βαςιλῆα Od.; Ἀθηναῖον π. τινα Thuc.:—Mid., ποιεῖςθαί τινα ἄλοχον or ἄκοιτιν to take her to oneself as wife, Il.; ποιεῖςθαί τινα υἱόν to make him one's son, i. e. to adopt him as son (cf. εἰςποιέω), id=Il., attic:—also, ἑωυτοῦ ποιεῖςθαί τι to make a thing one's own, Hdt.
10. to put, π. τι ἐνὶ φρεςί τινι Hom.; π. τι ἐπὶ νόον τινί Hdt.
11. in war, π. τινας ὑπό τινι to bring under the power of . . , Dem.:—Mid., ποιεῖςθαι ὑπ̆ ἑωυτῶι Hdt.; ποιεῖςθαί τινας ἐς τὸ ςυμμαχικόν id=Hdt., etc.
12. in Mid. to hold, deem, consider, reckon, esteem a thing as . . , ςυμφορὴν ποιεῖςθαί τι to take it for a visitation, id=Hdt.; δεινὸν ποιεῖςθαί τι, Lat. aegre ferre, id=Hdt.; μέγα π., c. inf., to deem it a great matter that . . , id=Hdt.; οὐκ ἀνάςχετον π. τι Thuc., etc.:—often with Preps., δῐ οὐδενὸς π. τι to hold as naught, Soph.;—ἐν ἐλαφρῶι, ἐν ὁμοίωι π. Hdt.; ἐν ςμικρῶι, ἐν ὀργῆι Dem.;—παρ̆ ὀλίγον, παρ̆ οὐδὲν π. τι Xen.;—περὶ πολλοῦ, περὶ πλείονος, περὶ πλείςτου ποιεῖςθαί τι attic
13. to put the case assume, that . . , Hdt., Xen.:—Pass., οἱ φιλοςοφώτατοι ποιούμενοι those who are reputed . . , Plat.
14. of Time, οὐ π. χρόνον to make no long time, i. e. not to delay, Dem.; τὴν νύκτα ἐφ̆ ὅπλοις ποιεῖςθαι to spend it under arms, Thuc.
15. to do, much like πράςςω, Hom., etc.; οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν Dem.; Σπαρτιητικὰ ποιέειν to act like a Spartan, Hdt.; προςταχθὲν π. Soph., etc.
16. c. acc. dupl. to do something to another, κακά or ἀγαθὰ ποιεῖν τινά Hdt., etc.; also εὖ, κακῶς π. τινά Xen., etc.:—also c. dat. pers., ἵππωι τἀναντία π. id=Xen.; so in Mid., φίλα ποιεῖςθαί τινι Hdt.
17. with an adv., ὧδε ποίηςον do thus, id=Hdt.; ποίει ὅπως βούλει Xen.;—so with a partic., εὖ ἐποίηςας ἀπικόμενος Hdt., etc.:— καλῶς ποιῶν is sometimes almost Adverbial, καλῶς ποιοῦντες πράττετε Dem.; εὖ ποιοῦν fortunately, id=Dem.
18. absol. to be doing, to do or act, ποιέειν ἢ παθέειν to do or have done to one, Hdt.:—of medicine, to work, operate, Plat.; so, ἡ εὔνοια παρὰ πολὺ ἐποίει ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους good-will made greatly for the Lacedaemonians, Thuc.; so impers., ἐπὶ πολὺ ἐποίει τῆς δόξης τοῖς μὲν ἠπειρώταις εἶναι it was the general character of the one to be landsmen, etc., id=Thuc.
1. grassy, rich in grass, Hom., Soph.: neut. pl. contr. ποιᾶντα Pind.
1. made, in the sense of εὖ ποιητός, well-made, δόμοις ἐνὶ ποιητοῖςι Hom.:— made, created, opp. to self-existent, Theogn.
2. made into something, esp. made into a son, adopted, Plat.; π. πολῖται factitious citizens, not so born, Arist.
3. made by oneself, i. e. invented, feigned, Pind., Eur.
1. to work in various colours, to broider, work in embroidery, Eur.; χορὸν ποίκιλλε he wrought a χορός of cunning workmanship, Il.
2. to embroider a robe, Pind., Plat., etc.
3. generally, to diversify, vary, Eur., Plat.:—of style, to embellish, Pind.:— to speak as in riddles, Soph.
1. many-coloured, spotted, mottled, pied, dappled, of leopards, fawns, Hom., etc.
2. of robes, wrought in various colours, broidered, Il., etc.; ἐν ποικίλοις κάλλεςιν, of a rich carpet, Aesch.; so, τὰ ποικίλα id=Aesch.
3. of metal work, τεύχεα π. χαλκῷ in-wrought with brass, Il., etc.: but, π. δεςμός intricate, Od.
4. ἡ ςτοὰ ἡ ποικίλη, the Poecile or great hall at Athens adorned with paintings of the battle of Marathon by Polygnotus, Aeschin., etc.
5. metaph. changeful, various, diversified, manifold, Aesch., Plat.;— π. μῆνες the changing months, Pind.
6. of Art, π. ὕμνος a song of changeful strain or full of diverse art, id=Pind.; so, ποικίλον κιθαρίζων id=Pind.
7. intricate, complex, Hdt., Soph., etc.: —adv., ποικίλως αὐδώμενος speaking in double sense, Soph.
8. of abstruse knowledge, intricate, subtle, ποικίλον τι εἰδέναι Eur.; οὐδὲν π. nothing abstruse or difficult, Plat.:—so, of persons, subtle, wily, Aesch.; π. γὰρ ἁνήρ Ar.
9. changeable, changeful, unstable, Arist.:— ποικίλως ἔχειν to be different, Xen.
1. full of various wiles, wily-minded, Hom.
1. to be shepherd, ἐπ̆ ὄεςςι over the sheep, Il.: c. acc. to tend a flock, Od., Eur., etc.; absol., Theocr.:—Pass., like νέμομαι, to roam the pastures, of flocks, Il., Eur.
2. in Aesch., πᾶς πεποίμανται τόπος every place has been traversed (as by a shepherd seeking after stray sheep).
3. metaph. to tend, cherish, mind, Pind., Aesch.
4. like βουκολέω, to beguile, Theocr.: generally, to deceive, Eur.
1. of a flock or herd, Il., Hes.
1. quit-money for blood spilt, paid by the slayer to the kinsmen of the slain, (old Engl. were-gild); c. gen. pers., δῶχ̆ υἷος ποινήν gave ransom or were-gild for the son, Il., etc.:—generally, a price paid, satisfaction, retribution, requital, penalty, Lat. poena, ἀπετίςατο ποινὴν ἑτάρων exacted penalty for his comrades, Od.; δυώδεκα κούρους, ποινὴν Πατρόκλοιο in retribution for the death of Patroclus, Il.; τῶν ποινήν in return for these things, id=Il.; ποινὴν τῖςαι Ξέρξῃ τῶν κηρύκων ἀπολομένων to give Xerxes satisfaction for the death of his heralds, Hdt.; in attic the pl. is more common; ποινὰς τῖςαι, δοῦναι to pay penalties, Lat. dare poenas, Aesch., etc.; ποινὰς λαβεῖν to exact them, Lat. sumere poenas, Eur.
2. in good sense, recompense, reward for a thing, τινος Pind.
3. as the result of the quit-money, redemption, release, id=Pind.
4. personified, the goddess of Vengeance, Aesch., etc.
1. to be out of breath from haste, to puff or bustle about, Lat. satagere, exert oneself, be busy, Hom.; aor1 part. with another Verb. δῶμα κορήςατε ποιπνύςαςαι make haste and sweep the house, Od.
1. to build a city, to build, Il.:—Pass., Ἴλιος πεπόλιςτο (epic 3rd sg. plup.) id=Il.; so Hdt.
2. χωρίον πολίζειν to colonise a country by building a city, Xen.
1. a member of a city or state (πόλις), a citizen, freeman, Lat. civis, Hom., etc.
2. like Lat. civis, a fellow-citizen, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
3. θεοὶ πολῖται ͂ πολιοῦχοι, Aesch.
1. warlike, πολεμήια ἔργα Il.; τεύχεα id=Il.; πολεμήια= pole/mia, wn, ta/, Hdt.
1. epic πτολεμίζω, fut. ίξω, poet. form of πολεμέω, to wage war, make war, fight, τινί with one, Hom.; π. ἄντα τινός, ἐναντίβιόν τινος Il.:—also in Mid., Pind.
2. to fight with, absol. ῥηίτεροι πολεμίζειν Il.
1. a warrior, combatant, Il., Pind., etc.
2. π. ἵππος a war-horse, charger, Theocr.
1. with gray hair on the temples, i.e. just beginning to be gray, Il., Hes.
1. gray, grizzled, grisly, of wolves, of iron, of the sea, Il.
2. mostly of hair, gray or hoary from age, Hom.; πολιοί gray-haired men, Od., Soph., etc.:—absol., αἱ πολιαί (sc. τρίχες) Pind.; ἅμα ταῖς πολιαῖς κατιούςαις as the gray hairs come down (i.e. from the temples to the beard), Ar.; π. δάκρυον ἐμβαλών an old man's tear, Eur.
3. metaph. hoary, venerable, id=Eur.
4. like λευκός, bright, clear, serene, Hes., Eur.
1. of Time, many times, often, oft, Il., etc.; c. gen., π. τοῦ μηνός often in the month, Xen.
2. of Degree and Number, π. μύριοι many tens of thousands, Plat.
3. τὸ π. mostly, for the most part, Pind.: very much, altogether, Theocr.
4. in attic, after εἰ, ἐάν, ἄν, perhaps, perchance, Lat. si forte, Ar., Plat.; so, μὴ πολλάκις, Lat. ne forte, Thuc., etc.
1. much-rushing, impetuous, furious, Hom.; κάματος π. weariness caused by much fighting, Il.
1. very deep, Hom.
1. rich in oxen, Il.
1. much or all nourishing, Hom., Hes., in epic form πουλυβότειρα.
1. much-cheering, delightful, gladsome, Il., Hes.
1. much wrought, richly dight, of metal work, Hom.; of embroidery, Hes.
2. act. working with much art, very skilful, Il.
1. much wept or lamented, Il.
2. very lamentable, tearful, Od., Aesch.
3. act. much-weeping, Eur.
1. very thirsty, Il.
1. much wrought, richly dight, of metal work, Hom.; of embroidery, Hes.
2. act. working with much art, very skilful, Il.
1. many-toned, of the nightingale's voice, Od.: much or loud sounding, Il.
1. much-confident, Hom.
1. drying or parching exceedingly, δίψαι Il.
2. very dry, Anth.
1. with many benches of rowers, in dat., νηὶ πολυκλήιδι, νηυςὶ πολυκλήιςι Hom.; acc. νῆα πολυκλήιδα Hes.
1. with many possessions, exceeding rich, Il., Soph.; c. gen., π. βίου Eur.
1. with many cornfields, Il.
1. full of resources, inventive, ever-ready, of Ulysses, Il.
1. exceeding wealthy, Il.
1. much-mourning, exceeding mournful, Hom., Aesch.
1. with many springs, many-fountained, of Mt. Ida, Il.
1. wide-spread, Hom., Hes.
1. rich in grapes, Il., Soph.
1. much-enduring, Hom., Ar.
1. abounding in doves, Il.
1. knowing many drugs or charms, Hom.
1. much-praised, or full of wise speech and lore, Hom., Eur.
1. with many lambs or sheep, rich in flocks, heterocl. dat. πολύαρνι, Il.
1. much-counselling, Hom.
1. of or with many tears: hence,
2. much-wept, tearful, Il., Aesch.
3. of persons, much-weeping, Eur., Ar.
1. richly dowered, Hom.
1. many-benched, νηῦς Il.
1. rich in horses, Il.
1. well-stitched, Il.
1. called from many a land, of the Trojan allies, Il.
1. much-wrought, wrought with much toil, epith. of iron, as distinguished from copper, Il.; π. θάλαμος Od.
2. laborious, τέχνη Anth.
1. with many mountain-spurs, mountainous, Il.
1. with many sheep or goats, rich in flocks, Il., Hes., Eur.
1. of many counsels, Hom.
1. of many words, i. e. wordy, Hom.
2. pass. much talked of, famous in story, Pind.
1. much-wandering, wide-roaming, Od., Soph., Eur.
2. act. leading far astray, driving far from one's course, ἄνεμος Il.—In Soph. Ant. 615, π. ἐλπίς may be either wandering, uncertain hope, or, misleading, deceitful; cf. πολυπλανής II.
1. of or with many folds, of mountains, Il., Hes., Eur.
1. rich in sheep, Od.:—in pl. we have a heterocl. nom., ἄνδρες πολύρρηνες Il.
1. of Number, many, opp. to ὀλίγος, Hom., etc.;— with nouns of multitude, πουλὺς ὅμιλος Od.; πολλὸν πλῆθος Hdt., etc.:—also of anything often repeated, πολλὸν ἦν τοῦτο τὸ ἔπος id=Hdt.; πολλὸς αἰνεόμενος id=Hdt.; τούτῳ πολλῷ χρήςεται τῷ λόγῳ often, Dem.
2. of Size, Degree, Force, much, mighty, great, Il., etc.; π. ὕπνος deep sleep, Od.; π. ὑμέναιος a loud song, Il., etc.:—rarely of a single person, μέγας καὶ πολλὸς ἐγένεο Hdt.; ἢν πολλῇ ῥυῇ if she flow with full stream, metaph. from a river, Eur.; πολλῷ ῥέοντι Dem.; from the wind, πολὺς ἔπνει was blowing strong, id=Dem.; often with a Partic., πολλὸς ἦν λιςςόμενος he was all intreaties, Lat. multus erat in precando, Hdt.; so, π. ἦν ἐν τοῖςι λόγοιςι id=Hdt., etc.
3. of Value or Worth, πολέος or πολλοῦ ἄξιος Hom.; πολλοῦ and περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖςθαί τι, Lat. magni facere, cf. περί A.IV; ἐπὶ πολλῷ at a high price, Dem.
4. of Space, large, wide, wide-stretched, π. χώρη, πεδίον Il., Hes., etc.; πόντος, πέλαγος Hes., etc.;— πολλὸς ἔκειτο he lay outstretched, Il.;— π. κέλευθος a far way, Aesch., etc.
5. of Time, long, πολὺν χρόνον Hom., etc.; πολλοῦ χρόνου Ar.; ἐκ πολλοῦ Thuc.; ἔτι πολλῆς νυκτός, Lat. multa nocte, while still quite night, id=Thuc.
6. Special usages:
7. partitive c. gen., e. g. πολλοὶ Τρώων for πολλοὶ Τρῶες, Il.; πολλὸν ςαρκός for πολλὴ ςάρξ, Od.; in Prose, the adj. generally takes the gender of the gen., τῆς γῆς οὐ πολλήν Thuc.
8. joined to another adj. by καί, πολέες τε καὶ ἐςθλοί many men and good, Il.; π. καὶ πονηρά Xen.; μεγάλα καὶ π. Dem.
9. with the Art., of persons or things well known, Ἑλένα μία τὰς πολλὰς ψυχὰς ὀλέςας̆ those many lives, Aesch.; ὡς ὁ πολλὸς λόγος the common report, Hdt.:—esp. οἱ πολλοί the many, i. e. the greater number, Thuc.; hence, like τὸ πλῆθος, the people, the commonalty, id=Thuc.; εἷς τῶν πολλῶν one of the multitude, Dem.
10. τὺ πολύ, c. gen., τῆς ςτρατιῆς τὸ πολλόν Hdt.; τῶν λογάδων τὸ πολύ Thuc.; but also, ὁ ςτρατὸς ὁ πολλός Hdt.
11. τὰ πολλά the most, Od., etc.
12. the pl. πολλά is used with Verbs in the sense of very much, too much, πολλὰ πράςςειν ͂ πολυπραγμονεῖν, Eur., Ar.; π. ἔρξαι τινά to do one much harm, Aesch.
13. πολλάς with Verbs of beating, the Subst. πληγάς being omitted, v. plhgh/ 1.
14. Adverbial usages:
15. neut. πολύ (ionic πολλόν), πολλά, much, very, Hom., etc.; μάλα πολλά id=Hom.; πάνυ πολύ Plat.:—also of repetition, many times, ofttimes, often, much, Hom., etc.:—also with the Art., τὸ πολύ for the most part, Plat.; ὡς τὸ π. Xen.; so, τὰ πολλά, ὡς τὰ π. Thuc.
16. of Degree, far, very much, Hdt.; so absol. gen. πολλοῦ, very, θραςὺς εἶ πολλοῦ Ar.; πολλοῦ πολύς, πολλοῦ πολλή, πολλοῦ πολύ, much too much, id=Ar.
17. of Space, a great way, far, οὐ πολλόν Hdt., etc.
18. of Time, long, id=Hdt.
19. πολύ is often joined with Adjs. and Advs.,
20. with a comp. to increase its compar. force, πολὺ κάλλιον, μεῖζον, πολλὸν ἀμείνων, παυρότεροι much, far more beautiful, etc., Hom., etc.:—so dat. πολλῷ by far, Hdt., etc.
21. with a Sup., πολὺ πρῶτος, πολλὸν ἄριςτος far the first, etc., Il., etc.:—also, πολλῷ πλεῖςτοι Hdt.
22. in attic with a Positive, ὦ πολλὰ μὲν τάλαινα, πολλὰ δ̆ αὖ ςοφή Aesch.
23. with Preps.,
24. διὰ πολλοῦ at a great distance, V. διά A. II. 2.
25. ἐκ πολλοῦ from a great distance, Thuc.; for a long time, v. e)k II. 1.
26. ἐπὶ πολύ,
27. over a great space, far, οὐκ ἐπὶ πολλόν Hdt.
28. for a long time, long, Thuc.
29. to a great extent, Plat.; so, ὡς ἐπὶ π. very generally, Thuc.; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π. for the most part, id=Thuc.
30. παρὰ πολύ, by far, v. para/ C. I. 5.
31. περὶ πολλοῦ, v. supr. I. 3.
32. for comp. πλείων, πλέων; Sup. πλεῖςτος, v. sub vocc.
1. far-bounding, Il.
1. much-sighing, mournful, Od., Aesch.
2. of things, causing many sighs, mournful, Il., Trag.
1. having borne much, much-enduring, epith. of Ulysses, Hom., Soph.
1. loud-roaring, θάλαςςα Hom., etc.
1. feeding many, bountiful, Il., Hes.
1. much-thinking, thoughtful, ingenious, inventive, Hom.
1. abounding in copper or brass Hom.
2. wrought of brass, all-brasen, id=Hom.
1. rich in gold, Hom.; of Aphrodite, Lat. aurea Venus, Hes.
1. conduct, escort, guidance, Hom., etc.; οὐρία π. the conduct of a fair wind, Eur.
2. concrete, an escort, Aesch., Eur.
3. a sending away, a sending home, Od.
4. a sending, mission, Hdt., Plat.: simply, a sending, ξύλων Thuc.
5. a solemn procession, Lat. pompa, ὑπὸ πομπῆς, ςὺν πομπῇ in procession, Hdt.; μήλων κνιςάεςςα πομπή the flesh of sheep for sacrifice carried in procession, Pind.; τὰς πομπὰς πέμπουςιν Dem.
6. τείνειν π. to lead a long procession, of a military expedition, Aesch., Eur.
1. a conductor, escort, guide, Hom., Hdt.; of Hermes (cf. πομπαῖος), Soph.; πομποί attendants, guards, id=Soph.: also πομπός, a conductress, Od.
2. c. gen. rei, τῆςδε προςτροπῆς π. conveyor, carrier of these suppliant offerings, Aesch.
3. a messenger, one who is sent for a person or thing, Soph.
4. as adj., π. ἀρχαί the conducting chiefs, Aesch.; πῦρ πομπόν the missive fire, id=Aesch.
1. in early Greek only as Dep.
2. absol. to work hard, do work, suffer toil, Hom.; περὶ δόρπα πονέοντο were busied about their supper, Il.; so, πεπόνητο καθ̆ ἵππους was busy with the horses, of a charioteer, id=Il.
3. metaph. to be in distress, to distress oneself, id=Il.:— to suffer, be sick, Thuc.
4. c. acc. to work hard at, to make or do with pains or care, Hom., Hes.
5. after Hom., the act. form prevails
6. intr. to toil, labour, Theogn., Hdt., attic; μάτην π. to labour in vain, Soph.; c. acc., τὰ μηδὲν ὠφελοῦντα μὴ πόνει do not labour at things that profit not, Aesch.
7. c. acc. cogn., π. πόνον, μόχθους to go through, suffer them, Trag.; also c. acc. partis, πονεῖν τὰ ςκέλη Ar.
8. absol. to labour, be hard-pressed, suffer, Thuc., Xen.: to be worn out, spoilt, Dem.
9. Pass., impers., οὐκ ἄλλως αὐτοῖς πεπόνηται ͂ πεπονήκαςι, Plat.
10. trans.,
11. c. acc. pers. to afflict, distress, Pind.:—Pass. to be worn out, to suffer greatly, Soph., Thuc.
12. Pass., also, to be trained or educated, Arist., Theocr.
13. c. acc. rei, like ἐκπονεῖν, to gain by toil or labour, χρήματα Xen.: Pass. to be won or achieved by toil, Pind.
1. passing over the sea, seafaring, of ships, Hom., Soph.
1. from or out of the sea, Il.
1. collat. form of πέρθω, to destroy, ravage, waste, plunder, Hom., Hdt., Trag.
2. in pres. and imperf. to endeavour to destroy, to besiege a town, Hdt.:—to destroy, despoil, ruin, Aesch.:—in Pass. to be ruined, undone, Eur.
1. to offer, present what one has prepared, in Hom. of the wife preparing her husband's bed.
2. generally, to make ready, prepare, provide, Soph., Eur., etc.:—Mid. to provide for oneself, get ready, Aesch.
3. of evils, ἐχθροῖς π. ἐχθρά id=Aesch.; π. τοῖς πολεμίοις κακά Xen.:—Pass., ἐπορςύνθη κακά Aesch.
4. to arrange, adjust, manage, π. τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ Hdt.; τάδε Soph., etc.
5. to treat with care, tend, Pind., etc.
1. Homeric usage
2. of the swoln sea, darkgleaming, dark; so, π. νεφέλη.
3. of blood, Il.; π. θάνατος, of death in battle, id=Il.
4. of stuff, cloths, etc., dark, russet.
5. of the rainbow, prob. bright, lustrous; and of serpents glittering.— Hom. seems not to have known the πορφύρα, so that the word does not imply any definite colour.
6. after Hom. (from porfu/ra) dark red, purple or crimson, Pind., Hdt., Trag.
7. purple-clad, in purple, Luc.
1. properly of the sea, ὡς ὅτε πορφύρῃ πέλαγος μέγα κύματι κωφῷ as when the huge sea gleams darkly with dumb swell (i. e. with waves that do not break), Il.
2. metaph., πολλὰ δέ οἱ κραδίη πόρφυρε much was his heart troubled, Hom.
3. after Hom., when the purple-fish (πορφύρα) and its dye became known, to grow purple or red, Bion., Anth.:—so in Mid., εὔδια μέν Anth.
1. for how many days? Il.
1. to fly about, Hom.; κεραυνοὶ ποτέοντο Hes.: simply = pe/tomai, to fly, Aesch., Eur.; τὰ ποτήμενα ςυλλαβεῖν, of vain pursuits, Theocr.:—perf. (with pres. sense), to be upon the wing, Hom.
2. metaph. to hover, Aesch.
3. to be on the wing, be fluttered, Eur., Ar.
1. enclit. Particle:
2. at some time or other, at some time, Hom., etc.
3. at any time, ever, Soph., etc.; often after relat. words, ὅςτις ποτέ, ὅςτις δήποτε, ὅςτις δηποτοῦν, v. dh/pote; also after πω, v. pw/pote; and after negatives, when it often becomes one word with the negat., οὔποτε, μήποτε, οὐδέποτε, μηδέποτε.
4. in correl. clauses it stands first, with accent, ποτὲ μέν . . , ποτὲ δέ . . , at one time . . , at another . . , Lat. modo . . , modo . . , Plat.
5. of some unknown point of time,
6. the past, once, erst, Il., Trag.; in telling a story, once upon a time, Ar.
7. the future, at some time, Il., etc.:—with imperat., Lat. tandem aliquando, Soph.
8. in questions, τίς ποτε; Lat. qui tandem? who in the world? Aesch., etc.; v. ti/pote; ti/pte.
1. a drinking, drink, Hom.
1. a river, stream, Hom., etc.:—proverb., ἄνω ποταμῶν χωροῦςι παγαί, of extraordinary events, Eur.:—of rivers of fire or lava, Pind.
2. as a person, Ποταμός, a river-god, Il.
1. drunk, fit for drinking, Aesch., Eur.
2. as Subst., poto/n, ou=, to/, that which one drinks, drink, esp. of wine, Hom., Hdt., attic; ςῖτα καὶ ποτά meat and drink, Hdt.
3. πάτριον π. drink of my sires, Aesch.; π. κρηναῖον Soph.
1. anywhere, somewhere, Hom., etc.; often with other Advs. of Place, οὐχ ἑκάς που somewhere not far off, Soph.; πέλας που id=Soph.; ἄλλοθί που Dem.:—c. gen., ἀλλά που αὐτοῦ ἀγρῶν in some part there of the fields, Od.; εἴ που τῆς χώρας τοῦτο ςυνέβη Dem.
2. also without reference to Place, in some degree, καί πού τι Thuc.:—often to qualify an expression, anyway, possibly, perhaps, I suppose, I ween, Hom., etc.; εἴ που, ἐάν που, εἰ μή που Xen.; τί που . . ; what in the world? Aesch.;with numerals, δέκα κου about ten, Hdt.:— οὔ τί που denies with indignation or wonder, surely it cannot be, Soph., etc.; whereas οὐ δήπου adds a suspicion that it is so, οὐ δήπου Στράτων; Ar.
1. a foot, Lat. pes, pedis, Hom., etc.; in pl., also, a bird's talons, Od.; the arms of a polypus, Hes.; ξύλινος π., of an artificial foot, Hdt.: phrases in respect to the footrace, περιγιγνόμεθ̆ ἄλλων πόδεςςιν, to be better than others in running, Od.; ποςὶν ἐρίζειν to race on foot, Il.; ποςὶ νικᾶν, ἀέθλια ποςςὶν ἄροντο Hom.:—the dat. ποςί is added to all kinds of Verbs denoting motion, ποςὶ βῆναι, δραμεῖν, ὀρχεῖςθαι, etc.; for πόδα βαίνειν, v. bai/nw A. II. 3:—metaph., νόςτιμον ναῦς ἐκίνηςεν πόδα started on its homeward way, Eur.
2. as a mark of close proximity, πρόςθεν ποδός or ποδῶν, προπάροιθε ποδῶν just before one, Hom.; πὰρ ποδί close at hand, Pind.; but, παρά or πὰρ ποδός off-hand, at once, Theogn.:—so, παρὰ πόδα in a moment, Soph.; παρὰ πόδας Plut.:— ἐν ποςί, like ἐμποδών, close at hand, Hdt., attic; τὰ πρὸς ποςί Soph.:—these phrases are opp. to ἐκ ποδῶν, out of the way, far off, Hdt. (cf. ἐκποδών).
3. to denote close pursuit, κατὰ πόδας on the track, Lat. e vestigio, id=Hdt., attic; c. gen. pers., κατὰ πόδας τινος ἔρχεςθαι, ἰέναι to come close at his heels, Hdt.
4. various phrases: ἐπὶ πόδα backwards, facing the enemy, ἐπὶ π. ἀναχωρεῖν, ἀνάγειν, ἀναχάζεςθαι to retire leisurely, Lat. pedetentim, Xen.
5. περὶ πόδα, properly of a shoe, round the foot, i. e. fitting exactly, Theophr., Luc.
6. ὡς ποδῶν ἔχει as he is off for feet, i. e. as quick as he can, Hdt.
7. ἔξω τινὸς πόδα ἔχειν to have one's foot out of a thing, i. e. be clear of it, ἔξω κομίζου πηλοῦ πόδα Aesch.; πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχειν id=Aesch.:—opp. to εἰς ἄντλον ἐμβῆςαι πόδα, Eur.
8. to denote energetic action, ἀμφοῖν ποδοῖν, Ar.; βοηθεῖν ποδὶ καὶ χειρὶ καὶ πάςῃ δυνάμει Aeschin.; for ὀρθῷ ποδί, v. o)rqo/s II.
9. πούς τινος, periphr. for a person, ςὺν πατρὸς μολὼν ποδί, i. e. ςὺν πατρί, Eur.; παρθένου δέχου πόδα id=Eur.:—also, ἐξ ἑνὸς ποδός, i. e. μόνος ὤν, Soph.; οἱ ἀφ̆ ἡςύχου π., i. e. οἱ ἡςύχως ζῶντες, Eur.
10. metaph. of things, the foot or lowest part, esp. the foot of a hill, Lat. pes montis, Il., etc.
11. in a ship, πόδες are the lower corners of the sail or the ropes fastened thereto, the sheets, Od.; χαλᾶν πόδα to slack away or ease off the sheet, Eur.; τοῦ ποδὸς παριέναι to let go hold of it, Ar.; ἐκπετάςαι πόδα (with reference to the sail), Eur.: —opp. to τείνειν πόδα, to haul it tight, Soph.; ναῦς ἐνταθεῖςα ποδί a ship with her sheet close hauled, Eur.
12. a foot, as a measure of length, 4 palms (παλαςταί) or 6 fingers, about 1/8 of an inch longer than our foot, Hdt., etc.
13. a foot in Prosody, Ar., Plat.
1. of what nature? of what sort? Lat. qualis? used in questions:—in Hom. expressing surprise and anger, ποῖον τὸν μῦθον ἔειπες what manner of speech hast thou spoken! ποῖόν ςε ἔπος φύγεν ἕρκος ὀδόντων! ποῖον ἔειπες! etc.
2. ποῖος οὐ; interrog., equiv. to ἕκαςτος affirm., Hdt., Soph.
3. in attic, often with Art., τὸ ποῖον φάρμακον; Aesch.; τὰ ποῖα τρύχη; Ar.; τὸ ποῖον; Plat., etc.
4. ποῖός τις; makes the question less definite, κοῖόν μέ τινα νομίζουςιν εἶναι; Hdt.; ποῖ̆ ἄττα; Plat.; τὰ τοῖ̆ ἄττα; Xen.
5. ποίᾳ, ionic κοίῃ, as Adv., = pw=s; Lat. quomodo? Hdt., Ar.
6. like ὁποῖος, in indirect questions, διδάξω ποῖα χρὴ λέγειν Aesch. etc. (ποῖος, πόςος must be referred to a primitive *πός, as the correlat. Adjs. οἷος, ὅςος to ὅς.）
1. interrog. adv., in direct or indirect questions, corresponding to the relat. ὅπου, where? Lat. ubi? Hom., etc.:—c. gen. loci, ποῦ γῆς; ποῦ χθονός; where in theworld? Lat. ubinam terrarum? Aesch., etc.; so, ποῦ ποτ̆ εἶ φρενῶν; Soph.; ποῦ γνώμης εἶ; Id=Soph..; ποῦ τύχης; at what point of fortune? Id=Soph.
2. of manner, how? Eur.; to express an inference very strongly, κοῦ γε δὴ . . οὐκ ἂν χωςθείη κόλπος . . ; how then would it not . . ? i. e. it certainly would . . , Hdt.; also in Trag., in indignant questions, how? by what right? ποῦ ςὺ μάντις εἰ ςοφός; Soph.
1. to pass over, ἅλα πρήςςοντες Od.; πρ. κέλευθον to accomplish a journey, Hom.; also c. gen., ἵνα πρήςςωμεν ὁδοῖο Il.
2. to achieve, bring about, effect, accomplish, id=Il.; οὔτι πρ. to avail naught, id=Il.; πρ. δεςμόν to cause one's bondage, bring it on oneself, Pind.; πρ. ὥςτε, Lat. efficere ut, Aesch.: —Pass., πέπρακται τοὖργον id=Aesch.; τὰ πεπραγμένα, Lat. acta, Pind., attic
3. absol. to effect an object, be successful, Hom.
4. to make so and so (cf. ποιέω III), Νηρηίδων τινὰ πρ. ἄκοιτιν Pind.
5. to have to do, be busy with, τὰ ἑαυτοῦ πράττειν to mind one's own business, Soph., etc.
6. πράττειν τὰ πολιτικά, τὰ τῆς πόλεως to manage state-affairs, take part in the government, Plat.:—then, absol., without any addition, ἱκανὸς πράττειν, of a statesman, Xen.
7. generally, to transact, negotiate, manage, πρ. Θηβαίοις τὰ πράγματα to manage matters for their interest, Dem.; and in Pass., τῶι Ἱπποκράτει τὰ πράγματα ἐπράττετο matters were negotiated with him, Thuc.;—but τὰ πράγματα may be omitted, οἱ πράςςοντες αὐτῶι those who were treating with him, id=Dem.; so, πράςςειν πρός τινα id=Dem.; ἔς τινα id=Dem.; also, πρ. περὶ εἰρήνης Xen.; οἱ πράςςοντες the traitors, Thuc.; also, πρ. ὅπως πόλεμος γένηται id=Thuc.; c. acc. et inf., τὴν ναῦν μὴ δεῦρο πλεῖν ἔπραττεν Dem.:—Pass., of secret practices, εἰ μή τι ςὺν ἀργύρωι ἐπράςςετο unless some bribery was a-practising, Soph.; ἐπράςςετο προδόςιος πέρι Thuc.
8. to practise, Lat. agere, ἀρετάς Pind.; δίκαια ἢ ἄδικα Plat.: absol. to act, id=Plat., etc.
9. intr. to be in a certain state or condition, to do or fare so and so, ὁ ςτόλος οὕτω ἔπρηξε Hdt., etc.; εὖ or κακῶς πράττειν to do or fare well or ill, id=Hdt., etc.; πρ. καλῶς Aesch.; εὐτυχῶς Soph.; πρ. ὡς ἄριςτα καὶ κάλλιςτα Thuc.; the perf. 2 πέπρα_γα is mostly used in this sense, Hdt., Ar., etc.
10. c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, πράττειν τινά τι to do something to one, Eur., etc.
11. πράττειν τινὰ ἀργύριον to exact money from one, Hdt.: often in attic, of state officers, who collected the taxes (cf. εἰςπράςςω, ἐκπράςςω III), Plat., etc.; also, πρ. τι παρά τινος to obtain or demand from another, Hdt.:—metaph., φόνον πρ. to exact punishment for murder, to avenge, punish, Aesch.:—Pass., πεπραγμένος τὸν φόρον called on to pay up the tribute, Thuc.:—Mid., πράξαςθαί τινα ἀργύριον, χρήματα, μιςθόν, τόκους to exact for oneself, Hdt., etc.; φόρους πράςςεςθαι ἀπό or ἐκ τῶν πόλεων Thuc.:—perf. and plup. pass. are used in mid. sense, εἰ μὲν ἐπεπράγμην τοῦτον τὴν δίκην if I had exacted from him the full amount, Dem.
1. of impressions on the senses,
2. on the eye, to be clearly seen, to be conspicuous, ὁ δ̆ ἔπρεπε καὶ διὰ πάντων Il.; c. dat. rei, to be distinguished in or by a thing, Aesch., Eur.:—absol. to shine forth, shew itself, appear, Pind., Aesch.; with a part., to be clearly seen as doing or being, Aesch.
3. on the ear, βοὰ πρέπει the cry sounds loud and clear, Pind., Aesch.
4. on the smell, to be strong or rank, Aesch.
5. to be conspicuously like, to be like, to resemble, c. dat., Pind., Eur.
6. c. inf., δράμημα φωτὸς Περςικὸν πρέπει μαθεῖν his running is like Persian to behold, i. e. one may see it is Persian, Aesch.; so, πρέπει ὡς τύραννος εἰςορᾶν Soph.
7. to be conspicuously fit, to become, beseem, suit, c. dat. pers., θνατὰ θνατοῖςι πρέπει Pind., etc.
8. often in part., πρέπον ἐςτί or ἦν for πρέπει or ἔπρεπε, Thuc., etc.; rarely c. gen., πρ. ἦν δαίμονος τοὐμοῦ τόδε Soph.:—part. neut. τὸ πρέπον, οντος, that which is seemly, fitness, propriety, Lat. decorum, Plat.
9. rarely with a person as the subject, πρέπων ἔφυς φωνεῖν art the fit person to speak, Soph.
10. impers. πρέπει, Lat. decet, it is fitting, it beseems, suits, becomes, c. dat. pers. et inf., οὐ πρέπει ἄμμιν λύειν τείχη Theogn.; ὡς πρέπει δούλοις λέγειν Eur.:—also c. acc. pers. et inf., τὸν πρέπει τυγχανέμεν ὕμνων Pind., etc.:—c. inf. only, πρέπει γαρυέμεν id=Pind.:—when an acc. alone follows, an inf. must be supplied, τίςαςθαι ὡς ἐκείνους πρέπει (sc. τίςαςθαι) Hdt.
1. epic fem. of πρέςβυς, the august, honoured, mostly of Hera, hρη, πρέςβα θεά Il.
1. an old man, Lat. senex, (the prose form is πρεςβύτης), Soph., Eur.:— ὁ πρέςβυς is used much like ὁ πρεςβύτερος, the elder, Aesch.:—pl. πρέςβεις, elders, always implying dignity, chiefs, princes, id=Aesch.; epic πρέςβηες Hes.
2. Hom. uses only the comp. and Sup., comp. πρεςβύτερος, α, ον, elder, older, Il., Hdt., Pind., attic; ἐνιαυτῷ by a year, Ar.; βουλαὶ πρεςβύτεραι the wise councils of age, Pind.;—Sup. πρεςβύτατος, η, ον, eldest, Il., Hes., etc.: —the comp. and Sup. were used of things, πρεςβύτερόν τι (or οὐδὲν) ἔχειν = Lat. aliquid (or nihil) antiquius habere, to deem higher, more important, τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεςβύτερα ποιεῖςθαι ἢ τὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν Hdt.; πρεςβύτατον κρίνειν τι Thuc.; πρεςβυτέρως γυμναςτικὴν μουςικῆς τετιμηκέναι more highly than . . , Plat.: —hence, merely of magnitude, πρεςβύτερον κακὸν κακοῦ one evil greater than another, Soph.
3. like πρεςβευτής, an ambassador, Aesch., Ar.;—pl. πρέςβεις is more used than πρεςβευταί, Ar., Xen., etc.
4. a chief, president: comp. πρεςβύτερος, an elder of the Jewish Council, NTest., etc.: an elder of the Church, presbyter, id=NTest.
1. to blow up, swell out by blowing, ἔπρηςεν δ̆ ἄνεμος μέςον ἱςτίον Od.
2. to blow out, drive out by blowing, τὸ δ̆ [αἷμα] ἀνὰ ςτόμα πρῆςε he blew a shower of blood through his mouth, Il.
1. formed with a comparative force from pro/:
2. adv. of Time, before,
3. of future time, before that time, sooner, with fut. Ind. or Subj. = fut., Hom.: with Opt. and κεν, Od.
4. of past time, aforetime, formerly, once, erst, Hom.; so with the Art., τὸ πρίν γε . . , νῦν δὲ . . ; νῦν δὲ . . τὸ πρίν γε Il.:—with the Art. the Part. ὤν is omitted, τὰ πρὶν πελώρια (sc. ὄντα) the giants of old, Aesch.; ἐν τῷ πρὶν χρόνῳ Soph.; ἐν τοῖς πρὶν λόγοις Thuc.
5. πρὶν ἤ, as Conjunction, before that, before, ere, priusquam, Hom.; but ἤ is often omitted, so that πρίν becomes a Conjunction: the antecedent clause also has πρίν (or πρότερον, πρόςθεν, πάρος), so that πρίν the Conjunction is relat. to πρίν the adv., especially after a negat.:—it is constructed with Inf., ναῖε δὲ Πήδαιον, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν Il.; οὐδὲ παύςεται χόλου, πρὶν καταςκῆψαί τινα Eur.
6. with a finite Verb:
7. with Ind., in which case Hom. uses πρίν γ̆ ὅτε, πρίν γ̆ ὅτε δή, until, μάχη τέτατο, πρίν γ̆ ὅτε δὴ Ζεὺς κῦδος Ἕκτορι δῶκε Il.; so, οὐκ ἦν ἀλέξημ̆ οὐδέν, πρίν γ̆ ἐγὼ ςφίςιν ἔδειξα Aesch.
8. with Subj. only after negatives or equiv. of neg., οὐ καταδυςόμεθ̆, πρὶν μόρςιμον ἦμαρ ἐπέλθῃ we will not go down, till the day of death come on, Od.;—in attic πρὶν ἄν is regular, οὐδέν ἐςτι τέρμα μοι μόχθων, πρὶν ἂν Ζεὺς ἐκπέςῃ τυραννίδος Aesch.; but ἄν is sometimes omitted, μὴ ςτέναζε, πρὶν μάθῃς Soph.; as always with πρὶν ἤ, πρὶν ἢ ἀνορθώςωςι Hdt.
9. with Opt., after historical tenses, οὐκ ἔθελεν φεύγειν πρὶν πειρήςαιτ̆ Ἀχιλῆος Il.; ἔδοξέ μοι μὴ ποιεῖςθαι, πρὶν φράςαιμί ςοι Soph.
1. one that does, a doer, Il.
2. a trader, Lat. negotiator, Od.
1. poet. word,
2. properly = fre/nes, the midriff, diaphragm, Il.: then
3. like φρένες, the wits, understanding, mind, heart, id=Il.:—sg. πραπίς, ίδος, Pind., Eur.
1. a gift of honour, such as was offered to elders, Il.
2. the privilege of age, and generally, a privilege, Plat., etc.
3. the right of the eldest, his share of the inheritance, Dem.
1. eldest-born, first-born, Il., Eur.
2. οἱ πρεςβυγενεῖς the senators, Plut.
1. with the face downwards, head-foremost, Lat. pronus, opp. to ὕπτιος (Lat. supinus), Il., Hes.
2. of the sides of hills, πρὸς κατὰ πρανοῦς down hill, Xen.; κατὰ τὰ πρανῆ id=Xen.
1. to hold before, so as to protect another, Ar. Xen.:—Mid. to hold before oneself, hold out before one, Hom., Ar.
2. metaph. in Mid. to put forward, use as a pretext, Soph.; ὅπερ μάλιςτα προὔχονται, μὴ ἂν γίγνεςθαι τὸν πόλεμον which is the chief reason they allege, to shew that the war would not arise, Thuc.
3. to hold forth, offer, id=Thuc.
4. to be possessed or informed of a thing beforehand, Hdt.
5. to have before others, τιμὴν προέξους̆ τῶν ἐνδίκων shall have honour before the righteous, Soph.: absol., ὁ προέχων the first possessor, Arist.
6. intr. to jut out, project of headlands, towers, hills, Hom., Hdt., etc.
7. in running, to be the first, have the start, Il.; c. gen., προέχων τῶν ἄλλων getting before the rest, Hdt.; πρ. ἡμέρης ὁδῷ to keep ahead by a day's march, id=Hdt.; πρ. τῇ κεφαλῇ to beat by a head, in racing, Xen.;—of Time, προεῖχε [ἡ τριήρης] ἡμέρᾳ καὶ νυκτί started first by a day and night, Thuc.
8. of rank, c. gen., δήμου προὔχουςιν they are the first or chief of the people, Hhymn.:— absol. to be superior, to be eminent, Thuc.; τὸ προὔχον all that is eminent, id=Thuc.; οἱ προὔχοντες the chief men, id=Thuc.
9. to surpass, excel, c. gen., Hdt., attic; πρ. τινὸς τιμήν to be preferred to him in honour, Soph.
10. rarely c. acc. pers., Xen.:—Pass. to be excelled, NTest.
11. impers., οὔ τι προέχει it naught avails, c. inf., Hdt.
1. to send before, send on or forward, Hom.: also, to send something to another, ἀγγελίας, φήμην Od.:—Hom. often with an inf. added; αἰετὼ προέηκα πέτεςθαι, οὖρον προέηκεν ἀῆναι Od.
2. to send away, dismiss, let go, Il.; τήνδε θεῷ πρόες let her go to the god, i. e. in reverence to him, id=Il.
3. to let loose, let fall, esp. thoughtlessly, ἔπος προέηκε let drop a word, Od.; πηδάλιον ἐκ χειρῶν προέηκε he let the helm slip from his hands, id=Od.; δάκρυα προῆκεν Eur.
4. of missiles, to send forth, shoot or dart forth, Hom.
5. of a river, ὕδωρ προί̈ει ἐς Πηνειόν it pours its water into the Peneius, Il.
6. πρ. τινί ποιεῖν τι to allow one to do, Pind.
7. to give up, deliver over, betray one to his enemy, Hdt., Thuc.: —Pass. to be given or thrown away, εἰ προεῖτο ταῦτα Dem.
8. ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτίκα ἡδὺ πρ. αὑτόν to give up or devote oneself to present delights, Xen.
9. Mid. to send forward from oneself, drive forward, Xen.:—of sounds, to utter, Aeschin., etc.
10. to give up, let go: to give up to the enemy, Thuc., etc.; πρ. ςφᾶς αὑτούς gave themselves up as lost, id=Thuc.
11. to desert, abandon, id=Thuc.; οὐδαμῆ προί̈εντο ἑαυτούς did not lose themselves (i. e. take bribes), Dem.
12. to give away, give freely, Thuc., etc.; προέςθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ἰδίων Dem.
13. to throw off one's clothes, id=Dem.: and, in bad sense, to throw away, τὸν καιρόν id=Dem.; τὰ πατρῷα Aeschin.: absol. to be lavish, Arist.
14. a second predicate is sometimes added, ἡμᾶς προέςθαι ἀδικουμένους to suffer us to be wronged, Thuc.; προέμενοι αὐτοὺς ἀπολέςθαι Xen.; πρ. τινὶ ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατῆςαι Dem.
15. to suffer to escape, Polyb.
16. rarely in good sense, to give over to one, confide to one's care, Xen.
17. to neglect, disregard, Arist.:— absol. to neglect all advice, to be reckless, Dem.
1. Causal in these tenses, as also in pres. and aor1 mid., to set before or in front, προςτήςας [ςε] Τρωςὶ μάχεςθαι Il.
2. to set over others, c. gen., Plat.
3. Mid., mostly in aor1, to put another before oneself, choose as one's leader, Hdt.: c. gen., προί̈ςταςθαι τουτονὶ ἑαυτοῦ to take as one's leader, Plat.
4. to put before one, put in front, Hdt., etc.
5. metaph. to put forward as a pretence, use as a screen, τὰ τῶν Ἀμφικτυόνων δόγματα προςτήςαςθαι Dem.; c. gen. to use one thing as a pretext for another, id=Dem.
6. to prefer, value one above another, τινά τινος Plat.
7. Pass., with aor2 act. προὔςτην: perf. προέςτηκα, ionic 2nd pl. προέςτατε, inf. προεςτάναι, part. προεςτώς: aor1 pass. προεςτάθην:—3 to put oneself forward, come forward, Dem.
8. c. acc. to approach, Soph.
9. c. dat. to stand before or face another, id=Soph.
10. c. gen. to be set over, be the chief power, τῆς Ἑλλάδος, τῶν Ἀρκάδων Hdt.:— to be at the head of a party, act as chief or leader, τῶν παράλων, τῶν ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου id=Hdt.; τοῦ δήμου Thuc.: hence absol., οἱ προεςτῶτες, ionic -εῶτες, the leading men, chiefs, leaders, Hdt., Thuc., etc.
11. in various relations, to govern, direct, manage, οὐκ ὀρθῶς ςεωυτοῦ προέςτηκας you do not manage yourself well, Hdt.; πρ. τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ βίου Xen.
12. to stand before so as to guard him, Hdt.; πρόςτητε τύχης be our defence against fortune, Soph.; ὁ προςτὰς τῆς εἰρήνης the champion of peace, Aeschin.;—also, προὐςτήτην φόνου were the authors of death, Soph.:—absol., βέλεα ἀρωγὰ προςταθέντα id=Soph.
1. springing forward, i. e. overhanging, abrupt, Il.
2. metaph. = propeth/s:— comp. adv., προαλέςτερον more eagerly, Strab.
1. to throw before, throw or toss to, Lat. projicere, Νότος Βορέῃ προβάλεςκε [ςχεδίην] Od.; τοὺς μαζοὺς κυςὶ προέβαλε Hdt.
2. to put forward, i. e. to begin, ἔριδα προβαλόντες Il.
3. to put forward as a defence or plea, Soph., Eur.:—Pass., Thuc.
4. to propose for an office, Andoc.
5. to propose a problem, riddle (cf. πρόβλημα IV), Ar., etc.
6. to put forth beyond, τί τινος Soph.
7. πρ. ἑαυτόν to give oneself up for lost, Lat. spem abjicere, Hdt.; so, πρ. ἐμαυτὸν εἰς δεινὰς ἀράς Soph.
8. Mid. with perf. pass. (which is used also in pass. sense):— to throw or toss before one, οὐλοχύτας προβάλοντο Hom.: to throw away, expose, Soph.
9. to lay before or first, θεμείλιά τε προβάλοντο Il.
10. to set before oneself, propose to oneself, ἔργον Hes.
11. to propose for election, Lat. designare, Hdt., attic:— Pass. to be so proposed, Hdt.
12. to throw beyond, beat in throwing; and so, to surpass, excel, c. gen. pers. et dat. rei, ἐγὼ δέ κε ςεῖο νοήματί γε προβαλοίμην Il.
13. to hold before oneself, τὼ χεῖρε Ar.; πρ. τὰ ὅπλα, i. e. to present arms, whether for offensive or defensive purposes, Xen.;—so, in perf. pass., κοντὸν προβεβλημένος having a pole advanced, with levelled pole, Luc.; also, προβεβλημένοι τοὺς θωρακοφόρους having them to cover one in front, Xen.:—absol. to stand in front, stand on the defensive, id=Xen.; προαίρεςις προβεβλημένη a defensive system, Dem.:— c. gen., προβεβλῆςθαί τινος to stand before, shield him, id=Dem.
14. metaph. to put forward, id=Dem.:— to bring forward or cite in defence, Plat.: to cite as an example, Hdt.:— to use as an excuse or pretext, Thuc.:— προβέβληνται (in mid. sense), id=Thuc.
15. as attic law-term, to present or accuse a person before the Ecclesia by the process called προβολή (v. probolh/ IV); ὁ προβαλλόμενος the prosecutor in a προβολή, Dem.:—Pass. to be accused, Xen.
1. to prefer one to another, τινά τινος Il.
1. to step on, step forward, advance, Hom., etc.:—as a mark of Time, ἄςτρα προβέβηκε they are far gone in heaven, i. e. it is past midnight, Il.; ἡ νὺξ προβαίνει the night is wearing fast, Xen.; then of Time itself, τοῦ χρόνου προβαίνοντος as time went on, Hdt.; so, προβαίνοντος τοῦ ἔργου, τοῦ πολέμου id=Hdt.; and of persons, τοὺς προβεβηκότας τῇ ἡλικίᾳ advanced in age, Lys., etc.
2. metaph. of narrative, argument, events, προβήςομαι ἐς τὸ πρόςω τοῦ λόγου Hdt.; πρ. ἐπ̆ ἔςχατον θράςους Soph.; τὸ τῆς τύχης ἀφανὲς οἷ προβήςεται Eur.; πρ. πόρρω μοχθηρίας to be far gone in knavery, Xen.; πρ. εἰς τοῦτο ἔχθρας Dem.
3. to advance, proceed, προέβαινε τὸ ἔθνος ἄρχον the nation kept making advances in dominion, kept extending its sway, Hdt.; μὴ προβαίη μεῖζον ἢ τὸ νῦν κακόν lest it creep on, increase, Eur.
4. to go before, i. e. to be before or superior to another, c. gen., προβέβηκας ἁπάντων Il.; Τρηχῖνος προβέβηκε he was set over, i. e. ruled, Trachis, Hes.
5. c. acc. rei, to overstep, τέρμα προβάς (for ὑπερβάς) Pind.
6. in Poets, πόδα πρ. to advance the foot, Theogn.; τὸν πόδα Ar.; προβὰς κῶλον, ἀρβύλαν προβάς Eur.; v. bai/nw A. II. 3.
7. Causal, in fut. act., to put forward, advance, τίς τρόπος ἄνδρα προβάςει [α_]; Pind.
1. to make step forward, lead forward, lead on, τινά Soph., Ar., etc.:— to lead on, induce, λόγῳ τινὰ πρ. Xen.
2. to push forward, advance, to exalt, τὴν πατρίδα Polyb.
3. to teach beforehand, τινά τι LXX.:— Pass., prob. in NTest.
1. forestretching, jutting, Hom.: προβλῆτες, without Subst., forelands, headlands, Soph.
1. to go or come forth, to go out of the house, Hom.
1. to shout before, cry aloud, Il., Soph.
1. Dep. to come forwards, τάχα προγένοντο quickly they came in sight, Il.
2. to be born before, exist before, Hdt.; οἱ προγεγονότες θεοί id=Hdt.; οἱ πρ. ἄνθρωποι former men, and οἱ προγεγενημένοι Xen.
3. of events and the like, ταῦτά μοι προὐγεγόνει Plat.; τὰ προγεγενημένα things of old time, Thuc.; προγεγενημένοι πόλεμοι, καιροί id=Thuc.
1. born before, primaeval, Soph.: —comp. προγενέςτερος earlier in birth, i. e. older, Hom.; οἱ πρ. our predecessors, Arist.:—Sup. προγενέςτατος, eldest-born, Hhymn.
1. to stop by standing before, c. acc. et inf., προέεργε πάντας ὁδεύειν Il.
1. to row forwards, Hom.
1. to draw on or forward, νῆα ἅλαδε προέρυςςεν drew the ship forward, by hauling her from the beach to the sea, Il.
2. of ships at sea, = proere/ssw, Hom.
1. to see beforehand, catch sight of, Hom., etc.; so in Mid., προϊδέςθαι Od.:—absol. to look forward, id=Od.
2. of Time, to foresee, portend, Orac. ap. Hdt., Pind.:—so in Mid., Xen., etc.
3. to have a care for, provide against, c. gen., ἡμέων οἰκοφθορημένων Hdt.; αὐτῶν (sc. τῶν ἀποβαινόντων) Thuc.:—so in Mid., προϊδομένους αὐτῶν id=Thuc.:— to make provision, προϊδέςθαι ὑπέρ τινος Dem.
1. from the foundations or roots, προθελύμνους ἕλκετο χαίτας he tore his hair out by the roots, Il.; προθέλυμνα χαμαὶ βάλε δένδρεα he threw to earth trees uprooted, id=Il.; ἐφόρει τὰς δρῦς προθελύμνους Ar.
2. ςάκος ςάκεϊ προθελύμνῳ φράξαντες fixing shield on shield close-pressed, — where θέλυμνα are the several shields, each overlapping its neighbour, Hom.
1. τοὔνεκά οἱ προθέουςιν ὀνείδεα μυθήςαςθαι do they therefore let him speak reproachful words? Il.
1. to spring before, forth, forward, only in aor2 part. προθορών, Il.
1. readiness, willingness, eagerness, zeal, ἧςι προθυμίῃςι [ι_] πεποιθώς, i. e. πρόθυμος ὤν, Il.; πάςῃ προθυμίᾳ with all zeal, Plat.; ὑπὸ προθυμίας zealously, id=Plat.
2. c. gen. pers., ἐκ τῆς Κλεομένεος προθυμίης at his desire, Hdt.; κατὰ τὴν τούτου προθυμίην as far as his desire goes, id=Hdt.; τοῦ θεοῦ προθυμίᾳ by the will of the god, Eur.
3. c. gen. rei, προθυμίη ςωτηρίης zeal to save him, Hdt.; πρ. ἔργου readiness for action, the will or purpose to act, Soph.
4. πρ. ἔχειν, ͂ προθυμεῖςθαι, Hdt.; c. inf., id=Hdt., attic
5. good-will, ready kindness, Hdt.
1. to send forth, dismiss, Hom.
1. to send forward, to send untimely to the nether world, Il., Aesch.
1. to sit down or alight before, Il.
2. to sit in public, sit in state, ἐς θρόνον Hdt.: —so in Mid., id=Hdt.
3. to settle before, id=Hdt.
4. trans. to set over, Polyb.
1. to call forth: mostly in Mid., 3 sg. epic aor1 προκαλέςςατο, imperat. προκάλεςςαι: — to call out to fight, challenge, defy, Lat. provoco, Hom.; so, πρ. εἰς ἀγῶνα Xen.
2. to invite or summon beforehand, τινὰ ἐς λόγους Hdt., Thuc.; ἐς ςπονδάς Thuc.; ἐπὶ ξυμμαχίαν id=Thuc.
3. c. acc. et inf. to invite one to do, id=Thuc., etc.
4. absol., αὐτῶν προκαλεςαμένων at or after their invitation, id=Thuc.
5. c. acc. rei, to offer or propose, δίκην id=Thuc.; τὰς ςπονδάς Ar.; c. acc. pers. added, προκαλεῖςθαί τινα τὴν εἰρήνην to offer one peace, id=Ar.
6. as attic law-term, to make an offer or challenge to the opponent, such as to submit the case to arbitration, let slaves be put to the torture, Dem.; cf. πρόκληςις: — Pass., πρ. ἐς κρίςιν περί τινος Thuc.
7. to call up or forth, εὐγένειαν Eur.
1. Dep. to call forth or out, challenge, defy, Hom.
1. Pass. to roll forward, of a wave, Il.
1. to go forth and leave, to leave behind, forsake, abandon, Hom., etc.; μῆτίς ςε προλέλοιπε prudence hath forsaken thee, Od.; χώραν πρ. to abandon one's post, Thuc.
2. c. inf. to omit to do a thing, Theogn., Soph.
3. of things, to desert, fail one, Plat.
4. intr. to cease or fail beforehand, Ἀτρείδαις οὐ προλείπει φόνος Eur.; εἴ τῳ προλείποι ἡ ῥώμη Thuc.; of persons, to faint, fall into a swoon, Eur.
1. Dep. to fight before, ἁπάντων before all, Il.
2. to fight for or in defence of, τινος Ar.
1. to mingle beforehand:—Pass., παλλακίδι προμι^γῆναι (aor2 inf.) to have intercourse with her before, Il.
1. to fight before, Τρωςί in front of the Trojans, as their champion, Il.; also, to fight as champion with another, Ἀχιλῆι id=Il.
1. to perceive before, foresee, Il., Thuc., Arist.; προνοῶν ὅτι . . foreseeing that . . , Xen.
2. to think of or plan beforehand, provide, Od.:—absol. to be provident, take measures of precaution, Eur., Thuc.: —πρ. ὅτι . . , to provide, take care that . . , Thuc.; ὅπως . . , Xen., etc.
3. c. gen. to provide for, take thought for, id=Xen.
4. in same sense, Dep. προνοοῦμαι
5. Act. to provide, Thuc., etc.:—c. inf. to take care to do, Eur.
6. c. gen. to provide for, Thuc., etc.
1. prep. with gen., before, in front of, Hom.; πρ. ποδῶν at one's feet, i. e. close at hand, id=Hom.; ἠιόνος πρ. before, i. e. along the shore, Il.; πρ. νεός before, i. e. beyond the ship, Od.
2. before the time of, Aesch.
3. as adv.,
4. of Place, in front, in advance, forward, before, Hom., Hes.
5. of Time, before, formerly, Hom., Aesch.
1. to send before, send on or forward, Hom., Hdt., attic; πρ. ἄχη to cause them, Soph.
2. of things, to send forth, Aesch.; ἰοὺς πρ. to shoot forth arrows, Soph.
3. to conduct, attend, escort, Hdt., attic: — to follow a corpse to the grave, Aesch.; τιμὰς θεοῖς πρ. to carry offerings in procession, id=Aesch.; jocosely, τὸν ἕνα ψωμὸν ἐνὶ ὄψῳ πρ. to let one piece of bread be attended by one condiment, Xen.
4. to pursue, id=Xen.
1. to advance the foot, Il.
1. with the face downwards, Lat. pronus, Il.; φαςγάνῳ προπρηνέϊ with the edge of the sword, Od.:—neut. προπρηνές as adv., forward, Il.
1. Pass. to keep rolling before another, roll at his feet, c. gen., προπροκυλινδόμενος πατρὸς Διός Il.; absol. roaming on for ever, Od.
1. to flow forward, flow amain, of rivers, Hom.
1. to fasten or attach to, attribute, τί τινι Il., Soph., etc.:—in bad sense, to fix upon, μή τι χρέος ἐμᾷ πόλει προςάψῃς Soph.
2. c. acc. only, to apply, Eur.
3. to deliver or confide to, ναυτικόν τινι Xen.
4. intr. to be added, εἰ κακοῖς κακὰ προςάψει Soph.
5. Mid. to fasten oneself upon, to lay hold of, reach, touch, Xen.
6. to meddle with, c. gen., Aeschin.
1. to come to aid, τινί Il.
1. to fit to:—intr., to be fitted to, ἐπίςςωτρα προςαρηρότα tires firmly fitted, Il.: an ionic perf. pass. προςαρήρεται Hes.
1. to speak to, address, accost, τινά Il., Trag.
2. c. acc. to address words to one, Il.
3. to speak of, τύχαν ςέθεν Eur.:—Pass., ἀδελφὴ προςηυδώμην was addressed as sister, Soph.
1. to strike or dash against, τί τινι Il.; ἀψῖδα πέτρῳ πρ. letting it dash against, Eur.; τὸν πρὶν ὄλβον ἕρματι πρ. to wreck his happiness on a rock, Aesch.; πρ. θηρία τινί to set them on him, Dem.; πρ. δόρυ τινί Eur.:—without any notion of violence, to put to, apply, μαλακὰν χέρα πρ. [ἕλκει] of a surgeon, Pind.; πρ. παρειὰν παρηίδι Eur.; ὄμματα τέκνοις id=Eur.
2. to assign to, procure for, κέρδος τινί Hdt.; πρ. Λακεδαιμονίοις Ὀλυμπιάδα to give them the honour of an Olympic victory, id=Hdt.; πρ. κακὸν τῇ πόλει Aesch.; εὔκλειαν ςαυτῇ Soph.; πρ. δεῖμά τινι, Lat. incutere timorem alicui, Eur.
3. with acc. of the object struck, ἀρούρας προςβάλλειν, of the Sun, to strike the earth with his rays, Hom.; of smells, βροτοῦ [ὀςμὴ] με προςέβαλε Ar.
4. metaph. to attend to a thing or to add, Soph.
5. μή μ̆ ἀνάγκῃ προςβάλῃς τάδ̆ εἰκαθεῖν do not drive me by force to give way, id=Soph.
6. intr. to strike against, to make an attack or assault upon, τινί Aesch., etc.; πρὸς τὸ τεῖχος Hdt.:—absol. to attack, charge, id=Hdt.; προςβαλὼν αἱρεῖ τὴν πόλιν by assault, Xen.
7. to put in with a ship, ἐς τὸν λιμένα Thuc.; πρὸς Τάραντα id=Thuc.; c. dat., Σικελίᾳ id=Thuc.
8. Mid. to throw oneself upon, attack, τινα Il.
1. to step upon, Hom., Il.; πρὸς τὸ κάτω τοῦ τόξου τῷ ἀριςτερῷ ποδὶ πρ., so as to get a purchase in drawing it, Xen.
2. to go to or towards, approach, c. acc. loci, Hom., etc.; —c. dat., Plat.
3. to mount, ascend, Hdt., Soph.
4. absol. to step on, advance, Soph.
5. metaph. to come upon, τίς ςε προςέβα μανία; id=Soph.; ἄλλοις ἄλλα πρ. ὀδύνα Eur.
1. Dep.
2. to look at, behold, Od., Aesch., etc.
3. to look closely, Soph.
1. Dep.
2. to receive favourably, accept, Hdt.: to receive hospitably, Soph., etc.: to admit into a place, Thuc.: to admit to citizenship, Plat.
3. to admit an argument, id=Thuc.
4. epic part. ποτιδέγμενος, waiting for or expecting, Hom.; so, προςδεκομένους τοιοῦτο οὐδέν Hdt.; τῷ Νικίᾳ προςδεχομένῳ ἦν was according to his expectation, Thuc.: —c. acc. et inf. fut. to expect that . . , Hdt., etc.
5. absol. to wait patiently, Hom.
1. to press or force towards, Il.; μὴ προςείλει χεῖρα press not your hand against me, Eur.
1. Dep. to belch at or against: metaph., of waves, to break foaming against, Hom.
1. to speak to one, to address, accost, Hom., etc.; πρ. ὀνόματί τινα Dem.:—c. dupl. acc., τί προςείπω ς̆ ἔπος; Ar.
2. to address as so and so, πρ. τινὰ ὡς ἀλλότριον Plat.; πρ. τινὰ χαίρειν to bid him greeting, Eur.
3. to call so and so, to name, τί νιν προςείπω; Aesch.; τοῦτο γάρ ς̆ ἔχω μόνον προςειπεῖν Soph.; ὅν μοι προςεῖπας πόςιν whom thou didst name my husband, Eur.
1. intr. to come near, approach, Il.; c. dat., Od.
1. to delight or please besides, Il.
1. to call or speak to, address, accost, τινά Hom., etc.; absol., Od.; τοῖςιν προςεφώνεε addressed [them] in these words, id=Od.; (but c. dat. pers., NTest.):—c. dupl. acc. to address words to a person, Il., Eur.
2. to call by name, Eur.
3. c. acc. rei, to pronounce, utter, Soph.
1. to make to grow to: metaph. to make sure, confirm, Aesch., Ar.
2. Pass. or Mid., to grow to or upon, c. dat., Eur.:—metaph. to cling to, τῷ προςφὺς ἐχόμην Od.; and absol., προςφῦςα Il.; of a fish, τὠγκίςτρῳ ποτεφύετο Theocr.
1. to cut up beforehand, Il.
2. to cut off in front, cut short, Lat. praecidere, Od.
3. Mid. to cut forward or in front of one, εἰ ὦλκα διηνεκέα προταμοίμην if in ploughing I cut a long furrow before me, id=Od.
1. further, forwards, Hom.; καί νύ κε δὴ προτέρω ἔτ̆ ἔρις γένετ̆ the quarrel would have gone further, Il.
1. to place or set before, set out, esp. of meals, τραπέζας πρότιθεν (epic for προὐτίθεςαν) Od.; δαῖτά τινι προθεῖναι Hdt., etc.:—Mid. to have set before one, δαῖτα id=Hdt.
2. like Lat. projicere, πρ. τινὰ κυςίν to throw him to the dogs, Il.; πρ. τινὰ θηρςὶν ἁρπαγήν Eur.
3. generally to hand over to, give over to, τί τινι Soph.
4. to expose a child, Hdt., etc.
5. to set up as a mark or prize, propose, ἀέθλους id=Hdt.; ἅμιλλαν Eur.:—Pass., προὐτέθην ἆθλον δορός id=Eur.
6. to propose as a penalty, θάνατον πρ. ζημίαν Thuc., etc.
7. to set forth, fix, set, ἐς ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα οὖρον τῆς ζόης πρ. Hdt.; so in Mid., οὖρον πρ. ἐνιαυτόν id=Hdt.
8. to propose as a task, τί τινι Soph.:—Mid. to propose to oneself as a task or object, Plat.
9. Mid. also, to put forth on one's own part, display, shew, εὐλάβειαν Soph.
10. προτίθεςθαί τινα ἐν οἴκτῳ to set before oneself in pity, i. e. compassionate, Aesch.
11. πρ. νεκρόν to lay out a dead body, let it lie in state, Hdt.; so in Mid., Eur., etc.
12. to set out wares for show or sale, Luc.
13. to propose, bring forward a thing to be debated, Lat. in medium afferre, προθεῖναι πρῆγμα, λόγον Hdt.; γνώμας Thuc.: —c. inf., προθεῖναι λέγειν to propose a discussion, id=Thuc.:—Mid., πένθος προεθήκαντο proposed to themselves, observed mourning, Hdt.:—Pass., ψῆφος περὶ ἡμῶν προτεθεῖςα Dem.
14. to appoint, hold a meeting, Luc.:—Mid., προὔθετο λέςχην appointed a council, Soph.
15. Pass., οὐ προὐτέθη ςφίςι λόγος speech was not allowed them, Xen.
16. to put forward, as one foot before the other, Eur.
17. to hold out as a pretext, Soph.
18. to put before or first, τι Plat.:—Mid. to put in front, τοὺς γροςφομάχους Polyb.
19. to put before or over, πέπλον ὀμμάτων Eur.
20. to prefer one to another, τί τινος Hdt., Eur.; ἡδονὴν ἀντὶ τοῦ καλοῦ Eur.:—Mid., πάρος τοὐμοῦ πόθου προὔθεντο τὴν τυραννίδα Soph.
1. to do beforehand:—perf. pass. inf. προτετύχθαι, to have happened beforehand, to be past, Il.
1. to look at or upon, Od.
2. of the mind, to look on, look stedfastly on, θάνατον id=Od.; ἦ ς̆ εὖ γιγνώςκων προτιόςςομαι from thorough knowledge of thee I look on my fate, Il.
1. to urge forwards: Mid. to turn in headlong flight (cf. προτροπάδην), προτρέποντο μελαινάων ἐπὶ νηῶν Il.; of the sun, ὅτ̆ ἂν ἂψ ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἀπ̆ οὐρανόθεν προτράπηται Od.; metaph., ἄχεϊ προτραπέςθαι to give oneself up to grief, Il.
2. to urge on, impel, Soph.;—c. acc. pers. et inf. to urge on, impel, persuade one to do a thing, Hdt., attic; προτρ. τινὰ εἰς or ἐπὶ φιλοςοφίαν Plat.:—so in Mid., c. acc. pers. et inf., Aesch., etc.; τὰ κατὰ τὸν Τέλλον προετρέψατο ὁ Σόλων τὸν Κροῖςον Solon. roused Croesus to enquire about Tellus, Hdt.; προτρέψομαι I will exhort or urge thee, Soph.:—Pass. to be persuaded, Xen.
1. headforemost, with headlong speed, Il., Plat.
1. intr. to press forwards, Τρῶες δὲ προὔτυψαν Il.; ἀνὰ ῥῖνας προὔτυψε shot through his nostrils, Od.:—so in Pass., προτυπέν driven on (against Troy), or perh. stricken by an untimely blow, Aesch.
1. to bring before one, bring to, present, offer, Il., Thuc.
2. of words, πρ. ὀνείδεά τινι to throw reproaches in his teeth, Il.: and so, πρ. τινί to throw in one's teeth, bring forward, allege, Lat. objicere, μή μοι δῶρα πρόφερε Ἀφροδίτης id=Il.
3. simply, to utter, αὐδάν, μῦθον Eur.; πρ. Αἴγιναν πάτραν to proclaim it as their country, Pind.
4. to bring forward, cite, Thuc.; προφέρων Ἄρτεμιν pleading Artemis as authority, Aesch.
5. of an oracle, to propose as a task, Hdt.:—Pass., προὐνεχθέντος τινί (gen. absol.) if it were commanded one to do so, Aesch.
6. to bring forward, display, Il.; ἔριδα πρ. to shew, i. e. engage in, rivalry, Od.; πόλεμόν τινι πρ. to declare war against one, Hdt.:—Mid., ξεινοδόκῳ ἔριδα προφέρεςθαι to offer quarrel to one's host, Od.
7. to bear on or away, to carry off, sweep away, of a storm, Hom.
8. to move forward, πόδα Eur.:—then, to promote, further, assist, ἠὼς προφέρει ὁδοῦ morning furthers one on the road, Hes.; πρ. εἴς τι to conduce, help towards gaining an object, Thuc.
9. intr. to surpass, excel another, c. gen., Hdt., Thuc.
1. to bring forth, bring to light, shew forth, manifest, display, Soph.: metaph., Ἀχιλεὺς Αἰγίναν πρ. brought it into light, made it illustrious, Pind.:—Pass. to be shewn forth, come to light, appear, Hom., Soph.; impers., οὐδὲ προὐφαίνετ̆ ἰδέςθαι nor was there light enough for us to see, Od.:—aor2 pass. part. προφα^νείς, εῖςα, coming forward, appearing, id=Od.
2. to indicate or declare before, Soph., Dem.
3. = proti/qhmi I. 5, to propose, ἆθλα Xen.
4. Pass., metaph. of sound, to be plainly heard, προὐφάνη κτύπος Soph.
5. to shew beforehand, foreshew, of oracles, Hdt., Soph.; ὅκως ςτρατίην πέμψεις, οὐ προφαίνεις holdest out no hope that thou wilt send, Hdt.: —Pass. or Mid. to shew itself or appear before, Xen.
6. seeminly intr. (the cognate acc. φάος or φῶς being understood), to give forth light, shine forth, οὐδὲ ςελήνη προὔφαινε Od.; of a torch, Plut.; ὁ προφαίνων a torch-bearer, id=Plut.
1. carried before, placed before, excelling, c. gen., Hes.:—comp., more excellent, superior, surpassing, τῶν ἄλλων προφερέςτερος Od.; c. inf., [ἡμίονοι] βοῶν προφερέςτεραί εἰςιν ἑλκέμεναι are better than oxen in drawing, Il.:—Sup. προφερέςτατος id=Il., Hes.:—also comp. and Sup., προφέρτερος, προφέρτατος Soph.
2. looking older than one is, well-grown, precocious, Plat., Aeschin.
1. to flee forwards, flee away, Il.
2. c. acc. to flee from, shun, avoid, Hom.
1. to pour forth or forward, Il., Pind.; ςπονδὰς προχέαι Hdt.:—metaph., ὄπα γλυκεῖαν Pind.:—Pass., metaph. of large bodies of men pouring over a plain, Il.
1. mostly in pl., the outpouring, i. e. the mouth, of a river, Hom., Pind., etc.; sg. in Hes.
1. men-at-arms, foot-soldiers, opp. to chiefs fighting from chariots, Il.
1. of or from a ship's stern, κάλως Eur.:—neut. pl. πρυμνήςια (sc. δεςμά) stern-cables, Lat. retinacula navis, Hom.
1. the lower part, end, Il.; πρυμνοῖς ἀγορᾶς ἔπι at the far end of the agora, Pind.
1. the hindmost, undermost, end-most: in Hom. always of the end of the limb next the body, the root, πρυμνὸς βραχίων, πρυμνὴ γλῶςςα, etc.; so, πρυμνὴν ὕλην ἐκτάμνειν to cut off the wood at the root, Il.; δόρυ πρυμνόν the part of a spear-head where it joins the shaft, id=Il.; λᾶας πρυμνὸς παχύς a stone broad at base, opp. to ὕπερθεν ὀξύς (which follows), id=Il.; Sup. πρυμνότατος Od.:—for πρύμνη ναῦς, v. pru/mna.
1. the foot of a mountain, Il.
1. early in the day, early, at morn, Il.; c. gen., πρωὶ ἔτι τῆς ἡμέρης Hdt.; ἑκάςτης ἡμέρας τὸ πρῷ Xen.; πρῷ τῇ ὑςτεραίᾳ early next morning, id=Xen.; ἅμα πρωί, ἀπὸ πρωί NTest.
2. generally, betimes, early, in good time, Lat. mature, tempestive, Hes., Ar., etc.; c. gen., πρῲ τῆς ὥρας Thuc.
3. = pro\ kairou=, too soon, too early, πρῷ γε ςτενάζεις Aesch.; πρῲ ἐςβαλόντες, καὶ τοῦ ςίτου ἔτι χλωροῦ ὄντος Thuc. —πρωί takes its degrees of comparison from its deriv. adj. πρώιος, comp. πρωιαίτερον, Sup. πρωιαίτατα, attic πρῳαίτερον, πρῳαίτατα, Thuc., etc.
1. in the prime of youth, Hom.; fem. πρωθήβη Od.
1. neut. pl. πρωιζά was used as adv., just like πρώην, χθιζά τε καὶ πρωιζά yesterday or the day before, Il.
2. οὕτω δὴ πρ. κατέδραθες so very early, Theocr.
1. bearing her first-born, Il., Theocr.
1. first-born, firstling, Il., Hes.; φοῖνιξ πρ. first-created, Eur.
2. of rank, πρ. οἶκοι high-born houses, Soph.
3. first-ordained, Luc.
1. before, Lat. prae:
2. PREP. WITH GENIT.:
3. of Place, before, in front of, πρὸ ἄςτεος, πρὸ πυλάων Hom.; οὐρανόθι πρό Il.; χωρεῖν πρὸ δόμων to come out in front of, Soph.
4. before, in front of, for the purpose of shielding or guarding, ςτῆναι πρὸ Τρώων Il.:— in defence of, for, μάχεςθαι πρὸ γυναικῶν id=Il.; ὀλέςθαι πρὸ πόληος, Lat. pro patria mori, id=Il.
5. πρὸ ὁδοῦ further on the road, i. e. forwards, onward, Il.: (hence φροῦδος).
6. of Time, before, πρὸ γάμοιο Od.; πρὸ ὁ τοῦ ( = ὁ πρὸ τοῦ) ἐνόηςεν one before the other, Il.; πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου Plat., etc.; πρὸ πολλοῦ long before, Hdt.; τὸ πρὸ τούτου before this, before, Thuc.; πρὸ τοῦ (often written προτοῦ) before, Hdt., attic
7. in other relations:
8. of Preference, before, sooner or rather than, κέρδος πρὸ δίκας αἰνῆςαι to praise sleight before right, Pind.; πᾶν πρὸ τῆς παρεούςης λύπης anything before, rather than their actual grievance, Hdt.; πρὸ πολλοῦ ποιεῖςθαι to esteem above much, i. e. very highly, Isocr.; so, πρὸ πολλῶν χρημάτων τιμᾶςθαι Thuc.: redundant, after a comp., ἡ τυραννὶς πρὸ ἐλευθερίης ἀςπαςτότερον Hdt.
9. of Cause or Motive, Lat. prae, for, out of, from, πρὸ φόβοιο for fear, Il.; πρὸ τῶνδε there fore, Soph.
10. POSITION: never after its case, except after the epic gen. Ἰλιόθι πρό, οὐρανόθι πρό, ἠῶθι πρό.
11. πρό, absol. as adv.:
12. of Place, before, in front, forth, forward, Il.
13. of Time, before, beforehand, Od.: before, earlier, Hes.: prematurely, Aesch.
14. with other Preps. ἀποπρό, διαπρό, ἐπιπρό, περιπρό, προπρό, it strengthens the first prep.
15. πρό IN COMPOS.
16. with Substs., to denote
17. position before or in front, πρόθυρον, προπύλαια.
18. priority of rank, πρόεδρος; or of order, προοίμιον.
19. standing in another's place, πρόμαντις, πρόξενος.
20. with Adjs., to denote
21. proximity, readiness, πρόχειρος, πρόθυμος.
22. forth from, προθέλυμνος, πρόρριζος.
23. prematureness, πρόμοιρος, πρόωρος.
24. with Verbs,
25. of Place, before, forwards, προβαίνω, προβάλλω: also before, in defence, προκινδυνεύω.
26. forth, προέλκω, προφέρω:—also publicly, προειπεῖν.
27. giving away, προδίδωμι.
28. before, in preference, προαιροῦμαι, προτιμάω.
29. before, beforehand, προαιςθάνομαι, προνοέω, προοράω.
1. mostly in pl. πρόβατα, properly, anything that walks forward; in Hom. generally of cattle, flocks and herds; in Hdt. and Pind. also of horses; τὰ λεπτὰ τῶν προβάτων small cattle, i. e. sheep and goats, Hdt.; but in attic always of sheep, Ar., Thuc.
2. proverb. of stupid, lazy people, πρόβατ̆ ἄλλως a set of sheep, Ar.; so, προβατίου βίος, i. e. a lazy do-nothing life, id=Ar.
1. the front-door, the door leading from the αὐλή, Hom.; also in pl., id=Hom.
2. the space before a door, a kind of porch or verandah, Lat. vestibulum, Od., Hdt., attic
3. metaph., Κόρινθος πρόθυρον Ποτειδᾶνος Pind.; πρόθυρα ἀρετῆς Plat.
1. to be set before one, of meats, Hom., Hdt.
2. to lie exposed, of a child, Hdt.:— to lie dead, Aesch., Soph.; ὁ προκείμενος the corpse laid out for burial, Soph., etc.
3. to be set before all, as the prize of a contest, Hes.:—metaph. to be set before all, be set forth, proposed, Lat. in medio poni, γνῶμαι τρεῖς προεκέατο three opinions were set forth, proposed, Hdt., etc.:—of contests, struggles, πόνος τε καὶ ἀγὼν πρόκειται Plat.:—in partic., ἄεθλος προκείμενος a task proposed, Hdt., etc.; τὰ προκείμενα, opp. to μέλλοντα, Soph.; τὸ προκείμενον πρῆγμα the matter in hand, Hdt.
4. to be set forth beforehand, to be prescribed, αἱ προκείμεναι ἡμέραι the prescribed days, id=Hdt.; so, ἐνιαυτοὶ πρόκεινται ἐς ὀγδώκοντα are set, fixed at, id=Hdt.; of laws, νόμοι οἱ προκείμενοι Soph.; of penalties, Thuc.
5. to lie before, lie in front of, c. gen., Αἴγυπτος προκειμένη τῆς ἐχομένης γῆς Hdt.; τὰ προκείμενα τῆς χώρας ὄρη Xen.
6. to precede, γράμμα πρ. an initial letter, Anth.
1. heard formerly, of olden time, Il.
1. ranged at regular intervals, like steps or battlements (v. kro/ssai); of ships drawn up on the beach, ranged in a row, Il.; πρόκροςςαι ἐς πόντον ἐπὶ ὀκτώ ranged in rows turned seawards eight deep, Hdt.; of a cup, πέριξ αὐτοῦ γρυπῶν κεφαλαὶ οἱ πρόκροςςοι ἦςαν the heads of griffins were set at intervals round it, id=Hdt.
1. fighting before or in front: πρόμαχοι, οἱ, the foremost fighters, champions, Hom.; ἐν προμάχοιςιν among the foremost, Il.:—as adj., πρ. δόρυ the champion spear, Soph.
2. fighting for, πόλεως, δόμων Aesch.
1. the foremost man, = pro/maxos, Hom.; πρ. τινί opposed to another in the front rank, Il.:— generally, a chief, Lat. primus, princeps, Trag.; πάντων θεῶν θεὸς πρόμος, of the Sun, Soph.
1. πρόπαν ἦμαρ all day long, Hom.; νῆας προπάςας all the ships together, Il.; πρόπαςα χώρα, γαῖα Aesch.; πρόπαντος χρόνου id=Aesch.; πρ. ςτόλος Soph.; πρόπαντα κακὰ κακῶν id=Soph.: neut. πρόπαν, as adv., Eur.
1. by the roots, root and branch, utterly, Lat. radicitus, Il.; πρόρριζόν τινα ἀνατρέπειν Hdt.; ἐκτρίβειν Eur.; πρόρριζος ἔφθαρται Soph.
1. prep. with gen., implying motion from a place; with dat., abiding at a place; with acc., motion to a place
2. WITH GEN.,
3. of Place, from, from forth, Hom., Soph.
4. on the side or quarter of, νήςοιςι πρὸς hλιδος islands looking (as it were) from Elis, i. e. towards Elis, Od.; πρὸς τοῦ Ἑλληςπόντου ἵδρυται μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ Στρύμονος lies more towards (i. e. nearer) the Hellespont than the Strymon, Hdt.; ἐςτρατοπεδεύοντο πρὸς Ὀλύνθου Thuc., etc.:—often with words denoting the points of the compass, δύω θύραι εἰςίν, αἱ μὲν πρὸς βορέαο, αἱ δ̆ αὖ πρὸς νότου one looking north wards, the other south wards, Od.; so, οἰκέουςι πρὸς νότου ἀνέμου Hdt., etc.
5. before, in presence of, in the eyes of, πρός τε θεῶν μακάρων πρός τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων Il.: ἄδικον οὔτε πρὸς θεῶν οὔτε πρὸς ἀνθρώπων Thuc.
6. in supplication, adjuration, protestation, oaths, before, by, Lat. per, γουνάζομαί ςε πρός τ̆ ἀλόχου καὶ πατρός Od.; ἐπιορκεῖν πρὸς δαίμονος to forswear oneself by the god, Il.; πρὸς θεῶν attic:—the Trag. sometimes insert the pron. ςε between the prep. and its case, as in Lat. per te omnes deos oro, πρός νύν ςε πατρὸς πρός τε μητρὸς ἱκνοῦμαι Soph.; μὴ πρός ςε γούνων Eur.
7. of origin or descent, from, on the side of τὰ πρὸς πατρός by the father's side, Hdt.; Ἀθηναῖον καὶ τὰ πρὸς πατρὸς καὶ τὰ πρὸς μητρός Dem.; πρὸς αἵματος blood-relations, Soph.
8. proceeding from some cause, from, at the hand of, τιμὴν πρὸς Ζηνὸς ἔχοντες Od.; τυγχάνειν τινὸς πρὸς θεῶν Aesch.:—so with all Passive Verbs, προτὶ Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι to be taught by Achilles, Il.; τὸ ποιεύμενον πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίων Hdt., etc.:— by means or agency of, πρὸς ἀλλήλοιν θανεῖν Eur.:—also of things, πρὸς τίνος ποτ̆ αἰτίας τέθνηκεν; from or by what cause? Soph.
9. of dependence or close connexion; and so,
10. dependent on one, under one's protection, πρὸς Διός εἰςι ξεῖνοι Od.; πρὸς ἄλλης ἱςτὸν ὑφαίνειν to weave a web at the beck of another woman, Il.
11. on one's side, in one's favour, πρὸς ςοῦ Soph.; πρὸς τῶν ἐχόντων τὸν νόμον τίθης Eur.
12. with, by, μνήμην πρός τινος λείπεςθαι Hdt.
13. fitting, suitable, οὐ πρὸς τοῦ ἅπαντος ἀνδρός, not befitting every man, id=Hdt.; ἦ κάρτα πρὸς γυναικός ἐςτιν 'tis very like a woman, Aesch.; οὐ πρὸς ἰατροῦ ςοφοῦ θρηνεῖν Soph.:—also of qualities, πρὸς δίκης agreeable to justice, id=Soph.; οὐ πρὸς τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης Thuc.
14. WITH DAT., hard by, near, at, on, in, ποτὶ γαίῃ Od.; ποτὶ δρυςίν among the oaks, Il.; ἄγκυραν ποτὶ ναὶ̈ κρημνάντων id=Il.; πρὸς μέςῃ ἀγορᾷ Soph.; πρὸς τῇ γῇ ναυμαχεῖν Thuc.; αἱ πρὸς θαλάττῃ πόλεις Xen.; τὰ πρὸς ποςί that which is close to the feet, before one, Soph.
15. before, in the presence of, πρὸς τοῖς θεςμοθέταις λέγειν Dem.
16. with Verbs denoting motion, followed by rest in or by a place, upon, against, ποτὶ δὲ ςκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ Hom.; βάλλειν τινὰ πρὸς πέτρῃ Od.
17. with a notion of clinging closely, πρὸς ἀλλήλῃςιν ἔχεςθαι id=Od.; προςπεπλαςμένας πρὸς οὔρεςι Hdt.; so, to express close employment, in, upon, πρὸς αὐτῷ γ̆ εἰμὶ τῷ δεινῷ λέγειν Soph.; εἶναι or γίγνεςθαι πρός τινι to be employed in or on a thing, Plat.; ὅλον εἶναι πρός τινι Dem.
18. in addition to, besides, πρὸς τοῖς παροῦςιν ἄλλα Aesch.; δέκα μῆνας πρὸς ἄλλοις πέντε Soph.; πρὸς τῇ ςκυτοτομίᾳ in addition to his trade of leather-cutter, Plat.; πρὸς τούτοις besides this, Lat. praeterea, Hdt., etc.; πρὸς τοῖς ἄλλοις besides all the rest, Thuc.
19. WITH ACCUS.,
20. of Place, towards, to, Lat. versus, ἰέναι πρὸς Ὄλυμπον Il.; πρὸς ἠῶτ̆ ἠέλιόν τε, ποτὶ ζόφον id=Il.
21. with Verbs implying previous motion, upon, against, ἑςτάναι πρὸς κίονα Od.; ποτὶ τοῖχον ἀρηρότες, ποτὶ βωμὸν ἵζεςθαι id=Od.; ἑςτάναι πρὸς ςφαγάς to stand ready for slaughter, Aesch.
22. with Verbs of seeing, etc., towards, ἰδεῖν πρός τινα Od.; so, ςτῆναι ποτὶ πνοιήν to stand so as to face it, Il.; κλαίειν πρὸς οὐρανόν to cry to heaven, id=Il.:—of points of the compass, πρὸς ζόφον κεῖςθαι to lie towards the West, Od.; ναίειν πρὸς hῶ τ̆ hέλιόν τε id=Od.; πρὸς ἑςπέραν, ἄρκτον towards the West, etc.
23. in hostile sense, against, πρὸς Τρῶας μάχεςθαι Il.; πρὸς θεὸν ἐρίζειν Pind.; χωρεῖν πρός τινα Soph.;—in speeches, πρός τινα in reply to, Lat. adversus, less strong than κατά τινος against, Lat. in, Dem.
24. without any hostile sense, ἀγορεύειν, εἰπεῖν πρός τινα to address oneself to him, Il.; ἀμείβεςθαι πρός τινα Hdt.; also of communing with oneself, εἶπε πρὸς ὃν μεγαλήτορα θυμόν, προτὶ ὃν μυθήςατο θυμόν Il.:—of all sorts of intercourse, ὀμόςαι πρός τινα to take an oath to him, Od.; ςπονδάς, ςυνθήκας ποιεῖςθαι πρός τινα Thuc.; ἡ πρός τινα ξυμμαχία id=Thuc.; ἡ πρός τινα φιλία, πίςτις Xen., etc.; but also, πρός τινα ἔχθρα, ἀπιςτία, μῖςος, πόλεμος Aesch., Xen., etc.
25. of transactions, πρὸς Τυδείδην τεύχε̆ ἄμειβεν changed arms with Tydeides, Il.: of matters brought before a magistrate, λαγχάνειν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, γράφεςθαι πρὸς τοὺς θεςμοθέτας ap. Dem.
26. εἶναι πρός τι to be engaged in . . , Plut.
27. of Time, towards or near, at or about, ποτὶ ἕςπερα at even, Od.; ἐπεὶ πρὸς ἑςπέραν ἦν Xen.; πρὸς ἠῶ Theocr.; πρὸς γῆρας for or in old age, Eur.
28. of Relation between two objects,
29. in reference to, in respect of, touching, τὰ πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον, i. e. military matters, Thuc.; τὰ πρὸς τὸν βαςιλέα our relations to the King, Dem.; τὰ πρὸς τοὺς θεούς our duties to the gods, Soph.; ὁ λόγος οὐδὲν πρὸς ἐμέ is nothing to me, concerns me not, Dem.; οὐδὲν αὐτῷ πρὸς τὴν πόλιν ἐςτίν he has nothing to do with it, id=Dem.:—often with Advs., ἀςφαλῶς ἔχειν πρός τι Xen.
30. in reference to, in consequence of, πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμα Hdt.; ἀθύμως ἔχειν πρός τι Xen.:—often with neut. Pron., πρὸς τί; wherefore? to what end? Soph.; πρὸς οὐδέν for nothing, in vain, id=Soph.; πρὸς ταῦτα therefore, this being so, Hdt., attic
31. for a purpose, ὡς πρός τι χρείας; Soph.; ἕτοιμος πρός τι Xen.
32. in proportion or relation to, in comparison of, κοῖός τις ἀνὴρ δοκέοι εἶναι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα Hdt.; implying Superiority, πρὸς πάντας τοὺς ἄλλους, Lat. prae aliis omnibus, id=Hdt.; πρὸς τὰς μεγίςτας καὶ ἐλαχίςτας ναῦς τὸ μέςον ςκοπεῖν the mean between the largest and smallest ships, Thuc.
33. in reference to, according to, πρὸς τὸ παρεὸν βουλεύεςθαι Hdt.; πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν according to one's power, Dem.; πρὸς τὰς τύχας agreeably to one's fortunes, Eur.
34. in accompaniment to musical instruments, πρὸς κάλαμον Pind.; πρὸς αὐλόν or τὸν αὐλόν Eur.
35. often merely periphr. for adv., as πρὸς βίαν ͂ βιαίως, by force, forcibly, Aesch.; πρὸς τὸ καρτερόν id=Aesch.; πρὸς ἰςχύος κράτος Soph.:— πρὸς ἡδονὴν λέγειν, δημηγορεῖν so as to please, Thuc.; πρὸς τὸ τερπνόν calculated to delight, id=Thuc.; πρὸς χάριν so as to gratify, Dem.;—and c. gen. rei, πρὸς χάριν τινός, like χάριν alone, Lat. gratia, for the sake of, πρὸς χ. βορᾶς Soph.; πρὸς ἰςχύος χ. by means of, Eur.; also, πρὸς ὀργήν with anger, angrily, Soph., etc.; πρὸς τὸ λιπαρές importunately, id=Soph.; πρὸς καιρόν seasonably, id=Soph.
36. ABSOL. AS ADV., = pro/s B. II, besides, over and above, πρὸς δέ or ποτὶ δέ Il., Hdt., etc.; πρὸς δὲ καί, πρὸς δὲ ἔτι, καὶ πρός Hdt., etc.; καὶ πρός γε Eur.; καὶ δὴ πρός Hdt.
37. IN COMPOS., it expresses
38. motion towards, προςάγω, προςέρχομαι.
39. addition, besides, προςκτάομαι, προςτίθημι.
40. connexion and engagement with anything, as πρόςειμι, προςγίγνομαι.
1. to go to or towards, approach, absol., Hom., attic:—c. dat. pers. to go to, approach one, Hdt., etc.; πρ. Σωκράτει to visit him as teacher, Xen.:—c. acc. loci, δῶμα, δόμους Aesch., Eur.; πρ. εἰς . . , πρὸς . . , Soph., etc.
2. in hostile sense, to go or come against, attack, τῇ πόλει Xen.; πρός τινα Hdt.; ἐπί τινα Xen.
3. to come over to the side of, in war, Thuc.
4. to come forward to speak, πρ. τῷ δήμῳ Xen.; τῇ βουλῇ Dem.; πρὸς τὰς ἀρχάς Thuc.
5. of things, to be added, ἐλπὶς προςῄει hope alone was left, Aesch.
6. of Time, to come on, be at hand, ἐπεὰν προςίῃ ἡ ὥρη Hdt.; ἑςπέρα προςῄει Xen.
7. to come in, of revenue, Hdt., Thuc.; τὰ προςιόντα the revenue, Ar.
1. prep. with gen.:
2. of Place, before, πρόςθ̆ ἵππων Il., etc.; πρ. ποδῶν Od.; πρ. πυλάων, πρ. πόλιος before, i. e. outside, Il.;—in attic with Art., ἐν τῷ πρ. τοῦ ςτρατεύματος in front of . . , Xen.; εἰς τὸ πρ. τῶν ὅπλων καθέζεςθαι id=Xen.
3. with collat. notion of defence, ςτὰς πρόςθε νεκύων Il.; πρόςθε φίλων τοκέων id=Il.
4. with Verbs of motion, πρ. ἔθεν φεύγοντα id=Il., etc.
5. metaph. before, in preference to, πρ. τιθέναι τί τινος Eur.
6. of Time, before, πρόςθ̆ ἄλλων Il.; τοῦ χρόνου πρ. θανοῦμαι Soph.
7. as adv.:
8. of Place, before, in front, πρόςθε λέων ὄπιθεν δὲ δράκων Il.:— οἱ πρ. the frontrank men, opp. to οἱ ὄπιςθεν, id=Il.:—attic, ὁ πρ. Xen.; τὰ πρ. id=Xen.
9. with Verbs of motion, on, forward, πρ. ἡγεμονεύειν Od.; πάριτε ἐς τὸ πρ. Ar.
10. of Time, before, formerly, erst, Hom., etc.; οἱ πρόςθεν ἄνδρες the men of old, Il.; so, τοῦ πρ. Κάδμου Soph.; ἡ πρ. the elder, Eur.; so, οἱ πρ. πόνοι the former, earlier labours, Aesch.; ἡ πρ. ἡμέρα Xen.:—also, τὸ πρ., as adv., formerly, Hom.; τὰ πρ., Aesch.
11. foll. by a Relat., πρόςθεν, πρὶν . . , Lat. priusquam, mostly with a negat., Od., Xen.:—also, πρόςθεν ἢ . . Soph.; πρόςθεν πρὶν ἤ Xen.
12. like Lat. potius, πρ. ἀποθανεῖν ἢ . . to die sooner than . . , id=Xen.
1. to be placed or laid by or upon, to lie by or upon, οὔατα προςέκειτο handles were upon it, Il.; τῇ θύρᾳ προςκεῖςθαι to keep close to the door, Ar.; δοκοὶ τῷ τείχει προςκείμεναι lying near the wall, Thuc.:— ὁ προςκείμενος ἵππος the inside horse (turning a corner), Soph.
2. to lie beside, cling to, id=Soph.: of a woman, to be given to wife, τινί Hdt.
3. generally, to be involved in or bound up with good or evil, c. dat., Soph.
4. to be attached or devoted to, τινί Hdt., Thuc., etc.; πρ. τῷ λεγομένῳ to put faith in a story, Hdt.; πρ. οἴνῳ to be addicted to wine, id=Hdt.; ἄγραις hunting, Soph., etc.
5. to press upon, be urgent with a person, c. dat., Hdt., Xen.; προςκείμενος with zeal, Thuc.
6. in military sense, to press close or hard, pursue closely, τινί id=Thuc.; absol. to follow close, Ar.; τὸ προςκείμενον the enemy, Hdt.
7. with a thing for the subject, to fall to, belong to, τοῖςι θεῶν τιμὴ αὕτη προςκέαται id=Hdt.; πρ. τινι δοῦλος Eur.:— to be laid upon as a charge, to do something, c. inf., Hdt., Eur.
8. to be added or attached to, Soph., Eur.:—absol., ἡ χάρις προςκείςεται Soph.
1. lately slain, fresh-slain, Il., Hdt.
2. generally, fresh, recent, Aesch., Dem.
3. πρόςφατον as adv. of Time, recently, lately, Pind.
1. to speak to, address, τινά Hom., Hes.; absol., Hom.;— also inf. mid. προςφάςθαι, Od.
1. absol.:
2. of Place, forwards, onwards, further, Hom., etc.; μὴ πόρςω φωνεῖν to speak no further, id=Hom.; μηκέτι πάπταινε πόρςιον Pind.:—also with the Art., πορεύεςθαι αἰεὶ τὸ πρόςω Hdt.; ἰέναι τοῦ πρ. Xen.
3. of Distance, far off, far away, Pind.; ἐγγύς, οὐ πρόςω βεβηκώς Eur.
4. too far, Plat.
5. of Time, forward, πρόςςω καὶ ὀπίςςω, v. sub. ὀπίςω: — henceforth, hereafter, Aesch.; ὡς πόρςιςτα as late as possible, Pind.; ἤδη πόρρω τῆς ἡμέρας οὔςης far spent, Aeschin.
6. c. gen.:
7. of Place, forwards to, further into, πρ. τοῦ ποταμοῦ Xen.:—metaph., πρ. ἀρετῆς ἀνήκειν to have reached a high point of virtue, Hdt.; πόρρω τῆς μοχθηρίας far in wickedness, Xen., etc.:— also with the Art., προβήςομαι ἐς τὸ πρ. τοῦ λόγου Hdt.; ἐς τὸ πρ. μεγάθεος τιμᾶςθαι to be honoured to a high point of greatness, i. e. very greatly, id=Hdt.
8. of Distance, far from, οὐ πρ. τοῦ Ἑλληςπόντου id=Hdt.: metaph., πρ. δικαίων Aesch.; πόρρω εἶναι τοῦ οἴεςθαι Plat.; also foll. by ἀπό, πρ. ἀπὸ τῶν φορτίων Hdt.; ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους Xen.
9. of Time, πρόςω τῆς νυκτός far into the night, Hdt., Plat.; μέχρι π. τῆς ἡμέρας Xen.
1. from afar, Il., Trag., etc.
1. the face, visage, countenance, mostly in pl., even of a single person, Hom., Soph., etc.; βλέπειν τινὰ εἰς πρ. Eur.; ἐς πρ. τινὸς ἀφικέςθαι to come before him, id=Eur.:— κατὰ πρ. in front, facing, Thuc., etc.; ἡ κατὰ πρ. ἔντευξις a tete-a-tete, Plut.; also, πρὸς τὸ πρ. Xen.; λαμβάνειν πρ. τινος, ͂ προςωποληπτεῖν τινα, NTest.:—metaph., ἀρχομένου πρ. ἔργου Pind.
2. one's look, countenance, Lat. vultus Aesch., etc.; οὐ τὸ ςὸν δείςας πρ., cf. Hor. vultus instantis tyranni, Soph.
3. = proswpei=on, a mask, Dem., Arist.
4. outward appearance, beauty, Pind.
5. a person, NTest., etc.; πρόςωπον in bodily presence, id=NTest.
1. as Lat. prior, primus, from prae.
2. comp. πρότερος, η, ον
3. of Place, before, in front, forward, Il.; πόδες πρ. the fore feet, Od.
4. of Time, before, former, sooner, Hom., etc.; οἱ πρότεροι men of former times, Il.; πρότερος γενεῇ id=Il.; but, πρ. παῖδες children by the first or a former marriage, Od.; τῇ προτέρῃ (sc. ἡμέρᾳ) on the day before, Lat. pridie, id=Od.; ὁ πρότερος Διονύςιος Dionysius the elder, Xen.:—the adj. is often used where we use the adv., ὅ με πρότερος κάκ̆ ἔοργεν Il., etc.
5. as a regular comp., c. gen., id=Il., Hdt., etc.; also foll. by ἤ, τῷ προτέρῳ ἔτεϊ ἢ κρητῆρα [ἐληίςαντο] Hdt.
6. of Rank, Worth, and generally of Precedence, before, above, superior, Dem.; πρ. τινος πρός τι superior to him in a thing, Plat.
7. after Hom., neut. πρότερον as adv. before, sooner, earlier, Hdt., etc.; ὀλίγον πρ. Plat.:—c. gen., ὀλίγῳ τι πρ. τούτων Hdt., etc.; most commonly foll. by ἤ, id=Hdt., attic; also by πρίν, πρὶν ἄν, πρὶν ἤ, Hdt., attic; also used with the Art., τὸ πρ. τῶν ἀνδρῶν τούτων Hdt.: adv. often between Art. and Subst., e. g. ὁ πρότερον βαςιλεύς id=Hdt.
8. Sup. πρῶτος, η, ον, contr. from *πρόατος, doric πρᾶτος,
9. adj. first, serving as the ordinal to the cardinal εἷς, Hom.
10. of Place, first, foremost, ἐνὶ πρώτοιςι or μετὰ πρώτοιςι alone, Il.; ἐν πρώτῳ ῥυμῷ at the front or end of the pole, id=Il.; πρώτῃςι θύρῃςι at the first or outermost doors, id=Il.
11. of Time, πρὸς πρώτην ἕω at first dawn, Soph.
12. of Order, πρῶτοι πάντων ἀνθρώπων Hdt.; τῇ πρώτῃ τῶν ἡμερῶν id=Hdt.:— ἐν πρώτοις, among the first, then like Lat. imprimis, above all, especially, greatly, id=Hdt.; in attic, ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι (v. to/ A. IV. 7):—in late Greek it is even foll. by a gen., πρῶτός μου NTest.
13. of Rank, μετὰ πρώτοιςιν among the first men of the state, Od., etc.
14. neut. pl. πρῶτα, ων, τά,
15. (sc. ἆθλα), the first prize, Il., Soph.
16. the first part, beginning, τῆς Ἰλιάδος τὰ πρ. Plat., etc.
17. the first, highest, in degree, τὰ πρ. τᾶς λιμῶ (doric) the extremities of famine, Ar.; ἐς τὰ πρῶτα τιμᾶςθαι Thuc.:—of persons, ἐὼν τῶν Ἐρετριέων τὰ πρῶτα Hdt.; τὰ πρῶτα τῆς ἐκεῖ μοχθηρίας the chief of the rascality down there, Ar.
18. as adv.,
19. τὴν πρώτην (sc. ὥραν, ὁδόν) first, at present, just now, Hdt., etc.; so, τὴν πρώτην εἶναι, like ἑκὼν εἶναι, at first, id=Hdt.
20. with Preps., ἀπὸ πρώτης (sc. ἀρχῆς), Thuc.
21. most commonly in neut. sg. and pl., πρῶτον, πρῶτα,
22. first, in the first place, Lat. primum, Hom., etc.
23. = pro/teron, before, Xen., Anth.
24. first, for the first time, Soph., etc.; ἐπεὶ πρῶτον, Lat. quum primum, as soon as, Hom.; so, ὁππότε κε πρῶτον Od.; ὅτε or ὅταν πρ. Dem.; ἐὰν or ἢν πρ. Plat.
25. adv. prw/tws, Arist., etc.
1. two ropes from the masthead to the forepart of a ship, the forestays, which kept the mast from falling back (opp. to ἐπίτονοι the backstays), Hom.:—in sg., ςωτῆρα ναὸς πρότονον Aesch.
2. in Eur., the πρότονοι are sail-ropes, braces.
1. that which is alleged as the cause, an allegation, plea, καὶ ἐπὶ μεγάλῃ καὶ ἐπὶ βραχείᾳ ὁμοίως προφάςει to great or small plea alike, Thuc.; πρ. ἀληθεςτάτη id=Thuc.
2. mostly in bad sense, a mere pretext, a pretence, excuse, Hdt., etc.; opp. to the true cause (αἰτία), Thuc.: c. gen. the pretext or pretence for a thing, Hdt., etc.:—absol. in acc., πρόφαςιν in pretence, Il., attic; πρόφαςιν μέν, opp. to τὸ δ̆ ἀληθές, Thuc.; so in dat., προφάςει id=Thuc.: — ἀπὸ προφάςιος τοιῆςδε from or on some such pretext as this, Hdt., etc.:— προφάςιος εἵνεκεν id=Hdt.:— ἐπὶ προφάςει by way of excuse, Theogn., Thuc.; so, ἐπὶ προφάςιος Hdt.; κατὰ πρόφαςιν id=Hdt.:—foll. by an inf., αὕτη ἦν ςοι πρ. ἐκβαλεῖν ἐμέ for casting me out, Soph.; πρόφαςιν ἔχει τοῖς δειλαίοις μὴ ἰέναι gives them an excuse for not going, Plat.
3. phrases, πρόφαςιν διδόναι, ἐνδιδόναι to give occasion, make an excuse, Dem.; πρ. ἐνδοῦναί τινι Thuc.; πρ. προτείνειν, προί̈ςχεςθαι to put forward an excuse, Hdt.; παρέχειν Ar.; προφάςιας ἕλκειν to keep making pretences, Hdt., etc.; elliptically, μή μοι πρόφαςιν (sc. πάρεχε) no excuse, no shuffling, Ar.
4. Pind. personifies Πρόφαςις, as daughter of Epimetheus (Afterthought).
5. in Soph. it must mean suggestion.
1. kindly, gracious, Hom.
1. with forward mind, hence zealous, willing, ready, glad to do a thing, Hom., etc.
2. of acts, efforts, earnest, zealous, id=Hom.
3. epic adv. profrone/ws, readily, earnestly, zealously, Il.; later προφρόνως Theogn., attic
1. with the knees forward, i. e. kneeling, on one's knees, Il.; metaph., ὥς κεν ἀπόλωνται πρόχνυ that they may perish on their knees, i. e. may be brought low and perish, id=Il.; so, πρόχνυ ὀλέςθαι Od.
1. a vessel for pouring out, a ewer for pouring water on the hands of guests, Hom., Soph.;— a wine-jug from which the cupbearer pours into the cups, Od.
1. (sub. ναῦς) the hindmost part of a ship, the stern, poop, Lat. puppis, Hom., etc.; he sometimes has it in full, νηὶ πάρα πρύμνῃ, ἐπὶ πρύμνῃ νηί, νηὶ ἐνὶ πρ., and in pl., νηυςὶν ἔπι πρύμνῃςι; though he also has πρύμνη νηός Od.:— ἐπὶ πρύμνην ἀνακρούεςθαι to back a ship (v. a)nakrou/w II); so, χωρεῖν πρύμναν to retire, draw back, Eur.; ἐπείγει κατὰ πρύμναν, of a fair wind, Soph.; κατὰ πρ. ἵςταται τὸ πνεῦμα Thuc.—Ships were fastened or drawn up on land by the stern, Il.: hence, πρύμνας λῦςαι Eur.; cf. πρυμνήςιος.
2. metaph. of the vessel of the State, Aesch.
3. generally the bottom, πρ. Ὄςςας the foot of mount Ossa, Eur.
1. from the stern, Il., Aesch., Eur.
1. lately, just now, Lat. nuper, Il., etc.
2. the day before yesterday, οὐ χθές, ἀλλὰ πρ. Thuc.; πρώην τε καὶ χθές till yesterday or the day before, i. e. till very lately, Hdt.; so, χθές τε καὶ πρώην Ar.; πρώην καὶ χθές Dem.
1. early,
2. early in the day, at early morn, Il.; also, περὶ δείλην πρωίην (cf. δείλη) Hdt.:— πρωία used alone as Subst., ἦν δὲ πρωία, πρωίας γενομένης NTest.
3. early in the year, πρώιος [ὁ ςτρατὸς] ςυνελέγετο Hdt.; πρῷα τῶν καρπίμων early fruits, Ar.
1. a foreland, headland, Lat. promontorium, Il.; the pl. is πρώονες from the lengthd. form πρώων, id=Il.:—in Aesch. Pers. 132, ἀμφοτέρας πρῶνα κοινὸν αἴας the foreland common to both continents is perh. the Chersonese; and id=Aesch. 879, πρὼν ἅλιος the peninsula of Asia Minor.
1. the very first, first of the first, Hom.; πολὺ πρώτιςτος id=Hom.: neut. πρώτιςτον as adv. first of all, Od., Ar., etc.: —so πρώτιςτα, Hom., attic; —τὸ πρώτιςτον Eur.; τὰ πρώτιςτα Od.
1. a doing, transaction, business, πλεῖν κατὰ πρῆξιν on a trading voyage, Od.; πρῆξις δ̆ ἥδ̆ ἰδίη, οὐ δήμιος a private, not a public affair, id=Od.
2. the result or issue of a business, οὐ γάρ τις πρ. πέλεται γόοιο no good comes of weeping, Il.; so, ὄυ τις πρ. ἐγίγνετο μυρομένοιςιν Od.; πρ. οὐρίαν θέλων Aesch.; χρηςμῶν πρ. their issue, id=Aesch.
3. an acting, transacting, doing, κακότητος Theogn.; πρ. πολεμική, ποιητική, πολιτική Plat.:— action, opp. to πάθος, id=Plat.; ἐν ταῖς πράξεςι in actual life, id=Plat.
4. action, exercise, χειρῶν, ςκελῶν id=Plat.
5. an action, act, Soph., etc.
6. like τὸ εὖ or κακῶς πράςςειν, a doing well or ill, faring so and so, one's fortune, state, condition, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
7. practical ability, dexterity, Polyb.:— also, practice, trickery, id=Polyb.
8. the exaction of money, recovery of outstanding debts or arrears, πρ. ςυμβολαίων Plat., Dem.:—hence, the exaction of vengeance, retribution, Eur.
9. in pl. public or political life, Dem.
1. the wing of a bird, Il.; in pl. wings, Hom., etc.
2. a winged creature, a bird, Anth.
3. anything like a wing, the flap or skirt of a coat of armour, Xen.; also of the doric χιτών, Ar.
4. the broad edge of a knife or spear, Plut.
5. anything that covers or protects like wings, πτ. πέπλων Eur.; Εὐβοίης πτέρυξ, i. e. Aulis, id=Eur.
6. metaph., πτέρυγες γόων the wings, i. e. the flight or flow, of grief, Soph.; πτ. Πιερίδων Pind.
1. to frighten, scare, alarm, Lat. terrere, Il., Theogn.
2. intr. to crouch or cower down for fear (cf. πτώςςω), properly of animals, Soph.; of men, Pind., attic; πτ. βωμὸν ὕπο Eur.; also c. acc. loci, πτ. βωμόν to flee cowering to the altar, id=Eur.
3. to crouch like a wild beast ready to spring, id=Eur.;—so of men in ambush, ὑπὸ τεύχεςι πεπτηῶτες Od.
4. c. acc. rei, to crouch for fear of, ἀπειλάς Aesch.
1. the elm, Lat. ulmus, Il.
1. feathered, winged, ὀϊςτοί, ἰοί Il.; πέδιλα Hes., etc.
2. feather-like, light, λαιςήια Il.
3. metaph., ἔπεα πτερόεντα winged words, Hom., Hes.; so, πτ. ὕμνος Pind.; also, φυγὴ πτερόεςςα Eur.
1. mostly in pl. feathers, Od., Hdt., etc.; in sg. a feather, Ar.
2. = pte/ruc, a bird's wing, in pl. wings, Hom., Aesch.; Παλλάδος ὑπὸ πτεροῖς ὄντας, metaph. from chickens under the hen's wings, Aesch.: —τῷ πτερὰ γίγνετο he got as it were wings, i. e. spirit, courage, Il.
3. the wings of a bat (v. pti/lon II), Hdt.
4. any winged creature, as the Sphinx, Eur.; a beetle, Ar.
5. like οἰωνός, Lat. avis, an augury, omen, Pind., Soph.
6. anything like wings: as
7. a ship's wings, i. e. oars (cf. πτερόω), ἐρετμά, τά τε πτερὰ νηυςὶ πέλονται Od.; νηὸς πτερά Hes., Eur.:— hence birds are said πτεροῖς ἐρέςςειν, Eur.
8. ἀέθλων πτερά, i. e. the wings of victory, which lift the Poet to heaven, Pind.
9. a feathered arrow, Eur.
10. τοῦ πώγωνος τὰ πτερά the points of the beard, Luc.
11. in Architecture, of the rows of columns along the sides of Greek temples, v. a)/pteros.
1. name of several cities, esp. of one in Phoenicia, now Acre, Strab.
1. sacking or wasting cities, Il., Pind.
1. folded, πτ. πίναξ folding tablets, Il.
1. anything folded, πέπλοιο πτύγμα a folded mantle, Il.
1. a fold, leaf, plate, mostly in pl., πτύχες ςάκεος plates of metal or leather used to form a shield, Il.: the folds of a garment, Hhymn., Eur.; of the entrails, Eur.:—of writing tablets (cf. πτυκτός), Trag.
2. in pl. of the sides of a hill (which viewed from a distance appears to be in folds), a cleft, glen, corrie, combe, Hom., etc.; also in sg., Il., Soph.:—so also of the sky with its cloud-clefts, Eur.:—metaph., ὕμνων πτυχαί varied turns of poesy, Pind.
1. a winnowing-shovel or fan, Lat. vannus, with which corn after threshing was thrown up against the wind to clear it of the chaff, Il. (in poet. gen. πτυόφιν), Theocr.
1. to fold, χιτῶνα, εἵματα πτύξαι to fold up garments, and put them by, Od.; χεῖρας πτύξαι ἐπί τινι to fold one's arms over or round another, Soph.; βιβλίον πτ. to fold up or close a book, NTest.:—Pass. to be folded, doubled up, Il.; Mid. to fold round oneself, wrap round one, Ar.
1. to spit out or up, Il.: absol. to spit, Hdt., Xen.
2. of the sea, to disgorge, Anth.:—absol., ἐπ̆ ἀϊόνι πτύοντα, of waves, Theocr.; πτύςας with a splash, Anth.
3. metaph., πτύςας in token of abhorrence or loathing, Soph.; πτύςας προςώπωι with loathing in his face, id=Soph.
4. εἰς κόλπον πτύειν, Lat. in sinum spuere, done three times to avert a bad omen, Theocr.
1. the cowering animal, i. e. the hare, Il., Theocr.; also, πτῶκα λαγῷον (the two Substs. being joined, as in ἴρηξ κίρκος, ςῦς κάπρος), Il.
1. to crouch or cower from fear, properly of animals (cf. πτάξ, πτώξ, πτωκάς), Od.; πτώςςουςι καθ̆ ὕδωρ flee cowering into the water, id=Od.; of men, id=Od.; πτ. ὑφ̆ Ἕκτορι fly cowering before Hector, id=Od.; so, εἰς ἐρημίαν πτ. Eur.
2. to go cowering or cringing about, like a beggar, Od., Hes.
3. c. acc. pers., οὐδ̆ ἔτι ἀλλήλους πτώςςοιμεν let us no longer flee from one another, Il.; ποῖ καί με φυγᾷ πτώςςουςι; whither have they fled for fear of me? Eur.
1. a fist, Lat. pugnus, πυγμῇ νικήςαντα having conquered with the fist, in boxing, Il.; later, πυγμὴν νικᾶν Eur.; πυγμᾶς ἄεθλα Pind.
2. πυγμῇ νίψαςθαι in NTest., is interpr. = pu/ka, diligently; or = pukna/, often, with; cf. πυκνός B. II. and III.
3. a measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles, = 18 δάκτυλοι, about 13 1/2 inches.
1. boxing, Lat. pugilatus, Il., Pind.
1. the hollow bottom or stand of a cup, Lat. fundus, Il., Hes., etc.
2. of the sea, the bottom, depth, Hes., Solon., etc.
3. the bottom or foundation of a thing, in pl., χθόνα ἐκ πυθμένων κραδαίνειν Aesch.; ἐκ π. ἔκλινε κλῇθρα Soph.; δίκας π. the anvil-stand on which is forged the sword of retribution, id=Soph.
4. the bottom, stock, root of a tree, Od., Solon.:—metaph. the stem or stock of a family, Aesch.; ςμικροῦ γένοιτ̆ ἂν ςπέρματος π. μέγας, i. e. great things might come from small, id=Aesch.
1. to make close, cover or wrap up, enwrap, Il.; π. νῆα λίθοιςι to surround a ship with stones, so as to protect it when laid up, Hes.:— to cover thickly, of a youth's chin, Od.; πυκ. ςτεφάνοις to cover thick with crowns, Eur., Theocr.; so in Mid., ςτεφάνοις κεφαλὰς πυκαςώμεθα Anth.; also without ςτεφάνοις, to crown, deck with garlands, Eur.:—Pass., ςτέμμαςι πυκαςθείς Hdt.; δάφνῃ πυκαςθείς Eur.; perf. part. πεπυκαςμένος, thickly covered, ὄρος πεπυκαςμένον a hill well-clothed with wood, Hes.:—Mid., πυκάζου cover thyself, Eur.
2. metaph., Ἕκτορα ἄχος πύκαςε φρένας threw a shadow over his heart, Il.:—Pass., νόον πεπυκαςμένος, close, cautious of mind, Hes.
3. to close, shut, shut up, ἐντὸς πυκάζειν ςφέας αὐτούς to shut themselves close up within, Od.; πύκαζε (sc. τὸ δῶμα) shut it close, Soph.
1. gate-fastener, he that keeps the gates of hell, Hom.
1. keeping the gate, a gate-keeper, Il. (Altered, to suit the epic metre, from pulaoro/s, cf. τιμάορος, τιμωρός, and v. ou)=ros custos.)
1. to learn by hearsay or by inquiry, Hdt.:
2. πυνθ. τί τινος to learn something from a person, Hom., etc.; τι ἀπό τινος Aesch.; ἔκ τινος Soph.; παρά τινος Hdt.
3. c. acc. rei only, to hear or learn a thing, Od., attic
4. c. gen. to hear of, hear tell of, hear news of, Od., etc.
5. π. τινά τινος to inquire about one person of or from another, Ar.; so, π. περί τινος Hdt., attic
6. c. part., πυθόμην ὁρμαίνοντα ὁδόν I heard that he was starting, Od.; π. τὸ Πλημμύριον ἑαλωκός to hear that Plemmyrium had been taken, Thuc.:—so, οὔπω πυθέςθην Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος they had not yet heard of his being dead, Il.
7. c. inf. to hear or learn that, Soph., etc.
1. a pair of fire-tongs, Hom.
1. any place where fire is kindled,
2. a funeral-pyre, Lat. bustum, Il., Hdt., etc.
3. a mound raised on the place of the pyre, Soph., Eur.
4. an altar for burnt sacrifice, Hdt., Eur.:—also the fire burning thereon, Hdt.
1. or -καυτος, burnt in fire, Il.
1. like a tower:—of soldiers, in columns, in close array, Il.: v. pu/rgos II.
1. burning heat, fiery heat, Il.
2. feverish heat, a fever, Ar., etc.
1. a fire-proof vessel, Anth.
1. any place where fire is kindled, a funeral pyre, Il.
2. a fire, conflagration, Hdt.: arson, Lex ap. Dem.
3. metaph. the flame of love, Anth.
1. wheat, Hom.; also in pl., Od., etc.
1. up to this time, yet, almost always with a negat. (like Lat. -dum in nondum), with which it forms one word, οὔπω, μήπω.
2. after Hom., with questions which imply a negative, Soph., Thuc.
1. to go up and down, go to and fro, Lat. versari in loco: hence, to go or come frequently, εἰς ἀγορὴν πωλέςκετο Il.; εἰς ἡμέτερον [δῶμα] πωλεύμενοι Od.
1. in any way, at all, by any means, Hom.; ὧδέ πως somehow so, Xen.; ἄλλως πως in some other way, id=Xen.:—after hypothet. Particles, εἴπως, ἐάν or ἤν πως, Lat. si qua, si forte, Od., etc.
1. to fly about, Il., Hapoll.
1. grass, herb, Hom., etc.; ποία Μηδική, Lat. herba Medica, sainfoin or lucerne, Ar.
2. the grass, i. e. a grassy place, plat., Xen.
3. in Poets, of Time, τέςςαρας πόας four grasses, i. e. summers, Anth.
1. swiftfooted or whitefooted:— Πόδαργος, ὁ, swiftfoot or whitefoot, a horse, Il.; fem. Ποδάργη, a Harpy, id=Il.
1. interrog. adv. whence?
2. of place, ἠρώτα, τίς εἴη καὶ π. ἔλθοι Od.; ποῖ δὴ καὶ πόθεν; Plat.;—c. gen., τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; who and from what country art thou? Il.; πόθεν γῆς; Eur.
3. of origin, πόθεν γένος εὔχεται εἶναι; from what source does he boast that his race is? Od.
4. in speaking, π. ἄρξωμαι; Aesch.
5. of the cause, whence? wherefore? id=Aesch.; alone, πόθεν; how can it be? impossible! Eur., Ar.
1. a longing, yearning, fond desire or regret (for something absent or lost), Lat. desiderium, Hom., etc.
2. c. gen. desire or regret for a person or thing, id=Hom.; so, δὸς π. yearning after thee, Od.; τοὐμῷ πόθῳ Soph.
3. love, desire, Hes., etc.
1. wool in its raw state, a fleece, Il., Eur., etc.: a lock or tuft of wool, Soph.
2. proverb. in heterocl. acc. of 3rd decl., εἰς ὄνου πόκας to an ass shearing, i. e. to no-place, Ar.
1. battle, fight, war, Hom., etc.; πόλεμον αἴρεςθαί τινι to levy war against another, Aesch.; π. θέςθαι τινί Eur.; π. ἀναιρεῖςθαι, κινεῖν, ἐγείρειν, καθιςτάναι, ἐπάγειν to begin a war; π. ποιεῖςθαι to make war, — opp. to π. ἀναπαύειν, καταλύεςθαι to put an end to it, make peace, all in attic
1. doric πολίεςι:—acc. πόλεις, πόλιας:— a city, Hom., Hes., etc.; πόλις ἄκρη and ἀκροτάτη, ͂ ἀκρόπολις, the citadel, Il.: this at Athens was often called simply πόλις, while the rest of the city was called ἄςτυ, Thuc., etc.:—the name of the city was often added in gen., Ἰλίου π., Ἄργους π. the city of . . , Aesch., etc.; also in appos., ἡ Μένδη π. Thuc.
2. one's city or country, Od., etc.
3. when πόλις and ἄςτυ are joined, the former is the body of citizens, the latter their dwellings, Il.; ὧν πόλις ἀνάριθμος ὄλλυται, where πόλις = a number of citizens, Soph.:—hence,
4. the state (πολιτεία), Hes., Pind., attic: esp. a free state, republic, Soph., Xen., etc.
5. the right of citizenship, like Lat. civitas, Ar., Dem.
1. work, esp. hard work, toil, Lat. labor, in Hom. mostly of war, μάχης π. the toil of battle, and π. alone = ma/xh, po/non e)/xein, = ma/xesqai, Il.; ὁ Μηδικὸς π. battle with the Medes, Hdt.; οἱ Τρωικοὶ πόνοι id=Hdt.
2. generally, toil, labour, Il., etc.
3. bodily exertion, exercise, Eur., Xen.; ἐνάλιος π., i. e. fishing, Pind.
4. a work, task, business, ἐπεὶ π. ἄλλος ἔπειγεν Od., Soph.
5. implements for labour, stock in trade, Theocr.; πόνος ἐντὶ θάλαςςα the sea is their workshop, Mosch.
6. the consequence of toil, distress, trouble, suffering, pain, Il., etc.
7. anything produced by work, a work, τρητὸς μελιςςᾶν π., of honey, Pind.; τοὺς ἡμετέρους π. the fruits of our labour, Xen.
8. Πόνος a mythol. person, son of Eris, Hes.
1. the sea, esp. the open sea, Hom., etc.
2. of special seas, π. Ἰκάριος, Θρηίκιος Il.; ὁ Αἰγαῖος π. Hdt.; Ἰόνιος, Σαρωνικός, Σικελός, Eur.:—but most commonly π. Εὔξεινος id=Eur.; ὁ Εὔξεινος π. Hdt.; generally called simply ὁ Πόντος or Πόντος, id=Hdt., attic
1. exclam. of surprise, anger or pain, ὦ πόποι oh strange! oh shame! Hom., Trag.
1. a ping or hoop, passed round the joint of the spearhead and shaft, Il.
1. a means of passing a river, a ford, ferry, Lat. vadum, Il., Hdt., etc.; Πλούτωνος π. the Stygian ferry, Aesch.
2. a narrow sea, strait, firth, Lat. fretum, Hes., Aesch.; Ἰόνιος π. the Ionian sea which is the passage-way from Greece to Italy, Pind.:— ἐν πόρῳ in the passage-way (of ships), in the "fair-way" Hdt.
3. periphr., πόροι ἁλός the paths of the sea, i. e. the sea, Od.; ἐνάλιοι π. Aesch., etc.; so, of rivers, πόρος Ἀλφεοῦ, Σκαμάνδρου, i. e. the Alpheus, etc., Pind.
4. a way over a river, a bridge, Hdt.
5. generally a pathway, way, Aesch., Soph.; πόρος οἰωνῶν their pathway, Aesch.
6. a passage through the skin, οἱ πόροι the pores, Plat.
7. c. gen. rei, a way or means of achieving, accomplishing, οὐκ ἐδύνατο π. οὐδένα ἀνευρεῖν Hdt.; π. ὁδοῦ a means of performing the journey, Ar.; π. κακῶν a means of averting evils, Eur.:—c. inf., πόρος τις τίςαςθαι id=Eur.
8. absol. a means of providing, contrivance, device, resource, Aesch., Ar.
9. at Athens, π. χρημάτων a way of getting or raising money, Xen., Dem.: in pl., "ways and means, " resources, revenue, Dem.
10. a going, journey, voyage, Aesch., Eur.
1. a buckle-pin, Eur.;—in pl. a buckle or brooch, Il., Eur.
1. a calf, Il.
1. a calf, young heifer, Il., Soph.:— a young cow, Theocr., Mosch.
1. to furnish, offer, present, give, Hom., Hes.; εὖχος π. to fulfil a wish, Od.; ὅρκον π. to offer to take an oath, Aesch.:—c. inf. to grant that . . , πόρε κούρηιςιν ἕπεςθαι τιμάς (for ὥςτε ἕπεςθαι) Il.; ςοὶ θεοὶ πόροιεν, ὡς ( = οἷα) ἐγὼ θέλω Soph.
2. = poreu/w, to bring, εἴ τις δεῦρο Θηςέα πόροι id=Soph.
3. perf. only in 3rd sg. πέπρωται, plup. πέπρωτο, it has or had been (is or was) fated, foredoomed, c. acc. pers. et inf., ἄμφω πέπρωται γαῖαν ἐρεῦςαι it is fated that both should redden earth, Il.; τί γὰρ πέπρωται Ζηνὶ πλὴν ἀεὶ κρατεῖν; Aesch.; so, πεπρωμένον ἔςτι ͂ πέπρωται, id=Aesch., Xen.
4. part. as adj., πεπρωμένος, η, ον, allotted, fated to one, Il.; of persons, destined to a thing, αἴςηι id=Il.:—absol. destined, Pind.; πεπρ. βίος one's natural life (as in Lat. mors fatalis is a natural death), id=Pind.; so in Trag. and Xen.: ἡ πεπρωμένη (sc. μοῖρα), an appointed lot, fate, destiny, Hdt., Trag.
1. whither? Hom.
1. a drinking, drink, beverage, Hom.; ςυγγίνεςθαι ἐς πόςιν to meet for a carousal, Hdt.; παρὰ τὴν πόςιν, Lat. inter pocula, over their cups, id=Hdt.; πόςιος ἐν βάθει Theocr.
2. a draught, Aesch.
1. interrog. Particle used in direct and indirect questions, corresponding to the relat. ὅτε, ὁπότε and demonstr. τότε, when? at what time? Hom.; πότ̆, εἰ μὴ νῦν Aesch.; also, ἐς πότε λήξει; Soph.
1. whether of the two? Lat. uter? both in direct and indirect questions, ὁπότερος being the relat. form., Il., Hdt., attic
2. neut. πότερον, πότερα, as adv. at the beginning of an interrog. sentence containing two alternative propositions, πότερον . . , ἤ . . , Lat. utrum . . , an . . , whether . . or . . , τίνες κατῆρξαν, πότερον Ἕλληνες ἢ παῖς ἐμός; Aesch.; πότερ̆ ἄκων ἢ ἑκών; Dem.
3. sometimes a third clause (with ἤ) is inaccurately added, πότερα παρὰ δήμου ἢ ὀλιγαρχίης ἢ μουνάρχου; Hdt.
4. the second alternative is sometimes left to be supplied, πότερα δὴ κερτομῶν λέγεις τάδε [ἢ μή . .]; Soph.
5. without interrog., like ἅτερος, either of the two, Lat. alteruter, Plat.
1. that which befals one, one's lot, destiny: commonly of evil destiny, death, of the killer, πότμον ἐφεῖναι, or of the killed, πότμον ἐπιςπεῖν, Hom.;—also in Pind. and Trag.
2. without a sense of evil, π. ςυγγενής one's natural gifts, Pind.; εὐτυχεῖ πότμῳ Aesch.; π. ξυνήθης πατρός my father's customary fortune, Soph.
1. a poet. title of honour, used chiefly in addressing goddesses or ladies:
2. = de/spoina, mistress, queen, c. gen., πότνια θηρῶν (nom.) queen of wild beasts, Lat. potens ferarum, Il.; πότνια βελ́εων Pind.: absol., πότνῐ Ἐρινύς Aesch.; often in voc., ὦ πότνῐ hρα id=Aesch.; ὦ πότνια (sc. Ἀθηναία) Ar.:—in pl. of the Eumenides, Hdt., Soph.; also of Demeter and Proserpine, Soph., etc.
3. as adj. revered, august, Hom.
1. to make rot, to rot, Il., Hes.:—Pass. to become rotten, to decay, Hom.
1. poet. adv., v. pukno/s B. III.
1. one wing of a pair of double gates, Hdt.: mostly in pl. the gates of a town, opp. to θύρα (a house-door), Il., attic
2. in Trag., sometimes, of the house-door.
3. Ἀί̈δαο πύλαι, periphr. for the nether world, hell, Hom., Aesch., etc.
4. generally, an entrance, of the liver, π. καὶ δοχαὶ χολῆς the orifice and receptacle of gall, Eur.
5. an entrance into a country through mountains, a mountain-pass, Hdt.: esp. Πύλαι, ῶν, αἱ, the common name for Θερμοπύλαι, the pass round the mountains from Thessaly to Locris, considered the gates of Greece, id=Hdt.; so, of the pass from Syria into Cilicia, Xen., etc.
6. also of narrow straits, by which one enters a broad sea, ἐπ̆ αὐταῖς λίμνης π., of the Thracian Bosporus, Aesch.; ἐν πύλαις, of the Euripus, Eur.
1. hindmost, last, Il.:— also outermost, id=Il.:— nethermost, φάρος Plat.; π. Ταρτάρου βάθη Luc.
2. of Time, last, Hom.:—neut. πύματον and πύματα as adv., at the last, for the last time, Hom.
3. of Degree, ὅ τι πύματον whatever is the last, worst fate, Soph.
1. made of box-wood, Il., Theocr.
1. a tower, Il., Hdt., etc.:—in pl. the city walls with towers, Il.; so, collectively, in sg., Od., Eur.
2. a movable tower for storming towns, Xen.
3. metaph. a tower of defence, as Ajax is called πύργος Ἀχαιοῖς, Od.; παῖς ἄρςην πατέρ̆ ἔχει πύργον μέγαν Eur.; θανάτων π. a tower of defence from deaths, Soph.
4. the highest part of any building, where the women lived, Il.
5. troops drawn up in close order, a column, id=Il.; cf. πυργηδόν.
1. ever yet, mostly with negat., οὐ πώποτε, μὴ πώποτε, Hom., etc.
1. interrog. Particle:
2. of Manner, in what way? how? Od., etc.; πῆ δή; how tell me? id=Od.; πῆ μάλιςτα; how exactly? Plat.:—also in indirect questions, ἐκαραδόκεον τὸν πόλεμον κῆ ἀποβήςεται Hdt., etc.
3. to what end? wherefore? Lat. quorsum? Hom.
4. of Space, which way? Lat. qua? πῆ ἔβη Ἀνδρομάχη; Il., etc.; πᾶ τις τράποιτ̆ ἄν; Aesch.
5. more rarely like ποῦ; where? Il.; πᾶ πᾶ κεῖται; Soph.:—also in indirect questions, c. gen., ἐπειρώτα, κῆ γῆς . . , Hdt.
1. suffering, misery, calamity, woe, bane, Hom., etc.; πήματα ἐπὶ πήμαςι woe upon woe, Soph.; πῆμ̆ ἐπὶ πήματι κεῖται, the sword forged upon the anvil, Orac. ap. Hdt.
2. of persons, a bane, calamity, Il., Soph.
1. the fore-arm, from the wrist to the elbow, Lat. ulna, Xen., etc.:— generally, the arm, ἀμφὶ υἱὸν ἐχεύατο πήχεε λευκώ Il., etc.
2. the centrepiece, which joined the two horns of the bow, Hom.
3. in pl., the horns or sides of the lyre, opp. to ζυγόν the bridge, Hdt.
4. as a measure of length, the distance from the point of the elbow to the end of the little finger, Lat. cubitus or ulna, a cubit or ell, containing 24 δάκτυλοι or 18 1/4 inches, Hdt.: the π. βαςιλήιος was longer by three δάκτυλοι, = 27 δάκτυλοι or 20 1/2 inches, id=Hdt.
5. a cubit-rule, as we say "a foot-rule, " Ar.
1. fat, Il.:— any fatty substance, cream, Anth.:—metaph., πῖαρ ὕπ̆ οὖδας fatness is beneath the ground, Od.
2. metaph., also, like Lat. uber, the cream of a thing, the choicest, best, Hhymn.; π. χθονός, like οὖθαρ ἀρούρης, Anth.
1. a spring, fountain, Il., Hdt., Eur.
1. wool or hair made into felt, used as a lining for helmets, Il.; for shoes, Hes.
2. anything made of felt, a felt skullcap, like the modern fez, Hes.; πίλους τιήρας φορέοντες wearing turbans for caps, Hdt.; ἀντὶ τῶν πίλων μιτρηφόροι ἔςαν id=Hdt.
3. a felt-cloth, Xen.
4. a felt-cuirass, Thuc.
1. unctuous, Hdt.
1. meadows, Hom.
1. fire, Hom., etc.; πῦρ καίειν or δαίειν to kindle fire, id=Hom.; πῦρ ἀνακαίειν, ἅπτειν, ἐξάπτειν, αἴθειν, ἐναύειν, v. sub vocc.; πῦρ ἐμβάλλειν νηυςί Il.
2. the funeral-fire (cf. πυρά), id=Il.
3. the fire of the hearth, πυρὶ δέχεςθαί τινα Eur.; π. ἄςβεςτον or ἀθάνατον the fire of Vesta in the Prytaneion, Plut.
4. as a symbol of things irresistible or terrible, μάρναντο δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο they were fighting like burning fire, Il.; κρεῖςςον ἀμαιμακέτου πυρός Soph.; διὰ πυρὸς ἰέναι (as we say) to go through fire and water, Xen.; but, διὰ πυρὸς ἦλθε ἑτέρῳ λέκτρῳ she raged furiously against the other partner of the bed, Eur.:—of persons, ὦ πῦρ ςύ Soph.:—rarely as an image of warmth and comfort, Aesch.
1. a foal, young horse, whether colt or filly, Hom.: in Poets generally for ἵππος, Soph., etc.
2. a young animal, a puppy, Anth.
3. in Poets, in fem., a young girl, maiden, like δάμαλις, μόςχος, πόρτις, Lat. juvenca, Eur.:—more rarely masc., a young man, Aesch.
1. interrog. adv. of manner, how? in what way or manner? Lat. qui? quomodo? used in direct questions, as ὅπως in indirect, Hom., etc.:—with a second interrog. in the same clause, πῶς ἐκ τίνος νεὼς . . ἥκετε; how and by what ship came ye? Eur.:—c. gen., πῶς ἀγῶνος ἥκομεν; how are we come off in it? id=Eur.
2. with Verbs of selling, how? at what price? πῶς ὁ ςῖτος ὤνιος; Ar.
3. πῶς δοκεῖς; v. doke/w 1. 2.
4. with other Particles, πῶς ἂν. . ; epic πῶς κε or κεν . . ; how possibly . . ? Hom., Eur.: —in Trag., πῶς ἄν with opt. expresses a wish, O how might it be? i. e. would that it were . . ! Lat. O si . . ! O utinam . . ! πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; πῶς ἂν ὀλοίμην, etc.
5. πῶς ἄρα . . ; in reply, how then . . ? Hom.
6. πῶς γὰρ . . ; also in reply, as if something had gone before, [that cannot be], for how can . . ? id=Hom., Soph.
7. πῶς δή; how in the world? Il., etc.:—also, πῶς γὰρ δή; Od.; πῶς δῆτα . . ; Aesch., etc.
8. καὶ πῶς . . ; to introduce an objection, yet how can it be? attic
9. πῶς οὐ . . ; how not so . . ; ? i. e. surely it is so . . , Thuc., etc.
10. πῶς οὖν. . ; like πῶς ἄρα . . ; Aesch., etc.
11. πῶς ποτε . . ; how ever . . ? Soph.
1. a flock, of sheep, opp. to ἀγέλη (a herd of oxen), Hom., Hes.
1. a war-trumpet, trump, Il., Trag., etc.:—metaph., Πιερικὰ ς., of Pindar, Anth.
2. a trumpet-call, ap. Arist.
1. flesh, Lat. caro, Hom., etc.: in pl. the flesh or muscles of the body, ἔγκατά τε ςάρκας τε καὶ ὀςτέα Hom.; so in Hes., Aesch., etc.:—so sometimes in sg., the flesh, the body, γέροντα τὸν νοῦν, ςάρκα δ̆ ἡβῶςαν φέρει Aesch.
2. the flesh, as opp. to the spirit, NTest.; also for man's nature generally, id=NTest.; πᾶςα ςάρξ all human kind, id=NTest.
1. clearly, plainly, assuredly, of a surety, with Verbs of knowing, ςάφα οἶδα, ςάφα εἰδώς, Hom.; also in Trag., ςάφ̆ οἶδα, ςάφ̆ ἴςθι, etc.; ςάφ̆ ἴςθι, ὅτι . . Ar.; also withVerbs of speaking, ςάφα εἰπεῖν Hom., Pind.
1. reverential awe, a feeling of awe, Hom., etc.:—generally, reverence, worship, Trag.; c. gen. objecti, Διὸς ςέβας reverence for Jove, Aesch.
2. the object of awe, holiness, majesty, Eur.: periphr. for persons, ς. κηρύκων, i. e. Hermes, Aesch.
3. an object of wonder, a wonder, Hhymn., Soph.: an honour conferred on one, as the arms of Achilles on Ulysses, Soph.
1. Dep.
2. to feel awe or fear before God, to feel religious awe, feel shame, Il., Ar.; ςεφθεῖςα awe-stricken, Plat.: c. inf. to dread or fear to do a thing, Aesch., Plat.
3. c. acc. pers. to honour with pious awe, to worship, Lat. veneror, Pind., Hdt., etc.:—then, to do homage to, pay honour or respect to, Trag.
1. a bright flame, blaze, light, ς. πυρός Il.; alone, id=Il.:— lightning, a flash of lightning, id=Il., Hdt., etc.:— a torch, Hhymn.:— the flash of an angry eye, Aesch.: metaph., ἔρωτος ς. Theocr.
1. parsley, Lat. apium, Hom., etc.:—with its leaves victors at the Isthmian and Nemean games were crowned, Pind.:—from its being planted in garden borders came the prov., οὐδ̆ ἐν ςελίνῳ οὐδ̆ ἐν πηγάνῳ "tis scarcely begun yet, " Ar.
1. to-day, Hom., Pind.:—the common attic form was τήμερον, Ar., etc.; εἰς τήμερον Plat.; ἡ τ. ἡμέρα Dem.
1. to make rotten or putrid, make to fester, of a serpent's poison, Aesch.
2. metaph. to corrupt, waste, Plat.
3. Pass., the perf. ςέςηπα being used in pres. sense for ςήπομαι: aor2 ἐςάπην [short α^]:— to be or become rotten, to rot, moulder, of dead bodies, Il.; of timber, Hdt., Il.
4. of live flesh, to mortify, Hdt., Plat.
1. a fat hog, with or without ςῦς, Hom.
1. iron, Lat. ferrum, Hom., etc.: iron was the last of the metals brought into common use by the Greeks: hence it is πολύκμητος, wrought with much toil, Hom.: and was of high value, pieces of it being given as prizes, Il. It mostly came from the north and east of the Euxine, Σκύθης ς. Aesch.
2. like Lat. ferrum, anything made of iron, an iron tool or weapon, a sword or knife, an axe-head, etc., Hom., etc.
3. a place for selling iron, a smithy, a cutler's shop, Xen.
1. to do one harm or mischief, to plunder, Od.; to destroy, id=Od.; to pillage or waste a country, to waste or destroy the crops, Hdt.
2. generally, to hurt, harm, damage, Hes., Hdt.: in war, to injure, harass, Hdt., Xen.
1. destructive, ravenous, of wild beasts, Il.
1. wielding a shield, Il.
1. to sound the trumpet, give signal by trumpet, Xen.: c. acc. cogn., ςα. ῥυθμούς id=Xen.; cf. ἀνακλητικός: metaph., ἀμφὶ δὲ ςάλπιγξεν οὐρανός heaven trumpeted around, of thunder as if a signal for battle, Il.:—impers., ἐπεὶ ἐςάλπιγξε (sc. ὁ ςαλπιγκτής) when the trumpet sounded, Xen.
1. a board, plank, Anth., etc.
2. anything made of planks:
3. a door, in pl. folding doors, Lat. fores, Hom.:—rare in sg., Eur.
4. a wooden platform, scaffold or stage, Od.: a ship's deck, Eur.
5. in pl. wooden tablets for writing on, id=Eur.:—at Athens, tablets on which were written public notices, Ar., etc.
6. a plank to which offenders were bound or nailed, Hdt.; so perh. in Od. 22. 174.
1. a spike at the butt-end of a spear, by which it was stuck into the ground, Il., Hdt.
1. to quench, put out, Lat. extinguere, Hdt., Pind.
2. generally, to quench, quell, check, ςβ. χόλον, μένος Il.; ὕβριν Simon.; κύματα Ar., etc.
3. Pass. ςβέννυμαι (with intr. tenses of Act., v. supr.), to be quenched, go out, Lat. extingui, of fire, Il.: metaph. of men, to become extinct, die, Anth.
4. generally, to be quelled or lulled, of wind, Od.
1. to shake, move to and fro, Hom.; ςε. ἔγχος, μελίην to shake the poised spear, Il.; κάρα ςει., in sign of discontent, Soph.:—also, ςείειν τῆι οὐρᾶι Xen.
2. of earthquakes, which were attributed to Poseidon, Hdt.; absol., ςείςας by an earthquake, Ar.: impers., ςείει there is an earthquake, Thuc., Xen.
3. metaph. to shake, agitate, disturb, Pind., Soph.
4. in attic, to accuse falsely or spitefully, so as to extort hush-money, Ar.; cf. Lat. concutio.
5. Pass. to shake, heave, quake, of the earth, Il., Hdt.:—metaph. to be shaken to its foundation, τὸ τερπνὸν πίτνει ςεςειςμένον Pind.; οἷς ἂν ςειςθῆι θεόθεν δόμος Soph.
6. generally, to move to and fro, Il.: Pass., ὀδόντες ἐςείοντο his teeth were loosened, Hdt.; ςειςθῆναι ςάλωι Eur.
7. Mid. to shake something of one's own, Theocr., Anth.
8. like Pass. to shake oneself, to shake, Il.
1. to be afraid of, τι Il.
1. a cord, rope, string, band, Hom.; ς. χρυςείη a cord or chain of gold, Il.
2. a cord with a noose, like the lasso, used by the Sagartians and Sarmatians to entangle and drag away their enemies, Hdt.
1. the moon, Lat. luna, Hom.; ς. πλήθουςα the full- moon, Il.; νουμηνία κατὰ ςελήνην, i. e. by the lunar month, Thuc.; πρὸς τὴν ςελήνην by moonlight, Xen.; so, εἰς τὴν ς. Aeschin.:— τὴν ς. καθαιρεῖν, Hor.'s lunam deducere, of witches, Ar.; δεκάτῃ ςελήνῃ in the tenth moon (i. e. month), Eur.
2. as fem. prop. n., Selene, the goddess of the moon, Hes., etc.
1. to put in quick motion: to drive, hunt, chase away, Hom.; so in Mid., Il.
2. to set on, let loose at, κύνας ςε. ἐπὶ ςυί̈ id=Il.:—c. inf. to urge on, Od.
3. of things, to throw, hurl, Il.
4. Pass. and Mid. to run, rush, dart or shoot along, Hom., Trag.:—c. inf. to hasten, speed to do a thing, Il.
5. metaph. to be eager, have longings, Od.; v. e)ssu/menos.
1. to shut up in a pen: Pass., ςήκαςθεν (for ἐςηκάςθηςαν) κατὰ Ἴλιον were cooped up in Ilium, Il.; ἐν αὐλίῳ ςηκαςθέντες Xen.
1. a pen, fold, for lambs, kids, calves, Hom., Hes.; ς. δράκοντος the dragon's den, Eur.
2. a sacred enclosure, chapel, shrine, Soph., Eur.
3. a sepulchre, burial-place, Simon.
4. the trunk of an old olive-tree, Lys.
1. one who gives a signal, a leader, commander, Hom.; of a horse, a driver; of a herd, a herdsman, Il.: a subordinate officer, Hdt.
2. an informer, guide, indicator, Anth.
1. to shew by a sign, indicate, make known, point out, Hom., etc.
2. absol. to give signs, make signals, Il., Trag.
3. to give a sign or signal to do a thing, Il.; c. inf., Hdt., etc.; μὴ ςημήναντός ςου without any order from you, Plat.:—c. gen. to bear command over, τινός or ἐπί τιςι Hom.: absol. to give orders, id=Hom.; ςημαίνων ͂ ςημάντωρ, Soph.
4. in war, to give the signal of attack, Thuc.; ςη. τῆι ςάλπιγγι Xen.; ςη. ἀναχώρηςιν to make signal for retreat, Thuc.:—impers., ςημαίνει (sc. ὁ ςαλπιγκτής) signal is given, τοῖς Ἕλληςι ὡς ἐςήμηνε when signal was given for the Greeks to attack, Hdt.; ἐςήμαινε πάντα παραρτέεςθαι signal was given to make all ready, id=Hdt.
5. to signify, indicate, announce, declare, Eur., Hdt., attic
6. generally, to signify, interpret, explain, Hdt., Aesch.; absol., ςήμαινε tell, Soph.
7. = sfragi/zw, to stamp with a sign or mark, to seal, Lat. obsignare, mostly in Mid., Xen.:—Pass., εὖ ςεςημάνθαι to be well sealed up, Ar.; τὰ ςεςημαςμέναι, opp. to τὰ ἀςήμαντα, Dem.
8. Mid. ςημαίνομαι, like τεκμαίρομαι, to give oneself a token, i. e. conclude from signs, conjecture, Soph.
9. to mark for oneself, ςημαίνεςθαι βύβλωι (sc. βοῦν), i. e. by sealing a strip of byblus round his horn, Hdt.
1. strength, might, Il., Pind.:—c. inf., ςθ. πολεμίζειν strength to war, Il.; ςθ. ὥςτε καθελεῖν Eur.; ςθένει by force, Soph.; λόγῳ τε καὶ ςθένει both by right and might, id=Soph.; so, ὑπὸ ςθένους Eur.; παντὶ ςθένει with all one's might, Thuc.
2. strength, might, of all kinds moral as well as physical, ςθένος τῆς ἀληθείας Soph.; ἀγγέλων ςθ. their might or authority, Aesch.
3. a force of men, like δύναμις, Il., Soph.
4. metaph., like Lat. vis for copia, a quantity, profusion, Pind.
5. periphr., like βίη, ἴς, μένος, as ςθένος Ἰδομενῆος, Ὠρίωνος, for Idomeneus, Orion, themselves, Il., Hes.
1. strong, mighty, Il., Eur.:—comp. ςθεναρώτερος Soph.
1. to be silent or still, to keep silence, Hdt., attic; ςίγα, hush! be still! Hom.:—Pass., τί ςεςίγηται δόμος; why is the house hushed? Eur.
2. trans. to hold silent, to keep secret, Hdt., Aesch., etc.:—Pass. to be kept silent or secret, Lat. taceri, Hdt., Eur., etc.; ἐςιγήθη ςιωπή silence was kept, Eur.
1. silence, ςιγὴν ἔχειν to keep silence, Hdt.; ςιγὴν ποιεῖςθαι to make silence, id=Hdt.; ςιγὴν φυλάςςειν Eur.:—in pl., ςιγαὶ ἀνέμων id=Eur.
2. ςιγῇ, as adv. in silence, Hom.; also like ςῖγα, as an exclam., ςιγῇ νυν (sc. ἔςτε) be silent now! Od.;also, in an under tone, in a whisper, Hdt.; ςιγῇ βουλεύεςθαι Xen.
3. secretly, ςιγῇ ἔχειν τι to keep it secret, like ςιωπᾶν, Hdt.; ςιγᾷ καλύψαι, ςτέγειν, κεύθειν Pind., Soph.
4. c. gen., ςιγῇ τινος unknown to him, Hdt., Eur.
1. glossy, glittering, shining, splendid, Hom.
1. made of iron or steel, iron, Lat. ferreus, Hom., etc.; χεὶρ ςιδηρᾶ a grappling-iron, Thuc.:— ςιδήρειος ὀρυμαγδός, i. e. the clang of arms, Il.; ςιδήρεος οὐρανός the iron sky, the firmament, which the ancients held to be of metal, Od.
2. metaph., ςιδήρεος ἐν φρεςὶ θυμός a soul of iron, i. e. hard as iron, Hom.; οἱ κραδίη ςιδηρέη Od.; ςοί γε ςιδήρεα πάντα τέτυκται thou art iron all! id=Od.:—of Hercules, the ironside, Simon.; ὦ ςιδήρεοι O ye ironhearted! Aeschin.
3. ςιδάρεοι, οἱ, a Byzantine iron coin, always in doric form, Ar.
1. to maim, cripple, bring to misery, Il.
1. to be silent or still, keep silence, Hdt., attic; φηςὶν ςιωπῶν, i. e. his silence gives consent, Eur.
2. trans. to hold silent, keep secret, not to speak of, Xen., etc.:—Pass. to be kept silent or secret, ςιγῶς̆ ὧν ςιωπᾶςθαι χρεών keeping secret things which ought to be kept secret, Eur.
1. silence, Soph., Eur., etc.; ςιωπὴν ποιεῖν Xen.; ἦν ς. there was a hush or calm, Soph.
2. the habit of silence, Dem.
3. dat. ςιωπῇ as adv., in silence, Hom., attic
1. to limp, halt, Il.: metaph., ςκ. πρὸς τὴν θεραπείαν Luc.
2. ὁ ςκάζων, also χωλίαμβος, the iambic verse of Hippon., being a regular senarius, with a spondee or trochee in the last place, Anth.
1. to stir up, hoe, Hdt.
1. the leg from the hip downwards, Hdt., etc.; πρυμνὸν ςκέλος the ham or buttock, Il.:—as a military phrase, ἐπὶ ςκέλος πάλιν χωρεῖν, ἀνάγειν to retreat with the face towards the enemy, Lat. pedetentim, Eur., Ar.
2. metaph., τὰ ςκέλη the legs, i. e. the two long walls between Athens and Peiraeus, Strab.; τὰ μακρὰ ςκ. Plut.
1. to look about, look carefully, followed by prep. εἰς, Od., Eur.:—c. acc. to look after, watch, Il., Hdt., attic:—absol. to look out, reconnoitre, Hdt.; ςκέψαι look, Aesch.; ςκέψαςθε look out, Ar.
2. of the mind, to look to, view, examine, consider, think on, Soph., Thuc., etc.:—ςκέψαςθε δέ: only consider, Thuc.
3. to think of beforehand, premeditate, Dem.
4. perf. also in pass. sense, ἐςκεμμένα things well-considered, Thuc.; ςκοπεῖτε οὖν. Answ. ἔςκεπται Plat.; so 3 fut. pass. ἐςκέψεται id=Plat.
1. to prop, stay one thing against or upon another: Pass. and Mid. to lean upon a staff, Hom.: metaph. to lean upon a person or thing, Dem.
2. c. acc. rei, to put forward by way of support, allege in excuse, Eur.:—in Mid. to allege on one's own behalf, Hdt., Thuc.; c. inf. to pretend to be, Ar., Dem.
3. to hurl, dart, Aesch.; metaph., ςκ. ἀλάςτορα εἴς τινα Eur.
4. intr. to fall heavily, Aesch., Soph.
1. to disperse:— Pass. ςκίδναμαι, only in pres. and imperf. to be scattered, to disperse, of a crowd, Hom.; of foam or spray, of a cloud of dust, Il.; ςκιδναμένης Δημήτερος when the corn is being scattered, i. e. at seedtime, Orac. ap. Hdt.; ἅμα ἡλίῳ ςκιδναμένῳ as the sun begins to spread his light, i. e. soon after sunrise, id=Hdt.
1. to skip, frisk, Hom.
1. Lat. scaevus, left, on the left hand or side, ςκαιῇ (sc. χειρί) with the left hand, Il.; χειρὶ ςκαιῇ Hes.
2. western, westward, for the Greek auspex turned his face northward, and so had the west on his left; hence, Σκαιαὶ πύλαι the west gate of Troy, Il.; ςκαιὸν ῥίον the western headland, Od.
3. unlucky, ill-omened, mischievous (because birds of ill omen appeared on the left or in the west, birds of good omen on the right or in the East), Hdt., Soph.
4. metaph. of persons, like French gauche, lefthanded, awkward, clumsy, Hdt., Eur., etc.
1. to scatter, disperse, Hom.
2. Pass. to be scattered, to disperse, of men, Hdt., Thuc.; of the rays of the sun, Aesch.; of a report, to be spread abroad, Hdt.
1. bearing a staff or sceptre as the badge of command, ςκ. βαςιλεύς a sceptred king, Hom.
2. as Subst. a wand-bearer, an officer in the Persian court, Xen.
1. to overshadow, shade, Il., Eur.
2. generally, to overshadow, cover, Hes., Hdt.:—Pass., Eur.
3. to shade in painting, Luc.
1. shady, giving shade, Hom., Pind., etc.
2. shady, shaded, Hes., Pind.
3. dark-coloured, Anth.
1. to spring, leap, bound, Il., Eur., etc.:—metaph. of gusts of wind, Aesch.
1. shady, shadowy, οὔρεα ςκιόεντα i. e. thickly wooded, Hom.; ςκ. μέγαρα dark chambers, Od.
2. act., νέφεα ςκ. overshadowing clouds, Hom.
3. shadowy, unsubstantial, Anth.
1. curved, winding, twisted, tangled, Lat. obliquus, Hdt., Eur., etc.:— bent sideways, δουλείη κεφαλὴ ςκολιή (Hor. stat capite obstipo) Theogn.: metaph. crooked, i. e. unjust, unrighteous, Il., Hes., etc.; ςκολιὰ πράττειν, εἰπεῖν Plat.:—so adv. skoliw=s, Hes.
1. a lookout-place, a mountain-peak, Hom.: of the Trojan acropolis, Eur.: cf. ςκόπελος.
2. metaph. the height or highest point of anything, Pind.
3. a watchtower, Lat. specula, Hdt., Plat.
4. a look-out, watch, ςκοπιὴν ἔχειν to keep watch, Od., Hdt.
1. to look about one, spy from a high place or watchtower, Il.: to spy, explore, Od.
2. trans. to spy out, search out, discover, c. acc., Il., Anth., etc.:—so in Mid. to look out for, Theocr.
1. one that watches, one that looks after things, Hom.; of gods and kings, a guardian, protector, Ὀλύμπου ςκ. Pind.
2. a lookout-man, watchman, stationed on a ςκοπιά, Lat. speculator, Hom., Xen.: one who marks game, Xen.
3. a spy, scout, Il., Trag.
4. the object on which one fixes the eye, a mark, Lat. scopus, Od.; ἀπὸ ςκοποῦ away from the mark, id=Od.; so, παρὰ ςκοπόν Pind.; ςκοποῦ τυχεῖν to hit the mark, id=Pind.; ἐπὶ ςκοπὸν βάλλειν Xen.
5. metaph. an aim, end, object, Plat.
1. to be angry, τινί with one, Il.
1. a look-out place, a peak, headland or promontory, Lat. scopulus, Hom., etc.
1. dark,
2. of persons, in the dark, darkling, ςκότιον δέ ἑ γείνατο μήτηρ, i. e. not in open wedlock, Il.; so, ςκότιοι παῖδες Eur.; ςκ. εὐναί clandestine Loves, id=Eur., etc.
3. of things and places, dark, id=Eur.
4. metaph., like ςκοτεινός, dark, obscure, Ar.
1. darkness, gloom, Od., attic
2. the darkness of death, Il., Eur.
3. of blindness, ςκότον βλέπειν Soph.; ςκότον δεδορκώς Eur.
4. metaph., ςκότῳ κρύπτειν, like Hor.'s nocte premere, to hide in darkness, Soph.; so, διὰ ςκότους ἐςτί it is dark and uncertain, Xen.; κατὰ ςκότον, ὑπὸ ςκότου Soph., etc.
1. to be angry or wroth with one, τινί Hom.: absol. to be wroth, Il.
1. a cub, whelp, esp. a lion's whelp, Il., Hdt., attic; of other animals, Eur., Plut.; in poets also of men, Ἀχίλλειος ςκ. Eur.
1. a worm, Lat. lumbricus, Il.
2. of the grubs, of insects, Ar., etc.
1. a staff or stick to lean upon, a walking-stick, Hom., Aesch.: metaph. of the daughters of Oedipus, ςκῆπτρα φωτός his staffs or supports, Soph.
2. a staff, as the badge of command, a sceptre: in Hom. borne by chiefs, and transmitted from father to son, whence the passage in Il. 2 is called ἡ τοῦ ςκήπτρου παράδοςις, Thuc.:—also borne by judges, by heralds, by speakers, who on rising to speak received it from the herald, Hom.
3. the sceptre, i. e. royalty, kingly power, rule, Il., Trag.
1. to crash, as thunder, Il.; of the sea, to roar, id=Il.; of cranes, to scream, id=Il.
1. terrible to look on, fearful, aweful, direful, Hom.
2. terrible to hear, in neut. as adv., terribly, id=Hom.; so in pl. ςμερδαλέα, Il.
1. Il., Aesch.:—as adv., ςμερδνόν Il.
1. to burn in a mouldering fire:— Pass. to smoulder away, Il., Mosch.
1. a weal, swollen bruise, caused by a blow, Il.
1. a vessel for holding anything, esp. a cinerary urn, Il.:— a coffin, Hdt., Ar.
2. as nickname of an old man or woman, Ar.
1. skill in handicraft and art, Il., Xen., etc.:— ς. τινός or περί τινος knowledge of, acquaintance with a thing, Plat.
2. sound judgment, intelligence, practical wisdom, such as was attributed to the Seven Wise men, Theogn., Hdt.; in not so good a sense, cunning, shrewdness, craft, like δεινότης, Hdt.
3. wisdom, philosophy, Theogn., attic
1. a rope, cable, Il., etc.; (prob. akin to ςπεῖρα).
2. a rope made from broom (ςπάρτος).
1. of a sword, to draw, Eur.;—mostly in Mid., Hom.:—Pass. to be drawn, Il.; ἐςπαςμένοι τὰ ξίφη having their swords drawn, Xen.
2. πάλον ςπᾶν to draw a lot (out of a helmet), Aesch.
3. absol., ςπᾶτ̆ ἀνδρείως pull, hoist away, like men.
4. of violent actions, to pluck off or out, κόμην Soph.
5. like ςπαράςςω, to tear, rend, of beasts, id=Soph.
6. to wrench, sprain:—Pass., τὸν μηρὸν ςπαςθῆναι Hdt.
7. to snatch, tear or drag away, Eur.
8. metaph. to carry away, draw aside, Soph., Plat.
9. Pass. to be convulsed, Soph.
10. to draw in, suck in, quaff, Aesch., Eur.
11. to draw tight, pull the reins, Xen.
12. of angling: hence, proverb., οὐκ ἔςπαςεν ταύτηι γε "he took nothing by his motion," Ar.
13. to adopt, appropriate, Anth.
1. to pour or make a drink-offering before drinking, Lat. libare, Hom.:—ςπ. οἶνον to pour wine, Hom.; λοιβάς Soph.; ςπονδάς, χοάς Eur.; ellipt., ςπ. ἀγαθοῦ δαίμονος (sc. ςπονδήν) to pour a libation in honour of the good genius, Ar.:—rarely c. dat. rei, ὕδατι ςπ. to make a drink-offering with water, Od.:—in NTest. the Pass. is used metaph. of a person, ςπένδομαι ἐπὶ τῆι θυςίαι I am offered (as a drink-offering) over the sacrifice.
2. without any religious sense, to pour, Hdt., Xen., etc.
3. Mid. to pour libations one with another, and, as this was the custom in making treaties, to make a treaty, make peace, Hdt., Ar., etc.; ςπένδεςθαί τινι to make peace with one, Eur., etc.; so, ςπ. πρός τινα Thuc., etc.:— ςπένδεςθαι τῆι πρεςβείαι to give it pledges of safe conduct, Aeschin.: c. acc., εἰρήνην ςπειςάμενοι Λακεδαιμονίοιςι having concluded a peace with them, Hdt.; ἐςπεῖςθαι νεῖκος to make up a quarrel, Eur.; ςπ. ἀναίρεςιν τοῖς νεκροῖς to make a truce for taking up the dead, Thuc.:—Pass., of a treaty, to be concluded, id=Thuc.
1. a cave, cavern, grotto, Hom.: of the form ςπέος, Hom. uses only nom. and acc. sg., with epic dat. ςπῆι; of the form ςπεῖος, acc. sg., gen. ςπείους, dat. pl. ςπέςςι and ςπήεςςι; gen. pl. ςπείων Hhymn.
1. to set in rapid motion:—Pass. to be in haste to do a thing, c. inf., Il.; ςπ. ἐρετμοῖς to hasten with oars, to ply them rapidly, Od.: part. ςπερχόμενος as adv., in haste, hastily, hurriedly, Hom., Eur.
2. metaph. to be hasty and angry, Il., Hdt.; μὴ ςπέρχου be not hasty, Eur.
3. intr. = Pass., ὅτε ςπέρχωςιν ἄελλαι when storms are driven rapidly, Hom.
1. trans. to set a-going, to urge on, hasten, quicken, Hom., etc.:—also, to seek eagerly, strive after, Theogn.; promote zealously, to press or urge on, Soph., etc.; so in Mid., Aesch.:—Pass., to be urged on, Hdt.
2. c. acc. et inf., ςπεύςατε Τεῦκρον μολεῖν urge him to come, Soph.
3. intr. to press on, hasten, to exert oneself, strive eagerly or anxiously, Il., attic; ὡς ςὺ ςπεύδεις as you urge, contend, Plat.: part. ςπεύδων as adv. in haste, eagerly, Il., Aesch.
4. c. inf. to be eager to do a thing, Hes., Hdt., etc.; so in Mid., ςπευδόμεναι ἀφελεῖν Aesch.
5. c. acc. rei et inf. to be anxious that . . , Hdt., Xen.
1. wide, broad, διὰ ςπιδέος πεδίοιο Il.
1. a spark, Lat. scintilla, Il., Ar.
1. mostly in pl. ςπλάγχνα, the inward parts, esp. the viscera thoracis, i. e. heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, which in sacrifices were reserved to be eaten by the sacrificers, Hom., etc.:—hence the sacrificial feast, Lat. visceratio, Ar.:—also as used in divination, Aesch., etc.
2. any part of the inwards, the womb, Pind., Soph.: so in sg., Aesch.
3. metaph., like our heart, the seat of the feelings and affections, id=Aesch., Eur., etc.:—so in sg., Soph., Eur.; ἀνδρὸς ςπλάγχνον ἐκμαθεῖν to learn a man's inward nature, Eur.
1. a drink-offering, i. e. the wine poured out to the gods before drinking, Lat. libatio, Hes., Hdt.; ςπονδὰς θεοῖς λείβειν, ςπένδειν Aesch., Eur.
2. in pl., ςπονδαί was a solemn treaty or truce, (because solemn drink-offerings were made on concluding them); ςπονδαὶ ἄκρητοι the truce made by pouring unmixed wine, Il.; αἱ Λακεδαιμονίων ςπ. the truce with them. Thuc.; ςπονδὰς παραδιδόναι Ar.; δέχεςθαι Thuc.; τυχεῖν Xen.; ςπ. ποιεῖςθαί τινι to make a truce with one, Hdt.; πρός τινα Ar.; ςπ. τέμνειν (like ὅρκια τέμνειν) Eur.; ςπ. ἄγειν πρός τινας Thuc.
3. αἱ Ὀλυμπικαὶ ςπ. the solemn truce or armistice during the Olympic games, id=Thuc.
4. the treaty itself, εἴρηται ἐν ταῖς ςπ. id=Thuc.
1. haste, speed, Hdt., etc.; ὅκως ςπουδῆς ἔχει τις according as one makes speed, id=Hdt.
2. zeal, pains, exertion, trouble, Od., attic: —ςπουδὴν ποιεῖςθαι, c. inf., to take pains to do a thing, Hdt.; c. gen., ςπουδήν τινος ποιήςαςθαι to make much ado about a thing, id=Hdt.; so, ςπ. ἔχειν τινός or εἴς τι Eur.; ςπουδῇ ὅπλων with great attention to the arms, Thuc.:—in pl. zealous exertions, Hdt., Eur.; also party feelings, rivalries, Hdt., Ar.
3. zeal, earnestness, seriousness, Eur., etc.
4. an object of attention, a serious engagement, Eur.
5. ςπουδῇ, as adv. in haste, hastily, Od., Hdt., attic
6. with great exertion, with difficulty, hardly, scarcely, Hom.
7. earnestly, seriously, urgently, Eur., etc.; πολλῇ ςπ. very busily, Hdt., etc.; so with Preps., ἀπὸ ςπουδῆς in earnest, seriously, Il.; μετὰ ςπουδῆς Xen.
1. a sponge, Hom., etc.
1. standing firm, ςταδίη ὑςμίνη close fight, Lat. pugna stataria, Il.; ἐν ςταδίῃ (sc. ὑςμίνῃ) id=Il.
2. firm, strong, Pind.
1. of persons,
2. c. acc. rei, to drop, let fall or shed drop by drop, Il., Aesch., etc.
3. c. dat. rei, αἵματι ςτ. to drip with blood, Aesch.; ςτάζων ἱδρῶτι Soph.;—rarely c. gen., id=Aesch.
4. intr. of things, to drop, fall in drops, drip, trickle, Hdt., Soph., Eur.; metaph., ςτάζει ἐν ὕπνωι πόνος Aesch.
1. a carpenter's line, Hom., Theogn.; —properly a line rubbed with chalk, distinguished from the rule (κανών) Xen., etc.:—proverb., παρὰ ςτάθμην by the rule, Lat. ad amussim, Theogn.; but in Aesch., παρὰ ςτ. beside the line, beyond measure; κατὰ ςτ. νοεῖν to guess aright, Theocr.
2. the plummet or the plumbline, Anth.
3. the line which bounds the racecourse, the goal, Lat. meta, Pind., Eur.
4. metaph. a law, rule, Ὑλλίδος ςτάθμας ἐν νόμοις, i. e. according to laws of Dorian rule, Pind.
1. an ear of corn, Lat. spica, Il., Hes., etc.:—metaph., ςτ. ἄτης Aesch.; of the Theban Σπαρτοί, Eur.
2. generally, a scion, child, progeny, Anth.
1. to set in order, to arrange, array, equip, make ready, Hom., Hdt., attic:—also, ςτέλλειν τινὰ ἐςθῆτι to furnish with a garment, Hdt.; so c. dupl. acc., ςτολὴν ςτ. τινά Eur.:—Mid., ςτείλαςθαι πέπλους to put on robes, id=Hdt.; metaph., ἐπὶ θήρας πόθον ἐςτέλλου didst set thy heart upon the chase, id=Hdt.:—Pass. to fit oneself out, get ready, Il., Hdt.; ςτολὴν ἐςταλμένος equipt in a dress, Hdt.; ἐςτ. ἐπὶ πόλεμον Xen.; metaph., ἐπὶ τυραννίδ̆ ἐςτάλης Ar.
2. to despatch on an expedition, and, generally, to despatch, send, Aesch., Soph.:—Pass. to get ready for an expedition, to start, set out, Hdt.; and in aor2 pass. to have set out, to be on one's way, id=Hdt.; c. acc. cogn., ὁδὸν ςτέλλεςθαι Soph.; ςτέλλου begone! Aesch.
3. in attic the Act. has sometimes the intr. sense of the Pass., like Lat. trajicere, to prepare to go, start, set forth, where ςτόλον may be supplied, ἔςτελλε ἐς ἀποικίην Hdt., etc.:—reversely, ἡ ὁδὸς εἰς Κόρινθον ςτέλλει leads to Corinth, Luc.
4. Mid. in sense of μεταπέμπομαι, to send for one, Soph.: also to fetch, bring a person to a place, id=Soph.
5. to bring together, gather up, ἱςτία ςτεῖλαν took in, furled the sails, Od.: and in Mid., ἱςτία μὲν ςτείλαντο they furled their sails, Il.; χιτῶνας ἐςτάλατο they girded up their clothes to work, Hes.
6. in Mid. also to check, repress, λόγον ςτέλλεςθαι to draw in one's words, i. e. not speak out the whole truth, Eur.
7. also in Mid. to shrink from a thing, avoid it, NTest.
1. a wreath, garland, wound by suppliants round a staff or olive branch, Il., Soph.; sometimes worn on the head, Hdt.
1. to moan, sigh, groan, Hom., Trag.; so in Mid., Aesch., Eur.
2. c. gen. to moan or sigh for, Eur.; ὑπέρ τινος Aesch.; τινί or ἐπί τινι Eur.; c. acc. cogn., πένθος οἰκεῖον ςτ. Soph.:—Mid., Aesch.
3. c. acc. to bewail, lament, id=Aesch., etc.; ςτένειν τινὰ τῆς τύχης to pity him for his ill fortune, id=Aesch.: so in Mid., ςτένεςθαί τινα Eur.
1. the breast, chest, both in sg. and pl., Hom., Trag.
2. the breast as the seat of the affections, the heart, Trag.
1. properly, that which surrounds, ςτ. πολέμοιο the circling crowd of fight, Il.; of the wall round a town, Pind.; καλλίπαις ςτ. a circle of fair children, Eur.
2. a crown, wreath, garland, chaplet, Hes., etc.: esp. at the public games, a crown of victory, Pind., Hdt., etc.:— these prize-crowns were mostly of leaves, of κότινος at the Olympic games, δάφνη at the Pythian, ςέλινον at the Nemean, κιςςός or πίτυς at the Isthmian.
3. generally, the meed of victory, the prize, victory, like Lat. palma, Soph.; ςτέφανον προτιθέναι to propose a prize, Thuc.
4. generally, a crown of glory, an honour, glory, Inscr. ap. Hdt.:— a crown as a badge of office or distinction, Dem.
1. to put round, Lat. circumdare, ἀμφὶ κεφαλῆι νέφος ἔςτεφε δῖα θεάων Il.; θεὸς μορφὴν ἔπεςι ςτέφει Od.:—Mid. to put round one's head, Anth.
2. to surround, crown, wreath, τινὰ ἄνθεςι Hes.; μυρςίνης κλάδοις Eur.:—Mid., ςτέφου κάρα crown thy head, id=Eur.:—Pass. to be crowned, Aesch.
3. to crown with libations, Soph.
1. a block of stone used as a prop or buttress to a wall, Il.: a block of rockcrystal, in which the Egyptian mummies were cased, Hdt.
2. a block or slab, bearing an inscription; and so,
3. a gravestone, Hom., attic
4. a block or slab, inscribed with record of victories, dedications, treaties, decrees, etc., Hdt., attic; γράφειν τινὰ εἰς ςτήλην, ἀναγράφειν ἐν ςτήλῃ, whether for honour, or for infamy, Hdt., Dem.:—also the record itself, a contract, agreement, κατὰ τὴν ςτήλην according to agreement, Ar.; ςτῆλαι αἱ πρὸς Θηβαίους Dem.
5. a boundary post, Xen.:— the turning-post at the end of the racecourse, Lat. meta, Soph., Xen.
6. for Στῆλαι hρακλήιαι, v. *(hra/kleios.
1. to glisten, Hom., Eur.; c. acc. cogn., ςτ. ἀςτραπάς to flash lightning, Eur.:—metaph. to shine, be bright, id=Eur.
1. a row, line, rank or file, esp. of soldiers, Il., Aesch., etc.:—metaph., ἐπέων ςτίχες verses, lays, Pind.
1. a measuring by stades, Strab.
1. a standing place for animals, Lat. stabulum, a stable, fold, Il.: a stye, Od.: of men, a dwelling, abode, Hes., Soph.
2. quarters, lodgings for travellers or soldiers, Lat. statio, Xen.
3. in Persia, ςταθμοί were stations on the royal road, where the king rested, Hdt.: hence a day's journey, day's march, averaging about 5 parasangs or 15 miles, id=Hdt., Xen.
4. like Lat. statio, a station for ships, Eur.
5. an upright post, the bearing pillar of the roof, Od.: a door-post, esp. in pl., Hom., attic
6. the balance, Ar., Il.; ἱςτᾶν ςταθμῷ τι πρός τι to weigh one thing against another, Hdt.
7. weight, ςταθμὸν ἔχειν τάλαντον to weigh a talent, id=Hdt.; absol. in acc., ἴςα ςταθμόν equal in weight, id=Hdt.; ἡμιπλίνθια ςταθμὸν διτάλαντα two talents in or by weight, id=Hdt.:—in pl. weights, Eur., etc.
1. placed, standing, ςτατὸς ἵππος a stalled horse, Il., Soph.: —ςτατὸς χιτών a tunic reaching to the feet, Plut.
1. an upright pale or stake, Hom., etc.: of piles driven in to serve as a foundation, Hdt., Thuc.
2. the Cross, NTest.: its form was represented by the Greek letter Τ, Luc.
1. a bunch of grapes, Hom., Theocr.
2. parox. ςταφυλή, the plummet of a level, ἵπποι ςταφυλῇ ἐπὶ νῶτον ἔϊςαι horses matched in height by the level, matched to a nicety, Il.
1. to tread on, tread under foot, Hom.
2. c. acc. cogn. to tread or walk on a path, Eur.; also, χοροὺς ςτείβειν to tread measures, id=Eur.
3. absol. to tread, id=Eur.
4. to stamp down, in Pass., Theocr.; αἱ ςτειβόμεναι ὁδοί the beaten roads, Xen.
1. to straiten: Pass. to become strait, to be narrowed, Od.; of persons, to be straitened for room, Il.
2. to be or become full, be thronged, c. gen., ςτείνοντο δὲ ςηκοὶ ἀρνῶν the folds were crowded with lambs, Od.; c. dat., ποταμὸς ςτεινόμενος νεκύεςςι Il.:—metaph., ἀρνειὸς λάχνῳ ςτεινόμενος burdened with its wool, Od.
1. to walk, march, go or come, Od., Hdt., Trag.:—c. acc. loci, to go to, approach, Trag.
2. to go after one another, go in line or order (whence ςτίχος, ςτίχες, ςτοῖχος), Il., Hdt.
3. c. acc. cogn., ςτ. ὁδόν Aesch., Soph.
1. to sigh, groan, wail, Hom.: so in Mid., Il., Aesch., Soph.:—metaph. of the roar of torrents, Il.; the loud breathing of horses galloping, id=Il.; ςτοᾶς ςτεναχούςης groaning from being overcrowded, Ar.
2. trans. to bewail, lament, Il., Aesch.; so in Mid., Od.
1. only in pres. and imperf. to sigh, groan, wail, Hom.:—so in Mid., Il.
2. trans. to bewail, lament, Od.
1. narrow-looking, narrow, strait, confined, Il.
2. as Subst., ςτενωπός (sc. ὁδός), a narrow passage or way, strait, Od., etc.
1. stiff, stark, firm, solid, Hom., etc.; αἰχμὴ ςτερεὴ πᾶςα χρυςέη all of solid gold, Hdt.:—adv. -ew=s, firmly, fast, Hom.
2. metaph. stiff, stubborn, harsh, id=Hom., etc.: so in adv., id=Hom.
3. ςτ. ἀριθμός a cubic number, Arist.
1. a flash of lightning, Il., Hes., etc.:—generally flash, gleam, sheen, Hom.
1. either (from a)gei/rw, cf. νεφεληγερέτα) he who gathers the lightning, or (from e)gei/rw) who rouses the lightning, Il.
1. anything that encircles the head, for defence or ornament:
2. the brim of the helmet, projecting behind as well as before, Il.
3. part of a woman's head-dress, a diadem, coronal, id=Il., Hes., etc.:—metaph., of a city, ἀπὸ ςτεφάναν κέκαρςαι πύργων thou hast been shorn of thy coronal of towers, Eur.
4. the brim or edge of anything, the brow of a hill, edge of a cliff, Il.; of a basket, Mosch.
1. used by Hom. in Pass., to be put round, Lat. circumdari, ἢν περὶ μὲν φόβος ἐςτεφάνωται round about which (the shield) is Terror wreathed, Il.; ἀμφὶ δέ μιν νέφος ἐςτεφάνωτο all round about him was a cloud, id=Il.; περὶ νῆςον πόντος ἐςτεφάνωται the sea lies round about the island, Od.
2. to be surrounded, Lat. cingi, ἐςτεφανωμένος τιήρην μυρςίνηι having his tiara wreathed with myrtle, Hdt.
3. Act. to crown, wreathe, χαίτην Pind.; ςτ. τινά Eur., etc.: c. dupl. acc., εὐαγγέλια ςτεφανοῦν τινά to crown one for good tidings, Ar.:—Pass. to be crowned or rewarded with a crown, Hdt., Pind.:—Mid. to crown oneself, ςτεφανοῦςθε κιςςῶι Eur., Ar.
4. in Mid. to win a crown, of the victor at the games, Pind.
5. to crown as an honour or reward, Eur., Lys.:—to crown or honour with libations, Eur.
6. Pass. to wear a crown as a badge of office, Xen., Dem.
1. a narrow, strait, confined space, Hom.; ςτεῖνος ὁδοῦ Il.
2. generally, pressure, straits, distress, Hhymn.; ςωφρονεῖν ὑπὸ ςτένει to learn wisdom by suffering, Aesch.
1. Dep., to make as if one would, to promise or threaten that one will, Il.; also with aor. inf., ςτεῦται ἀκοῦςαι Od.; so, ςτεῦται ἀμφιβαλεῖν Aesch.: —absol., ςτεῦτο he made eager efforts, Od.
1. to make fast, prop, fix, set, Il.; λίθον κατὰ χθονὸς ἐςτ. he set the stone fast in the ground, Hes.:—Mid. to fix for oneself, Anth.
2. metaph. to confirm, establish, NTest.
3. intr. = Pass., ςτηρίξαι ποςὶν ἔμπεδον Od.; κῦμα οὐρανῶι ςτηρίζον a wave rising up to heaven, Eur.; and metaph., κλέος οὐρανῶι ςτηρίζον id=Eur.
4. of diseases, to fix, settle, determine to a particular part, ὁπότε εἰς τὴν καρδίαν ςτηρίξαι (sc. ἡ νόςος) Thuc.
5. Pass. and Mid. to be firmly set or fixed, to stand fast or steady, ςτηρίξαςθαι to get a firm footing, Il.; δώματα πρὸς οὐρανὸν ἐςτήρικται the house is lifted up to heaven, Hes.; so, ὀρθὴ δ̆ ἐς ὀρθὴν αἰθέρ̆ ἐςτηρίξατο Eur.
6. metaph., ὅπου ςτηρίζει ποτέ wheresoever thou art tarrying, art settled, Soph.
1. compact, strong, stout, sturdy, Hom., Hes.
1. glittering, glistening, Il.
1. Dep. to march in rows or ranks, esp. of soldiers, Il.; of ships in line, id=Il.; of shepherds with their herds, id=Il.: later, we have epic 3rd pl. ςτιχόωςι in same sense, Mosch.
1. to groan, sigh, Il.
2. trans. to sigh, groan over or for, τινά Soph., Mosch.
1. a groaning, wailing, Hom., Eur.; in pl. groans, sighs, Il., Soph.
1. causing groans or sighs, Hom., Aesch., etc.
2. generally, mournful, sad, wretched, Hom., Soph.; neut. as adv., Aesch.
1. to spread the clothes over a bed, λέχος ςτορέςαι, Lat. lectum sternere, to make up a bed, Il.; κλίνην ἔςτρωςαν Hdt.; absol. to make a bed, χαμάδις ςτορέςας Od.
2. generally to spread, strew, ἀνθρακιὴν ςτ. Il.; ςτιβάδας NTest.
3. to spread smooth, level, πόντον ςτ., Lat. sternere aequor, Od.:—metaph. to calm, soothe, ςτορέςας ὀργήν Aesch.
4. to level, lay low a tree, Anth.: metaph., λῆμα ςτ., Eur.; φρόνημα Thuc.
5. ὁδὸν ςτ. to pave a road, Lat. viam sternere:—Pass., ἐςτρωμένη ὁδός Hdt.
6. to strew or spread with a thing, μυρςίνηιςι τὴν ὁδόν id=Hdt.:—Pass., of a room, to be ready furnished, NTest.; cf. ςτρῶμα.
1. to turn about or aside, turn, Hom., etc.; ςτρ. ἵππους to turn or guide horses, Il.; ςτρ. ςάκος to sway the shield, Soph.
2. ἄνω καὶ κάτω ςτρ. to turn upside down, Aesch., Plat.; so, κάτω ςτρ. Soph.; so, ςτρέφειν alone, to overturn, upset, Eur.
3. to twist a rope, Xen.
4. metaph. of pain, to twist, torture, Ar., Plat.
5. to twist, plait, ἐςτραμμένα Xen.: to spin, Luc.
6. metaph. to turn a thing over in one's mind, τί ςτρέφω τάδε; Eur., Dem.
7. to turn from the right course, divert, embezzle, Lys.
8. Pass. and Mid. to turn oneself, to turn round or about, turn to and fro, Il.; ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα ςτρέφεςθαι, of one tossing in bed, id=Il.
9. to turn to or from an object, to turn back, return, id=Il., Soph.; ςτραφέντες ἔφευγον Xen.
10. of the heavenly bodies, to revolve, Od.; of the distaff, Plat.
11. to twist about, like a wrestler trying to elude his adversary; so, in argument, to twist and turn, shuffle, τί ταῦτα ςτρέφει; why d'ye shuffle so? Ar.; τί δῆτα ἔχων ςτρέφει; why then do you keep shuffling, Plat.; πάςας ςτροφὰς ςτρέφεςθαι to twist every way, id=Plat.
12. to turn and change, Soph.; τοῦ δὲ ςοῦ ψόφου οὐκ ἂν ςτραφείην I would not turn for any noise of thine, id=Soph.
13. to twist oneself up with a thing, stick close to it, Od.:—then, like Lat. versari, to be always engaged, Plat.
14. generally, to be at large, go about Soph.
15. ἐςτραμμένος, η, ον, of places, ἐςτρ. ἐπὶ τόπον turned towards, Polyb.
16. in strict Mid. sense, to turn about with oneself, take back, Soph.
17. intr. in Act., like Pass. to turn about, Il.; of soldiers, to wheel about, Xen.
1. an encamped army, generally, an army, host, ἀνὰ ςτρατόν or κατὰ ςτρ. throughout the army, Hom.; epic gen. ςτρατόφι Il.; of a naval force, Aesch., etc.
2. the soldiery, people, exclusive of the chiefs, Hom.: so, the commons, people, Pind., Aesch.
3. any band or body of men, Pind.
1. to lead to war; only found in aor1 pass. part. ςτρατωθέν (sc. ςτόμιον) the curb formed by the army, Aesch.: v. strata/w.
1. flexible, pliant: ςτρεπτὸς χιτών a shirt of chain-armour, Lat. lorica annulata, Il.; ςτρεπταὶ λύγοι pliant withs, Eur.: twined, wreathed, Anth.
2. ςτρεπτός, οῦ, a collar of twisted or linked metal, Lat. torques, Hdt., Xen., etc.
3. of pastry, a twist or roll, Dem.
4. metaph. to be bent or turned, ςτρεπτοὶ καὶ θεοὶ αὐτοί the gods themselves may be turned (by prayer), Il.; ςτρ. γλῶςςα a glib, pliant tongue, id=Il.
5. bent, curved, of a pick-axe, Eur.; of a bow, Theocr.
1. to spin or whirl something round: Pass., ὄςςε οἱ ςτρεφεδίνηθεν (for -νήθηςαν) his eyes span round, of one stunned by a blow on the nape of the neck, Il.
1. Pass. to be squeezed out in drops: metaph. to be drained of one's strength, exhausted, Hom.
1. the sparrow, Il., etc.
2. ὁ μέγας ςτρ. the large bird, i. e. the ostrich, Struthio, Xen.: also called ςτρουθὸς κατάγαιος (i. e. the bird that runs on the ground, does not fly), Hdt.; also simply ςτρουθός, like ςτρουθοκάμηλος, Ar.
1. a whirl, eddy, Hom.:—metaph., ςτρ. μάχης Anth.
1. Frequent. of ςτρέφω, as τρωπάω of τρέπω, to turn constantly, ςτρ. ἠλάκατα to keep turning the spindle, i. e. spin, Od.:—Pass. to keep turning, so as to face the enemy, Il.: to roam about, wander, id=Il.; ςτρ. ἀνὰ τὴν πόλιν Hdt.; hence, like Lat. versari in loco, to move freely in a place, live there, Il.; ἐν λέχει ςτρωφώμενος, i. e. claiming a husband's rights, Aesch.
1. a body rounded or spun round: hence,
2. a top, Lat. turbo, Il.
3. a whirlwind, Aesch.
4. a snail, Theocr.
1. to hate, abominate, abhor, stronger than μιςέω, Hom., Trag.:—c. inf. to hate or fear to do a thing, Il., Soph.:—Pass. to be abhorred, detested, Aesch.; τί δ̆ ἐςτι πρός γ̆ ἐμοῦ ςτυγούμενον; what is the horrid thing that I have done? Soph.
2. in aor1, to make hateful, Od.
1. poet. adj. hated, abominated, loathed, or hateful, abominable, loathsome, Hom., Trag.:—c. dat. bearing hatred or malice towards one, ςτυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔπλετο θυμῷ Il.
2. hateful, wretched, miserable, Soph., Ar.
3. adv. -rw=s, to one's sorrow, miserably, Hom., Soph.
1. to strike hard, smite, Il.; of the wind, to drive away clouds, id=Il.; ἐξ ἑδέων ςτυφελίξαι to thrust him from his seat, id=Il.
2. generally, to treat roughly, misuse, maltreat, Hom.
1. the mouth, Lat. os, Hom., etc.
2. the mouth as the organ of speech, δέκα μὲν γλῶςςαι, δέκα δὲ ςτόματ̆ Il.; ςτ. τὸ δῖον the mouth of Jove, Aesch.; Μοιςᾶν ςτόμα their mouthpiece, Theocr.;—with Preps., ἀνὰ ςτόμα ἔχειν to have always in one's mouth, Eur.: ἀπὸ ςτόματος by word of mouth, Xen., etc.: διὰ ςτόμα was in every one's mouth, Aesch.; πᾶςι διὰ ςτόματος 'tis the common talk, Theocr.: ἐξ ἑνὸς ςτ. with one voice, Ar.; κατὰ ςτόμα face to face, Hdt., attic
3. ςτ. ποταμοῦ the mouth of a river, Lat. ostia, Hom., etc.; so, ἠιόνος ςτ. μακρόν the wide mouth of the bay, Il.; ςτ. τοῦ Πόντου, Lat. fauces Ponti, Hdt.:—also, a chasm or cleft in the earth with a stream gushing out, id=Hdt.; τὸ ἄνω, τὸ κάτω ςτόμα τοῦ ὀρύγματος the opening or width of the trench at top, at bottom, id=Hdt.
4. any outlet or entrance, Od., Xen.
5. the foremost part, face, front:
6. of weapons, the point, Il.; the edge of a sword, NTest.:—also like Lat. acies, the front, ςτόμα πολέμοιο, ὑςμίνης Il.; so alone, Xen.
7. generally, ἄκρον ςτ. πύργων the top of the towers, Eur.; τὸ ςτόμα τοῦ βίου the verge of life, Xen.
1. properly, a mouth, opening: hence,
2. the throat, gullet, Il.
3. in late Gr. the orifice of the stomach, the stomach.
1. a sighing, groaning, lamentation, Hom.; of the sea, Soph.
1. the breast, Lat. pectus, Hom., Xen.
2. metaph. the breast as the seat of feeling, the heart, Hom. (always in pl.), Aesch.
1. a herd of swine, Hom.
1. to call to council, convoke, convene, Il., Hdt., attic:—so in Mid., Hdt., NTest.
2. to invite with others to a feast, Xen.
1. to dash together, confound utterly, Il.
1. to come together by chance, Il., Hdt.: to meet with an accident, ςυγκύρςαι τύχῃ Soph.; εἰς ἓν μοίρας ξυνέκυρςας art involved in one and the same fate, Eur.
2. c. part., like τυγχάνω, ςυνεκύρηςε παραπεςοῦςα νηῦς fell in the way by chance, Hdt.
3. of events and accidents, like ςυμβαίνω, to happen, occur, id=Hdt., Eur.: —impers., c. inf., ςυνεκύρηςε γενέςθαι it came to pass that . . , Hdt.:—so, in Pass., τὸ ἐς Λακεδαιμονίους ςυγκεκυρημένον id=Hdt.
4. of places, to be contiguous to, τινί Polyb.
1. to pour together, commingle, confound, Il., Dem., etc.:—Pass. to be in confusion, Il.
2. like ςυγχώννυμι, to make ruinous, destroy, obliterate, demolish, Hdt., Eur.
3. of the mind, to confound, trouble, Hom., Hdt., etc.:—Pass., Eur.
4. to confound, make of none effect, frustrate, Il., Hdt., attic
1. to strip off, esp. to strip off the arms of a slain enemy: c. acc. pers. et rei, to strip off from another, strip him of his arms, Il., Eur.:—Pass., c. acc. rei, to be stript, robbed, deprived of a thing, Trag.
2. c. acc. pers. only, to strip a man of his arms, to strip bare, pillage, plunder, Il., Hdt., etc.
3. c. acc. rei only, to strip off, τεύχεα ἐςύλα Il.:—also to take off or out, ἐςύλα τόξον took out the bow [from its case], id=Il.; ςύλα πῶμα φαρέτρης took the lid off the quiver, id=Il.
4. to carry off, seize as spoil or booty, Hdt., attic:—Pass. to be carried off as spoil, Hdt.; to be taken away, Eur.; c. gen. rei, τίς ςε ςυλᾷ πάτρας; who carries thee away from this country? id=Eur.
1. to despoil of arms, Il.: also, to despoil secretly, to trick, cheat, id=Il.
1. to collect, gather, Il., Hdt., attic: —ς. μέλη to compile, scrape together tunes, Ar.; ς. ὕβρεις αὐτοῦ to compile a list of them, Dem.:—Mid. to collect for oneself, for one's own use, Il., etc.
2. ς. ςθένος to collect one's powers, make a rally, Eur.:—Pass. to be collected, of the mind, Plat.
3. Pass. to come together, become customary, Xen.
4. of persons, to call together, Eur.:—so in Mid., Od., etc.: —Pass. to come together, assemble, Hdt., attic
5. to collect, get together, ςταςιώτας Hdt.; ς. ςτρατόν to levy an army, Lat. conscribere, Thuc.
1. to throw together, dash together, Il., Eur., etc.: to unite their streams, of rivers, Il.: —so in Mid., Hdt.
2. to throw together, collect, Xen.
3. intr. to come together, meet, Aesch., Soph., Xen.
4. to close the eyes, in sleep or death, Aesch.; but, ποῖον ὄμμα ςυμβαλῶ; how shall I meet her eyes with mine? Eur.
5. generally, to join, unite, ς. ςχοινία to twist ropes, Ar.; ξ. δεξιάς to join hands, Eur.; ς. λόγους id=Eur.:—Pass., κριθὰς ἵπποις ςυμβεβλημένας barley thrown in heaps before them, Xen.
6. ς. ςυμβόλαιά τινι or πρός τινα to make a contract with a person, to lend him money on bond, Dem.; ςυμβόλαιον εἰς τἀνδράποδα ςυμβεβλημένον money lent on the security of the slaves, id=Dem.; absol., in same sense, Plat.
7. to contribute, lend, Xen.:—so in Mid., Hdt., etc.; τὸ μὴ ἀγανακτεῖν ἄλλα πολλὰ ςυμβάλλεται many circumstances contribute to my feeling no vexation, Plat.; ςυμβάλλεςθαι εἰς or πρός τι to contribute towards, Hdt., attic; c. gen. partit., ξυμβάλλεται πολλὰ τοῦδε δείματος many things contribute [their share] of this fear, i. e. join in causing it, Eur.
8. ςυμβάλλεςθαι γνώμας to add one's opinion to that of others, Hdt.
9. ςυμβάλλειν λόγους to converse, and ςυμβάλλειν, absol., like Lat. conferre for conferre sermonem, ς. πρός τινα NTest.:—so in Mid., ςυμβάλλεςθαι λόγους Xen.; ςυμβάλλεςθαί τι to have something to say, Plat., etc.
10. to bring men together in hostile sense, to set them together, match them, Il., etc.:—Mid. to join in fight.
11. intr. to come together, engage, Il.: to come to blows, τινί with another, Hdt., Aesch.
12. ς. μάχην, Lat. committere pugnam, Eur.; ἔχθραν ς. τινί id=Eur.;— metaph., ςυμβαλεῖν ἔπη κακά to bandy reproaches, Soph.
13. Mid. to fall in with one, meet him by chance, c. dat., Hom., who uses epic aor2 ξύμβλητο and fut. ςυμβλήςομαι solely in this sense.
14. to put together, and in Pass. to correspond, tally, Aesch.
15. to compare, τί τινι Hdt.; ἓν πρὸς ἕν id=Hdt.; τι πρός τι Plat.:—Pass., τὸ Βαβυλώνιον τάλαντον ςυμβαλλόμενον πρὸς τὸ Εὐβοεικόν the Babyl. talent being compared with, reduced to, the Euboic, Hdt.
16. in Mid. to put together, reckon, compute, id=Hdt.
17. to compare one's own opinion with facts, and so to conclude, infer, conjecture, interpret, Pind., Soph., etc.:—so in Mid. to make out, understand, Hdt.
18. in Mid. to agree upon, fix, settle, Xen.
1. to seize or grasp together, Hom.
1. to mix together, commingle, Hhymn.; to mix one thing with another, τί τινι Hdt., attic; c. acc. only, ςυμμίξαντες τὰ ςτρατόπεδα having combined them, Hdt.:—Pass., of a river, to be mingled with another river, c. dat., Il.: to join forces, of two armies, Thuc.:—metaph., οὐδείς [ἐςτι] τῷ κακὸν οὐ ςυνεμίχθη there is none who has not misery as an ingredient in his nature, Hdt.; ςυμμιγέντων τούτων πάντων when all these things happened together, id=Hdt.
2. to unite, θεοὺς γυναιξί Hhymn.:—Pass. to have intercourse with, c. dat., Hdt., Aesch.
3. metaph., ς. τινὰ τύχᾳ to make him acquainted with fortune, Pind.; πρῆγμα ςυμμῖξαί τινι to communicate a matter to another, Hdt.
4. intr. in Act. to have intercourse with, to associate or communicate with others, c. dat., Theogn., Hdt., etc.; ς. πρός τινα to join him, Xen.:—generally, to meet for conversation or traffic, Hdt.; ς. τινί to converse with, id=Hdt., Eur.
5. in hostile sense, to meet in close fight, come to blows, engage, τινί with one, Hdt., etc.
6. generally, to meet, Xen.
1. to be an ally, to be in alliance, Aesch., Thuc.:—generally, to help, aid, succour, τινί Soph., etc.:—Pass. to be assisted, Luc.
1. Dep. to take counsel with or together, Il.
1. to put together, construct, frame, Pind., Eur., etc.:—Mid. to construct for oneself, Luc.
2. to make solid, congeal, condense, Il.
1. to sound by striking together, ς. χερςί to clap with the hands, Il.
1. Act.,
2. to bring together, gather, collect, Hdt., Thuc., etc.
3. to contribute, Aesch., Eur.
4. to bring into conflict, Aesch.
5. to bear along with or together, Xen.:—of sufferings and labours, to bear jointly, help to bear, Soph., Eur.: to bear with, excuse, Aesch.
6. intr. to confer a benefit, be useful or profitable, Hdt., attic
7. impers. it is of use, is profitable, expedient, c. inf., Aesch., etc.
8. part. ςυμφέρων, ουςα, ον, useful, expedient, fitting, Soph., etc.:—in neut. as Subst., ςυμφέρον, οντος, τό, use, profit, advantage, expediency, Lat. utile, id=Soph., Thuc., etc.:—also in pl., τὰ ςυμφέροντα Soph., etc.; also in aor. part., τό τῳ ξυνενεγκόν Thuc.
9. intr., also,
10. to work with, agree with, assist, τινί Soph., Eur., etc.: — to bear with, give way, τινί Soph.
11. to fit, suit, τινί Ar., Xen.
12. of events, to happen, take place, turn out, c. inf., Hdt.
13. Pass. ςυμφέρομαι, fut. ςυνοίςομαι: aor1 -ηνέχθην, ionic -είχθην: perf. -ενήνεγμαι:— to come together, to meet in battle, engage, Lat. congredi, Il., Thuc.: simply, to meet, Plat.
14. to come to terms, be of one mind or to agree with, τινι Hdt.: —absol. to agree together, be of one mind, concur, come to terms, id=Hdt., Soph., etc.
15. c. dat. rei, to adapt oneself to, acquiesce in, Plat.;—also, ςυμφέρεται ὡυτὸς εἶναι is found to be one and the same, Hdt.; οὐ ςυμφέρεται περί τινος does not agree with their story, id=Hdt.
16. of events, to happen, turn out, occur, come to pass, id=Hdt., Ar., etc.
17. impers. it happens, falls out, Hdt.
1. united, banded together, Il.
1. one who joins in considering, a counsellor, Il.
2. in accord with, c. gen., Anth.
1. Mid.:— to join in considering, to take counsel with, c. dat., Od.
2. τίς τοι ςυμφράςςατο βουλάς; who imparted his counsels to thee? id=Od.
3. to contrive, Hes., Soph.
4. Act. to mention at the same time, Strab.
1. to break together, break to pieces, shiver, shatter, Hom.
1. to bring together, gather together, collect, convene, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. in hostile sense, to join battle, begin the battle-strife, Il.:—also like ςυμβάλλω, to match two warriors one against the other, Aesch.:—hence intr., ς. εἰς μέςςον to engage in fight, Theocr.
3. to bring together, join in one, unite, Hhymn. ( i.e., h. Merc.), Aesch.;— ς. γάμους to contract a marriage, Xen.
4. to receive into one's house, NTest.
5. to gather together stores, crops, etc., Xen., etc.
6. to draw together, so as to make the extremities meet, Hdt., Thuc.: also to draw together, narrow, contract, Hdt.
7. to contract the brows, Ar.; ς. τὰ ὦτα to prick the ears, of dogs, Xen.
8. to collect from premises, i. e. to conclude, infer, Lat. colligere, Arist.
1. Dep. to fall in with, meet, absol. or c. dat., Hom., etc.; in hostile sense, to meet in battle, Il.: metaph., φόρμιγγι ς. to approach (i. e. use) the lyre, Pind.
1. to bring or set together, in hostile sense, like Lat. committere, ἔριδι ξυνέηκε μάχεςθαι Il.
2. Mid. to come together, come to an agreement, id=Il.
3. metaph. to perceive, hear, c. acc. rei, Hom., etc.; c. gen. pers., Il.; rarely c. gen. rei, id=Il.
4. to understand, ξ. ἀλλήλων to understand one another's language, Hdt.; mostly c. acc. rei, id=Hdt., attic:—absol., τοῖς ξυνιεῖςι to the intelligent, Theogn.
1. to set together, combine, associate, unite, band together, Hdt., Thuc.; μαντικὴν ἑαυτῷ ςυςτῆςαι to bring prophetic art into union with himself, i. e. to win, acquire it, Hdt.
2. to put together, organise, frame, Thuc., Dem.:— to contrive, ς. θάνατον ἐπί τινι Hdt.; ς. τιμάς to settle prices, Dem.; so in aor1 mid., Isocr.
3. to bring together as friends, introduce or recommend one to another, τινά τινι Plat., etc.: Pass., ςυνεςτάθη Κύρῳ Xen.
4. of a debtor, to offer another as a guarantee, τινά τινι Isocr.
5. Pass., with aor2 act. ςυνεςτάθη Κύρῳ Xen.
6. of part. ςυνεςτηκώς, contr. ςυνεςτώς, ῶςα, ώς or ός, ionic ςυνεςτεώς, εῶςα, εώς: also fut. mid. ςυςτήςομαι: — to stand together, Hdt., Xen.; of soldiers, to form in order of battle, Xen.
7. in hostile sense, πολέμοιο ςυνεςταότος when battle is joined, Il.:—so, of persons, ςυνίςταςθαί τινι to meet him in fight, be engaged with, Hdt., attic:—absol., ςυνεςτηκότων τῶν ςτρατηγῶν when the generals were at issue, Hdt.
8. to be involved in a thing, λιμῷ καὶ καμάτῳ id=Hdt.; ςυνεςτῶτες ἀγῶνι Thuc.
9. to form a league or union, id=Thuc.; τὸ ξυνιςτάμενον the conspirators, Ar.; so, οἱ ξυνεςτῶτες, τὸ ςυνεςτηκός Thuc., Aeschin.
10. generally, to be connected or allied, as by marriage, c. acc. cogn., λέχος hρακλεῖ ξυςτᾶςα Soph.
11. to be put together, organised, framed, Xen.
12. to arise, become, take place, Dem.
13. to hold together, endure, continue, Hdt.: in military sense, ξυνεςτὼς ςτρατός a well-disciplined army, Eur.; ςτράτευμα ςυνεςτηκός a standing army, Dem.
14. to be compact, solid, firm, Xen.
15. to be contracted, ξυνεςτὸς φρενῶν ͂ ςύςταςις B. II. 2, Eur.
1. Dep. to take up, Il.
1. to gather together, assemble, Il., Hdt.:—esp. to collect an army, Hdt.:—Pass. to gather together, come together, assemble, Il.; ςυναγρόμενοι, epic syncop. aor2 pass. part., those assembled, an assembly, id=Il.
2. to collect the means of living, Od.; and in Mid. to collect for oneself, id=Od.
3. metaph., ς. ἑαυτόν to collect oneself, Plat.:—so in Pass., id=Plat.
1. to raise up together, Il.
2. to bind or yoke together, id=Il.; —Mid., ςυναείρεται ἵππους id=Il.
1. to grasp or seize together, to seize at once, Od., Thuc.
2. to bring together, bring into small compass; in speaking, ξυνελὼν λέγω briefly, in a word, Thuc.; ὡς ςυνελόντι εἰπεῖν Xen.; so, ςυνελόντι alone, Dem.
3. to make away with, crush, ὀφρῦς ςύνελεν λίθος Il.:—metaph. to make an end of, τὸν πόλεμον Plut.:—Pass., Thuc.
4. to help to take or conquer, Hdt., Thuc.
1. to meet face to face, of two persons, Od.; of many persons, to meet together, assemble, Philipp. ap. Dem.
2. like ἀντάω, to meet with, meet, τινί Eur., Ar.; so in Mid., Il.:—c. acc. cogn., ςυναντᾶν ςυνάντηςιν Eur.
3. c. dat. rei, to come in contact with, φόνῳ id=Eur.
4. to befal, of accidents, etc., τινί Plut., NTest.
1. to bind or tie together, of two or more things, ςυνέδηςα πόδας Od.; τοὺς πόδας καὶ τὰς χεῖρας Plat.; δέλτον ς. to fasten up the tablets, Eur.:—Pass., ἰςχία μὴ ςυνδεδεμένα flanks not drawn up, of dogs, Xen.
2. of persons, to bind hand and foot, Il., Hdt., etc.
3. to bind up a wound, Il.
4. generally, to bind together, unite, Eur., Plat.
5. Mid., ςύνδηςαι πέπλους gird up thy robes, Eur.
1. to drive together, Il., Xen.; ςὺν δ̆ ἤλας̆ ὀδόντας gnashed his teeth together, Od.
2. to match in combat, set to fight, Hom.:—intr., ἔριδι ξυνελαυνέμεν to meet in quarrel, Il.
1. a joining, joint, Il.
1. holding together:
2. of space, continuous, contiguous, Thuc., Plat.:—c. dat. continuous with or contiguous to, in a line with, Hdt., Eur.
3. of Time, continuous, unintermitting, Xen.; τὸ ξυνεχές ͂ ςυνέχεια, Thuc.
4. of persons, constant, persevering, Xen.
5. adv. su^nexw=s, ionic -έως:
6. of Time, continually, Hes.; Sup. -έςτατα Xen.
7. with Numbers, continuously, Ar., Thuc.
8. in epic ςυνεχές as adv., Il.; ςυνεχὲς αἰεί unceasing ever, Od.
1. used in pl., like ςυνθῆκαι, agreements, covenants, solemn promises, Il.
1. mostly in pl., like ςυνθῆκαι, a covenant, treaty, Il.; epic gen. pl. ςυνθεςιάων id=Il.
1. to rouse or stir up together, Il.:—Pass., ςυνορινόμεναι φάλαγγες the lines with one impulse, id=Il.
1. a being held together, ἐν ξυνοχῇςιν ὁδοῦ at a narrow part of the road, Il.
2. constraint, affliction, anguish, NTest.
1. to put together, Hdt., Xen., etc.; ς. ἄρθρα ςτόματος to close the lips, Eur.
2. in Arithm. to add together, Hdt., Eur., etc.: also ςυντιθεὶς γέλων adding laughter, Soph.
3. to put together, of builders, Thuc., Xen.
4. to construct, frame, build, Hdt.:— ς. τι ἀπό or ἔκ τινος to compose or make one thing of another, id=Hdt.
5. to construct or frame a story, Eur., Ar., etc.:—of an author, to compose, Thuc.
6. to frame, devise, contrive, ὁ ςυνθεὶς τάδε the framer of this plot, Soph.; ς. ψευδεῖς αἰτίας Dem.
7. to put together, take in, comprise, Eur.; ἐν βραχεῖ ξυνθεὶς λόγῳ putting things shortly together, Soph.
8. Mid. ςυντίθεμαι, to put together for oneself, i. e. to observe, take heed to, ςύνθετο βουλήν, ἀοιδήν Hom.; and, simply, to perceive, hear, ὅπα ςύνθετο Od.: absol., ςύνθεο take heed, Hom.
9. to set in order, organise, Xen.
10. to conclude, form, ἄνδρεςςι κακοῖς ςυνθέμενοι φιλίην Theogn.; ςυντίθεςθαι ςυμμαχίην Hdt.; ς. ναῦλον to agree upon the fare, Xen.:—Pass., τοῦ ςυντεθέντος χρόνου at the time agreed upon, Plat.
11. c. inf. to covenant or agree to do, Hdt., Thuc.
12. absol. to make a covenant, Hdt., Xen.
1. to run together so as to meet, to encounter, Il.:—metaph., εἰπὲ τῷ μόρῳ ςυντρέχει say with what death she has met, Soph.
2. to assemble, gather together, Hdt.; of clouds, to gather, id=Hdt.; of liquids, to be mingled with, c. dat., Soph.
3. to come together, concur, agree, Hdt., Xen.
4. to concur, coincide, of time, Eur., Dem.; ς. τινί to concur or coincide with, Soph.
5. to run alongside, Xen.
1. to be held together, ὤμω ἐπὶ ςτῆθος ςυνοχωκότε shoulders contracted upon the chest, Il.
1. a swineherd, Hom.
1. to slay, slaughter, properly by cutting the throat (v. sfagh/ II), Hom.
2. esp. to slaughter victims for sacrifice, Il., Eur.
3. generally to slay, kill, first applied to human victims, Pind., Trag.; ςφ. τινὰ ἐς τὸν κρητῆρα so that the blood run into the bowl, Hdt.
1. Lat. fall-o (the sigma being lost):—to make to fall, throw down, overthrow, properly by tripping up, to trip up in wrestling, Hom., Pind., Eur., etc.; ςφ. ναῦς to throw her on her beam-ends, Plut.; ἵππος ςφ. τὸν ἀναβάτην throws him, Xen.:—Pass. to be tripped up, Ar.; of a drunken man, ςφαλλόμενος reeling, staggering, id=Ar.
2. generally, to cause to fall, overthrow, defeat, Hdt., Soph., Thuc.:—Pass. to be overthrown, to fall, fail, be undone, become helpless, Hdt., attic; τόδ̆ ἐςφάλη this mishap took place, Soph.; οὔ τι μὴ ςφαλῶ γ̆ ἐν ςοί I shall not fail in thy business, id=Soph.
3. to baffle, foil, balk, disappoint, Hdt., Soph.:—Pass. to err, go wrong, be mistaken, Hdt., Soph.
4. the Pass. is also used c. gen. rei, to be balked of or foiled in a thing, ἦ καὶ πατήρ τι ςφάλλεται βουλευμάτων; Aesch.; ςφάλλεςθαι γάμου Eur.; τῆς δόξης Thuc.
1. their own, their, Lat. suus, Hom., etc; strengthd., αὐτῶν ςφετέρῃςιν ἀταςθαλίῃςιν Od.;—in Prose, the gen. ἑαυτῶν is more common, but ςφέτερος occurs in Thuc., etc.; τὸ ςφέτερον their own feelings, their own business, id=Thuc., Plat.; οἱ ςφέτεροι their own people, Thuc.
2. also of 3rd sg., his or her own, his, her, for ἑός, ὅς, Hes., Pind., Aesch.
3. in Poets sometimes of other persons:
4. of 2nd pl., = u(me/teros, your own, your, Lat. vester, Il., Hes.
5. of 2nd sg., = so/s, thine own, tuus, Theocr.
6. of 1st sg., = e)mo/s, mine own, meus, id=Theocr.
7. of the 1st pl., = h(me/teros, our own, noster, Xen.
1. a wasp, Lat. vespa, Il., Hdt., attic
1. like a globe or ball, ἧκε δέ μιν ςφαιρηδὸν ἑλιξάμενος Il.
1. furious, Anth.
2. in Hom. only as adv. vehemently, eagerly.
1. Lat. funda (the ς being lost), a sling, Il.: metaph., ςφενδόνας ἀπ̆ εὐμέτρου with well-measured throw, as from a sling, Aesch.
2. the hoop of a ring in which the stone was set as in a sling, esp. the broader part round the stone, as in Lat. funda for pala annuli, Eur., Plat.
3. the stone or bullet of the sling, Xen.; τοιαύταις ςφ., of hailstones, Ar.
1. masc. and fem. pl. of the Pron. of 3rd person, they, = au)toi/, Hdt., attic
2. in Hom. this Pron. is always personal, and therefore he uses no neut.; but Hdt. has neut. pl. ςφέα.
3. this Pron. is used both for the demonstr. αὐτοί, they, and for the reflex. αὑτῶν, etc., themselves;— in the latter case often strengthd. ςφῶν αὐτῶν, ςφέας αὐτούς, ςφᾶς αὐτούς, Hes.; sometimes for ἀλλήλους, id=Hes.
4. rarely for 2nd pers. pl., μετὰ ςφίςιν for μεθ̆ ὑμῖν, Il.; ςφέας for ὑμᾶς, Hdt.
1. to make like a wasp, i. e. to pinch in at the waist: generally, to bind tightly, Anth.
2. Pass., πλοχμοί, οἳ χρυςῷ τε καὶ ἀργύρῳ ἐςφήκωντο (3rd pl. plup.) braids of hair, which were bound tightly with gold and silver, Il.
1. like ςφόνδυλος, a vertebra, Il.
1. the ankle, Il., attic
2. metaph, the foot of a mountain, Pind., Anth.; also, Λιβύας ἄκρον ςφυρόν the very furthest part of Libya, Theocr.
1. of you two, ςφωίτερον ἔπος the word of you two, Il.; for 2nd pers. sg., thine own, thine, thy, Theocr.
2. of 3rd pers. sg., his or her own, Lat. suus, id=Theocr.
1. their, their own, belonging to them, Il., etc.
2. in sg. his or her, his own or her own, Theogn.
1. of persons, properly, unwearying, ςχέτλιος ἐςςι Il.
2. in bad sense, unflinching, cruel, merciless, Hom.: —so in attic, wicked, Dem., etc.:—of beasts, savage, Hdt.
3. like τλήμων, miserable, wretched, unhappy, Aesch., Eur.; often with a notion of contempt, ὦ ςχετλιώτατε ἀνδρῶν O most wretched fool! Hdt.; ὦ ςχέτλιε Soph.; c. gen., ὦ ςχετλία τῶν πόνων O wretched for thy sufferings, Eur.
4. of things, ςχ. ὕπνος cruel sleep, during which Odysseus was abandoned by his companions, Od.; ςχέτλια ἔργα cruel, shocking doings, id=Od.; ςχέτλια παθεῖν Eur., etc.; ςχ. καὶ δεινά Ar.: also, ςχέτλια [ἐςτί], c. acc. et inf., Soph.
5. adv. -i/ws, Isocr.
1. a piece of wood cleft off, a lath, splinter, Lat. scindula, Od., Ar.: in pl. cleft wood, fire-wood, Hom.
2. an arrow, Anth.
1. of Place, near, close at hand, Lat. cominus, Il.
2. of Time, straightway, at once, Babr.
1. properly, from nigh at hand, nigh at hand, near, Lat. cominus, Hom.; c. gen., Od.
1. of Place, close, near, hard by, nigh, Lat. cominus, Hom., Hes.; ςχεδὸν οὔταςε Il.; c. gen., γαίης ςχ. Od.; c. dat., νῆςοι ςχεδὸν ἀλλήλῃςι Il.
2. with Verbs of motion, ςχ. ἐλθεῖν, ἰέναι Hom.
3. metaph. of relationship, Od.
4. of Time, [θάνατος] δή τοι ςχ. ἐςτιν Il.; ςοὶ δὲ γάμος ςχ. ἐςτι Od.
5. of Degree, nearly, all but, almost, just, ςχ. ταὐτά Hdt.; ςχ. πάντες id=Hdt., etc.
6. with Verbs, esp. of saying or knowing, ςχ. ἐπίςταμαι satis scio, Soph.; ςχ. οἶδα Eur.
1. a mass or lump of iron, used in throwing, Il.; distinguished from the flat δίςκος or quoit.
1. a mass or lump of iron, used in throwing, Il.; distinguished from the flat δίςκος or quoit.
1. thy, thine, of thee, Lat. tuus, tua, tuum, Hom., etc.; epic gen. ςοῖο; — in attic often with the Art., δέμας τὸ ςόν, τὸ ςὸν κάρα:—ςὸν ἔργον, c. inf., 'tis thy business to . . , Soph.; so, ςόν [ἐςτι] alone, Aesch.:— οἱ ςοί thy kinsfolk, people, Soph.:— τὸ ςόν what concerns thee, thy interest, words, purpose, id=Soph.:— τὰ ςά thy property, Od.; thy interests, Soph.
2. with a gen. added, τὰ ς̆ αὐτῆς ἔργα Il.; ςὸν μόνης δώρημα Soph.
3. objective, for thee, ςῇ ποθῇ Il.; ςός τε πόθος ςά τε μήδεα Od.; ςῇ προμηθίᾳ Soph.
1. all together, all at once, all in a body, Hom., Hdt., attic; in attic, the Art. is often added in the case of Numerals, πέντ̆ ἦςαν οἱ ξύμπαντες Soph.
2. with collective nouns, the whole, ὁ ς. ςτρατός Hdt.; ςτρατὸς ς. Soph.; ξύμπαςα πόλις the state as a whole, Thuc.; ξ. γνώμη the general scope (of a speech), id=Thuc.
3. τὸ ςύμπαν the whole together, the sum of the matter, Hdt.; τὸ ξύμπαν εἰπεῖν Thuc.
4. τὸ ςύμπαν, as adv. altogether, on the whole, in general, id=Thuc., etc.
1. prep. with dat., Lat. cum
2. along with, in company with, together with, δεῦρ̆ ἤλυθε ςὺν Μενελάῳ Il.
3. with collat. notion of help, ςὺν θεῷ with God's help or blessing, (the God being conceived as standing with one), Hom., etc.; ςὺν θεῷ εἰρημένον spoken as by inspiration, Hdt.: so, ςὺν δαίμονι, ςὺν Διί, ςὺν Ἀθήνῃ Il.; so also, ςύν τινι εἶναι or γίγνεςθαι to be with another, i. e. on his side, of his party, Xen.; οἱ ςύν τινι any one's friends, followers, id=Xen.
4. endued with, ἄκοιτις ςὺν μεγάλῃ ἀρετῇ Od.: of things that belong or are attached to a person, ςτῆ ςὺν δουρί Il.; ςκῆπτρον, ςὺν τῷ ἔβη id=Il.; αὐτῇ ςὺν φόρμιγγι id=Il. (here, in attic, the ςύν is often omitted).
5. of two or more things taken together, θύελλαι ςὺν βορέῃ, ἄνεμος ςὺν λαίλαπι id=Il.; also of coincidence in point of time, ἄκρᾳ ςὺν ἑςπέρᾳ Pind.
6. of connexion or consequence, ςὺν μεγάλῳ ἀποτῖςαι to pay with a great loss, i. e. suffer greatly, Il.; ςὺν τῷ ςῷ ἀγαθῷ to your advantage, Lat. tuo cum commodo, Xen.; ςὺν μιάςματι attended with pollution, Soph.:— and, generally, in accordance with; ςὺν δίκᾳ Pind., ςὺν κόςμῳ, ςὺν τάχει, etc., nearly = Advs. δικαίως, κοςμίως, ταχέως, attic.
7. with, by means of, ςὺν νεφέεςςι κάλυψεν γαῖαν Od., Pind.; πλοῦτον ἐκτήςω ςὺν αἰχμῇ Aesch.
8. with Ordin. Numerals, ἐμοὶ ςὺν ἑβδόμῳ, i. e. myself with six others, id=Aesch.
9. ςύν AS ADV. together, Aesch., Soph.
10. besides, also, likewise, Od., Trag.
11. IN COMPOS.
12. with, along with, together, Lat. con-:—in Compos. with a trans. Verb, as κτείνω, ςύν may refer to two things, to kill one person as well as another, or, to join with another in killing.
13. of the completion of an action, altogether, completely, as in ςυμπληρόω, ςυντέμνω.
14. joined with numerals, ςύνδυο two together or by twos, two and two; so ςύντρεις, ςύμπεντε, etc., like Lat. bini, terni, etc.
15. ςυν- before β μ π φ ψ, becomes ςυμ-; before γ κ ξ χ, ςυγ-; before λ, ςυλ-; before ς, ςυς-, but before ςτ, ςυ-, as ςυςτῆναι.
1. to go or come together, to assemble, Il., Hdt., Thuc.
2. in hostile sense, to meet in battle, Il., etc.: of states, to engage in war, Thuc.
3. in peaceable sense, to come together, meet to deliberate, id=Thuc.
4. of revenue, to come in, Hdt.
1. to save, keep:
2. of persons, to save from death, keep alive, preserve, Hom., attic
3. of things, to keep safe, preserve, Hom.:—Mid. to keep or preserve for oneself, Soph., etc.
4. to keep, observe, maintain laws, etc., Trag.:—Pass., Thuc.
5. to keep in mind, remember, Eur., Plat.:—so in Mid., Soph., Plat.
6. with a sense of motion to a place, to bring one safe to, τὸν δ̆ ἐςάωςεν ἐς ποταμοῦ προχοάς Od.; ςω. τινὰ πρὸς ἤπειρον Aesch.:—in Pass. to come safe, escape to a place, ἐς οἶκον Hdt.; ἐπὶ θάλατταν Xen.
7. to carry off safe, rescue from danger, ἐκ πολέμου Il.; ἐκ θανάτοιο Od.; ἀπὸ ςτρατείας Aesch.:—c. gen., ἐχθρῶν ςῶςαι χθόνα to rescue the land from enemies, Soph.; Pass., ςωθῆναι κακῶν Eur.
8. c. inf., αἵ ςε ςώζουςιν θανεῖν who save thee from dying, id=Eur.
9. absol., τὰ ςώςοντα what is likely to save, Dem.
1. of sound mind, Lat. sanae mentis:— hence sensible, discreet, wise, Hom., Hdt., Xen.
2. of things, ςώφρονα εἰπεῖν Eur.; ἄλλο τι ςωφρονέςτερον γιγνώςκειν Thuc.:— ςῶφρόν ἐςτι, c. inf., id=Thuc.
3. having control over the sensual desires, temperate, self-controlled, moderate, chaste, sober, Trag., Plat., etc.:—so, ς. γνώμη Aesch.; ς. ἀριςτοκρατία Thuc.
4. τὸ ςῶφρον ͂ ςωφροςύνη, Eur., Thuc., etc.
5. adv. -o/nws, Hdt.—comp. ςωφρονέςτερον, Thuc.; so, ἐπὶ τὸ ςωφρονέςτερον Hdt.:—but -εςτέρως, Eur.:—Sup. -έςτατα, Isocr.
1. a sign, mark, token, Hom., etc.; the star on a horse's forehead, Il.
2. a sign from heaven, an omen, portent, Hom., etc.
3. generally, a sign to do or begin something, Od.; a watchword, Eur.; a battle-sign, signal, id=Eur.
4. the sign by which a grave is known, a mound, cairn, barrow, Lat. tumulus, Hom., etc.:—generally, a grave, tomb, Hdt., attic
5. a token by which any one's identity was certified: the ςήματα λυγρά of Bellerophon were pictorial, not written, tokens (v. gra/fw init.), Il.:— the mark on the lot of Ajax, id=Il.: the device or bearing on a shield, Aesch.; the seal impressed on a letter, Soph.
6. a constellation, Il., Eur.
1. corn, grain, comprehending both wheat (πυρός) and barley (κριθή), Od., Thuc.; ς. ἀληλεςμένος ground corn, Hdt., Thuc.
2. food made from grain, bread, as opp. to flesh-meat, Od., Hdt.; ςῖτον ἔδοντες, a general epith. of men as opp. to beasts, Od.; hence of savages, who eat flesh only, οὐδέ τι ςῖτον ἤςθιον Hes.
3. in wider sense, meat, as opp. to drink, ςῖτος ἠδὲ ποτής Hom.; ςῖτα καὶ ποτά Hdt., etc.
4. rarely of beasts, food, fodder, Hes., Eur.
5. in attic Law, the public allowance of grain made to widows and orphans, Dem.
1. a pipe:
2. a musical pipe, a shepherd's pipe, Panspipe, Il., Hes., attic
3. anything like a pipe:
4. a spear-case, = doratoqh/kh, Il.
5. the hole in the nave of a wheel, Trag.
6. a duct or channel in the body, in pl. the nostrils, Soph.
1. the stout, strong one, of Hermes, Il.
1. the body of a man: in Hom. always the dead body, corpse, carcase, whereas the living body is δέμας.
2. the living body, Hes., Hdt., attic; τὸ ς. ςώζειν or -εςθαι to save one's life, Dem., Thuc.; ἔχειν τὸ ς. κακῶς, ὡς βέλτιςτα, to be in a bad, a good state of body, Xen.
3. body, as opp. to the soul (ψυχή), Plat., etc.; τὰ τοῦ ς. ἔργα bodily labours, Xen.; τὰ εἰς τὸ ς. τιμήματα bodily punishments, Aeschin.
4. periphr., ἀνθρώπου ςῶμα ͂ ἄνθρωπος, Hdt.; esp. in Trag., ςῶμα θηρός ͂ ὁ θήρ, Soph., etc.:—often of slaves, ς. αἰχμάλωτα Dem., etc
5. generally, a body, i. e. any material substance, Plat., etc.
6. the whole body or mass of a thing, ὑπὸ ςώματι γῆς Aesch.; τὸ ς. τῆς πίςτεως the body of the proof, Arist.
1. a balance, Theogn., Ar.:—in pl. a pair of scales, Il., etc.
2. anything weighed,
3. a definite weight, a talent, in Hom. of gold; but the weight of the Homeric talent is unknown.
4. in later times the τάλαντον was both a weight and a sum of money represented by that weight of silver:—the Attic talent weighed about 57.75 lbs. avoird., and its value in our money was about 200 l. There was, of course, no such coin as a talent. For purposes of coinage, a talent of silver was coined into 6000 drachmae.
1. a basket, Lat. qualus, Od.; πλεκτὸς τάλ. a basket of wicker-work, in which new-made cheeses were placed so as to let the whey run off, Hom.
1. Pass., to be stretched, Il.
1. a carpet, rug, Lat. tapes, Hom., Ar.
1. fright, alarm, terror, Il., Trag., etc.
2. awe, reverence, τινός for one, Aesch.
3. an object of alarm, a fear, alarm, Soph., Eur.
1. a thicket, Il.
1. a ditch, trench, Hom., etc.; τάφρον ὀρύςςειν Il., etc.; τ. ἐλαύνειν to draw a trench, id=Il.
1. quickly, presently, forthwith, Lat. statim, Hom., etc
2. perhaps, Plat., etc.:—so also τάχ̆ ἄν probably, perhaps, may be, with opt., Hdt., attic:— τάχ̆ ἄν alone, in answers, Plat., etc.:— strengthd., ἴςως τάχα Xen.; τάχα τοίνυν ἴςως Dem.; τάχ̆ ἂν ἴςως Soph., etc.
3. for comp. τάχιον, Sup. τάχιςτα, v. taxu/s c.
1. swiftness, speed, fleetness, velocity, Il., Plat.
2. τ. φρενῶν quickness of temper, hastiness, Eur.
3. τάχος is often used in Adverbial phrases for ταχέως, absol. in acc., Aesch., etc.: —with Preps., ἀπὸ τάχους Xen.; διὰ τάχους Soph., etc.; ἐν τάχει Aesch., etc.; εἰς τάχος Xen., etc.; κατὰ τάχος Hdt., Thuc.; μετὰ τάχους Plat.; ςὺν τάχει Soph.:—also with relatives, ὡς τάχος, like ὡς τάχιςτα, Hdt., Aesch.; so, ὅ τι τάχος Hdt., Soph.; ὅςον τάχος Soph.:—also, ὡς τάχεος εἶχεν ἕκαςτος as each was off for speed, i. e. as quickly as they could, Hdt.; ὡς εἶχον τάχους Thuc.
1. at or near the roof, τ. θάλαμοι, of the women's chambers, = u(perw=|on, Il.
1. intr. to be astonished, astounded, amazed, Od., Hdt.; mostly in part. τεθηπώς amazed, astonied, Il.:—to this belongs also aor2 ἔταφον, used by Hom. only in part. ταφών, in the phrases ταφὼν ἀνόρουςε, ςτῆ δὲ ταφών; but 3 sg. τάφε (for ἔταφε) occurs in Pind.; and 1st sg. ἔταφον in Aesch.
2. c. acc. to be amazed at, Luc.
1. a fixed mark or boundary, goal, end, Il.; τέκμωρ Ἰλίου the end of Ilium, id=Il.
2. an end, object, purpose, Pind.
3. like τεκμήριον, a fixed sign, sure sign or token, as Zeus says that his nod is μέγιςτον τέκμωρ ἐξ ἐμέθεν the highest, surest pledge I can give, Il.; ἦν δ̆ οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς οὔτε χειμῶνος τ. οὔτ̆ ἦρος Aesch., etc.
1. that which is borne or born, a child (cf. Scottish bairn, from Anglo-S. beran, to bear), Hom., etc.; my son, my child, sometimes with masc. adj., φίλε τέκνον id=Hom.; the relat. Pron. or Participle often follows in masc. or fem.
2. of animals, the young, id=Hom., etc.
3. metaph., flowers are γαίας τέκνα Aesch.; birds αἰθέρος τέκνα Eur.
1. poetic for τέκνον, Hom., etc.
2. of animals, Il., etc.; in pl. the young, id=Il.
1. any worker in wood, esp. a carpenter, joiner, Hom., etc.; opp. to a smith (χαλκεύς), Plat., Xen.; to a mason (λιθολόγος), Thuc., etc.
2. generally, any craftsman or workman, τ. κεραοξόος a worker in horn, Il.; of a metal-worker, Eur.; a sculptor, Soph., Eur.
3. a master in any art, Pind.; τ. νωδυνιᾶν, i. e. a physician, id=Pind.
4. metaph. a maker, author, νεικέων Aesch.; κακῶν Eur.
1. having reached its end, finished, complete, Il., etc.: of victims, perfect, without spot or blemish, id=Il.; τὰ τέλεα τῶν προβάτων Hdt.; of sacrifices, ἱερὰ τέλεια of full tale or number, or performed with all rites, Thuc.; so, αἰετὸς τελειότατος πετεηνῶν is prob. the surest bird of augury, Il.
2. of animals, fullgrown, Xen., etc.
3. of persons, absolute, complete, accomplished, perfect in his or its kind, Plat., etc.: —so of things, φάρμακον τελεώτατον id=Plat.; τ. ἀρετή, φιλία, etc., Arist.
4. of prayers, vows, etc., fulfilled, accomplished, Pind., Aesch.; ὄψις οὐ τελέη a vision which imported nothing, Hdt.; τ. ψῆφος a fixed resolve, Soph.
5. in Arithm., those numbers are τέλειοι, which are equal to the sum of their divisors, as 6 = 3 + 2 + 1, Plat.
6. of the gods, fulfilling prayer, Ζεὺς τ. Zeus the fulfiller, Pind., Aesch.; of Hera ζυγία, Lat. Juno pronuba, the presiding goddess of marriage, Pind., Aesch., etc.:—so, τέλειος ἀνήρ, = Lat. paterfamilias, the lord of the house, Aesch.
7. = teleutai=os, last, Soph.
8. τέλειον (not τέλεον), τό, a royal banquet, as a transl. of the Pers. tycta, Hdt.
9. adv. tele/ws, at last, Aesch., Plat., etc.
10. perfectly, absolutely, thoroughly, Hdt.
11. the neut. τέλεον is also used as adv., Luc.
12. comp. and Sup.: Hom. uses τελεώτερος, -εώτατος or τελειότερος, -ειότατος, as his metre requires: in attic τελεώτερος, -ώτατος prevail.
1. to make to arise, accomplish, Pind.:—Pass. to come forth, arise, id=Pind.
2. intr. in Act., ἡλίου τέλλοντος at sunrise, Soph.
1. the fulfilment or completion of anything, Lat. effectus, i.e. its consummation, issue, result, end, Hom., etc.; τ. πολέμου its issue, Il.; τ. ἐπιτιθέναι τινί to put a finish to a thing, i. e. give it effect, id=Il.; τ. ἐπιγίγνεται ἀρῇςι one's prayers are accomplished, Od.:— τέλος ἔχειν to have reached the end, to be finished or ready, Il.; τ. ἔχει δαίμων ὅπα θέλει the deity keeps the result in his own power, Eur.:— τ. λαβεῖν to be completed, Plat.
2. esp. of the end of life, τὸ τ. βίου, Soph., Eur.; and without βίου, the end, death, Hdt.
3. periphr. in various phrases, τέλος θανάτου the point or term of death, Lat. exitus mortis, Hom.; so, τ. γάμοιο ͂ γάμος, Od., etc.
4. Adverbial usages:
5. τέλος at last, Hdt., Thuc.: so, εἰς or ἐς τέλος Hdt.:— διὰ τέλους throughout, for ever, completely, Trag.:— τέλει, Lat. omnino, at all, Soph.
6. the end proposed, chief matter, μύθου τ. Il.
7. the end of action, Plat.:—hence = to\ a)gaqo/n, the chief good, Cicero's finis bonorum, Arist.
8. perfection, full age, ἀνδρὸς τ. man's full age, man hood, Plat.; τέλος ἔχειν or λαμβάνειν to be grown up, id=Plat.
9. a final decision, determination, Aesch.
10. the prize at games, Pind.
11. supreme authority, Eur., etc.
12. a magistracy, office, οἱ ἐν τέλει men in office, magistrates, Soph., Thuc., etc.; οἱ ἐν τέλει βεβῶτες Soph.:—then, τὸ τέλος the government, Aesch.; τὰ τέλη the magistrates, Thuc., Xen., etc.
13. generally, a task, office, Aesch.; ὀμμάτων τέλη the duties of the eyes, Eur.
14. a body of soldiers, Il.; ἐν τελέεςςιν in squadrons, Il.; so, κατὰ τέλεα Hdt.: —δίρρυμα τέλη troops of chariots, Aesch.; and of ships, τρία τέλη τῶν νεῶν Thuc.
15. that which is paid for state purposes, a toll, tax, duty, Ar., Plat., etc.; ἀγορᾶς τ. a market- due, Ar.; τέλος πρίαςθαι, πωλεῖν to farm a tax, or let it, Dem., Aeschin.; for λύειν τέλη, v. lu/w V. 2:—generally, outlay, expense, Thuc.:—hence, at Athens, the property at which a citizen was rated for taxation, Lat. census; and then, a class, order, of citizens, Dem., etc.
16. in pl. offerings or sacred rites due to the gods, Trag.:—esp. of the Eleusinian mysteries, Soph., Eur., etc.
17. of marriage, as the consummation of life, Aesch., Soph.
1. a boundary, limit, τέλςον ἀρούρης Il.
1. a piece of land cut off, assigned as a domain to kings and chiefs, Hom.
2. a piece of land dedicated to a god, the sacred precincts, id=Hom.: in it stood the temple, Hdt.:—metaph., the sacred valley of the Nile is the τέμ. Νείλοιο, Pind.; the Acropolis is the ἱερὸν τ. of Pallas, Ar.
1. any tight-stretched band, a sinew, tendon, Hom.; τ. ποδός the outstretched foot, Eur.:—absol. the foot, Aesch., Eur.
1. a sign, wonder, marvel, Lat. portentum, prodigium, Hom.; esp. of signs in heaven, Il. (cf. τεῖρος), etc.
2. in concrete sense, a monster, Διὸς τ. αἰγιόχοιο, of the Gorgon's head, id=Il.; of a serpent, id=Il.; of Typhoeus, Aesch.; of Cerberus, Soph.
1. properly rubbed smooth, and so smooth, soft, delicate, Lat. tener, Hom., etc.; ὄψις τέρεινα a tender sight, i. e. one that causes tender feelings, Eur.:—comp. τερεινότερος, Sapph.
1. an end, boundary, Lat. terminus:
2. the goal round which chariots had to turn at races, Lat. meta, Il.; δρόμου τέρματα Soph.
3. the mark set to shew how far a quoit was thrown, Od.
4. metaph. an end, issue, event, Aesch.
5. generally, an end, limit, id=Aesch.; so in pl. boundaries, Hdt.
6. an end, πρὸς τέρμα εἶναι, ἐπὶ τέρμ̆ ἀφικέςθαι to have reached the limit, be at the end, Aesch., Soph.; τ. βίου the term or end of life, death, Soph., Eur., etc.; ἐπὶ τέρματι at last, Aesch.
7. the end or highest point, κακῶν Eur.; πρὸς τέρμαςιν ὥρας Ar.
8. periphr., τέρμα ὑγιείας ͂ ὑγιεία, Aesch.; τ. τῆς ςωτηρίας Soph.
9. the highest power, supremacy, τ. Κορίνθου ἔχειν to be sovereign of Corinth, Simon.; θεοὶ ἁπάντων τέρμ̆ ἔχοντες Eur.
1. to satisfy, delight, gladden, cheer, Hom., Hdt., attic:—absol. to give delight, Od.; τὰ τέρποντα delights, Soph.
2. Pass. and Mid.,
3. c. gen. rei, to have full enjoyment of a thing, have enough of it, Hom.; metaph., τεταρπώμεςθα γόοιο let us take our fill of lamentation, id=Hom.
4. to enjoy oneself, make merry, c. dat. modi, φόρμιγγι, μύθοιςι, etc., id=Hom., etc.; so, τ. ἐν θαλίῃς Od., etc.:— also c. part., τέρψει κλύων Soph.; τέρπεται τιμώμενος Eur.:—absol., πῖνε καὶ τέρπου drink and be merry, Hdt.
5. c. acc. cogn. to enjoy, τ. ὄνηςιν Eur.
1. to be or become dry, to dry up, ἕλκος ἐτέρςετο the wound dried up, Il.; θειλόπεδον τέρςεται ἠελίωι the plain is baked by the sun, Od.; c. gen., ὄςςε δακρυόφιν τέρςοντο eyes became dry of tears, id=Od.
2. Act. intr. in 3rd sg. fut. τέρςει (as if from te/rrw), Theocr.
1. four, Lat. quatuor, Hom., etc.
1. fourth, Lat. quartus, Hom.
2. τὸ τέταρτον, as adv. the fourth time, id=Hom.: as adv., without Art., fourthly, Plat.
3. ἡ τετάρτη:
4. (sub. ἡμέρα), the fourth day, Hes., Xen.
5. (sub. μοῖρα), a liquid measure (cf. our quart), Hdt.
1. to overtake, reach, come up to, find, Hom.; of old age, to come upon one, Od.
2. c. gen. to partake of, Hes.
1. fourth, Hom., etc.; τὸ τέτρατον the fourth time, Il., Hes.
1. a friendly or respectful address of youths to their elders, Father, Il.
1. a kind of grasshopper, the cicala, Lat. cicada, an insect fond of basking on bushes, when the male makes a chirping noise by striking the wing against the breast, Il., etc.
2. χρύςεος τ. a golden cicada, worn by the Athenians before Solon.'s time, as an emblem of their claim to being αὐτόχθονες (for such was the supposed origin of the insect), Ar., Thuc.
1. ashes, Il., Ar.: also a kind of pungent dust or snuff, Ar.
1. art, skill, craft in work, cunning of hand, esp. of metal-working, Od.; of a shipwright, Il.; of a soothsayer, Aesch., Soph.
2. art, craft, cunning, in bad sense, δολίη τ. Od.; in pl. arts, wiles, cunning devices, id=Od., etc.
3. the way, manner or means whereby a thing is gained, without any sense of art or craft, μηδεμιῇ τέχνῃ in no wise, Hdt.; πάςῃ τέχνῃ by all means, Ar.; παντοίῃ τ. Soph.
4. an art, craft, trade, ἐπίςταςθαι τὴν τ. to know his craft, Hdt.; ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ εἶναι to practise it, Soph.; ἐπὶ τέχνῃ μανθάνειν τι to learn a thing professionally, Plat.; τέχνην ποιεῖςθαί τι to make a trade of it, Dem.
5. an art, i. e. a system or method of making or doing, Plat., Arist.; ἢ φύςει ἢ τέχνῃ Plat.; μετὰ τέχνης, ἄνευ τέχνης id=Plat.
6. = te/xnhma, a work of art, handiwork, Soph.
1. so long, meanwhile, the while, correlat. to ἕως, ἕως ἐγὼ ἠλώμην, τείως . . while I was wandering, meantime . . Od.; ἐςθίων τέως, ἕως . . Ar.
2. for a time, a while, τείως μὲν . . , αὐτὰρ νῦν Od.; τέως μὲν . . , εἶτα δὲ . . Ar., etc.
3. up to this time, hitherto, Hdt., Ar.
1. Act. to melt, melt down (trans.), of metals, Hdt., etc.: to dissipate clouds, id=Hdt.
2. metaph. to cause to waste or pine away, Od., Eur.
3. Pass., with intr. perf. act. τέτηκα, to be dissolved, melt away, of snow, to thaw, Od., Hdt., attic; of metals, Hes.; ἄλφιτα πυρὶ τ. is consumed, Theocr.; of a corpse, to fall away, Soph.; πῦρ τετακός a dead fire, Eur.
4. metaph. to melt or waste away, pine, Hom., Hdt., attic; βλέμμα τηκόμενον a languishing look, Plut.
1. why? wherefore? Hom., Hes., and attic Comedy; cf. ὁτιή.
1. in local sense, to set, put, place, Hom., etc.:—in attic, πόδα τ. to plant the foot, i. e. walk, run, Aesch.; τετράποδος βάςιν θηρὸς τίθεςθαι, i. e. to go on all fours, Eur.: θεῖναί τινί τι ἐν χερςίν to put it in his hands, Il.; ἐς χεῖρά τινος into his hand, Soph.
2. θέςθαι τὴν ψῆφον to lay one's voting-pebble on the altar, put it into the urn, Aesch.; so, τίθεςθαι τὴν γνώμην to give one's opinion, Hdt.; and τίθεςθαι absol. to vote, Soph.
3. θεῖναί τινί τι ἐν φρεςί, ἐν ςτήθεςςι to put or plant it in his heart, Hom.; ἐν ςτήθεςςι τιθεῖ νόον Il., etc.: Mid., θέςθαι θυμὸν ἐν ςτήθεςςι to lay up wrath in one's heart, id=Il.; θέςθαι τινὶ κότον to harbour enmity against him, id=Il.
4. to deposit, as in a bank, Hdt., Xen.; also, ἐγγύην θέςθαι Aesch.:—Pass., τὰ τεθέντα the deposits, Dem.:—metaph., χάριν or χάριτα θέςθαι τινί to deposit a claim for favour with one, to lay an obligation on one, Hdt., etc.
5. to pay down, pay, Dem.
6. to place to account, put down, reckon, in rationes referre, id=Dem.
7. in military language, τίθεςθαι τὰ ὅπλα has three senses,
8. to pile arms, as in a camp, to bivouac, Thuc.:—hence, to take up a position, draw up in order of battle, Hdt., etc.
9. to lay down one's arms, surrender, Xen.; so, πόλεμον θέςθαι to settle, end it, Thuc.
10. εὖ θέςθαι ὅπλα to keep one's arms in good order, Xen.; like εὖ ἀςπίδα θέςθω, Il.
11. to lay in the grave, bury, id=Il., Aesch., etc.
12. τιθέναι τὰ γόνατα to kneel down, NTest.
13. to set up prizes in games, Lat. proponere, Il., etc.:— Pass., τὰ τιθέμενα the prizes, Dem.
14. θεῖναι ἐς μέςον, Lat. in medio ponere, to lay before people, Hdt.; so, τ. εἰς τὸ κοινόν Xen.
15. to set up ina temple, to devote, dedicate, Hom., Eur.
16. to assign, award, τιμήν τινι Il.:—Mid., ὄνομα θέςθαι to give a name, Od., Hdt., etc.
17. τιθέναι νόμον to lay down or give a law, of a legislator, Soph., etc.: Mid., of republican legislatures, to give oneself a law, make a law, Hdt., etc.:—so, θεῖναι θεςμόν Aesch.; ςκῆψιν θεῖναι to allege an excuse, Soph.
18. to establish, institute, ἀγῶνα Aesch., Xen.
19. to ordain, command, c. acc. et inf., Xen.; γυναιξὶ ςωφρονεῖν θήςει Eur.; so, with Advs., οὕτω νῦν Ζεὺς θείη so may he ordain, Od.; ὣς ἄρ̆ ἔμελλον θηςέμεναι Il.
20. to put in a certain state, to make so and so, θεῖναί τινα αἰχμητήν, μάντιν Hom.; θεῖναί τινα ἄλοχόν τινος to make her another's wife, Il.; τοῖόν με ἔθηκε ὅπως ἐθέλει has made me such as she will, Od.; ςῦς ἔθηκας ἑταίρους thou didst make my comrades swine, id=Od.; ναῦν λᾶαν ἔθηκε id=Od.:—so, with an adj., θεῖναί τινα ἀθάνατον to make him immortal, id=Od.; also of things, ὄλεθρον ἀπευθέα θῆκε left it unknown, id=Od.:—often in Mid., γυναῖκα or ἄκοιτιν θέςθαι τινά to make her one's wife, Od.; παῖδα or υἱὸν τίθεςθαί τινα, like ποιεῖςθαι, to make her one's child, adopt him, Plat.
21. c. inf. to make one do so and so, τιθέναι τινὰ νικῆςαι to make him conquer, Pind., etc.
22. in reference to mental action, mostly in Mid., to lay down, assume, hold, reckon or regard as so and so, τί δ̆ ἐλέγχεα ταῦτα τίθεςθε; Od.; εὐεργέτημα τ. τι Dem.
23. foll. by Advs., ποῦ χρὴ τίθεςθαι ταῦτα; in what light must we regard these things? Soph.; οὐδαμοῦ τιθέναι τι to hold of no account, nullo in numero habere, Eur.
24. foll. by Preps., τ. τινὰ ἐν τοῖς φίλοις Xen.; τίθεςθαί τινα ἐν τιμῆι Hdt.; θέςθαι παρ̆ οὐδέν to set at naught, Aesch., etc.
25. with an inf., οὐ τίθημ̆ ἐγὼ ζῆν τοῦτον I hold not that he lives, count him not as living, Soph.
26. to lay down, assume, Plat., etc.
27. to make, work, execute, Lat. ponere, of an artist, ἐν δ̆ ἐτίθει νεῖον Il.
28. to make, cause, bring to pass, ἔργα id=Il.; ὀρυμαγδόν Od., etc.
29. in Mid. to make for oneself, θέςθαι κέλευθον to make oneself a road, Il.; μεγάλην ἐπιγουνίδα θέςθαι to get a large thigh, Od.; θέςθαι πόνον to work oneself annoy, Aesch.
30. periphr. for a single Verb. ςκέδαςιν θεῖναι ͂ ςκεδάςαι, to make a scattering, Od.; so in Mid., θέςθαι μάχην for μάχεςθαι, Il.; ςπουδήν, πρόνοιαν θέςθαι Soph.
31. εὖ θέςθαι to settle, arrange, or manage well, τὰ ςεωυτοῦ Hdt.; τὸ παρόν Thuc.:—also, καλῶς θεῖναι or θέςθαι Soph., Eur.; εὖ θέςθαι Soph.
1. to bring into the world; of the father, to beget, of the mother, to bring forth, Hom., attic; so also in Mid., Il.; οἱ τεκόμενοι of the mother, Aesch.
2. the 3rd pl. aor2 τέκον, ἔτεκον is used of both parents, Hom.: hence οἱ τεκόντες the parents, Aesch., Soph.
3. separately, ὁ τεκών the father, Aesch.; ἡ τεκοῦςα the mother, id=Aesch.; and as Subst., c. gen., ὁ κείνου τεκών Eur.
4. of female animals, to bear young, breed, Hom.; ὠιὰ τ. to lay eggs, Hdt.
5. of vegetable produce, to bear, produce, [γαῖα] τίκτει ἔμπεδα μῆλα Od.:—so in Mid., γαῖαν ἣ τὰ πάντα τίκτεται Aesch.
6. metaph. to generate, produce, τὸ δυςςεβὲς ἔργον πλείονα τίκτει id=Aesch.; of Night as the mother of Day, τῆς τεκούςης φῶς τόδ̆ εὐφρόνης id=Aesch.; τ. ἀοιδάς Eur.; πόλεμον Plat.
1. to pluck or pull out hair, Lat. vello, Il.; so in Mid., χαίτας τίλλεςθαι to pluck out one's hair, Od.
2. with acc. of that from which the hair or feathers are plucked, τίλλειν πέλειαν id=Od.; κάρα τ. Aesch.; τ. πλάτανον to pluck its leaves off, Plut.:— Pass. to have one's hair plucked out, Ar.
3. Mid., τίλλεςθαί τινα to tear one's hair in sorrow for any one, Il.
4. metaph. to pluck, vex, annoy, Lat. vellicare, Pass., Ar.
1. to punish, chastise, c. acc. rei, λώβην τινύμενος chastising insolence, Od.: absol. to avenge oneself, Hdt.
2. to avenge, take vengeance for a thing, c. acc., Hes., Eur.
3. to exact as penalty, δὶς τόςα Hes.
1. Act. to pay a price by way of return, to pay a penalty (whereas τίω means to pay, honour), Hom., Soph., etc.:—also to pay a debt, acquit oneself of an obligation, τίςειν αἴςιμα πάντα Od.; τ. χάριν τινί to render one thanks, Aesch.; τ. ἰατροῖς μιςθόν Xen.:—also to pay for, repay, εὐαγγέλιον Od.; τροφάς τινι Eur.:—with gen. of the thing for which one pays, τ. ἀμοιβὴν βοῶν τινί to pay compensation for the oxen, Od.; also, τ. πληγὴν ἀντὶ πληγῆς Aesch.:—but also with acc. of the thing for which one pays, the price being omitted, to pay or atone for a thing, τίνειν ὕβριν Hom.; τ. μητρὸς δίκας for thy mother, Eur.:—more rarely c. acc. pers., τίςεις γνωτὸν τὸν ἔπεφνες thou shalt make atonement for the son thou hast slain, Il.
2. absol. to make return or requital, Solon, Soph.
3. Mid. to have a price paid one, make another pay for a thing, avenge oneself on him, to chastise, punish, Lat. poenas sumere de aliquo, c. acc. pers., Hom., Trag., etc.
4. c. gen. criminis, τίςεςθαι Ἀλέξανδρον κακότητος to punish him for his wickedness, Hom., Hdt.
5. c. acc. rei, to take vengeance for a thing, Hom.
6. c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, ἐτίςατο ἔργον ἀεικὲς ἀντίθεον Νηλῆα he made Neleus pay for the misdeed, visited it on his head, Od.; also, τίςαςθαί τινα δίκην to exact retribution from a person, Eur.
7. absol. to repay oneself, take vengeance, Hom.
1. in direct questions, who? which? neut. what? which? Lat. quis, quae, quid?, Hom., etc.: relating to other words in the same case, τίς δ̆ οὗτος ἔρχεαι; who art thou that comest? Il.; τίν̆ ὄψιν ςὴν προςδέρκομαι; what face is this I see of thine? Eur.:— τίς ἄν or κεν, with the opt., expresses doubt, who could, who would do so? Hom.: —in double questions, τί λαβόντα τί δεῖ ποιεῖν; what has one received and what must one do? Dem.; so, τίς πόθεν εἶς ἀνδρῶν; who and whence art thou? Od.
2. τίς with Particles: τίς γάρ; Lat. quisnam? why who? who possibly? Il., etc.; τίς δή; who then? Theogn.; τίς δῆτα; Soph.; τίς ποτε; who in the world? who ever? Xen.
3. neut. τί; as a simple question, what? Aesch.; also, why? Il. b. τί μοι; τί ςοι; what is it to me? to thee? Soph., etc.; c. gen., τί μοι ἔριδος; what have I to do with the quarrel? Il.; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ ςοί; what is there (in common) to me and thee? what have I to do with thee? NTest. c. τί with Particles:— τί γάρ; why not? how else? Lat. quid enim? quidni? i. e. of course, no doubt, Aesch., etc.; τί δέ; Lat. quid vero? Plat.; τί δέ, εἰ . .; but what, if . .? Eur.; τί δή; τί δήποτε; why ever? why in the world? Plat.:— τί μή; why not? Lat. quidni? Trag.:— τί μή; i. e. yes certainly, Plat., etc.
4. τίς is sometimes used for ὅςτις in indirect questions, ἠρώτα δὴ ἔπειτα, τίς εἴη καὶ πόθεν ἔλθοι Od.; οὐκ ἔχω τί φῶ Aesch.
5. τίς; τί; with part., followed by a verbal clause, forms one sentence in Greek where we use two, εἴρετο τίνες ἐόντες προαγορεύουςι; who they were that proclaim? Hdt.; καταμεμάθηκας τοὺς τί ποιοῦντας τοὔνομα τοῦτ̆ ἀποκαλοῦςιν; have you learnt what they do whom men call so and so? Xen.
6. τίς; ͂ ποῖος; Soph.
7. τί was never elided; but the hiatus is allowed in attic, τί οὖν; Ar.; τί ἔςτιν; Soph.; τί εἶπας; id=Soph.
1. payment by way of return or recompense, retribution, vengeance, Hom., etc.; τίςιν δοῦναί τινος to suffer punishment for an act, Lat. poenas dare, Hdt.; καςιγνήτου τίςις for him, Soph.; in pl., Ὀροίτεα τίςιες μετῆλθον (where it may be personified, avengers, like Ἐρίνυες), Hdt.
2. power to repay or requite, both in bad and good sense, Theogn.
1. enduring labour, drudging, of mules, Hom., Hes.; of Hercules, Theocr.
1. patient of mind, stout-hearted, Il.; epith. of Ulysses, Hom.
1. with shield of tough bull's-hide, Il.; τ. χρώς a thick tough hide, Anth.:— neut. as adv., ταλαύρινον πολεμίζειν to fight toughly, stoutly, Il.
1. cutting the skin, wounding, Il.
1. with long point or edge, Il.
1. stretched, outstretched, tall, long, taper, Il.; πλόκαμος τ. long flowing locks, Eur.; τ. αἰθήρ outspread ether, id=Eur.; τ. γῆρας long old age, Anth.
1. laying one out at length, epith. of death, Hom.
1. like ταναήκης, with long point or edge, Hom.
2. tapering, Il.
1. with long point, Il.
1. long-sided, enormous, Anth.
1. with flowing peplos, Hom.
1. of trees, with long-stretched bark, i. e. of tall or slender growth, Il.
1. to stretch, strain, stretch out, Il.; τ. βιόν to string a bow, Od.; and in Mid., τόξον τανυςςάμενος having strung his bow, Il.:—of putting the strings to a harp, ἐτάνυςςε χορδήν Od.; τ. κανόνα to push the weaving-bar tight, i. e. to weave, Il.; ὅπως τανύςηι when he reins in [the horses], id=Il.; ἐπὶ Ἀκράγαντι τανύςςας (sc. ὀϊςτούς) having aimed them, Pind.:—Pass., γναθμοὶ τάνυςθεν (for ἐτανύςθηςαν) the hollow cheeks filled out, Od.; to run at full stretch, of horses galloping, Hom.
2. metaph. to strain, make more intense, μάχην Il.; ἔριδα πολέμοιο πεῖραρ τάνυςςαν strained the tug of war, id=Il.
3. to stretch out, lay along, lay, Hom.; τ. τινὰ ἐν κονίηις, ἐπὶ γαίηι to lay one in the dust, stretch him at his length, id=Hom.:—Pass. to lie stretched out, id=Hom.: to extend, Od.; ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυςθείς Il.:—also, τρίβος τετάνυςτο the path stretched away, Theocr.
1. to stir, stir up, trouble, in a physical sense, ἐτάραξε πόντον Od.; ὁμοῦ τ. τήν τε γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλατταν Ar.; βροντήμαςι κυκάτω πάντα Aesch.; πάντα τ., of a speaker, to jumble up, Dem.; δεινὰ τ. makes "confusion worse confounded," Soph.
2. to trouble the mind, confound, agitate, disturb, disquiet, Trag., Plat., etc.: absol. to cause confusion, Plat.
3. of an army, to throw into disorder, Hdt., Xen., etc.:—Pass. to be in disorder, Hdt., Thuc.
4. of political matters, to agitate, distract, Ar.:—Pass. to be in a state of disorder or anarchy, Thuc., Dem.
5. ταράττεςθαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων to be shaken in one's seat on horseback, Xen.
6. to stir up mud, raise by stirring up, Ar.: metaph., τ. νεῖκος, πόλεμον Soph., Plat.; Pass., πόλεμος ἐταράχθη Dem.
7. intr. perf. τέτρηχα, to be in disorder or confusion, be in an uproar, τετρήχει δ̆ ἀγορή Il.; ἀγορὴ τετρηχυῖα id=Il.
1. intr. to be frightened, alarmed, terrified, Hom.; τ. φόβῳ Soph., Eur.:— absol. to shew fear, Il., Aesch.; τὸ ταρβεῖν a state of fear, Eur.; μή με ταρβήςας προδῷς from fear, Soph.; τεταρβηκώς fear-stricken, Eur.
2. c. acc. to fear, dread, Il., Aesch., etc.
3. to stand in awe of, revere, Aesch.
1. a stand or frame of wicker-work, a crate, Lat. cratis, Od., Thuc.:— generally, a basket, Ar.
2. a mat of reeds, built into brickwork to bind it together, Hdt.
3. any broad flat surface, as,
4. τ. ποδός the flat of the foot, the part between the toes and the heel, Il., Hdt.
5. τ. κωπέως the flat or blade of an oar, Lat. palmula, Hdt.: absol. an oar, Eur.:—in collective sense, the oars on one side of a ship, Thuc.
6. τ. πτέρυγος the flat of the wing, a wing, Anth.: of a peacock's tail, Mosch.
1. a city of Spain at the mouth of the Baetis, the Tarshish of Scripture, Hdt., Strab.
1. thick, close, Aesch.; pl. masc. and neut., like Lat. frequentes, ταρφέες ἰοί thick-flying arrows, Il.; ταρφέα δράγματα id=Il.:— neut. pl. ταρφέα as adv. ofttimes, often, Hom.:— ταρφειαί in Il. must belong to a nom. ταρφειός, unless we write ταρφεῖαι, from tarfu/s.
1. to bury solemnly, Il.
1. quickness, swiftness, Hom., Hdt., Plat.
1. with fleet, swift horses, Il.
1. of motion, quick, swift, fleet, opp. to βραδύς, Hom., etc.; ταχὺς πόδας Il.; ταχὺς θείειν Hom.
2. of thought and purpose, quick, rapid, hasty, φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀςφαλεῖς Soph.; c. inf., βλάπτειν τ. Ar.; τὸ ταχύ speed, haste, Eur.
3. so of actions, events, quick, rapid, sudden, πήδημα Soph.; πόλεμος Thuc.; τ. ἐλπίδες fleeting hopes, Pind.
4. adv.,
5. regul. form τα^χέως, quickly, Il., attic
6. the adv. is also expressed by periphr., διὰ ταχέων in haste, Thuc., etc.; ἐκ ταχείας Soph.; cf. τάχος II.
7. neut. ταχύ as adv., id=Soph., etc.; more often τάχα (q. v.).
8. Degrees of Comparison:
9. comp.:
10. regul. form τα^χύτερος, η, ον, Hdt.
11. θάςςων, neut. θᾶςςον, gen. ονος, new attic θάττων, neut. θᾶττον, Hom., attic:—neut. as adv., Hom., etc.; θᾶςςον ἂν κλύοιμι sooner, i. e. rather, would I hear, Soph.; θᾶςςον also, like Lat. ocius, often stands for the Positive, οὐ θᾶςςον οἴςεις; i. e. make haste and bring, id=Soph.; ὅ τι θᾶςςον, like ὅ τι τάχιςτα, Theocr.; ἐπειδὰν θ. Plat.
12. the form ταχίων [ι_], neut. ιον, is rare in good attic
13. the regular Sup. ταχύτατος, is rare, Pind.; ταχύτατα as adv., Xen.
14. the usual form is τάχιςτος, η, ον , mostly in neut. pl. τάχιςτα as adv., ὅττι τάχιςτα as soon as possible, Lat. quam celerrime, Il.; attic ὅ τι τάχιςτα Soph., etc.:—so, ὅςον τ. Aesch.; ὡς τ. Hdt., attic; ὅπως τ. Aesch., etc.:—these are ellipt. phrases, for ὡς δυνατὸν τ. Hdt.; ὡς or ᾗ ἂν δύνωμαι τ. Xen., etc.:—also after Particles of Time, like Lat. quum primum, ἐπεί (ionic ἐπεί τε) τάχιςτα Hdt., attic; ἐπειδὴ τ. Plat., etc.; ἐπεάν or ἐπήν, ἐπάν, ἐπειδὰν τ. Hdt., etc.; ὅταν τ. Xen.
15. often also in Prose, τὴν ταχίςτην (sc. ὁδόν), as adv. by the quickest way, i. e. most quickly, Hdt., etc.
1. of bulls, oxen, or cows, Lat. taurinus, Trag.
2. of bull's-hide, Il.
1. a bull, Hom., etc.: also ταῦρος βοῦς, like ςῦς κάπρος, κίρκος ἵρηξ, Il.:— ἄπεχε τῆς βοὸς τὸν ταῦρον, oracularly of Agamemnon and his wife, Aesch.
1. and, answering to Lat. que, as καί to et. It may simply join clauses, as ὃς Χρύςην ἀμφιβέβηκας Κίλλαν τε ζαθέην, Τενέδοιό τε ἶφι ἀνάςςεις Il.; or it may be repeated as τε, . . τε . . , both . . and . . , as πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε Hom. So also τε . . , καὶ . . , as διαςτήτην Ἀτρείδης τε καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς Il., etc.: —used to show coincidence of Time, μεςαμβρίη τέ ἐςτι καὶ τὸ κάρτα γίγνεται ψυχρόν Hdt., etc.
2. the combination καί τε is peculiar to epic, and also, Hom.
3. in epic Poetry, τε is attached to many relative Pronouns or Particles, without altering their sense, as ὅςτε, ὅςος τε, γάρ τε, δέ τε, μέν τε, ἔνθα τε, ἵνα τε, etc.: in attic, this τε was dropped, except in a few words, as ἅτε, ὥςτε, ἐφ̆ ᾧτε, οἷός τε, ἔςτε.
1. to stretch by main force, to stretch to the uttermost, τόξον ἔτεινεν stretched it to its full, Il.; ἐξ ἄντυγος ἡνία τείνας having tied the reins tight to the chariot-rail, id=Il.:—Pass., [ἱμὰς] τέτατο the strap was made tight, id=Il.; ἱςτία τέτατο the sails were stretched, Od.:—absol., μὴ τείνειν ἄγαν not to strain the cord too tight, Soph.
2. metaph., ἶςον τείνειν πολέμου τέλος to strain the even tug of war, Il.:—Pass., ἐπὶ ἶςα μάχη τέτατο id=Il.; ἵπποιςι τάθη δρόμος their pace was strained to the utmost, id=Il.: also, to exert oneself, be anxious, Pind.
3. to stretch out, spread, Ζεὺς λαίλαπα τείνει Il.; νὺξ τέταται βροτοῖςιν night is spread over mankind, Od.; so, of light, τέτατο φάος Soph.; of sound, ἀμφὶ νῶτ̆ ἐτάθη πάταγος Soph.
4. to aim at, direct towards a point, properly from the bow, τείνειν βέλη id=Soph.: then, metaph., τ. φόνον εἴς τινα to aim death to one, design it for him, Eur.; τ. λόγον εἴς τινα Plat.
5. to stretch out in length, Hdt.:—Pass. to lie out at length, lie stretched, ταθεὶς ἐπὶ γαίηι Il.; ταθεὶς ἐνὶ δεςμῶι lying stretched in chains, Od.
6. to stretch or hold out, present, τινὰ ἐπὶ ςφαγάν Eur.:—Mid., τείνεςθαι χέρε to stretch out one's hands, etc., Theocr.
7. to extend, lengthen, of Time, Aesch., Eur.; τείνειν λόγον Aesch.
8. intr., of geographical position, to stretch out or extend, Hdt., Xen.:—of Time, τείνοντα χρόνον lengthening time, Aesch.
9. to exert oneself, struggle, ἐναντία τινί Plat.: to hurry on, hasten, Eur., Xen.
10. to extend to, reach, Lat. pertinere, ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχήν Plat.
11. to tend, refer, belong to, Lat. spectare ad, τείνει ἐς ςέ it refers to, concerns you, Hdt., Eur., etc.; ποῖ τείνει; to what tends it? Plat.; ἐγγύς τι τείνειν τοῦ θανάτου id=Plat.
1. to rub hard: of the effects of pain, sorrow, to wear away, wear out, distress, Hom., Aesch.:—Pass., τείροντο καμάτῳ τε καὶ ἱδρῷ Il.; τείρετο δ̆ αἰνῶς she was sore distressed, id=Il., etc.
2. intr. to suffer distress, ἦ μάλα δὴ τείρουςι υἷες Ἀχαιῶν id=Il.
1. to build a wall, Ar., etc.: c. acc. cogn., τ. τεῖχος to build it, Thuc.; so in Mid., τεῖχος ἐτειχίςςαντο they built them a wall, Il.:—Pass. to be built, Pind.: 3rd sg. plup. τετείχιςτο, impers., buildings had been erected, there were buildings, Hdt.
2. trans. to wall or fortify, τὸ οὖρος id=Hdt.; τὴν πόλιν Thuc., Dem.: in Mid., τειχίζεςθαι τὸ χωρίον Thuc.:—Pass. to be walled or fenced with walls, id=Thuc.; τὰ τετειχιςμένα the fortified parts, id=Thuc.
1. approacher of walls, i. e. stormer of cities, Il.
1. walled, high-walled, Il.
1. to fix by a mark or boundary, to ordain, decree, Hom.: to lay a task upon a person, enjoin, appoint, Od.:—c. inf. to design, purpose to do, Hhymn.
2. to judge from signs and tokens, to form a judgment respecting a thing, calculate, Eur.: absol. to conjecture, Xen.:—the reason is added in the dat., ἐμπύροις τεκμαίρεςθαι to judge by the burnt-offering, Pind.; τεκμ. ἔργωι κοὐ λόγωι τ. Aesch.; τὰ καινὰ τοῖς πάλαι Soph., etc.:—c. inf., τ. τοῦτο οὕτω ἕξειν Xen.
3. an Act. τεκμαίρω occurs in Poets, to shew by a sign or token, τεκμαίρει χρῆμ̆ ἕκαςτον circumstance proves the man, Pind.; τεκμαίρει ἰδεῖν gives signs [for men] to see, id=Pind.; τέκμηρον, ὅ τι μ̆ ἐπαμμένει παθεῖν shew me what it awaits me to suffer, Aesch.
1. of a carpenter, to make, work, frame, Il.:—absol. to do joiners' work, opp. to smiths' work, Ar., Xen.
2. of other artificers, Hhymn., Plat.
3. metaph. to devise, plan, contrive, esp. by craft, Lat. machinari, ἐτεκτήναντ̆ ἀπόφθεγκτόν μ̆ they kept me from speech of them, Eur.; πᾶν ἐπ̆ ἐμοὶ τεκταινέςθω (sc. Cleon) Ar.
4. later, Act. τεκταίνω, in same sense, Anth., Luc.; hence partic. pass. τεκταινόμενος, Ar., Dem.
1. to come into being, to be quite or fully so and so, νὺξ τελέθει Il.: —then simply to be so and so, ἀριπρεπέες τελέθουςι, μινυνθάδιοι τελ. Hom., Trag.
1. to complete, fulfil, accomplish, and, generally, to execute, perform, Lat. perficere, Hom.: —Pass., id=Hom.; ἅμα μῦθος ἔην, τετέλεςτο δὲ ἔργον "no sooner said than done, " Il.
2. to fulfil one's word, Hom.: to grant one the fulfilment of anything, τί τινι id=Hom.; τ. νόον τινί to fulfil his wish, Il.; τελέςαι κότον, χόλον to glut his fury, wrath, id=Il.: c. inf., οὐδ̆ ἐτέλεςςε φέρειν he succeeded not in bringing, id=Il.; ὅρκια τελεῖν, like ὅρκον τελευτᾶν, to complete or confirm an oath, id=Il.
3. to make perfect, ἀρετάν Pind.; τ. τινα to bless him with perfect happiness, id=Pind.; so, τελεςθεὶς ὄλβος Aesch.:—also, to bring a child to maturity, bring it to the birth, Eur.
4. to bring to an end, finish, end, ὁδόν Il., etc.; without ὁδόν, to finish one's course to a place, arrive at it, Thuc.
5. of Time, Od., etc.:— Pass., ἤματα μακρὰ τελέςθη id=Od.: of men, to come to one's end, Aesch.
6. intr. like Pass. to be fulfilled, turn out so and so, id=Aesch., Soph.
7. to pay what one owes, pay one's dues, Il.: generally, to pay, present, Hom., attic: absol. to pay tax, Hdt.:—Pass., of money, to be paid, id=Hdt.; of persons, to be subject to tax or tribute, Dem.
8. to lay out, spend, Hdt.:—Pass. to be spent or expended, id=Hdt.; ἐς τὸ δεῖπνον τετρακόςια τάλαντα τετελεςμένα laid out upon the supper, id=Hdt.
9. since, in many Greek cities, the citizens were distributed into classes acc. to their taxable property, τ. εἴς τινας meant to be rated as belonging to a class, Lat. censeri inter, τ. ἐς Ἕλληνας, ἐς Βοιωτούς to belong to the Greeks, the Boeotians, id=Hdt.; εἰς ἀςτοὺς τ. to become a citizen, Soph.; εἰς γυναῖκας ἐξ ἀνδρῶν τ. to become a woman instead of a man, Eur.: hence, πρὸς τὸν πατέρα τελέςαι to compare with his father, Hdt.
10. like τελειόω II, to make perfect, i. e. to initiate in the mysteries, Plat., Dem.:—Pass. to have oneself initiated, Lat. initiari, Ar., Plat., etc.; Διονύςῳ τελεςθῆναι to be consecrated to Dionysus, initiated in his mysteries, Hdt.:—c. acc., τελεςθῆναι Βακχεῖα Ar.
11. metaph., ςτρατηγὸς τελεςθῆναι to be formally appointed general, Dem.; τετελεςμένος ςωφροςύνῃ a votary of temperance, Xen.
12. also of sacred rites, to perform, Eur., Anth.
1. perfect, complete, of victims, ἔρδειν or ῥέζειν τεληέςςας ἑκατόμβας to offer hecatombs, either of full tale or number, or of full-grown beasts, or of beasts without blemish, Il.; τελήεντες οἰωνοί birds of sure augury, Hhymn.
2. τελήεις ποταμός, of Ocean, the river in which all others end, or ever-circling, Hes.
1. a broad strap for bearing anything
2. a leathern strap or belt, for bearing both shield or sword, Hom.
3. a broad linen bandage for wounds, Il., Hdt., Eur.; for swathing mummies, Hdt.
1. bringing to an end, τελεςφόρον εἰς ἐνιαυτόν for a year completing its round, for a complete year, Hom.; τελεςφόροι ἀραί, εὐχαί tending to accomplishment, Aesch., Eur.; φάςματα δὸς τελεςφόρα grant accomplishment to the visions, Soph.; τ. χάριν δοῦναι to grant the favour of fulfilment, id=Soph.
2. accomplishing one's purpose, Μοῖρα Aesch.; Δίκη Soph.; πεςεῖν ἐς τὸ μὴ τελεςφόρον to fall powerless to the ground, Aesch.
3. bringing fruit to perfection, δένδρον Plut.: having the ordering of a thing, c. gen., Aesch.
1. to complete, finish, accomplish, Lat. perficere, Hom.: to fulfil an oath or promise, id=Hom.; τελευτᾶν τινι κακὸν ἦμαρ to bring about an evil day for one, Od.:—so in attic, ποῖ τελευτῆςαί με χρή; to what end must I bring it? Soph.; Ζεὺς ὅ τι νεύςῃ, τοῦτο τελευτᾷ Eur., etc.:—Pass. to be fulfilled, to come to pass, happen, Hom., Eur.
2. to bring to an end, esp., τ. τὸν αἰῶνα to finish life, i. e. to die, Hdt.; τ. βίον Aesch.:—also, c. gen., τελευτᾶν βίου to make an end of life, Xen.; so, λόγου τ. Thuc.: —also without βίον, to end life, to die, Hdt., attic; τ. ὑπό τινος to die by another's hand or means, Hdt.
3. intr.
4. to be accomplished, id=Hdt.
5. to come to an end, to end, Lat. finire, id=Hdt., attic:— foll. by a prep., τ. ἔς τι to come to a certain end, issue in, Hdt., attic; ποῖ ( = ἐς τί) τελευτᾷ; in what does it end? Aesch.
6. to die, v. supr.
7. the part. τελευτῶν, ῶςα, ῶν, was used as adv., at the end, at last, τελευτῶν ἔλεγε Hdt.; κἂν ἐγίγνετο πληγὴ τελευτῶςα there would have been a fray to finish with, Soph.; τὰς ὀλοφύρςεις τελευτῶντες ἐξέκαμνον at last they got tired of mourning, Thuc.
8. of a country, to come to an end, Hdt.
1. a finishing, completion, accomplishment, Od.
2. a termination, end, Il., attic; τῆς ὁδοῦ Ar.; ἡ τ. τοῦ πολέμου Thuc.
3. esp. an end of life, βιότοιο τ. Il.; βίου Hdt., etc:—also periphr., θανάτοιο τ. the end that death brings, Lat. mortis exitus, Hes.
4. the end, event, issue, Pind., Aesch.
5. with Preps., in adv. sense, ἐς τελευτήν, at the end, at last, Hes., Soph.; ἐπὶ τελευτῆς Plat.; ἐν τελευτῇ Aesch.
6. the end, extremity of any thing, τελευταὶ Λιβύης the extremities of Libya, Hdt.
7. the end of a sentence, Arist.
1. going even to the end, ἀςπὶς τερμιόεςςα a shield that reaches from head to foot, Il.; so, χιτὼν τ. Od.
1. delighting in thunder, Il., Hes.
1. to dry up, wipe up, Il.
1. worth four steers, Il.
1. forty, Hom., etc.
2. οἱ τ. the Forty, a body of justices who went round the Attic demes to hear causes, Dem.
1. to be sorrowful, to sorrow, mourn, τετίηςθον Il.; τετιημένος (τετιημένη) ἦτορ sorrowful at heart, Hom.
2. so also in act. perf. part., τετιηότι θυμῶι with sorrowing heart, Il.; δὴν δ̆ ἄνεῳ ἦςαν τετιηότες they were long silent from grief, id=Il.
1. ῥῖψε ποδὸς τεταγών having seized him by the foot, Il.; ῥίπταςκον τεταγών id=Il.
1. four-wheeled, Hom., Hdt.
1. to bore through, pierce, perforate, Hom.:—Pass., λίθος τετρημένος Hdt.; ὁ οὐρανὸς τέτρηται the sky has holes in it, id=Hdt.; χάςμα τῆς γῆς τετρημένον a chasm formed by perforating the earth, Plat.
1. of four layers, τ. ςάκος a shield of four ox-hides, Hom.
1. fourfold, Lat. quadruplus, Plut.; τὸ τ., ͂ τετραμοιρία, Xen.
1. epith. of a helmet, prob. with four crests or plumes, Il.
1. to make by art, to execute skilfully, Od.
2. also as Pass. to be made by art, Xen.
3. to contrive or execute cunningly, Il., Soph.:—absol., θεοῦ τεχνωμένου if God contrives, Soph.:—c. inf. to contrive how to do, Thuc.
1. Lat. tuus, Hom., Hes., Hdt.: doric, Pind., and Trag. Chorus.
1. to make ready, make, build, work, Hom., Hes., Trag.;—of a cook, δεῖπνον τετυκεῖν to dress or prepare a meal, Od.; and in Mid., δεῖπνον τετυκέςθαι to have a meal prepared, Hom.:—Pass., δώματα τετεύχαται Il.; θεῶν ἐτετεύχατο βωμοί id=Il.; c. gen., χρυςοῖο τετεύχαται are wrought of gold, id=Il.; also, τετυγμένα δώματα λάεςςιν built with stones, Od.; but, δόμος αἰθούςηιςι τετυγμένος built or furnished with vestibules, Il.
2. the perf. part. τετυγμένος often passes into the sense of an adj., = tukto/s, well-made, well-wrought, Hom.; ἀγρὸς καλὸν τετ. well wrought, well tilled, Od.;—metaph., νόος τετυγμένος a ready, constant mind, id=Hom.
3. perf. act. part. once in pass. sense, ῥινοῖο τετευχώς made of hide, id=Hom.
4. of events, to cause, make, bring to pass, bring about, ὄμβρον ἠὲ χάλαζαν Il.; τ. βοήν to make a cry, Od.; τ. γάμον to bring it about, id=Od.:—Pass., esp. in perf., to be caused, and so to arise, occur, happen, exist, Hom., etc.
5. c. acc. pers. to make so and so, ἄγνωςτον τ. τινά Od.; τ. τινὰ μέγαν, εὐδαίμονα Aesch., Eur.; c. dupl. acc., τί ςε τεύξω; what shall I make of thee? Soph.;—hence in perf. pass. simply for γίγνεςθαι or εἶναι, Ζεὺς ταμίης πολέμοιο τέτυκται Il.; γυναικὸς ἄφ̆ ἀντὶ τέτυξο thou wast like a woman, id=Il.
1. the heavenly constellations, signs, only once in hom., τὰ τείρεα πάντα, τά τ̆ οὐρανὸς ἐςτεφάνωται Il.; ἐνὶ τείρεςιν αἰθέρος Hhymn.
1. a wall, esp. a wall round a city, town-wall, in sg. and pl., Hom.; τειχέων κιθῶνες coats of walls, i. e. walls one within the other, Hdt.; τεῖχος ἐλαύνειν, δέμειν Il., etc.; οἰκοδομεῖν Hdt.; τ. περιβάλλεςθαι moenia sibi circumdare, id=Hdt.; also, τ. περιβάλλεςθαι τὴν πόλιν id=Hdt.; τ. ῥήξαςθαι to breach the wall, Il.; so in Prose, τ. καθαιρεῖν, καταςκάπτειν Hdt., etc.
2. τὰ μακρὰ τείχη at Athens were lines of wall connecting the city-wall with the harbours, called respectively τὸ βόρειον or Peiraic, and τὸ νότιον or Phaleric wall.— τεῖχος, τείχη differ from toi=xos, as Lat. murus, moenia from paries, city-walls from a house-wall; cf. τειχίον.
3. any fortification, a castle, fort, Hdt.: pl. of a single fort, fortifications, id=Hdt.
4. a fortified town, id=Hdt., Xen., etc.; so in pl.
1. a tool, implement:—mostly in pl. τεύχεα,
2. implements of war, armour, arms, harness, Hom., Hes.;—so τεύχη in Trag.
3. in pl., also, the gear of a ship, tackle, Od.
4. in sg. a vessel of any kind, a bathing-tub, Aesch.; a cinerary urn, id=Aesch., Soph.; a balloting-urn, Aesch.; a vase for libations, id=Aesch.; a vase or ewer for water, Eur.; a pot or jar, Xen.; ξύλινα τ. chests, id=Xen.
5. the human frame, body, Arist.
6. a book, Anth.; hence πεντάτευχος, the Pentateuch.
1. of such an age, so old or so young, antecedent to the relat. ἡλίκος, Hom.:—c. inf., οὐ ἐπὶ ςταθμοῖςι μένειν τηλίκος not so young as to stay at home, Od.
2. so great, Lat. tantus, Anth.
1. from a far country, Od.: of places, far off, distant, Il.
1. luxuriant-growing, blooming, flourishing, ὕλη τηλεθόωςα Il.; ἐλαῖαι τηλεθόωςαι Od.; χαίτη τηλεθόωςα luxuriant hair, Il.
1. far-famed, Hom.
1. summoned from afar, Il.
1. afar, far off or away, in a far country, Hom., Hes.; τηλοῦ ἀγρῶν in a far corner of the country, Ar.
2. c. gen., mostly, far from, Od.; τ. ςέθεν far from thee, Eur.
1. from afar, from a foreign land, Il., Soph.;— τηλόθε in Pind.
2. sometimes = th=le, thlou=, Hom.; c. gen., τηλόθεν Πελειάδων far from them, Pind.
1. c. gen., τηλόθι πάτρης Il.
1. to a distance, far away, Il., Eur.
1. an only child, a darling child, Hom.; once of two sons, perhaps twins, Il.:—in Eur., τηλύγετος χθονὸς ἀπὸ πατρίδος, it means born far away, living away from, as if a compd. of τῆλυ ( = τῆλε), γενέςθαι: but the Homeric sense is opposed to this; and the deriv. remains uncertain.
1. a nurse, Il., Soph.
1. to pay honour to, hold in honour, to honour, revere, reverence, Hom., Hdt., attic:— absol. to bestow honours, Dem.:—hence, simply, to reward, Hdt., Xen.:—Pass. to be honoured, held in honour, id=Hdt.; c. gen. rei, τιμῆς τετιμῆςθαι to be held worthy of honour, Il.
2. of things, to hold in honour, value, prize, Pind., Eur.:—also = protima/w, to prefer, Aesch.
3. c. gen. pretii, to estimate, value or assess at a certain price, Thuc.:—so in Mid., Xen., etc.
4. rarely, to give as an honour, Pind., Soph.
5. as attic law-term:
6. in Act., of the judge, to estimate the amount of punishment due to the criminals, award the penalty, Lat. litem aestimare, Plat.; τ. τὴν μακράν τινι to award him the long line, i. e. sentence of death, Ar.; absol., τιμᾶν βλέπω I carry penalty in my eyes, id=Ar.:—the sentence awarded in gen., τ. τινί θανάτου (sc. δίκην) to give sentence of death against a man, i. e. to condemn him to death, Plat., Dem.; τίνος τιμήςειν αὐτῶι προςδοκᾶις τὸ δικαςτήριον; at what do you expect the court to fix his penalty? Dem.:—Pass., τιμᾶςθαι ἀργυρίου to be condemned to a fine, τινος for a thing, Lex ap. Dem., etc.
7. Mid., of the parties before the court (cf. τίμημα 2),
8. of the accuser, τιμᾶταί μοι ὁ ἀνὴρ θανάτου (sc. τὴν δίκην) he estimates the penalty due to me at death (gen. pretii), Plat., etc.
9. of the person accused, τιμήςεςθαι τοιούτου τινὸς ἐμαυτῶι to estimate the penalty due to me at so high a rate, id=Plat.
10. with acc. of the penalty or offence, πέντε μυριάδων τιμηςάμενος τὴν δίκην Plut., etc.
1. that which is paid in token of worth or value:
2. worship, esteem, honour, and in pl. honours, Hom., etc.; ἐν τ. ἄγεςθαι, τίθεςθαι τινά Hdt.; ἀπονέμειν, ἀποδοῦναι Soph., Plat.:—c. gen., ἡ τ. θεῶν the honour due to them, Aesch.
3. honour, dignity, lordship, Hom.:— the prerogative of a king, and in pl. prerogatives, Od., Trag.
4. a dignity, office, magistracy, and in pl., like Lat. honores, civil honours, Hdt., attic; οἱ ἐν τιμαῖς men in office, Eur.; τιμὴ ἄχαρις a thankless office, Hdt.
5. an authority, magistracy, τ. δίςκηπτρος, of the Atridae, Aesch., Soph.
6. a present of honour, offering, Hes., Aesch.: a reward, present, Lat. honorarium, Soph.
7. of things, worth, value, or price, Lat. pretium, ἐξευρίςκειν τιμῆς τι to get a thing at a price (i. e. a high price), Hdt.; ἐμοὶ δὲ τιμὰ τᾶςδε πᾶ γενήςεται; how shall I get payment for this? Ar.
8. an estimate of damages, compensation, ἄρνυςθαί τινι τιμήν to get one compensation, Il.; τίνειν or ἀποτίνειν τιμήν τινι to pay or make it, id=Il.; οὐ ςὴ ἡ τιμή not yours the penalty, Plat.
9. a valuation, estimate, for purposes of assessment, τοῦ κλήρου id=Plat.
1. honoured, esteemed, Hom.:—comp., τιμηέςτερος Od.
2. of things, prized, costly, Hom.: Sup. τιμηέςτατος Od.
1. to shake or brandish a weapon or shield, Il., Aesch., etc.
2. generally, to shake, τ. γαῖαν, of Poseidon, Il.; θρόνον ἐτίναξε upset the seat, Od.: of wind, to scatter, id=Od.:—Mid., τιναξάςθην πτερά they shook their wings, id=Od.:—Pass., ἐτινάςςετο Ὄλυμπος shook or quaked, Hes.
1. Indef. Pron. any one, any thing, some one, some thing; and as adj. any, some, and serving as the Indef. Art. a, an: in the latter case it agrees with its Subst., φίλος τις a friend, θεός τις a god, i. e. not a man; in the former it is followed by gen. pl., φίλων τις one of thy friends, θεῶν τις one of the gods.
2. special usages:
3. some one (of many), i. e. many a one, ὧδε δέ τις εἴπεςκεν so men said, Hom.
4. any one concerned, each one, Il.; τοὺς ξυμμάχους αὐτόν τινα κολάζειν that every man should himself chastise his own allies, Thuc.; ἄμεινόν τινος better than any others, Dem.:—this is more fully expressed by adding other pronominal words, τις ἕκαςτος Od., etc.; πᾶς τις Hdt., etc.; οὐδείς or μηδείς τις Eur., Xen.
5. in reference to a person, whom one avoids naming, δώςει τις δίκην some one I know will suffer, Ar.; so euphem. for something bad, ἤν τι ποιῶμεν, ἤν τι πάθωμεν Thuc.
6. indefinitely, where we say they, French on, μιςεῖ τις ἐκεῖνον they hate him, Dem.
7. τις, τι, emphat. of a person or thing, some great one, some great thing, ηὔχεις τις εἶναι you boasted that you were somebody, Eur.; δοκοῦςι τινὲς εἶναι Dem.; κἠγών τις φαίνομαι ἦμες I too seem to be somebody, Theocr.; so in neut., οἴονταί τι εἶναι Plat.; so, λέγειν τι to be near the mark, opp. to οὐδὲν λέγειν, id=Plat.
8. emphat. a man, opp. to a brute, τις ἢ κύων Ar.: reversely, with sense of contempt, Θερςίτης τις ἦν there was one Thersites, Soph.
9. with prop. names τις commonly signifies one of the same sort, as, ἤ τις Ἀπόλλων ἢ Πάν either an Apollo or a Pan, Aesch.; Ἀφροδίτη τις Eur.
10. with Adjs. τις takes a restrictive sense, ὥς τις θαρςαλέος ἐςςι a bold kind of fellow, i. e. very bold, Od.; δυςμαθής τις a dull sort of person, Plat.
11. with numerals, ἑπτά τινες some seven, seven or so, Thuc.; ἐς διακοςίους τινάς id=Thuc.; so without numeral, ἡμέρας τινάς some days, i. e. several, id=Thuc.; ἐνιαυτόν τινα a year or so, id=Thuc.; so, οὐ πολλοί τινες, τινες οὐ πολλοί, ὀλίγοι τινές id=Thuc.:—so also ὅςος τις χρυςός what a store of gold, Od.
12. with Pronominal words, οἷός τις what sort of a man, Il.; ποῖός and ὁποῖός τις Soph., Xen., etc.; τις τοιόςδε Hdt.; τοιοῦτός τις Xen.:— ὅταν δ̆ ὁ κύριος παρῇ τις when the lord, whoever he be, is here, Soph.:—in opposed clauses, ὁ μέν τις . . , ὁ δὲ . . Eur., Plat., etc.
13. the neut. τι is used as adv. somewhat, in any degree, at all, Il., etc.
14. ἤ τις ἢ οὐδείς few or none, next to none, Hdt.; ἤ τι ἢ οὐδέν little or nothing, Plat.
1. to stretch, τόξα τιταίνων bending his bow, Il.; so in Mid., ἐτιταίνετο τόξα was bending his bow, Hom.
2. to stretch out, ἐτίταινε τάλαντα was holding them out, Il.; ἐτίταινε τραπέζας was laying them out, Od.
3. to draw at full stretch, of horses, etc., ἅρμα τιταίνειν Il.; ἄροτρον τιταίνετον id=Il.; absol., τιταίνετον haste along, id=Il.
4. Pass. to strain or exert oneself, chiefly in part., τιταινόμενος with vehement effort, Od.; of a horse galloping, τιταινόμενος πεδίοιο stretching over the plain (ventre à terre), Il.; so of birds, τιταινομένω πτερύγεςςιν Od.
1. to wound, Hom.:—Pass., τετρῶςθαι τὸν μηρόν to have a wound in the thigh, Hdt.: —c. acc. cogn., τιτρώςκειν φόνον to inflict a death wound, Eur.
2. generally, to damage, cripple, of ships, Hdt., Thuc.
3. metaph., of wine, to do one a mischief, Eur., Xen.
1. like τεύχω, to make, make ready, prepare, τιτύςκετο πῦρ Il.; ὑπ̆ ὄχεςφι τιτύςκετο ἵππω he put two horses to the chariot, id=Il.
2. like τυγχάνω, to aim, shoot, τινός at a person, id=Il.:—absol., βάλλε τιτυςκόμενος Od.; ἄντα τιτύςκεςθαι to aim at a mark right opposite, id=Od.; so, of one putting a key into a lock, ἄντα τιτυςκομένη id=Od.
3. metaph., φρεςὶ τιτύςκεςθαι to aim at doing a thing, i. e. to purpose, design, c. inf., Hom.
1. to take upon oneself, to bear, suffer, undergo: c. acc. rei, ἔτλην οἷ̆ οὔπω καὶ ἄλλος Il.; ἔτλην ἀνέρος εὐνήν I submitted to be wedded to a man, id=Il.; τλῆ ὀϊςτόν submitted to be wounded by it, id=Il.; ἔτλα πένθος Pind., etc.
2. absol. to hold out, endure, be patient, submit, Hom.; esp. in imperat., τέτλαθι, μῆτερ ἐμή Il.; τλῆτε, φίλοι Od.; in part., τετληότι θυμῶι with patient soul, id=Od.; κραδίη τετληυῖα id=Od.
3. c. inf. to dare or venture to do, id=Od., Pind., etc.:—in attic Poets, to dare to do a thing good or bad, hence either to have the courage, hardihood, effrontery, cruelty, or to have the grace, patience, to do anything, ἔς τε δὴ ἔτλην γεγωνεῖν till I took courage to tell, Aesch.; ἔτλα ἀλλάξαι submitted to exchange, Soph.; οὐδ̆ ἔτλης ἐφυβρίςαι nor hadst thou the cruelty to insult, id=Soph.; οὐ γὰρ ἂν τλαίην ἰδεῖν I could not bear to see, Ar.
4. c. acc. rei, to dare a thing, i. e. dare to do it, ἄτλητα τλᾶςα Aesch.; εἰ καὶ τοῦτ̆ ἔτλη Soph.
5. c. part., τάδε τέτλαμεν εἰςορόωντες Od.
1. suffering, enduring, patient, stout-hearted, of Ulysses, Il.; so Pind., etc.
2. bold, daring, hardy, reckless, Il., Trag.
3. suffering, wretched, miserable, Trag., Xen.
4. adv. tlhmo/nws, patiently, Aesch., Eur., etc.
1. act. suffering, enduring, patient, steadfast, Il.
2. pass., with a negat., οὐ τλ. not to be endured, intolerable, Trag.
1. to cut, cleave: Mid., ὁδὸν ἐτμήξαντο cut their way, Anth.
2. metaph. in aor2 pass. to be divided or dispersed, to part, Il.
1. by cutting, so as to cut, Il.
1. such as this, anteced. to οἷος, Od., etc.; to ὅςος, Il.: absol., with an intensive sense, so great, so noble, so bad, etc., id=Il., attic; τοιοῦτος ὤν being such a wretch, Soph.:—c. gen., τοιοῦτος Ἀχαιῶν such a man among them, Il.:— τοιοῦτός ἐςτι or γίγνεται εἴς or περί τινα he is so disposed towards any one, Xen., etc.:—strengthd., τ. ἕτερος just such another, Hdt.; ἄλλους τοιούτους id=Hdt.: —with the Art., οἱ τοιοῦτοι Aesch., etc.
2. the sense is made more indef. in τοιοῦτός τις or τις τοιοῦτος such a one, Pind., Thuc., etc.; τοιαῦτ̆ ἄττα Plat.
3. τοιοῦτον or τὸ τ. such a proceeding, Thuc.; διὰ τὸτ. for such a reason, id=Thuc., etc.
4. in narrative, τοιαῦτα properly refers to what goes before, Aesch., etc.:—after a question, τοιαῦτα affirms like ταῦτα, just so, even so, Eur.
5. τοιαῦτα absol., τὰ πλοῖα, τὰ τοιαῦτα ships and such-like, Dem.
6. τοιαῦτα as an adv., in such wise, Soph.
1. anteced. to οἷος, as ἀοιδοῦ τοιοῦδ̆ οἷος ὅδ̆ ἐςτί of such a minstrel as is this one, Od.; absol., ἀλλ̆ ὅδ̆ ἐγὼ τοιόςδε here am I such as you see, id=Od.:—also, so great, so noble, so bad, τοιάδε λαίφη such clothes, i. e. so bad, id=Od.; τοςόςδε καὶ τοιόςδε Hdt.:—also with a qualifying word, τοιόςδ̆ ἠμὲν δέμας ἠδὲ καὶ ἔργα such both in form and works, Od.:—with the Art., ὁ τ. ἀνήρ Aesch., etc.; οἱ τοιοίδε Soph.; ἐν τῷ τοιῷδε in such circumstances, Hdt.:—the sense is made more indef. in τοιόςδε τις such a one, Thuc.:—neut. pl. τοιάδε as follows, τοιαῦτα as aforesaid, Hdt.
1. one who begets, a father, Hes.; generally, a parent, Aesch.:—mostly, in pl. τοκεῖς epic τοκῆες, parents, Hom., Hdt., Trag., etc.;—in dual, τοκῆε δύω Od.
1. to undertake, take heart either to do or bear anything terrible or difficult, Hom., etc.:—absol. to hold out, endure, be patient, submit, id=Hom., attic:—c. acc. rei, to endure, undergo, Theogn., Eur.
2. c. inf. to have the courage, hardihood, effrontery, cruelty, or the grace, patience, to do a thing in spite of any natural feeling, to venture, dare to do, Hom., attic
3. sometimes c. part., ἐτόλμα βαλλόμενος he submitted to be struck, Od.; τόλμα ἐρῶςα Eur.
4. c. acc., τολμᾶν πόλεμον to undertake, venture on it, Od.; τοιαῦτα, πάντα τ. Trag.; also, τ. τὰ βέλτιςτα Thuc.: Pass., οἷ̆ ἐτολμήθη πατήρ such things as my father had dared (or done) against him, Eur.
1. properly, to wind off wool into a clew for spinning: metaph. to wind off, achieve, accomplish, ἐγὼ δὲ δόλους τολυπεύω, of Penelope's web (where there is a play on the literal sense), Od.; τ. πόλεμον Hom.
1. the end left after cutting, the stump of a tree, Il.; δοκοῦ τ. the end of a beam, Thuc.; λίθοι ἐν τομῇ ἐγγώνιοι stones cut square, id=Thuc.; so, τομῇ προςθεῖςα βόςτρυχον having fitted the lock to the place from which it was cut, Aesch.
2. a cutting, hewing, cleaving, ἐν τομᾷ ςιδήρου by stroke of iron, Soph.; φαςγάνου τομαί Eur.:—as a surgical operation, τομῇ χρῆςθαι Plat.; διὰ καύςεών τε καὶ τομῶν by cautery and the knife, id=Plat.
1. to shoot with the bow, τινός at a mark, Il., Soph.; εἴς τινα Hdt.:—metaph. to aim at, c. gen., Eur.:—absol. to use the bow, Hdt., Thuc., etc.; καθ̆ ὑπερβολὰν τοξεύςας having shot too high, Soph.
2. c. acc. to shoot or hit with an arrow, τινά Eur., Xen.:—Pass. to be struck by an arrow, Thuc.
3. c. acc. rei, to shoot from a bow: metaph., to discharge, send forth, ὕμνους Pind.; ταῦτα ἐτόξευςεν μάτην hath shot these arrows in vain, Eur.: —Pass., πᾶν τετόξευται βέλος Aesch.
1. bowmanship, archery, Il., Eur.
1. bow-bearing, Il., Eur., etc.: — ὁ τοξοφόρος ͂ τοξότης, Hdt.
1. a bowman, archer, Il., Hdt., Trag., etc.
2. the Archer, Sagittarius, a sign in the Zodiac, Luc.
3. at Athens, οἱ τοξόται were the city-guard, also called Σκύθαι, because they were slaves bought from the parts north of Greece, Ar., etc.
1. to bore through, pierce, Il.
2. metaph. to proclaim in shrill piercing tones, in redupl. fut. τετορήςω, Ar.: cf. τορός.
3. like τορνεύω, to work, shape, Anth.
1. Dep. to mark off with the τόρνος, to make round, τορνώςαντο ςῆμα they rounded off the barrow, Il.; ὅςςον τίς τ̆ ἔδαφος νηὸς τορνώςεται large as the bottom of a ship which a man shall round off, with allusion to the round shape of a merchant-vessel (cf. γαυλός), Od.
1. so many times, so often, Il.
1. = to/sos in all senses, but with a stronger demonstr. force, Hom., etc.; of persons, so large, so tall, καί ςε τοςοῦτον ἔθηκα Il.; so great in rank, skill,or character, Soph., etc.:—in pl. so many, Hom.,etc.:—also τοςοῦτος μέγαθος so large, Hdt.; τοςοῦτος τὸ βάθος so deep, Xen.:—with numeral Advs., δὶς τ.,πολλάκις τ., etc., Thuc., etc.; ἕτερον τοςοῦτο as large again, Hdt.
2. neut. as Subst., so much, thus much, τοςςοῦτον ὀνήςιος Od.; τοςαῦτ̆ ἔλεξε Aesch.; —with Preps., διὰ τοςούτου at so small a distance, Thuc.;— ἐς τοςοῦτο so far, Lat. hactenus, eatenus, Hdt., etc.;— ἐκ τ. from so far, so far off, Xen.;— ἐν τοςούτῳ in the meantime, Ar.;— ἐπὶ τοςοῦτο so far, Hdt.;— κατὰ τοςοῦτον so far, Plat.;— μέχρι τοςούτου so far, so long, Thuc.;— παρὰ τοςοῦτον κινδύνου into such imminent danger, id=Thuc.
3. neut. also as adv., so much, so far, Od., Soph., etc.
4. so much, Hom., Thuc., etc.:—but τοςούτῳ is more common with Comparatives, Hdt., etc.
1. c. inf. so strong, so able, to do a thing, Od.
2. neut. τοςόνδε, epic τοςςόνδε, as adv. so very, so much, Hom., etc.; of Time, so long, Aesch.
3. as Subst., τοςόνδ̆ ἔχεις τόλμης Soph.
1. at times, now and then, τοτὲ μὲν . . , τοτὲ δὲ . . , at one time . . , at another . . , Od., Aesch., etc.; τοτ̆ ἄλλος, ἄλλοθ̆ ἅτερος Soph.; τοτὲ μὲν . . , αὖθις δὲ . . , Plat.
1. for that reason, therefore, Hom., etc.
2. interrog., for τίνος ἕνεκα; wherefore? Anth.
1. demonstr. Pron., antecedent to relat. οἷος, Lat. talis, of such kind or quality, such, such-like, τοῖος ἐών, οἷος οὖτις Ἀχαιῶν (sc. ἐςτίν) Il., etc.:— τοῖος in Hom. mostly refers to something gone before, such as is said, id=Hom.
2. with qualifying words, τοῖος χεῖρας such in his hands, Od.; τεύχεςι τοῖος Il.; τοῖος, c. inf., such as to do, i. e. fit or able to do, Od.
3. with an adj. of the same gender and case, it increases the sense of the adj., ἐπιεικὴς τοῖος just of moderate size, Il.; πέλαγος μέγα τοῖον a sea so large, Od.; κερδαλέος τοῖος so very crafty, id=Od.
4. neut. τοῖον as adv. so, thus, so very, so much, Hom.; —so, τοίως, Theocr.
1. the wall of a house or court, Lat. paries, Hom., attic:—in pl. the sides of a ship, Od., Eur., etc.:—of the human body, Eur.
2. proverb., ὁ εὖ πράττων τοῖχος = "the right side of the hedge, " Ar.
1. four-legged a table, esp. a dining-table, Hom., Hdt., etc.; ξενίη τρ. the hospitable board, Od.; τραπέζῃ καὶ κοίτῃ δέκεςθαι to entertain at bed and board, Hdt.; Περςικὴν τράπεζαν παρετίθετο he kept a table in the Persian fashion, Thuc.; εἰς ἀλλοτρίαν τράπεζαν βλέπειν to live at other men's table, Xen.
2. a table, as implying what is upon it, a dinner, meal, Hdt., etc.; Συρακοςία τρ., proverb. of luxurious living, Hor. Siculae dapes, Plat.
3. a money-changer's table, a bank, Lat. mensa argentaria, id=Plat., etc.; ἡ ἐγγύη ἡ ἐπὶ τὴν τρ. security given to the bank, Dem.; οἱ ἐπὶ ταῖς τραπέζαις bankers, Isocr.
1. Lat. tremo, to tremble, quake, quiver, Il., Eur.:—c. inf. to tremble or fear to do, Aesch., Soph.: —c. acc. to tremble at, fear, Soph., Eur., etc.
1. to turn or direct towards a thing, Hom., etc.; mostly followed by a prep., τρ. τινὰ εἰς εὐνήν to shew him to bed, Od.; τρ. πόλεις ἐς ὕβριν Thuc.; τρ. κεφαλὴν πρὸς ἠέλιον Od.
2. Pass. to turn one's steps, turn in a certain direction, τραφθῆναι ἀν̆ Ἑλλάδα to roam up and down Greece, Od.; c. acc. cogn., τρέπεςθαι ὁδόν to take a course, Hdt.
3. Pass. also to turn or betake oneself, εἰς ἀοιδήν Od.; ἐπὶ ἔργα Il.; ἐφ̆ ἁρπαγήν Thuc.; πρὸς ληιςτείαν id=Thuc.
4. Pass. and Mid., of places, to be turned or look in a certain direction, πρὸς ζόφον Od.; πρὸς ἄρκτον, πρὸς νότον Hdt., etc.
5. to turn, i. e. turn about, τρέπειν ἵππους Il.; τὰ καλὰ τρ. ἔζω to turn the best side outmost, Pind.:—Pass., αἰχμὴ τράπετο the point bent back, Il.; of the solstice, ἐπειδὰν ἐν χειμῶνι τράπηται ἥλιος (v. troph/ I) Xen.
6. τρ. τὴν αἰτίαν, τὴν ὀργὴν εἴς τινα to divert the blame, the anger upon another, Isae., Dem.:—Pass., in imprecations, ἐς κεφαλὴν τρέποιτο ἐμοί on my head be it! Ar.
7. to turn another way, to alter, change, νόον, φρένας Hom., etc.; ἐς γέλων τρ. τὸ πρᾶγμα Ar.:—Pass. to be changed, change, Hom., etc.; c. acc. cogn., τρεπόμενος τροπάς undergoing changes, Aeschin.
8. to turn or put to flight, rout, defeat, Il., Hdt., etc.; τρ. φύγαδε, Lat. convertere in fugam, Il.; τρ. ἐς φυγήν Eur.;—so, in aor1 mid., to put an enemy to flight, Xen.:—Pass. to be put to flight, turn and flee, Aesch., Xen., etc.; so in Mid., ἐς φυγὴν τραπέςθαι Hdt., Thuc.:—also intr. in Act., φύγαδ̆ ἔτραπε Il.
9. to turn away, keep off, hinder, τρ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τείχεος id=Il.; βέλος ἔτραπεν ἄλληι id=Il.
10. to overturn, like ἀνατρέπω, Aesch.
11. to turn, apply, τρ. τι ἐς ἄλλο τι Hdt.; ποῦ τέτροφας τὰς ἐμβάδας; what have you made of your shoes? Ar.:—Pass., ποῖ τρέπεται τὰ χρήματα; id=Ar.
1. to thicken or congeal a liquid, γάλα θρέψαι to curdle it. Od.; τυρὸν τρέφειν Theocr.:—Pass., with intr. perf. act. τέτροφα, to become firm, περὶ χροὶ̈ τέτροφεν ἄλκη Od.
2. to make to grow or increase, to bring up, breed, rear, Hom., etc.; c. acc. cogn., τρ. τινὰ τροφήν τινα to bring up in a certain way, Hdt.:—Mid. to rear for oneself, Od., etc.:—Pass. to reared, grow up, Hom.; κάρτιςτοι τράφεν ἄνδρες grew up the strongest men, Il.; ἐξ ὅτου ̆τράφην ἐγώ from the time when I left the nursery, Ar.; μιᾶς τρέφει πρὸς νυκτός, i. e. art a child of night, Soph.
3. of slaves, horses, dogs and the like, to rear and keep them, Hom., etc.; τρ. παιδαγωγούς Aeschin.; τρ. γυναῖκα Eur.;—metaph., αἰγιαλὸν ἔνδον τρέφει he keeps quite a sea-beach in the house, Ar.:—Pass. to bred, reared, Soph.
4. to let grow, cherish, foster, χαίτην τρέφε Il.; τρ. ὑπήνην Ar.; τρ. κόμην ͂ κομᾶν, Hdt.;—also, τάδ̆ ὕεςςι τρέφει ἀλοιφήν this is what puts fat on swine, Od.
5. of earth and sea, to produce, teem with, χθὼν τρέφει φάρμακα id=Od.; θάλαςςα τρέφουςα πορφύραν Aesch.
6. to have within oneself, to contain, keep, have, ὅ τι πόλις τέτροφεν ἄφιλον Soph.; τρέφειν τὴν γλῶςςαν ἡςυχωτέραν to keep his tongue more quiet, id=Soph.; νόςον τρ. id=Soph.; οἵας λατρείας τρέφει what services she constantly performs, id=Soph.
7. maintain, support, τρ. hλιος χθονὸς φύςιν Aesch.; τρ. τὸν πατέρα Aeschin.: esp. to maintain an army or navy, Thuc., Xen.
8. aor2 act. in intr. sense, ἔτραφον = pass. ἐτράφην, ὃς ἔτραφ̆ ἄριςτος Il.; τραφέμεν (ionic for τραφεῖν) Hom.
9. so perf. τέτροφα, v. supr. I.
1. to run, Lat. curro, Hom., etc.:—of horses, Il.:—of things, to run, move quickly, Hom., etc.
2. c. acc. loci, to run over, Eur., Xen.
3. c. acc. cogn., τρ. δρόμον, ἀγῶνα to run a course, a heat, Eur., etc.: often metaph., ἀγῶνα δρ. to run a risk, id=Eur.; πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας δραμεῖν περὶ ςφέων αὐτέων to run many risks for their lives, Hdt.:—sometimes the acc. is omitted, τρ. περὶ ἑωυτοῦ to run the risk of his life, id=Eur.; τρ. περὶ τῆς νίκης Xen.
4. παρ̆ ἓν πάλαιςμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν he was within one bout of carrying off the victory, Hdt.
1. to flee from fear, flee away, Il.; μὴ τρέςας without fear, Aesch.; οὐδὲν τρέςας Plat.:— τρέςας is used like a Subst., a runaway, coward, Il.; Ἀριςτόδημος ὁ τρέςας Hdt.
2. trans. to flee from, fear, dread, be afraid of, c. acc., Il., Trag., Xen.
1. timorous, shy, Hom.
1. a trident, the badge of Poseidon, Hom.
1. to rub: to rub or thresh corn, Il.; μοχλὸν τρῖψαι ἐν ὀφθαλμῶι to work round the stake in his eye, Od.; χρυςὸν βαςάνωι τρ. to rub it on a touchstone, so as to test its purity (cf. παρατρίβω), Theogn.:—Mid., χρηςτηρίοις ἐν τοῖςδε τρίβεςθαι μύςος to rub one's pollution upon these shrines, pollute them with it, Aesch.
2. to rub down, grind, pound, Ar., etc.
3. to crush, βότρυν id=Ar.
4. to wear out by rubbing: Pass., of a road, to wear or tread it smooth, ἀτραπὸς τετριμμένη id=Ar.
5. of Time, to wear away, spend, Lat. terere vitam, Soph., Eur.:— absol. to waste time, tarry, Aesch.
6. to waste or ravage a country, Eur.
7. metaph.,
8. of persons, to wear out, Hes.: Pass. to be worn out, Il., Thuc.:—Mid., τρίψεςθαι αὐτὴν περὶ αὑτήν to wear itself out by internal struggles, id=Thuc.:—Pass., τριβόμενος ληός an oppressed people, Hdt.
9. of money and property, to waste, squander it, id=Hdt.
10. to use constantly, Ar.
11. Pass. to be much busied or engrossed with a thing, Hdt.
1. with three pupils: then, of earrings, with three bright drops, Hom.
1. of animals, to utter a shrill cry, to scream, cry, of young birds, Il.; of bats, Od.; of ghosts (which, in Shaksp., "squeak and gibber"), Hom., etc.
2. of other sounds, νῶτα τετρίγει (epic plup.) the wrestlers' backs cracked, Il.; τρ. τοὺς ὀδόντας to gnash the teeth, NTest.; of a musical string, to twang, Anth.
1. thrice (i. e. often or earnestly) prayed for, Il.
1. triple, threefold, Lat. triplex, Il.
1. thrice ploughed, Hom., Hes.
1. three-footed, of or with three feet: and so
2. measuring three feet, Hdt., Plat.
3. going on three feet, of an old man who leans on a staff, Hes.; so, τρίποδας ὁδοὺς ςτείχει Aesch.
4. with three feet, three-legged:
5. a tripod, a three-footed brass kettle or caldron, Hom.: —from a tripod of this kind (Lat. cortina) the Delphic Priestess delivered her oracles, Eur., Ar.
6. a three-legged table, Xen.
1. threefold, Lat. triplex, Il., Eur.
1. thrice, three times, Lat. ter, Hom., etc.; τρὶς τόςος thrice as much or many, Il., etc.; ἐς τρίς up to three times, even thrice, Hdt., attic: —used to add force to a word in compds., such as τριςάθλιος, τρίςμακαρ, like Lat. ter beatus, thrice blest: — proverb., τρὶς ἓξ βάλλειν to throw thrice six, i. e. the highest throw (there being three dice), Aesch.
1. the third, Lat. tertius, Hom., etc.; τρίτος ἦλθε he came himself the third, i. e. with two others, Od.; so, τρίτος αὐτός, attic:— the third often appears as completing the tale, τρίτην ἐπενδίδωμι (sub. πληγήν) the third and finishing stroke, Aesch.; cf. ςωτήρ I. 2.
2. τρίτη, with or without ἡμέρα, the day after to-morrow, ἐς τρίτην ἡμέραν Ar.; τῇ τρίτῃ Xen.;—but, χθὲς καὶ τρ. ἡμέραν yesterday and the day before, id=Xen.
3. τρίτον as adv., thirdly, Soph., Eur., etc.; also, τὸ τρίτον Hom., attic
4. τρίτα, ων, τά,
5. (sub. ἱερά) a sacrifice to the dead, offered the third day after the funeral, Isae.
6. τὰ τρίτα λέγειν τινί to play the third part to any one, Dem.
1. threefold, in three parts, Lat. trifariam, Hom.; c. gen., τρ. νυκτὸς ἔην 'twas in the third watch of the night, Od.; τρίχα ςχίζειν τι Hdt.
1. at, of a table, κύνες τραπεζῆες (ionic for τραπεζεῖς) dogs fed from their master's table, Hom.
1. properly, well-fed, οἱ τραφεροί or τὰ τραφερά the fat ones, i.e. fishes, Theocr.
2. τραφερή (sub. γῆ), as Subst. the dry land, land, ἐπὶ τραφερήν τε καὶ ὑγρήν Hom.
1. rugged, rough, Lat. asper, Hom., etc.; as epith. of Ithaca, Od.; cf. Τραχίς:—also, rough, shaggy, Xen.:—of a bit, rough, sharp, id=Xen.: of the voice of boys, when it breaks, Plut.
2. rough, harsh, savage, Pind., Aesch., etc.
3. adv. tra_xe/ws, ionic τρηχέως, roughly, Hdt.; τραχέως ἔχειν to be rough, Isocr.; τρ. φέρειν, Lat. aegre ferre, Plut.
1. thirteen, Hdt., attic; also written divisim, gen. τριῶν καὶ δέκα, dat. τριςὶ καὶ δέκα, etc.:—an indecl. form τριςκαίδεκα occurs, in all genders and cases, Hom., Ar., etc.
1. Lat. tres, tria, three, Hom., etc.
1. perforated, with a hole in it, Od.; τρητὰ λέχεα, prob. inlaid bedsteads, or having holes through which the cords that supported the bedding were drawn:— τρητὸς μελιςςῶν πόνος, i. e. the honeycomb, Pind.; τρ. λίθαξ pumice-stone, Anth.
1. thirty, Lat. triginta, Hom., etc.
2. οἱ τριάκοντα,
3. at Sparta, the council of thirty, assigned to the kings, Xen.
4. at Athens, the Thirty, commonly called the thirty tyrants, appointed on the taking of Athens (B C. 404), Plat., etc.
1. three hundred, Hom., Hdt., etc.; also with collective noun in sg., ἵππος τρ. Xen.
2. οἱ τρ. at Athens, the richest members of the ςυμμορίαι, who managed their affairs, Dem.
3. the Three Hundred, who fell at Thermopylae, Hdt.
1. three-barbed, Il.
1. triple, threefold, ἐν τριπλαῖς ἀμαξιτοῖς ͂ ἐν τριόδῳ, Soph.; ὄνομα τρ. compounded of three, Arist.:—attic neut. pl. τριπλᾶ, Aesch.:—dat. fem. τριπλῇ as adv., Il., Luc.
1. thirteenth, Hom., etc.; ἡ τριςκαιδεκάτη (sc. ἡμέρα) the 13 th day, Od.
1. in three rows, Il., Hes.
1. three thousand, Il., etc.
1. in or into three parts, Hom.
1. to tremble, quake, quiver, esp. from fear, Il.:—c. inf. to fear to do, Theocr.
2. c. acc. to tremble before or at a person, to stand in awe of, Hom.
1. to turn, Il.
1. well-fed: hence large, big, of waves, Hom.
1. with acc. of the fruit or crop, to gather in, Lat. vindemiare, ἑτέρας [ςταφυλὰς] τρυγόωςιν Od.; καρπόν Hdt.:—metaph., τρυγήςομεν αὐτήν (sc. Εἰρήνην) Ar.:—Pass., τετρυγημένοι καθ̆ ὥραν gathered in due season, Luc.
2. absol., Ar.
3. with acc. of the trees or ground, ὅτε τρυγόῳεν ἀλωήν (epic opt. for τρυγῷεν) when they gathered fruit off the vineyard, Il.
4. proverb., ἐρήμας τρυγᾶν (sc. ἀμπέλους) to strip unwatched vines, i. e. to be bold where there is nothing to fear, Ar.
1. a helmet, Il.
1. to turn constantly, change its notes, of the nightingale, Od.:—Mid. to turn oneself, turn about, Hom.
1. to be wounded, vulnerable, Il., attic
1. to run fast, gallop, Hom.
1. a trembling, quaking, quivering, esp. from fear, Il., Aesch.
2. from cold, Plat.
1. well-fed, stout, large, τρόφι κῦμα a huge, swollen wave, Il.; of men, ἐπεὰν γένωνται τρόφιες οἱ παῖδες when the children grow big, Hdt.
1. to hit, esp. to hit a mark with an arrow, Hom., etc.: he mostly constructs it with acc., when the object hit is alive, with gen. when it is lifeless; so, τ. τοῦ ςκοποῦ Xen.;—a prep. is sometimes added, κατὰ κληῖδα, κατὰ ζωςτῆρα τυχήςας [τινά] Il.;—absol., ἤμβροτες οὐδ̆ ἔτυχες id=Hom.; the part. τυχών is often joined with βάλλειν, οὐτᾶν, etc., id=Hom.
2. to hit upon, light upon:
3. to meet by chance, meet with, fall in with a person, absol., Od.; c. gen., Aesch., etc.:—aor2 part. ὁ τυχών, the first one meets, any one, Lat. quivis, Hes., Plat., etc.; οἱ τυχόντες every-day men, the vulgar, Xen.; so, τὸ τυχόν any chance thing, Plat.
4. to meet with, hit, reach, gain, get, obtain a thing, and in the past tenses (like κέκτημαι), to be in possession of, to have, c. gen., Od., etc.:—after Hom. also c. acc., τ. μιςθόν Hdt.; τὰ πρόςφορα Aesch., etc.:—gen. pers. added, to obtain a thing from a person, τ. τί τινος Soph.; τινὸς παρά τινος Od.
5. also in bad sense, βίης τυχεῖν to meet with, suffer violence, Hdt.; τ. κακῶν Eur.
6. absol. to hit the mark, to make a hit, Il., attic; so, τυχόντες καλῶς Aesch.
7. to have the lot or fate, ὅς κε τύχηι whoever draws the lot (to die), Il.
8. intr. to happen to be at a place, εἴπερ τύχηιςι μάλα ςχεδόν if by chance she be quite near, Il. etc.
9. of events, and things generally, to happen to one, befal one, fall to one's lot, c. dat. pers., id=Il., attic; also to turn out well, Od.
10. impers., ὅπως ἐτύγχανεν as it chanced, i. e. without any rule, indefinitely, Eur.; ὡς or ὥςπερ ἔτυχεν Xen.; ὁπότε τύχοι when it chanced, sometimes, Plat.
11. joined with a part., τὰ νοέων τυγχάνω which I have just now in my mind, Hdt.; ὃ τυγχάνω μαθών which I have just learnt, Soph.; ἔτυχον ςτρατευόμενοι they were just then engaged in an expedition, Thuc.;—in phrase τυγχάνω ὤν, simply = ei)mi/, Aesch., Soph., etc.
12. the part. is often omitted, ἔνδον γὰρ ἄρτι τυγχάνει (sc. ὤν) Soph.; εἰ ςὺ τυγχάνεις ἐπιςτήμων Plat.:—sometimes indeed τυγχάνειν is used very much like εἶναι, τ. ἐν ἐμπύροις to be engaged in sacrifice, Eur.; ὡς ἕκαςτοι ἐτύγχανον just as they all were, Xen.
13. in many phrases it is easy to supply a part., ὅ τι ἂν τύχωςι, τοῦτο λέγουςι they say whatever comes uppermost (i. e. ὅ τι ἂν τύχωςι λέγοντες), Plat.
14. neut. part. τυχόν, absol. like παρόν, since it so befel, Luc.
15. as adv. perchance, perhaps, Xen., Plat.
1. τυκτὸν κακόν created to be an evil, a born plague, Il.; τυκτὴ κρήνη a fountain made by man's hand, Od.: then, like εὔτυκτος, well-made, well-wrought, Hom.
1. the throwing up a cairn, Il.
1. a blow, wound, in pl., Il.
1. cheese, Hom., Ar., etc.
1. little, small, of children, Hom., Aesch.; τ. θηρίον of a bee, Theocr., etc.
2. τυτθόν, as adv. a little, a bit, Hom.; τ. ἔτι ζώων breathing yet a little, Il.; τ. ἐδεύηςεν it wanted a little, Od.:—of the voice, softly, gently, Il.
3. by a little, scarcely, hardly, Lat. vix; id=Il.; so neut. pl., Aesch.
4. τυτθὰ διατμῆξαι, κεάςςαι to cut small, Od.
1. blind, Il., etc.:—c. gen., τ. τινος blind to a thing, Xen.:— τὰ τυφλὰ τοῦ ςώματος, i. e. one's back, id=Xen.:—of the limbs of the blind, τ. πούς, χείρ Eur.; cf. τυφλόπους.
2. of things, blind, dark, obscure, Aesch., Soph.; τ. ςπιλάδες blind rocks, Anth.
3. of channels, blind, i. e. closed, choked with mud, Plut.
4. adv., τυφλῶς ἔχειν πρός τι to be blind to it, Plat.
1. antecedent to relat. ὅθι (being an old locat. case of ὁ): — there, in that place, Od., Pind.
2. also for relat. ὅθι, where, Pind.
1. a bringing forth, childbirth, parturition, Il.; in pl., Soph., Eur.
2. the time of parturition, Hdt.
3. the offspring, young, a child, son, Hom., Aesch., etc.
4. metaph. the produce of money lent out, interest, Lat. usura, Ar., etc.; ἐπὶ τόκῳ or ἐπὶ τόκον δανείζεςθαι to borrow at interest, Dem.; τόκοι τόκων compound interest, Ar.
5. the produce of land, Xen.
1. a bow, Hom.; often in pl., because the ancient bow was of two pieces of horn joined by the πῆχυς in the middle; τόξα τιταίνειν or ἕλκειν to draw the bow, Il.:—as the bow was specially the Oriental weapon, τόξου ῥῦμα meant the Persians, opp. to λόγχης ἰςχύς (the Greek spearmen), Aesch.: —metaph., τόξῳ by guess, id=Aesch.
2. in pl. also, bow and arrows, Hom., Hdt., etc.
3. metaph., τόξα ἡλίου its rays, Eur.
1. antecedent to relat. ὅςος; Lat. tantus: of Size, Space, Quantity, so great, so vast: of Time, so long: of Number, in pl., so many: of Sound, so loud: of Degree, so much, so very:— often in Hom. and Hes., οὔτι τόςος γε ὅςος Αἴας not so huge as Ajax, Il.: absol. just so much or just so many, Od.; τρὶς τόςςα δῶρα thrice as many gifts, Il.; δὶς τόςα κακά Soph.
2. used for ὅςος, Lat. quantus, Pind.
3. τόςον and τόςςον as adv., so much, so far, so very, Lat. tantum, τ. πλέες so many more, Il., etc.
4. ἐκ τόςου so long since, Hdt.
5. τόςῳ with a comp., and by so much more, Thuc.
6. regul. adv., δὶς τόςως Eur.
1. at that time, then, Lat. tunc, Antec. to Relat. ὅτε or ὁπότε, opp. to νῦν, Il., Hom., etc.:—also in indef. sense, in those times, formerly, Soph., etc.; τότ̆ ἢ τότε at one time or other, Aesch., Eur.
2. joined with other Particles, καὶ τότε δή Hom.; καὶ τότ̆ ἔπειτα Il.; τότε δή ῥα Od., etc.; τότ̆ ἤδη then at length, Hes.
3. with the Article, οἱ τότε the men of that time, Il., etc.; οἱ τότε ἄνθρωποι Hdt.; τῇ τόθ̆ ἡμέρᾳ Soph.; ἐν τῷ τότε (sc. χρόνῳ) Thuc.
4. εἰς τότε until then, Dem.; ἐκ τότε or ἐκτότε since then, Plut.
1. demonstr. adv. of Time, up to or during that time, so long, antecedent to relat. ὄφρα, Il.
2. absol. meanwhile, Hom.
1. a sepulchral mound, cairn, barrow, Lat. tumulus, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. generally, a tomb, grave, Aesch.; ὥςπερ ἀπὸ τύμβου πεςών like an old grave-man, Ar.
3. also the tombstone with the figure of the dead, Eur.
4. of an old man, Eur., Ar.
1. to beat, strike, smite, Il., etc.; ἅλα τύπτον ἐρετμοῖς Od.; ἴχνια τύπτειν to tread in his very track, Il.:—absol., Ζέφυρος λαίλαπι τύπτων the west wind beating, lashing with fury, id=Il.
2. metaph., ἄχος κατὰ φρένα τύψε sharp grief smote him to the heart, id=Il.; ἡ ἀληθηίη ἔτυψε Καμβύςεα Hdt., etc.
3. Mid., like κόπτομαι, Lat. plangor, to beat one's breast for grief, id=Hdt.; c. acc. pers. to mourn for a person, id=Hdt.
4. Pass. to be beaten, struck or wounded, Hom., etc.; to be stung, Xen.
5. c. acc. cogn. to receive blows or wounds, ἕλκεα, ὅςς̆ ἐτύπη Il.; τύπτομαι πολλάς (sc. πληγάς) I get many blows, Ar.; so c. dat., καιρίηι (sc. πληγῆι) τετύφθαι Hdt.
1. to raise a smoke, καπνὸν τ. Hdt.:—absol. to smoke, Soph.
2. trans. to smoke out, τοὺς ςφῆκας Ar.
3. metaph., καπνῶι τ. πόλιν to fill the town with smoke, id=Ar.
4. to consume in smoke, to burn slowly, Eur.:—Pass. to smoulder, id=Eur.:—metaph., τυφόμενος πόλεμος smouldering, but not yet broken out, Plut.; so of concealed love, Anth.
1. demonstr. adv., so, in this wise, Hom., Hes., Aesch.
2. doric = ou(=, where, Theocr.
1. take, in Hom. always followed by a second imperat., τῆ, ςπεῖςον Διί Il.; τῆ, πίε οἶνον Od.; τῆ νῦν, καί ςοι τοῦτο κειμήλιον ἔςτω Il.
1. an oyster, τήθεα διφῶν diving for oysters, Il.
1. at a distance, far off, far away, Hom., Hes.:—c. gen. far from, Hom.
1. then, thereupon, of past time, answering to the relat. ἦμος, Il., Soph., Theocr.
1. like ταύτῃ, here, there, Hom.
1. here, thus, Hom.
1. therefore, in this wise, thereupon, Hom.
2. τῷ; for τίνι; dat. sg. of τίς; who?
3. τῳ, enclit. for τινί, dat. sg. of τις, some one.
1. a grandson, Hom., Plut.
1. etc. A son, Lat. filius, Hom., etc.; υἱὸν ποιεῖςθαί τινα to adopt him as a son, Aeschin.; υἱεῖς ἄνδρες grown up sons, Dem.:—rarely of animals, NTest.
2. periphr., υἷες Ἀχαιῶν, for Ἀχαιοί, Il.; cf. παῖς.
1. a line of battle, battle-array, Il.; mostly in pl. the ranks, id=Il., Hes.
2. the phalanx, i. e. the heavy infantry (ὁπλῖται) in battle-order, Xen., etc.: the formation of the phalanx differed; the Spartan line at Tegea was eight deep, Thuc.: the Theban at Delium twenty-five, id=Thuc.; the phalanx was brought to perfection by Philip of Macedon.
3. for the main body, centre, as opp. to the wings (κέρατα), Xen.
4. a camp, id=Xen.
5. a round piece of wood, a trunk, log, Hdt.
6. a venomous spider (cf. φαλάγγιον), Ar.
1. the coot, so called from its bald white head, Ar.
1. a part of the helmet worn by the Homeric heroes, either a metal ridge in which the plume (λόφος) was fixed, or (rather) the peak of the helmet: then, an ἀμφίφαλος κυνέη would be one that had a peak behind as well as before.
1. light, daylight, Hom., etc.:—in Poets, of life, ζώειν καὶ ὁρᾶν φάος ἠελίοιο id=Hom.; λείπειν φάος ἠελίοιο Hes.; πέμπειν τινὰ ἐς φῶς Aesch.; πρὸς φῶς ἀνελθεῖν Soph.
2. of day-light, ἐν φάει Od.; φῶς γίγνεται it is becoming light, i. e. day is breaking, Plat.; ἕως ἔτι φῶς ἐςτι while there is still light, id=Plat.
3. the light of a torch, lamp, fire, a light, Od., Aesch.
4. the light of the eyes, Pind.; pl. φάεα the eyes, Lat. lumina, Od.
5. light, as a metaph. for deliverance, happiness, victory, Il.: also in addressing persons, γλυκερὸν φάος dear light of my life, Od.; ὦ φίλτατον φῶς Soph.
1. a drug, medicine, Hom., etc.: the φάρμακα applied outwardly were χριςτά, ἔγχριςτα, ἐπίχριςτα (ointments), and παςτά, ἐπίπαςτα, καταπλαςτά (plasters), Theocr., Ar.; those taken inwardly βρώςιμα, and πότιμα, ποτά, πιςτά, Aesch., Eur., etc.:—c. gen., φ. νόςου a medicine for it, remedy against it, Aesch.; φ. κεφαλῆς for a head-ache, Plat.
2. in bad sense, an enchanted potion, philtre, so a charm, spell, enchantment, Od., Theocr.:—also a drug, poison, Soph., Eur.
3. a remedy, cure, Hes.; φ. πραύ̈, of a bridle, Pind.; c. gen. a remedy against, βλάβης Aesch.; πόνων, λύπης Eur.
4. c. gen., also, a means of producing, ςωτηρίας id=Eur.; ςοφίας Plat.
5. a dye, paint, colour, Hdt., etc.
1. a sword, Hom., Soph.
1. to say, affirm, assert, often with a notion of alleging or pretending, Od., Hdt., attic; ὡς ἔφαςκεν as he said, as he alleged, Soph.
2. to think, deem, expect, Hom., Soph.
3. to promise, c. inf. fut., Od., Thuc.
1. a manger, crib, feeding-trough, Hom., Hdt., attic
1. Pass. to be put to flight, flee affrighted, Hom.
1. a bier, litter, Polyb.:—contr. φέρτρον Il.
1. a bier, litter, Polyb.:—contr. φέρτρον Il.
1. bravest, best, Hom.:—of things, κακῶν φέρτατον the best, i. e. least bad, of two evils, Il.
2. in form φέριςτος, id=Il.; mostly in voc. φέριςτε, id=Il., Aesch., Soph.
3. comp., φέρτερος, η, ον, braver, better, Hom.:— πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐςτιν 'tis much better, id=Hom.;— τέττιγος φέρτερον ᾄδεις, as adv., Theocr.
1. Radic. sense, to bear, Lat. fero:
2. to bear or carry a load, Hom., attic; of a woman with child, Aesch., Soph.
3. to bear, bear along, implying motion, πόδες φέρον Il.; horses are said ἅρμα φέρειν id=Il.; of a wind, Hom.; ὁ βορέας εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα φέρει is fair for Greece, Xen.
4. to bear, endure, suffer, Od., etc.; of wine, τὰ τρία φέρων bearing three parts of water, instead of ἴςον ἴςωι, Ar.:—often with Advs., βαρέως, δεινῶς, χαλεπῶς φέρειν τι, like Lat. aegre, graviter ferre, to bear impatiently, take ill or amiss, opp. to κούφως, ῥαιδίως φέρειν, Lat. leviter ferre, to bear patiently, take easily, Hdt., attic:—such phrases are constructed mostly c. acc. rei; sometimes, c. dat. only, βαρέως φέρειν τοῖς παροῦςι Xen.
5. to bring, fetch, Hom., attic:—Mid. to bring with one, or for one's own use, Od., etc.
6. to bring, offer, present, δῶρα id=Od.; χάριν τινὶ φ. to grant any one a favour, do him a kindness, Hom., attic
7. to bring, produce, work, cause, Hom.; φ. κακόν, πῆμα, ἄλγεα to work one woe, id=Hom.:— to produce, bring forward, cite, Dem.
8. to bring one word, to tell, announce, Aesch., etc.:—so in Mid., λόγους φ. Eur.; but also, ἔπος φέρεςθαι to have word brought one, receive, id=Eur.
9. to pay something due or owing, φόρον φέρειν to pay as tax or tribute, Thuc.; μιςθὸν φ. Xen. (but also to receive pay, Ar., Thuc.):—of property, to bring in, yield as rent, Isae.
10. ψῆφον φ. to give one's vote, Lat. ferre suffragium, Aesch.; ψῆφος καθ̆ ἡμῶν οἴςεται (as Pass.) Eur.:—hence φέρειν τινά, to appoint to an office, Dem.
11. to bear, bring forth, produce, of the earth or of trees, Od., Hdt., etc.:—absol. to bear, bear fruit, be fruitful, Hdt.
12. to carry off or away, Il.: of stormy winds, Od.; of a river, Hdt.:—Mid. to carry off with one, Od., Xen., etc.
13. to carry off as booty or plunder, Il., etc.:—often in the phrase φέρειν καὶ ἄγειν, v. a)/gw I. 3:— φέρειν alone, to rob, plunder, θεῶν ἱερά Eur.; ἀλλήλους Thuc.:—Mid. in same sense, Hom.
14. to carry off, gain, win, achieve, Il., Soph., etc.; μιςθὸν φέρειν (v. supr. IV. 5):—so in Mid. to win for oneself, Il., attic:—metaph., τὰ πρῶτα, τὰ δεύτερα φέρεςθαι to win and hold the first, the second rank, Hdt.; πλέον or πλεῖον φέρεςθαι to gain the advantage over any one, τινος id=Hdt., etc.;—the Mid. being used of that which one gets for one's own use, esp. to take home, id=Hdt.
15. absol., of roads, to lead to a place, ἡ ὁδὸς φέρει εἰς . . , like Lat. via fert or ducit ad . . , id=Hdt., Thuc., etc.
16. of a tract of country, to stretch, extend to or towards, like Lat. vergere or spectare ad . . , φέρειν ἐπί or ἐς θάλαςςαν Hdt., etc.
17. metaph. to lead to, be conducive to, ἐς αἰςχύνην φέρει id=Hdt.; ἐς βλάβην φέρον Soph.
18. to aim at a thing, hint or point at, refer to it, εἰς or πρός τι Hdt., Plat.; so, τοῦ δήμου φέρει γνώμη, ὡς . . , the people's opinion inclines to this, that . . , Hdt.; τῶν ἡ γνώμη ἔφερε ςυμβάλλειν their opinion inclined to giving battle, id=Hdt.
19. impers. much like ςυμφέρει, it tends (to one's interest), is conducive, φέρει ςοι ταῦτα ποιεῖν; id=Hdt. d. intr., v. B. I. 2.
20. to carry in the mouth, i. e. to speak much of, Aeschin.: Pass., εὖ, πονηρῶς φέρεςθαι to be well or ill spoken of, Xen.: also absol. φέρεται, like Lat. fertur, [the report] is carried about, i. e. it is said, τοιόνδε φέρεται πρῆγμα γίγνεςθαι Hdt.
21. imperat. φέρε, like ἄγε, used as adv. come, now, well, φέρ̆ εἰπὲ δή μοι Soph.; so, before 1 pers. sg. or pl. subj. used imperatively, φέρε ἀκούςω Hdt.; φ. δὴ ἴδωμεν, φ. δὴ ςκεψώμεθα Plat.
22. before a question, φέρε τροπαῖα πῶς ἄρα ςτήςεις; well then, how wilt thou erect trophies? Eur.
23. part. neut. τὸ φέρον, as Subst. fortune, fate, τὸ φέρον ἐκ θεοῦ φέρειν χρή ye must bear what heaven bears to you, awards you, Soph.
24. Pass. is used in most of the above senses, esp.,
25. to be borne along by waves or winds, to be swept away, Od.; ἧκε φέρεςθαι he sent him flying, Il.; ἧκα πόδας καὶ χεῖρε φέρεςθαι I let go my hands and feet, let them swing free [in the leap], Od.
26. often in part. with another Verb of motion, φερόμενοι ἐςέπιπτον they fell on them with a rush, Hdt.; ὠιχόμην φερόμενος Plat.;—so, in part. act. used intr., φέρουςα ἐνέβαλε νηί she bore down upon the ship and struck it, Hdt.; φέρων hurriedly, in haste, Aeschin.
27. of voluntary motion, ἰθὺς φέρεται Il.; ὁμόςε τινὶ φέρεςθαι to come to blows with him, Xen., etc.
28. metaph., εὖ, κακῶς φέρεςθαι to turn out well or ill, succeed or fail, νόμοι οὐ καλῶς φέρονται Soph.; τὰ πράγματα κακῶς φέρεται Xen.; ἐᾶν ταῦτα φέρεςθαι to let these things take their course, Dem.:—of persons, εὖ φερόμενος ἐν ςτρατηγίαις being successful in his commands, Thuc.
1. oaken, Il.
1. Lat. fera, Pind.: pl. φῆρες, of the Centaurs, Il.
1. pass. loved, beloved, dear, Lat. amicus, carus, Hom., etc.; c. dat. dear to one, id=Hom.; voc. φίλε may be used with neut. nouns, φίλε τέκνον Od.; a gen. was sometimes added to the voc., φίλ̆ ἀνδρῶν Theocr.; ὦ φίλα γυναικῶν Eur.:—often as Subst., φίλος, a friend, Hom.:—proverb., ἔςτιν ὁ φ. ἄλλος αὐτός a friend is another self, Arist.; κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων Plat.:—so in fem. φίλη, a dear one, friend, Lat. amica, Hom., attic:— φίλον, ου, an object of love, Soph.; τὰ φίλτατα one's nearest and dearest, such as wife and children, Trag.
2. of things, dear, pleasant, welcome, Hom.:—as predic., φίλον ἐςτί or γίγνεταί μοι 'tis dear to me, pleases me, Lat. cordi est, id=Hom., Hdt., etc.; εἰ τόδ̆ αὐτῷ φίλον κεκλημένῳ if it please him to be so called, Aesch.
3. in Poets, φίλος is used of one's own limbs, life, etc., φίλον δ̆ ἐξαίνυτο θυμόν he took away dear life, Il.; φίλον ἦτορ, φίλα γούνατα, πατὴρ φίλος, φίλη ἄλοχος Hom.; φίλην ἄγεςθαι to take as his own wife, Il.
4. in act. sense, like φίλιος, loving, friendly, Hom.; c. gen., φίλαν ξένων ἄρουραν friendly to strangers, Pind.; φίλα φρονέειν τινί to feel kindly, Il.; φ. ποιεῖςθαί τινι to make friends with one, Hdt.
5. adv. fi/lws, fi/lws x' o(ro/w|te ye would fain see it, Il.; φ. ἐμοί in a manner dear or pleasing to me, Aesch.; φ. δέχεςθαί τινα Xen.
6. φίλος has several forms of comparison:
7. comp. φιλίων [ι^], ον, Od.
8. comp. φίλτερος, Sup. φίλτατος, v. sub vocc.
9. comp. φιλαίτερος, Sup. φιλαίτατος, Xen., Theocr.
10. in attic μᾶλλον φίλος Aesch., etc.; Sup. μάλιςτα φ. Xen.
1. to shine, only found in part. φαέθων, beaming, radiant, Hom., Soph., Eur.; absol., πάννυχα καὶ φαέθοντα nights and days, Soph.
2. as a prop. n.
3. φαέθων, ὁ, shiner, one of the steeds of Eos, Od.
4. son of Helios or Apollo, famous for his unlucky driving of the sun-chariot, Eur.
5. the planet Jupiter, Cic.
1. shining, of men's limbs, prob. in reference to the common use of oil, Od., Hes., Pind.
2. of heroes, famous, glorious, Hom., Aesch.
1. Act. to bring to light, make to appear, Hom., etc.:—Mid. to exhibit as one's own, Soph.
2. to shew forth, make known, reveal, disclose, shew, Od., Soph. etc.: γόνον Ἑλένηι φ. to shew her a child, i. e. grant her to bear one, Od.
3. of sound, to make it clear to the ear, make it ring clear, id=Od., Aesch.
4. to make clear, explain, expound, Hdt.
5. in attic to inform against one, to indict, impeach, Ar.:— to inform of a thing as contraband, id=Ar.: Pass., τὰ φανθέντα articles informed against as contraband, Dem.
6. absol. to give information, Xen.
7. φαίνειν φρουράν at Sparta, to proclaim a levy, call out the array, id=Xen.
8. absol. to give light, Od.; so of the sun, moon, etc., φ. τινί Ar., Theocr.; so of the Dioscuri shining in mid-air, Eur.; ἀγανὴ φαίνους̆ ἐλπίς soft shining hope, Aesch.
9. Hom. uses the ionic aor. φάνεςκε really intr., appeared:— also perf. 2 πέφηνα is intr., Hdt., Soph., Dem.
10. Pass. to come to light, be seen, appear, Hom.; of fire, to shine brightly, id=Hom.:—often of the rising of heavenly bodies, Il., Hes.; of daybreak, φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος hώς Hom.
11. of persons, to come into being, φανεὶς δύςτηνος born to misery, Soph.; δοῦλος φανείς shewn to be, having become, a slave, id=Soph.:—also of events, τέλος πέφανται Il.; τὸ φανθέν what has once come to light, Soph., etc.
12. to appear to be so and so, c. inf., ἥτις ἀρίςτη φαίνεται εἶναι Od.; τοῦτό μοι θειότατον φαίνεται γενέςθαι Hdt.:—inf. omitted, ὅςτις φαίνηται ἄριςτος Od., etc.:—also c. part., but φαίνεςθαι c. inf. indicates that a thing appears to be so and so, φαίνεςθαι c. part. states the fact that it manifestly is so and so, ἐμοὶ ςὺ πλουτέειν φαίνεαι you appear to me to be rich, Hdt.; but, εὔνοος ἐφαίνετο ἐών he was manifestly well-inclined, id=Hdt.; φαίνεται ὁ νόμος βλάπτων the law manifestly harms, but, φαίνεται ὁ νόμος ἡμᾶς βλάψειν it appears likely to harm us, Dem.:—with the part. omitted, Κᾶρες ἐφάνηςαν (sc. ὄντες) they were manifest Carians, Thuc.; τί φαίνομαι (sc. ὤν); what do I look like? Eur.
13. in dialogue, φαίνεταί ςοι ταῦτα; does this appear so? is not this so? Answ. φαίνεται, yes, Plat.; [τοῦτο] φῆις εἶναι; Answ. φαίνομαι (sc. λέγειν) Xen.
14. οὐδαμοῦ φανῆναι nullo in loco haberi, Plat.
1. to eat, devour, φαγέμεν καὶ πιέμεν Od.; φαγεῖν τε καὶ πιεῖν Ar., etc.; c. gen. to eat of a thing, Od.
2. to eat up, devour, squander, id=Od.
3. in NTest. occurs a fut. φάγομαι, 2nd sg. φάγεςαι.
1. shining, beaming, radiant, Hom., Pind., Trag.
2. of the voice, clear, distinct, far-sounding, Pind.
3. generally, splendid, brilliant, id=Pind.
1. bringing light to mortals, Hom., Eur.
1. in phalanxes, Il., Polyb.
1. to be patched with white, κύματα φαληριόωντα waves crested with white foam, Il.
1. a quiver for arrows, Lat. pharetra, Hom.
1. dove-killing, Il.
1. Dep. to spare, Lat. parcere:
2. to spare persons and things in war, i. e. not destroy them, c. gen., Hom., attic:—absol. to spare, be merciful, Thuc.
3. to spare in using, to refrain from using, use sparingly, ἵππων φειδόμενος, i. e. taking care of them, Il.; μὴ φείδεο ςίτου Hes.; φείδεο τῶν νηῶν Hdt.; τι φειδόμεςθα τῶν λίθων; why refrain from using them? Ar.; φ. μήτε χρημάτων μήτε πόνων Plat.
4. absol. to be sparing, be thrifty, live thriftily, Theogn.; οἱ γεωργοῦντες καὶ φειδόμενος Dem.:—this part is used as adj. = feidwlo/s, Ar.:— adv. feidome/nws sparingly, NTest., Plut.
5. to draw back from, τοῦ κινδύνου Xen.; φείδου μηδὲν ὧνπερ ἐννοεῖς shrink not at all from that thou hast in mind, Soph.:—also c. inf. to spare or cease to do, forbear from doing, Eur.
1. Dep. to spare, Lat. parcere:
2. to spare persons and things in war, i. e. not destroy them, c. gen., Hom., attic:—absol. to spare, be merciful, Thuc.
3. to spare in using, to refrain from using, use sparingly, ἵππων φειδόμενος, i. e. taking care of them, Il.; μὴ φείδεο ςίτου Hes.; φείδεο τῶν νηῶν Hdt.; τι φειδόμεςθα τῶν λίθων; why refrain from using them? Ar.; φ. μήτε χρημάτων μήτε πόνων Plat.
4. absol. to be sparing, be thrifty, live thriftily, Theogn.; οἱ γεωργοῦντες καὶ φειδόμενος Dem.:—this part is used as adj. = feidwlo/s, Ar.:— adv. feidome/nws sparingly, NTest., Plut.
5. to draw back from, τοῦ κινδύνου Xen.; φείδου μηδὲν ὧνπερ ἐννοεῖς shrink not at all from that thou hast in mind, Soph.:—also c. inf. to spare or cease to do, forbear from doing, Eur.
1. a sparing, νεκύων Il.
2. absol. thrift, parsimony, Od., Hes.: thrift in exposing oneself to danger, Thuc.
1. to flee, take flight, run away, Il.;—with Preps., φ. ἀπό or ἔκ τινος Hom., etc.; rarely c. gen. only, πεφυγμένος ἦεν ἀέθλων Od.:—c. acc. cogn., φεύγειν φυγήν Eur.; (so, φυγῆι φ. Plat.); φ. τὴν παρὰ θάλαςςαν (sc. ὁδόν) to flee toward the sea, Hdt.
2. the pres. and imperf. properly express the endeavour to flee: hence the part. φεύγων is added to the compd. Verbs ἀποφεύγω, ἐκφεύγω, προφεύγω, to distinguish the attempt from the accomplishment, βέλτερον, ὡς φεύγων προφύγηι κακὸν ἠὲ ἁλώηι it is better that one should flee and escape than stay and be caught, Il.; φεύγων ἐκφ. Hdt., etc.
3. φ. εἰς . . to have recourse to .. , take refuge in . . , Eur.
4. c. inf. to be shy of doing, shrink from doing, Hdt., Plat.; and with the inf. omitted, to shrink back, Soph.
5. c. acc. to flee from, to shun, avoid, Hom., etc.; φ. φόνον to flee the consequences of the murder, Eur.:—the part. perf. pass. also retains the acc. in Hom., who joins it with εἶναι or γενέςθαι ͂ πεφευγέναι, e. g. μοῖραν δ̆ οὔτινά φημι πεφυγμένον ἔμμεναι I say that no man can escape his doom, Il.; πεφυγμένον ἄμμε γενέςθαι id=Il.
6. of things, ἡνίοχον φύγον ἡνία the reins escaped from his hands, id=Il.
7. to flee one's country for a crime, Hom.; οἱ φεύγοντες the exiles, Thuc.; φ. πατρίδα Od.
8. φ. ὑπό τινος to be banished by him, Hdt., Xen.:—absol. to go into exile, be an exile, Lat. exulare, Hdt.
9. as attic law-term, to be accused or prosecuted: ὁ φεύγων the accused, defendant, Lat. reus, opp. to ὁ διώκων the accuser, prosecutor, Ar., Oratt.; c. acc., φ. γραφήν or δίκην to be put on one's trial for something, Ar., Plat.; the crime being added in gen., φ. φόνου (sub. δίκην) to be charged with murder, Lys., etc.; φ. ἀςεβείας ὑπό τινος is accused of impiety by some one, Plat.
1. a kind of oak, bearing an esculent acorn, quercus esculus, (not the Lat. fagus, our beech, though the names are identical), sacred to Ζεύς, Il., Soph.
2. the acorn of the same tree, Ar.
1. Radical sense: to declare, make known; and so, to say, affirm, assert, either absol., or foll. by inf. or by acc.; the inf. is often omitted, ςὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήςει (sc. εἶναι) Il.; but also, Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν; what shall we say of them? Xen.:—then, since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion, to think, deem, suppose, Il.; φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τιν̆ ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τε you would say, would think, he was . . , id=Il.; μὴ φαθὶ λεύςςειν think not that you see, Theocr.
2. Special Phrases:
3. φαςί, they say, it is said, Hom., attic; but in Prose also φηςί, like French on dit, Dem.; (so Lat. inquit, ait).
4. φημί is sometimes joined with a synon. Verb. e.g. ἔφη λέγων, ἔφηςε λέγων Hdt.; λέγει οὐδὲν φαμένη id=Hdt.
5. in repeating dialogues, the Verb commonly goes before its subject, ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης said I, said Socrates; but the order is sometimes inverted, ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη I said, Socrates said.
6. in a more definite sense, like κατάφημι, to say yes, affirm, Hom., attic; καὶ τοὺς φάναι and they said yes, Hdt.; καί φημι κἀπόφημι Soph.; whereas οὔ φημι means to say no, deny, refuse, ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήςειν said she would not answer, Hdt.; ἐὰν μὴ φῆι if he say no, Ar.; φάθι ἢ μή say yes or no, Plat.
1. to come or do first or before others:
2. c. acc. pers. to be beforehand with, overtake, outstrip, anticipate, Il., Hdt., attic; so, ἔφθηςαν τὸν χειμῶνα Hdt.:—Pass. to be overtaken, Anth.
3. absol. to come first, Eur., etc.; τοῦ φθάςαντος ἁρπαγή the prey of the first comer, Aesch.:—with Preps. to come or arrive first, ἐς τὸν Ἑλλήςποντον Thuc., etc.
4. the action in which one outstrips another is expressed by the part. agreeing with the subject, [Ἄτη] φθάνει βλάπτουςα is beforehand in doing mischief, Il.; φθῆ μιν Τηλέμαχος βαλών Telemachus was beforehand with him in striking, Od.:—in translation, the part. often becomes the chief Verb and φθάνειν is rendered by an adv., quicker, sooner, first, before, beforehand, ἔφθηςαν ἀπικόμενοι arrived first, Hdt.; so with part. pass. εἴ κε φθήηι τυπείς should he be wounded first, Il.; φθάνω εὐεργετῶν I am the first to shew a kindness, Xen.:— these clauses, being compar. in sense, are sometimes foll. by a gen., φθὰν ἱππήων κοςμηθέντες they were marshalled before the horsemen, Il.; or by πρὶν . . , πρὶν ἢ . . , ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάςαι id=Il.; ἔφθηςαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ . . Hdt.
5. part. φθάς or φθάςας, epic φθάμενος, used like an adv., ὅς μ̆ ἔβαλε φθάμενος, for ὅς μ̆ ἔφθη βαλών, Il.; οὐκ ἄλλος φθὰς ἐμεῦ κατήγορος ἔςται no other shall be an accuser before me, Hdt.; ἀνέωιξάς με φθάςας you opened the door before me, Ar.
6. rarely with the inf., like Lat. occuro, μόλις φθάνει θρόνοιςιν ἐμπεςοῦςα μὴ χαμαὶ πεςεῖν hardly escapes falling on the ground by falling first on the seat, Eur.; φθάνει ἐλθεῖν he is first to come, Ar.
7. φθάνω with οὐ and part., followed by καί, like Lat. simul ac, denotes two actions following close on each other, οὐ φθάνειν χρὴ ςυςκιάζοντας γένυν, καὶ ὁρμᾶν you must no sooner get your beard, than you march, id=Ar.; οὐκ ἔφθη μοι ςυμβᾶςα ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρηςαν no sooner had misfortune befallen me, when they attempted, Dem.
8. οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε, with part. pres., denote impatience, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε ἀπαλλαςςόμενοι you could not be too quick in departing, i. e. make haste and be off, Hdt.; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τοῦτο πράττοντε Ar.; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις λέγων Plat.:—so, the part. φθάςας is used with imperat., λέγε φθάςας speak quickly, τρέχε φθάςας, etc.
9. in answers, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι I could not be too quick, i. e. I will begin directly, Plat.
1. to utter a sound or voice, esp. to speak loud and clear, speak, Hom., etc.
2. of animals, as a horse, to neigh, whinny, Hdt.; of an eagle, to scream, Xen.; of a fawn, to cry, Theocr.
3. of inanimate things, of a door, to creak, Ar.; of thunder, to sound, Xen.; of musical instruments, Il.
4. = o)noma/zw, to name, call by name, Plat.
5. c. acc. pers. to celebrate one aloud, extol, Pind.
1. Phthia in Thessaly, the home of Achilles, Hom.
1. to decay, wane, dwindle, of Time, πρίν κεν νὺξ φθῖτο (aor2 pass. opt.) first would the night be come to an end, Od.; so, τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτός Soph.; φθίνουςιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα they wane or pass away, Od.; μηδέ ςοι αἰὼν φθινέτω let not thy life be wasted, id=Od.:— so, in the monthly reckoning, μηνῶν φθινόντων in the moon's wane, i. e. towards the month's end, id=Od.:— μὴν φθίνων the ending of the month, v. i(/sthmi B. III. 3.
2. of the stars, to decline, set, Aesch.
3. of men, to waste away, pine, perish, Hom., Eur.;—of things, to fade away, disappear, Soph.:—so in Pass., αὐτὸς φθίεται Il.; ἤδη φθίςονται Hom.:—often in part. φθίμενος, slain, dead, id=Il.; φθίμενοι the dead, φθιμένοιςι μετείην Od., Trag.
4. Causal, in fut. φθίςω [ι_], aor1 ἔφθι_ςα, to make to decay or pine away, to consume, destroy, Hom.; once in Aesch. φθίςας [ι].
1. to ruin, waste, spoil, destroy, Lat. perdere, Od., Hdt., etc.:—Pass. to go to ruin, perish, Trag., etc.
2. Pass., (.] φθείρεςθε (as a curse) may ye perish! ruin seize ye! Il.; φθείρου plague take thee! away with thee! Lat. abi in malam rem! Ar.; so, εἰ μὴ φθερεῖ if thou depart not . . , Eur.; c. gen., φθείρεςθε τῆςδε off from her! i. e. unhand her, let her go, id=Eur.; φθείρεςθαι πρός . . to run headlong to . . , Dem.
3. to have suffered loss from shipwreck, Eur.
4. of women, χερςοὺς φθαρῆναι to pine away in barrenness, Soph.
1. trans. to waste, consume, Od.; φθ. κῆρ cause it to pine away, id=Od.
2. intr. to waste or pine away, decay, of men, Hom.
1. destroying or killing men, Il., Hes.
1. for φθιςίβροτος, destroying men, Il., Od.
1. Φθιῶτις, γῆ the land of Phthia, Eur., etc.; so Φθιάς, άδος, id=Eur.
1. to bear ill-will or malice, bear a grudge, be envious or jealous, Il., Xen., etc.:—c. dat. pers., πτωχὸς πτωχῷ φθονέει Hes.; φθ. τινὶ εὖ πρήςςοντι to envy him for his good fortune, Hdt.; also c. dat. rei, to feel envy at a thing, Isocr.; ἐπί τινι Xen.:—c. dat. pers. et gen. rei, οὔ τοι ἡμιόνων φθονέω I bear thee no grudge for the mules, Od.; μή μοι φθονήςῃς τοῦ μαθήματος Plat.:—c. gen. rei only, to be grudging of a thing, ἀλλοτρίων φθονέειν Od.
2. to refuse to do a thing from envy or ill-will, to grudge doing, c. inf., id=Od., Eur., etc.; μὴ φθονήςῃς do not refuse, Lat. ne graveris, μὴ φθ. διδάξαι Plat.:—also c. acc. et inf., ἐφθόνηςαν [οἱ θεοὶ] ἕνα ἄνδρα βαςιλεῦςαι Hdt.;—also c. dat. et inf., τῇ δ̆ οὐκ ἂν φθονέοιμι ἅψαςθαι; Od.
3. Pass. to be envied or begrudged, Lat. invideor, Hdt., Eur., etc.
1. any clear, distinct sound, esp. the voice of men, Hom., attic; also of animals, Soph., Eur.
2. generally, a sound, as distinguished from a voice (φωνή), Plat.:—of musical sounds, Eur.
1. a broad, flat vessel, a bowl, used to boil liquids in, Il.; used as a cinerary urn, id=Il.
2. after Hom. a broad, flat bowl for drinking or pouring libations, Lat. patera, Hdt., attic
1. to love, regard with affection, Lat. diligere, Hom., etc.; φ. τινὰ φιλότητα to feel affection for him, Od.; to love and cherish as one's wife, Hom.:—the epic aor1 mid. in act. sense, Il.
2. to treat affectionately or kindly, to welcome a guest, Hom.:—Pass., παρ̆ ἄμμι φιλήςεαι welcome shalt thou be in our house, Od.
3. to kiss, Aesch., etc.; c. dupl. acc., τὸ φίλαμα, τὸ τὸν Ἄδωνιν φίλαςεν the kiss wherewith she kissed him, Mosch.:—Mid. to kiss one another, Hdt.
4. of things, to love, like, approve, Od., Soph.
5. c. inf. to love to do, be fond of doing, and so to be wont or used to do, Hdt., Trag.
6. of things, events, αὔρα φιλέει πνέειν Hdt.; φιλεῖ μέγαλα ςτρατόπεδα ἐκπλήγνυςθαι great armies are apt to be seized with panic, Thuc.; πάντα ἀνθρώποιςι φιλέει γίγνεςθαι everything comes to man by experience, Hdt.; and without γίγνεςθαι, οἷα δὴ φιλεῖ as is wont, Plat.; also impers., ὡς δὴ φιλεῖ as it is usual, Lat. ut solet, Plut.
1. loving possessions, greedy of gain, covetous, Sup. φιλοκτεανώτατος, Il.
1. laughter-loving, epith. of Aphrodite, Hom., Hes.
1. fond of war, warlike, Il., Plut.: adv. -mws, Isocr.
1. friendliness, kindliness, Il.; τινός towards one, Hdt.; πρός τινα Plat.: pl. friendly greetings, Pind.
2. cheerfulness, Xen.
1. fond of lies or lying, Il., Plat.
1. friendship, love, affection, Hom., etc.; φ. τινός friendship with, affection for, Od.; διὰ τὴν λίαν φιλότητα βροτῶν by his over great love for men, Aesch.; ὦ φιλότης, ͂ ὦ φίλε, my friend, Plat.
1. a block of wood, log, Hom.
1. flame, fire, heat, Il.
2. inflammation, heat: also phlegm, a morbid humour, Lat. pituita, Hdt.:—in Poets, like χολή, gall, bile, Anth.
1. trans. to burn, burn up, Il., Aesch.:—Pass. to take fire, blaze up, Il.
2. metaph. to kindle, inflame with passion, Soph., Eur.:—Pass., like Lat. uri, to burn with passion, be inflamed, Soph., Ar.
3. to light up, Ζεὺς βέλος φλέγων making it blaze or flash, Aesch.; metaph., ἄταν οὐρανίαν φλέγων letting the flame of mischief blaze up to heaven, Soph.:—Pass. to blaze up, be a-light, Aesch.
4. metaph. to make illustrious or famous, Lat. illustrare, Pind.:—Pass. to be or become so, id=Aesch.
5. intr. to burn, flame, blaze, Aesch., Soph.; of armour, to flash, Eur.
6. metaph. to break forth, of passion, Aesch.
7. to shine forth, become famous, Pind.
1. a vein, Il., etc.; φλέβα ςχάζειν to open a vein, Xen.
2. a vein of metal, id=Xen.
1. trans. to burn, scorch, burn up, Il.:—Pass., ὄφρα πυρὶ φλεγεθοίατο νεκροί id=Il.
2. intr. to blaze, flare up, of fire, id=Il.; of the sun, Soph., Eur.
1. the bark of trees, bast or bass, smooth bark, Il., Hdt., etc.
1. any confused noise, the noise of battle, the battle-din, Il.; the roar of the sea, Aesch.
1. burning, flaming, Il., Eur.
1. a flame of fire, Hom.; φλόγα δαίειν to kindle a flame, Il.; ἐγείρειν Xen.; ςβέςαι to put it out, Thuc.; also of lightning, Aesch., Eur.; of the heat of the sun, Aesch.; the flame or flash of a bright helmet, Il.; —φλ. οἴνου the fiery strength of wine, Eur.
1. to boil over, bubble up: metaph. to overflow with words, talk idly, babble, brag, Aesch.
1. Act. to put to flight, Lat. fugo, Il.
2. to strike with fear, to terrify, frighten, alarm, Lat. terreo, Hdt., attic; πόνος ὁ μὴ φοβῶν free from alarm, Soph.; φοβήςαντες κατεςτήςαντο τὴν πολιτείαν they established it by terror, Plat.
3. Pass. and Mid. to be put to flight, to flee affrighted, flee, Hom.; φοβηθείς in flight, Il.; ὑπό τινος φοβέεςθαι to flee before him, id=Il.
4. to be seized with fear, be affrighted, fear, Hdt., attic; φοβεῖςθαι εἴς or πρός τι to be alarmed at a thing, Soph.; ἀμφί τινι to fear about a thing, Hdt.; περί τινος Xen.; περί τινι Thuc., etc.:— φοβεῖςθαι μὴ . . to fear lest a thing will be, Lat. vereri ne . . , Eur., etc.; so, φ. ὅπως μὴ . . Thuc.; so, φοβ. ὅτι . . , ὡς . . to fear that . . , not like Lat. vereri ut . . , id=Thuc., etc.:— φοβ. c. inf. to fear to do, be afraid of doing, Aesch., Trag.
5. c. acc. pers. to stand in awe of, dread, fear, Soph., etc.: c. acc. rei, to fear or fear about a thing, id=Soph.
1. blood-red, Il., Mosch.
1. dark-red, purple or crimson, Hom., Hes.
1. blood-red, Il.: blood-stained, murderous, Hhymn.
1. to go to and fro, up and down, to stalk or roam about, Hom., etc.; διὰ νηὸς φ. to keep going about the ship, Od.; horses at pasture, Hdt.; of hounds casting about for the scent, Xen.
2. to roam wildly about, Hom., Soph.; of the priests of Cybele, Anth.
3. to resort to a person as a friend, φ. παρά τινα to visit him, Plat.; to resort constantly to a person or place for any purpose, ἐφοίτεον παρὰ Δηιόκεα δικαςόμενοι Hdt.; φ. ἔς τε ἀγορὴν καὶ ἐξ ἀγορῆς id=Hdt.; φ. πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους, of embassies, Thuc.; φοιτᾶν ἐπὶ τὰς θύρας τινός to frequent, wait at a great man's door, Hdt.:—so, of a dream, to haunt one, ἐν ὀνείραςι Eur., Plat.
4. to resort to a person as a teacher, παρὰ τὸν Σωκράτη Plat.; παῖς ὢν ἐφοίτας ἐς τίνος διδαςκάλου [οἶκον]; Ar.; absol. to go to school, Plat., Dem.
5. of things, to come in regularly, be imported, ἐξ ἐςχάτης [γῆς] ὅτε καςςίτερος ἡμῖν φοιτᾷ καὶ τὸ ἤλεκτρον Hdt.; ςῖτός ςφιςι πολλὸς ἐφοίτα corn came in to them in plenty, id=Hdt.: —also, of the coming in of tribute or taxes, Lat. redire, τάλαντον ἀργυρίου Ἀλεξάνδρῳ ἡμέρης ἑκάςτης ἐφοίτα a talent of silver came in to Alexander every day, id=Hdt.
6. of fits of pain, ἥδε [νόςος] ὀξεῖα φοιτᾷ καὶ ταχεῖ̆ ἀπέρχεται Soph.
1. found only in Il., as epith. of Thersites, prob. bandy-legged, Lat. valgus.
1. slaughter, murder, always in pl., Il.; ἐν τῇςι φονῇςιν εἶναι to be in the act of slaying, Hdt.; ἐν φοναῖς πεςών Aesch.; ςπᾶν φοναῖς to rend murderously, Soph.; ἄπεςτιν ἐν φοναῖς θηροκτόνοις he is absent a-killing game, Eur.
1. a murderer, slayer, homicide, Hom., Hdt., attic; of the sword on which Ajax had thrown himself, Soph.:—also as fem., a murderess, Eur.; as adj., φονέα χεῖρα murdering hand, id=Eur.
1. pointed, epith. of Thersites, φοξὸς κεφαλήν peaked in head, having a sugar-loaf head, Il.
1. to bear or carry constantly, to be used to carry, ἵπποι οἳ φορέεςκον Πηλείωνα Il.; of a slave, ὕδωρ ἐφόρει Od.; so, ἀγγελίας φορέειν to serve as a messenger (ἀγγελίην φέρειν simply to carry a message), Hdt.; φ. θρεπτήρια, of Oedipus carrying about food in a wallet, Soph.
2. commonly of clothes and armour, to bear constantly, wear, Lat. gesto, Hom., etc.
3. to have, possess, ἀγλαί̈ας φορέειν to be splendid, Od.; ἰςχυρὰς φ. τὰς κεφαλάς Hdt.; ὑπόπτερον δέμας φ. Eur.
4. Pass. to be borne violently along, be hurried along, Trag.; to be storm-tost, Ar.; to be carried away, Thuc.
5. Mid. to fetch for oneself, fetch regularly, Eur. Hence
1. pasture, food, fodder, forage, Il., Hdt.; of birds of prey, Soph.
1. a bearer, carrier, Il.: ἵππος φορεύς a pack- horse, Plut.
1. appellat. a purple-red, purple or crimson, because the discovery and earliest use of this colour was ascribed to the Phoenicians, Hom.
2. as adj., ὁ, (also φοίνιςςα as fem. in Pind.), red, dark red, of a bay horse, Il.; of red cattle, Pind.; of fire, id=Pind., Eur.:— φοῖνιξ and its derivs. included all dark reds, from crimson to purple, while the brighter shades were denoted by πορφύρεος, ἁλουργής, κόκκινος.
3. the date-palm, palm, Od., Eur., etc.
4. the fabulous bird phoenix, which came from Arabia to Egypt every 500 years, Hdt.:—proverb., φοίνικος ἔτη βιοῦν Luc.
1. poet. Noun, understanding, shrewdness, cunning, in dat. pl. φραδμοςύνῃςιν Hhymn., Hes.
1. to point out, shew, indicate, Hom.; μῦθον πέφραδε πᾶςιν make known the word to all, Od.; ἔφραςε τὴν ἀτραπόν Hdt.; φωνῆςαι μὲν οὐκ εἶχε, τῆι δὲ χειρὶ ἔφραζε id=Hdt.
2. to shew forth, tell, declare, Hdt., attic: c. gen. to tell of, Soph., etc.:—it differs from le/gw, as telling, declaring from simply speaking.
3. c. dat. pers. et inf. to tell one to do so and so, Hom., Thuc.
4. absol. to give counsel, advise, Soph., Aeschin.
5. Mid. and Pass. to indicate to oneself, i. e. to think or muse upon, consider, ponder, debate, Hom., etc.; ἐνὶ φρεςὶ μῆτιν ἀμείνω Il.; ἀμφὶς φρ. to think differently, id=Il.
6. to think of, purpose, contrive, devise, design, φ. τινι θάνατον Hom.; φράςςεται ὥς κε νέηται will contrive how . . , Od.
7. c. acc. et inf. to think, suppose, believe, imagine that . . , id=Od., Hdt.
8. to remark, perceive, observe, Hom.; c. gen., like αἰςθάνομαι Theocr.
9. to watch, guard, Od.:— to beware of, Orac. ap. Hdt.; φράζευ κύνα cave canem, Ar.;—c. inf., φράζου μὴ φωνεῖν take heed not to speak, Soph.:—so absol. to take heed, Aesch., Soph.
1. to fence in, hedge round, esp. for protection or defence, to fence, secure, fortify, φράξε [τὴν ςχεδίην] ῥίπεςςι he fenced the raft with mats, Od.:—Mid., φράξαντο νῆας they fenced in their ships, Il.; φραξάμενοι τὴν ἀκρόπολιν Hdt.; but, ἐφράξαντο τὸ τεῖχος they strengthened it, id=Hdt.; absol. to strengthen one's fortifications, Thuc.:—Pass., φραχθέντες ςάκεςιν fenced with shields, Il.; absol., πεφραγμένοι fenced, fortified, prepared for defence, Hdt., Thuc.
2. to put up as a fence, φράξαντες δόρυ δουρί, ςάκος ςάκεϊ joining spear close to spear, shield to shield (so as to make a fence), Il.; φράξαντες τὰ γέρρα having put up the shields as a fence, Hdt.
3. in Xen., of dogs, to put down the tail.
4. to stop up, block, τὴν ὁδόν Hdt.; τοὺς ἔςπλους Thuc.
5. metaph. to bar, stop: Pass., ἵνα πᾶν ςτόμα φραγῆι NTest.
1. a brotherhood: in Hom. a people of kindred race, a tribe, clan, κρῖν̆ ἄνδρας κατὰ φρήτρας, ὡς φρήτρη φρήτρῃφιν ἀρήγῃ choose men by clans, that clan may stand by clan, Il.
2. at Athens, the φρατρία was a subdivision of the φυλή, as at Rome the curia of the tribus, Isocr., etc.: every φυλή consisted of three φρατρίαι, whose members were called φράτερες or φράτορες (as those of a φυλή were φυλέται): every φρατρία contained 30 γένη, so that by Solon.'s constitution Athens had 12 φρατρίαι, and 360 γένη or old patrician houses.
1. a well (distinguished from krh/nh, a spring), Il., Hdt.
2. a tank, cistern, reservoir, Lat. puteus, Hdt., Thuc.: an oil jar, Ar.
1. properly = dia/fragma, the midriff or muscle which parts the heart and lungs (viscera thoracis) from the lower viscera (abdominis), Aesch.; usually in pl., Arist., etc.
2. in Hom., φρήν or φρένες = the parts about the heart, the breast, Lat. praecordia, Il.; φρένες ἀμφιμέλαιναι id=Il.
3. the heart, as the seat of the passions, Hom., etc.; ἐκ φρενός from one's very heart, Aesch.; φῦςαι φρένας to produce a haughty spirit, Soph.
4. the heart or mind, as the seat of thought, φρενὶ νοεῖν, ἐπίςταςθαι Il., etc.; μετὰ φρεςὶ μερμηρίζειν Od.; κατὰ φρένα εἰδέναι, γνῶναι Il., etc.; κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν, as in Lat. mens animusque, id=Il.;—hence men lose their φρένες, i. e. their wits, Od.; πλήγη φρένας ἃς πάρος εἶχεν Il.;—so, in attic, φρενῶν ἀφεςτάναι, ἐκςτῆναι to be out of one's wits, Soph., Eur.; ποῦ ποτ̆ εἰ φρενῶν; satisne sanus es? Soph.; φρενῶν ἐπήβολος in possession of one's senses, id=Soph.; ἔνδον φρενῶν Eur.; ἐξ ἄκρας φρενός, i. e. superficially, Aesch.
5. of beasts, Il.
6. will, purpose, Soph.
1. the ruffling of a smooth surface: the ripple caused by a gust of wind over the smooth sea, Lat. horror, Od.
2. a bristling up, of the hair, Babr.
1. to be rough or uneven on the surface, to bristle, Lat. horrere, of a corn-field, Il., Eur.; of a line of battle, Il.; of hair or bristles, to bristle up, stand on end, Hes., Theocr.;—c. acc. cogn., φρίςςειν λοφιήν to set up his bristly mane, Od.; φρ. νῶτον Il.; χαίτην Ar.
2. φρίςςοντες ὄμβροι, like Virgil's horrida grando, Pind.
3. ἄςθματι φρίςςων πνοάς ruckling in his throat, of one just dying, id=Pind.
4. of a feeling of chill, when one's skin contracts and forms what we call goose-skin, or when the hair stands up on end:
5. of the effect of cold, to shiver, Hes.
6. of the effect of fear, to shiver, shudder, Aesch., Soph.: c. acc. to shudder at one, Il., Soph.; πέφρικα Ἐρινὺν τελέςαι I tremble at the thought of her accomplishing, Aesch.;—so c. dat., ἐρετμοῖς φρίξουςιν they shall shudder at the oars, Orac. ap. Hdt.:—also c. part., πέφρικα λεύςςων I shudder at seeing, Aesch.; and c. inf. to fear to do, Dem.
7. to thrill with passionate joy, Soph.
1. understanding, wise, shrewd, opp. to ἀφραδής, Il.
1. to think, to have understanding, to be sage, wise, prudent, ἄριςτοι μάχεςθαί τε φρονέειν τε best both in battle and counsel, Il.; τὸ μὴ φρονοῦν, of an infant, Aesch.; οἱ φρονοῦντες the wise, Soph.; τὸ φρονεῖν ͂ φρόνηςις, wisdom, understanding, id=Soph.:—with Advs., εὖ φρονεῖν Hdt., Trag.; καλῶς φρ. Od., etc.
2. to be minded in a certain way, to mean, intend, purpose, c. inf., Il.; φρόνεον [ἰέναι] were minded to go, id=Il.:—absol., φρονῶν ἔπραςςον prudens faciebam, purposely, Soph.; τοῦτο φρονεῖ ἡ ἀγωγὴ ἡμῶν this is what your bringing us here means, Thuc.
3. with a neut. adj., φρ. τινί τι to be so and so minded towards him, πατρὶ φίλα φρονέων kindly minded towards him, Hom.; so, κακὰ φρονέουςι ἀλλήλοιςιν Il.; so with Advs., εὖ φρονεῖν τινι (v. supr.) Od., etc.
4. without a dat., ἀγαθά or κακὰ φρ. Hom.; πυκνά or πυκινὰ φρ. to have wise thoughts, be cunningly minded, Od.; ἐφημέρια φρ. to think only of the passing day, id=Od.; θνητὰ φρ. Eur.; τυραννικὰ φρ. to have tyranny in mind, Ar.; ἀρχαϊκὰ φρ. to have old-fashioned notions, id=Ar.; esp., μέγα φρονεῖν to be high-minded, Il., Soph., etc.; in bad sense, to be presumptuous, conceited, pride oneself, ἐπί τινι on a thing, Plat., etc.; ἐφ̆ ἑαυτῷ μέγα φρ. Thuc.; φρ. μεῖζον ἢ κατ̆ ἄνδρα to have thoughts too high for man, Soph.; ςμικρὸν φρ. to be low- minded, poor- spirited, id=Soph.; ἦςςον, ἔλαςςον φρ. Eur., etc.; οὐ ςμικρὸν φρ. ἔς τινα id=Eur.
5. τά τινος φρονεῖν to be of his mind, of his party, side with him, Hdt., etc.; φρ. τὰ Βραςίδου Ar.; —so ἶςον ἐμοὶ φρονέουςα thinking like me, Il.; τὰ αὐτά, κατὰ τωὐτὸ φρ. to be like- minded, Hdt.
6. to have a thing in one's mind, mind, take heed to a thing, Od., Aeschin., etc.
7. to be in possession of one's senses, to be sensible, be alive, ἔτι φρονέοντα, for ἔτι ζῶντα, Il.; ἐν τῷ φρονεῖν γὰρ μηδὲν ἥδιςτος βίος Soph.:—also to be in one's senses, id=Soph.; φρονῶν οὐδὲν φρονεῖς though in thy wits thou'rt nothing wise, Eur.
1. growth, stature, esp. fine growth, noble stature, Hom.; Νέςτορι εἶδός τε μέγεθός τε φυήν τ̆ ἄγχιςτα ἐῴκει he was like Nestor both in shape and size and stature (or growth), Il.
2. poet. for φύςις, one's natural powers, nature, genius, Pind.
3. the flower or prime of age, id=Pind.
1. flying, runaway, shy, Il., Anth.
1. full of sea-weed, weedy, Il., Theocr.
1. to be shunned or escaped, avoidable, Hom.
1. fut. άξω, to divide into tribes, Plut.
1. absol. to keep watch and ward, keep guard, Hom., attic; ςὺν κυςὶ φυλάςςοντες περὶ μῆλα Il.
2. trans. to watch, guard, keep, defend, Hom., etc.; φυλάττειν τινὰ ἀπό τινος to guard one from a person or thing, Xen.:—also φ. τινὰ μὴ πάςχειν to guard one against suffering, Soph.:—Pass. to be watched, kept under guard, Hdt.
3. to watch for, lie in wait or ambush for, Hom., Thuc.; φ. τὸ ςύμβολον to look out for the signal-fire, Aesch.: to watch, to wait for, observe an appointed time or a fixed event, Hdt., Thuc.; φ. νύκτα to wait for night, Thuc.
4. metaph. to keep, maintain, cherish, χόλον, ὅρκια Il.; φ. ἔπος to observe a command, id=Il.; νόμον Soph.; φ. ςκαιοςύναν to cling to it, foster it, id=Soph.:—Pass., φυλάττεςθαι παρά τινι to be fostered in or by . . , id=Soph.
5. to keep or continue in a place, τόδε δῶμα φυλάςςοις Od.
6. Mid., with perf. pass.,
7. absol. to be on one's guard, keep watch, νύκτα φυλαςςομένοιςι Il.; πεφυλαγμένος εἶναι to be cautious, prudent, id=Il.; so, φυλαςςομένους πορεύεςθαι with caution, Xen.
8. c. acc. to keep a thing by one, bear it in mind, Hes., Soph.
9. to guard, keep safe, καὶ κεφαλὴν πεφύλαξο Orac. ap. Hdt.
10. c. inf. to take care to do, Hdt.
11. c. gen., φυλάςςεςθαι τῶν νεῶν to take care for the ships, be chary of them, Thuc.
12. φυλάςςεςθαί τι or τινα to beware of, be on one's guard against, shun, avoid, Hdt., Aesch.; also φ. πρός τι Thuc.; ἀπό τινος Xen.;—c. part., εἰςορῶν φυλάξομαι I will take care to look on, Soph.;—c. inf., φ. μὴ ποιεῖν to take care not to do, guard against doing, Hdt.; φ. τὸ μὴ γενέςθαι τι Dem.; so, φ. μή or φ. ὅπως μὴ . . , with subj., to take care lest a thing happen, Eur., Xen.: rarely c. gen., τῶν εὖ φύλαξαι Soph.
13. sometimes Act. has sense of Mid., Eur., Plat.
1. a watching or guarding, watch, guard, ward, esp. by night, φυλακῆς μνήςαςθε keep watch and ward, Il.; so, φυλακὰς ἔχειν id=Il.; ὅπως ἀφανὴς εἴη ἡ φ. that there might be nothing visible to watch, Thuc.; φυλακὴν φυλάττειν to keep watch, Xen.; τὰς φ. ποιεῖςθαι id=Xen.; φυλακὰς καταςτήςαςθαι to set watches, Ar.
2. a watch or guard, of persons, Plat., Xen., etc.; ἡ τοῦ ςώματος φ. a body guard, Dem.:— a guard or garrison, Hdt.; ἡ ἐν τῇ Ναυπάκτῳ φ., of a squadron of ships, Thuc.
3. of place, a watch, station, post, Il., Xen.
4. of time, a watch of the night, Hdt., Eur., etc.
5. a place for keeping others in, a ward, prison, Anth., NTest.
6. a watching, guarding, keeping, preserving, whether for security or custody, ἔχειν ἐν φυλακῇ τινά to keep guarded or occupied, Hdt.; τὸν τῆς γλώςςης χαρακτῆρα ἐν φυλακῇ ἔχειν to preserve the same character of language, id=Hdt.; so, διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχειν or ποιεῖςθαί τι, Thuc.:—also, φυλακὴν ἔχειν, ͂ φυλάττεςθαι, to keep guard, be on the watch, περί τινα Hdt.; ἦςαν ἐν φυλακῇςι were on their guard, id=Hdt.
7. guardianship, Arist.
8. a safe-guard, Isocr.
9. (from Mid.) precaution, Plat.
1. trans. to puff or blow up, distend, Ar., Xen.; of bag-pipers, Ar.; φ. τὰς γνάθους to puff them out, Dem.:—Pass. to be inflated, ἡ γαςτὴρ ἐπεφύςητό μοι Ar.
2. metaph. to puff one up, make him vain, and so to cheat, Dem.:—Pass. to be puffed up, ἐπί τινι at a thing, Xen.
3. to blow up, kindle a fire: but also
4. to blow out, extinguish, τὴν λαμπάδα Ar.
5. to blow out, spurt out, Soph.
6. to blow a wind-instrument, Eur., Ar., Theocr.
1. life-producing, Hom.
1. epic part. φυ_ςιόων, intr. to blow, puff, breathe hard, pant, Il., Aesch., Soph.
1. to plant trees, Od., Hdt., etc.:—absol., Hes., Xen.:—Mid. to plant for oneself, Pind.
2. metaph. to beget children, Hes., Hdt., etc.; ὁ φυτεύςας alone, the father, Soph., Eur., etc.; οἱ φυτεύςαντες the parents, Soph.: metaph., ὕβρις φυτεύει τύραννον id=Soph.:—Pass. to spring from parents, τινος, ἔκ or ἀπό τινος Pind., Soph.
3. generally, to produce, bring about, cause, κακόν or κακὰ φυτ. Hom.; φυτ. πῆμα Soph.:—Pass., ὄλβος ςὺν θεῷ φυτευθείς id=Soph.
4. to plant ground with fruit-trees, φυτ. γῆν Thuc.; φυτ. ἀγρόν Xen.:—Pass., γῆ πεφυτευμένη, opp. to ψιλή, Hdt., Dem.
1. that which has grown, a plant, tree, Il., Hes., etc.
2. generally a creature, of men, Eur., Plat.
3. like ἔρνος, of men, a descendant, child, Eur., Theocr.
1. to produce a sound or tone:
2. properly of men, to speak loud or clearly, or simply to speak, Hom., etc.;—c. acc. cogn., ὄπα φωνήςαςα making the voice sound, Od.; so, βέκος φ. to utter the sound βέκος, Hdt.; so with neut. adj., μέγιςτα φωνέειν to have the loudest voice, id=Hdt.; μέγα φ. Aesch.: —absol. to cry aloud, Soph.; to sing, Theocr.
3. of animals, to utter their cries, Arist.; of the cock, to crow, NTest.
4. of a musical instrument, to sound, Eur.; but βροντὴ φ. it has a voice, is significant, Xen.
5. c. acc. pers. to speak to, call to, Il.; c. dat. to cry to, Ζεῦ ἄνα, ςοὶ φωνῶ Soph.
6. to call by name, call, id=Soph., NTest.
7. φ. τινα, c. inf., to command one to do, ςὲ φωνῶ μὴ ςυγκομίζειν Soph.
8. c. acc. rei, to speak or tell of, Aesch., Soph.
1. a sound, tone, properly the sound of the voice, mostly of men, Lat. vox, Hom., etc.; of a battlecry, Xen.; φωνὴν ῥηγνύναι, Virgil's rumpere vocem, to utter an articulate sound, Hdt., Ar.; φ. ἱέναι, Lat. vocem edere, Hdt., etc.: pl. αἱ φ. the tones of the voice, Plat.:—proverb., φωνῇ ὁρᾶν, of a blind man, Soph.
2. the voice or cry of animals, Od., Hdt., etc.
3. any articulate sound, as opp. to inarticulate (ψόφος), Soph., etc.
4. of sounds from inanimate objects, φ. ςυρίγγων Eur.; ὀργάνων Plat.
5. the faculty of speech, discourse, Lat. sermo, Soph.
6. language, Lat. lingua, Hdt.
7. a kind of language, dialect, Aesch., Thuc., etc.
8. a phrase, saying, τὴν Σιμωνίδου φ. Plat.
1. a chest, trunk, coffer, esp. for clothes and linen, Hom.
1. flight, Lat. fuga, the only sense in Hom.; φόβονδε ͂ φύγαδε, μή τι φόβονδ̆ ἀγόρευε counsel not to flight, Il., etc.:— Φόβος is personified as son of Ares, id=Il., Hes.
2. panic fear, such as causes flight, ςτρατῷ φ. ἐμβάλλειν Hdt.:—then generally, fear, terror, properly of the outward show of fear, and so distinguished from de/os (the sensation of fear), Aesch., etc.: the Object of fear is in gen., fear of another, id=Aesch., etc.; so φ. ἀπό τινος Xen.; ἔκ τινος Aesch.; πρός τινος Soph.;—but, φ. περί or ὑπέρ τινος fear for or concerning . . , Thuc.:—with Verbs, ποιεῖν or παρέχειν τινί Xen.; φόβον ἐμβάλλειν, ἐντιθέναι τινί to strike terror into one, Lat. metum incutere alicui, Xen., etc.;—of the person who feels fear, φόβον λαμβάνειν Eur.; φόβος ἔχει με Aesch.; f. e)mpi/ptei moi Xen.; διὰ φόβου ἔρχομαι Eur.:—also in pl., Aesch., etc.
3. an object of terror, a terror; φόβος ἀκοῦςαι a terror to hear, Hdt.:—pl., ἢν φόβους λέγῃ Soph.
1. murder, homicide, slaughter, Hom., Hes., etc.; φ. Ἑλληνικός a slaughter of Greeks, Hdt.: in pl., φόνοι τ̆ ἀνδροκταςίαι τε Od.; φόνοι, ςτάςεις, ἔρις, μάχαι Soph.
2. in law, murder, homicide, φόνου διώκειν τινά to prosecute one for murder, Antipho.; φ. ἑκούςιος and ἀκούςιος murder and manslaughter, Dem.
3. blood shed in murder, gore, ἂμ φόνον, ἂν νέκυας Il.; also, ἐρυγόμενοι φόνον αἵματος clots of blood, Aesch., etc.
4. a corpse, τὸν Ἑλένας φόνον Eur.
5. of the agent of slaughter, φόνον ἔμμεναι ἡρώεςςι to be a death to heroes, Il.; φόνος γενέςθαι τινί Od.
1. the phorminx, a kind of lyre or harp, the oldest stringed instrument of the Greeks, esp. as the instrument of Apollo, Hom.; with seven strings (after Terpander's time), Pind.
1. light, Hom., only in nom. and acc. sg.;
1. like φόβονδε, to flight, to flee, φύγαδ̆ ἔτραπεν ἵππους turned his horses to flight, Il.
1. headlong flight, rout, Hom.
1. a watcher, guard, sentinel, Lat. excubitor, Hom., attic; οἱ φ. the garrison, Thuc., Xen., etc.; φύλακες τοῦ ςώματος body guards, Plat.;—also as fem., κλῇς ἐπὶ γλώςςῃ φ. Soph., Eur., etc.
2. a guardian, keeper, protector, Hes., etc.;—c. gen. objecti, φ. δορός a protector against it, the spear, Eur.
3. an observer, τοῦ δόγματος Plat.; τοῦ ἐπιταττομένου Xen.
4. of things, φύλακες ἐπὶ τοῖς ὠνίοις, of the ἀγορανόμοι, Lys.
1. a leaf; in pl. leaves, or collectively the leaves, foliage of a tree, Hom., Hdt., etc.; οἵη περ φύλλων γενεή, τοίη δὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν as is the generation of leaves, such is that of men, Il.; φύλλοις βάλλειν Eur.; in sg., φύλλον ἐλάας, poet. for ἐλάα, Soph.:—metaph. of choral songs, φύλλ̆ ἀοιδᾶν Pind.
2. of flowers, a petal, Hdt., Theocr.
3. a medicinal herb, Soph.
1. the battle-cry, din of battle, battle, Hom.
1. like φύξιμον, a place of refuge, Plut.
1. to mix something dry with something wet, mostly with a sense of mixing so as to soil or defile, δάκρυςιν εἵματ̆ ἔφυρον they wetted, sullied their garments with tears, Il.; also c. gen., χείλεα φύρςω αἵματος Od.:—Pass., δάκρυςι πεφυρμένη id=Il.; αἵματι οἶκος ἐφύρθη Aesch.
2. of dry things, κόνει φύρουςα κάρα Eur.; γαίαι πεφύρςεςθαι κόμαν to be doomed to have one's hair defiled with earth, Pind.
3. metaph. to mingle together, confuse, ἔφυρον εἰκῆ πάντα they mixed all things up together, did all at random, Aesch., etc.:—Pass. to be mixed up, ἐκ πεφυρμένου καὶ θηριώδους from a confused and savage state, Eur.
4. in Pass. also to mix with others, have dealings with him, Plat.
1. trans., in pres., fut., and aor1 act., to bring forth, produce, put forth leaves, etc., Hom., etc.; so, τρίχας ἔφυςεν made the hair grow, Od.: of a country, φύειν καρπόν τε καὶ ἄνδρας Hdt.
2. of men, to beget, engender, generate, Lat. procreare, Eur., etc.;— ὁ φύςας the begetter, father (opp. to ὁ φύς, the son, v. infr. B. I. 2), Soph.; and of both parents, οἱ φύςαντες Eur.: metaph., ἥδ̆ ἡμέρα φύςει ςε will bring to light thy birth, Soph.; χρόνος φύει ἄδηλα id=Soph.
3. of persons in regard to themselves, φ. πώγωνα to grow or get a beard, Hdt.; φ. πτερά Ar.: hence the joke in φύειν φράτερας, v. fra/thr.
4. metaph., φρένας φύειν to get understanding, Soph.; δόξαν φύειν to form a high opinion of oneself, Hdt.
5. absol. to put forth shoots, ἀνδρῶν γενεὴ ἡ μὲν φύει ἡ δ̆ ἀπολήγει one generation is putting forth scions, the other is ceasing to do so, Il.; δρύες φύοντι Theocr.
6. Pass., with the intr. tenses of Act., viz. aor2, perf. and plup., to grow, wax, spring up, arise, Od.; φύεται αὐτόματα ῥόδα Hdt.; so, τοῦ κέρα ἐκ κεφαλῆς ἑκκαιδεκάδωρα πεφύκει from his head grew horns sixteen palms long, Il., Plat.; τῶν φύντων αἴτιος the cause of the things produced, Dem.
7. of men, to be begotten or born, most often in aor2 and perf., ὁ λωφήςων οὐ πέφυκέ πω he that shall abate it is not yet born, Aesch.; μὴ φῦναι νικᾶι not to have been born were best, Soph.:—c. gen., φῦναι or πεφυκέναι τινός to be born or descended from any one, Aesch., etc.; ἀπό τινος Soph., etc.
8. the perf. and sometimes the aor2 take a pres. sense, to be so and so by nature, πέφυκε κακός, ςοφός Trag., etc.; so, οἱ καλῶς πεφυκότες Soph.:—then, simply, to be so and so, ἔφυς μητὴρ θεῶν Aesch.; ἁπλοῦς ὁ μῦθος τῆς ἀληθείας ἔφυ Eur.
9. c. inf. to be by nature disposed to do so and so, ἔφυν πράςςειν Soph.; φύςει μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν not formed by nature so to speak, id=Soph.; πεφύκαςι ἁμαρτάνειν Thuc.
10. with Preps., φῦναι ἐπὶ δακρύοις to be by nature prone to tears, Eur.; πεφυκὼς πρὸς ἀρετήν Xen.
11. c. dat. to fall to one by nature, be one's natural lot, πᾶςι θνατοῖς ἔφυ μόρος Soph., etc.
12. impers., c. inf., it is natural to do, Arist.:—absol., ὡς πέφυκε as is natural, Xen.
1. a man, Hom., Trag.
2. a man, as opp. to a woman, Od., Soph.; δύ̆ οἰκτρὼ φῶτε, of a man and his wife, Eur.
3. a man, opp. to a god, Il., Aesch.
1. a large piece of cloth, a web, Hom., Eur.
2. like χλαῖνα, a cloak or mantle, worn over the χιτών, Hom., etc.:—used as a shroud or pall, id=Hom., Soph.; also as a coverlet, Soph.
1. speech, talk, Hom.; δήμου φ. the voice or judgment of the people, Od.;— but δήμοιο φῆμις (Od. 15. 468) seems to be the place where the people talk, the place of assembly (ἀγορά).
2. fame, reputation, id=Od.
1. Lat. fucus, sea-weed, sea-wrack, tangle, Il.
2. a red colour prepared from it, rouge, Lat. fucus, Ar., Theocr.
1. a race, tribe, class of men, Hom., etc.; oft. in pl. hosts, swarms, also of other animals, swarms of gnats, Il.; φῦλον ὀρνίθων the race of birds, Soph.
2. a sex, Hes.; τὸ θῆλυ, τὸ ἄρρεν φ. Xen.
3. in closer sense, a race of people, a nation, φῦλα Πελαςγῶν Il.; κελαινὸν φ., of the Aethiopians, Aesch., etc.
4. more closely still, = fulh/ II. 1, a clan or tribe of men acc. to blood or descent, κατὰ φῦλα Il.
1. a pair of bellows, bellows, mostly in pl., Il., Thuc.; in sg., Hdt.
2. a wind, blast, wind in the stomach, in pl., Plat.
3. of fire, a stream or jet, Hhymn.
4. an air-bubble, Luc.
1. to cause to retire, the Act. only in epic redupl. aor2 κέκα^δον, fut. κεκα^δήςω:— to force to retire from, deprive of, τοὺς ψυχῆς κεκαδών Il.; ἀριςτῆας κεκαδήςει θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς Od.
2. Mid. to give way, draw or shrink back, retire, Il.
3. c. gen. to draw back or retire from, χάζεςθε μάχης id=Il., etc.; so, χ. ἐκ βελέων, ὑπ̆ ἔγχεος id=Il.; οὐδὲ δὴν χάζετο ἀνδρός nor in truth was he (or it, the stone) far from the man, i. e. nearly hit him, id=Il.
1. hail, Lat. grando, Il.; pl. a hailshower, hailstorm, Xen., Plat.; χ. ςτρογγύλαι hailstones, Ar.:—metaph. any pelting shower, ὀμβρία χ. Soph.; χ. αἵματος Pind.
1. of copper or bronze, brasen, Hom.; χαλκήιος δόμος, ͂ χαλκεῖον, a forge, Od.; χάλκειον γένος, of the Age of brass, Hes.
1. of copper or bronze, brasen, Lat. aeneus, aheneus, Hom., etc.; χ. Ζεύς a bronze statue of Zeus, Hdt.; ἡ χαλκῆ Ἀθηνᾶ Dem.; χάλκεον ἱςτάναι τινά (v. i(/sthmi A. III).
2. χ. ἀγών a contest for a shield of brass, Pind.
3. metaph. brasen, i. e. stout, strong, χάλκεον ἦτορ, a heart of brass, Il.; ὂψ χ. id=Il.; χ. ὕπνος, i. e. the sleep of death, Virg. ferreus somnus, id=Il.
4. as Subst., v. xalkou=s.
1. Grace, Lat. gratia:
2. outward grace or favour (as we say well or ill favoured), grace, loveliness, Hom., etc.; τῷγε χάριν κατεχεύατ̆ Ἀθήνη over him Athena shed grace, Od.; of persons, pl. graces, charms, id=Od., etc.:—more rarely of things, ἔργοιςι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζειν id=Od.; ἡ τῶν λόγων χ. Dem.
3. grace or favour felt, whether on the part of the Doer or the Receiver:
4. on the part of the Doer, grace, graciousness, kindness, goodwill, τινός for or towards one, Hes., Thuc., etc.
5. on the part of the Receiver, the sense of favour received, thankfulness, thanks, gratitude, Il.; τινός for a thing, οὐδέ τίς ἐςτι χάρις μετόπιςθ̆ εὐεργέων Od.; c. inf., οὔ τις χάρις ἦεν μάρναςθαι one has no thanks for fighting, Il.; χάριν εἰδέναι τινί to acknowledge a sense of favour, feel grateful, id=Il., Hdt., attic:— χ. ἔχειν τινί τινος to feel gratitude to one for a thing, Hdt., attic; χ. ὀφείλειν to owe gratitude, be beholden, Soph.; χάριν κατατίθεςθαί τινι to lay up a store of gratitude with a person, i. e. earn his thanks, Hdt., etc.; χάριν λαμβάνειν τινός to receive thanks from one, Soph.; so, κτᾶςθαι χάριν id=Soph.; χ. κομίςαςθαι Thuc.
6. favour, influence, as opp. to force, χάριτι πλεῖον ἢ φόβῳ id=Thuc.
7. a favour done or returned, a grace, kindness, boon, χάριν φέρειν τινί to confer a favour on one, to please him, do a thing to oblige him, Hom.; χάριν θέςθαι τινί Hdt., attic; so, χ. ὑπουργεῖν τινι Aesch.; παραςχεῖν Soph.; νέμειν id=Soph.; δοῦναι Aesch.:— χ. τίνειν to return a favour, id=Aesch.; ἀντιδιδόναι Thuc.; ἀποδιδόναι Plat.: —χ. ἀποςτερεῖν to withhold a return for what one has received, Plat.
8. a gratification, delight, τινός in or from a thing, Pind., Eur., etc.
9. δαιμόνων χάρις homage due to them, their worship, majesty, Aesch.; so, ὅρκων χ. Eur.; εὐκταία χ. an offering in consequence of a vow, Aesch.
10. Special usages:
11. acc. sg. as adv., χ. τινός in any one's favour, for his pleasure, for his sake, χάριν Ἕκτορος Il.; γλώςςης χάριν for one's tongue's pleasure, i. e. for talking's sake, Hes.:—then much like a prep., Lat. gratia, causa, for the sake of, on account of, τοῦ χάριν; for what reason? Ar.; so, ἐμὴν χάριν, ςὴν χάριν for my, thy pleasure or sake, Lat. mea, tua gratia, Aesch., Eur.:—also, χάριν τινός as far as regards, as to, ἔπους ςμικροῦ χ. Soph.
12. with Preps., εἰς χάριν τινός to do one a pleasure, Thuc.; οὐδὲν εἰς χ. πράςςειν Soph.:— πρὸς χάριν πράςςειν τι id=Soph.; πρὸς χάριν λέγειν Eur., etc.; πρὸς χάριν βορᾶς for the sake of my flesh, for the pleasure of devouring it, Soph.:— πρὸς χάριν alone, as a favour, freely, to their heart's content, id=Soph.:— ἐν χάριτι for one's gratification, pleasure, ἐν χάριτι διδόναι or ποιεῖν τινί τι Xen., Plat.:— διὰ χαρίτων εἶναι or γίγνεςθαί τινι to be on terms of friendship or mutual favour with one, Xen.
13. Χάρις, ιτος, ἡ, as a mythological pr. n., Charis, wife of Hephaestus, Il.
14. mostly in pl. Χάριτες, αἱ, the Charites or Graces, Lat. Gratiae, who confer all grace, even the favour of Victory in the games, Pind.:—in Hom. their number is undefined; Hes. first reduced them to three, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, Thalia.
1. in concrete sense, a source of joy, a joy, delight, τινί to any one, Il.; also, χ. τινός one's delight, Eur.; oft. in pl. joys, delights, Od., etc.
2. a source of malignant joy, Il.; χάρματα ἐχθροῖς Aesch.
3. joy, delight, Od., Hes.
1. Lat. hio, to yawn, gape, τότε μοι χάνοι εὐρεῖα χθών then may earth yawn for me, i. e. to swallow me, Il.; πρὸς κῦμα χανών, of one drowning, Od.
2. to gape (in eager expectation), χάςκοντες κούφαις ἐλπίςι τερπόμεθα Solon; ὅτε δὴ ̆κεχήνη when I was all agape, Ar.; so, πρὸς ταῦτα κεχηνώς id=Ar.; κεχηνότες gaping fools, id=Ar.
3. to yawn (from weariness, ennui, or inattention), id=Ar.
4. more rarely, to speak with open mouth, to utter, Lat. hisco, c. acc., τὰ δεινὰ ῥήματα χανεῖν; Soph.; τοῦτ̆ ἐτόλμηςεν χανεῖν; Ar. Hence
1. the mud, sand, gravel, and rubbish, silt, brought down by torrents, Il.
1. a vessel for water to wash the hands, a basin, Il.
1. dry land, land, ἐπὶ χέρςου, opp. to ἐν πόντῳ, Od.; κύματα κυλινδόμενα προτὶ χέρςον id=Od.; κῦμα χέρςῳ ῥηγνύμενον Il.; χέρςῳ on or by land, Aesch., Eur.
2. as adj., χέρςος, ον, dry, firm, of land, Hdt.; ἐν κονίᾳ χέρςῳ, opp. to πόντῳ, Pind.
3. dry, hard, barren, Hdt., Soph.; χ. λιμήν a harbour left dry, Anth.
4. metaph. barren, without children, of women, Soph.: c. gen. barren of, πυρὰ χέρςος ἀγλαϊςμάτων Eur.
1. Radic. sense, to pour:
2. properly of liquids, to pour out, pour, Hom., etc.; Zeus χέει ὕδωρ, i. e. he makes it rain, Il.; χέει χιόνα βορέας Eur.; absol., χέει it snows, Il.:—Mid. to pour for oneself, esp. of drink-offerings, χοὰς χεόμην νεκύεςςι Od., etc.:—Pass., χέονται κρῆναι they gush forth, Eur.; χυθέντος ποτοῦ ἐς γῆν Soph.
3. χ. δάκρυα to shed tears, Il., Eur.:—Pass., of tears, to pour or gush forth, Hom.; so of blood, to be shed, Aesch.
4. in Pass. to become liquid, melt, thaw, Xen.
5. of solids, to shed, scatter, φύλλα Il.; πτερά Od.; χ. κόνιν κὰκ κεφαλῆς Hom.; χ. καλάμην χθονί, of a mower or reaper (v. kala/mh), Il.
6. like χώννυμι, to throw out earth, so as to form a mound, ςῆμα, τύμβον χ. Hom.
7. χ. δοῦρα to pour or shower spears, Il.; Mid., βέλεα χέοντο they showered their arrows, id=Il.
8. to let fall or drop, ἡνία id=Il.; so, χέειν κρόκου βαφὰς (v. bafh/ II) Aesch.; but, καρπὸν χ., of trees, to produce fruit abundantly, Od.
9. in Pass. to be thrown or heaped up together, Hom., Hdt.
10. in Pass. also of living beings, to pour or stream in a dense mass or throng, Hom.
11. metaph. of sounds, to pour forth, φωνήν, αὐδήν Od.; φθόγγον Aesch.
12. of things that obscure the sight, κατ̆ ὀφθαλμῶν χέεν ἀχλύν shed a dark cloud over the eyes, Il.; πολλὴν ἠέρα χεῦε shed a mist abroad, Od.:—Pass., ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ θάνατος χύτο was shed around him, Il.; νόςος κέχυται Soph.; φρὶξ ἐπὶ πόντον ἐχεύατο (Mid. in pass. sense), Il.
13. of persons, ἀμφ̆ αὐτῶι χυμένη throwing herself around him, Hom.: so in Mid., ἀμφὶ υἱὸν ἐχεύατο πήχεε Il.
14. perf. pass. κέχυμαι, to be wholly engaged in, Δᾶλος, ἐν ἇι κέχυμαι Pind.
1. Lat. anser, the wild goose, Il.: the tame goose, Od., etc.:— νή or μὰ τὸν χῆνα was Socrates' form of oath, instead of Ζῆνα.
1. bereft of a husband, a widow, Lat. vidua, c. gen., χήρη ςευ ἔςομαι, says Andromache to Hector, Il.; χῆραι γυναῖκες widow women, id=Il.; so Eur., etc.
2. from xh/ra was formed the masc. χῆρος (as widower from widow), Anth.
3. χῆρος, α, ον, as adj., in metaph. sense, widowed, bereaved, χῆρα μέλαθρα Eur.; c. gen., φάρςος ςτελεοῦ χῆρον a piece torn from the stem, Anth.
1. a thousand, Lat. mille, Il.: it commonly agrees with its Subst., but is also a Subst. foll. by a gen., χίλιοι Πελοποννηςίων Thuc.:—to express a thousand drachmae, χίλιαι is often used alone, περὶ χιλιῶν κινδυνεύειν Dem.: in military language in sg. with collective nouns, ἵππος χιλίη a thousand horse, Hdt.
1. a she-goat, Lat. capra, Il., Hes., attic
2. Χίμαιρα, ἡ, Chimaera, a firespouting-monster, with lion's head, serpent's tail, and goat's body, killed by Bellerophon, Il.
1. to rejoice, be glad, be delighted Hom., etc.; χ. θυμῶι or ἐν θυμῶι, χ. φρεςὶν ἧιςι id=Hom.:—c. dat. rei, to rejoice at, be delighted with, take delight in a thing, id=Hom., etc.; so, χαίρειν ἐπί τινι Soph., Xen.:— c. part., χαίρω τὸν μῦθον ἀκούςας I rejoice at having heard, Il.; χαίρεις ὁρῶν Eur.; χαίρω φειδόμενος Ar.;— with part. pres. χαίρω sometimes takes the sense of φιλέω, to be wont to do, χαίρουςι χρεώμενοι Hdt., etc.
2. with negat., οὐ χαιρήςεις thou wilt or shalt not rejoice, i. e. thou shalt not go unpunished, shalt repent it, Ar.; so in Hom., οὐδέ τιν̆ οἴω Τρώων χαιρήςειν Il.; so with an interrog., ςὺ χαιρήςειν νομίζεις; Plut.: v. inf. IV. 2
3. imperat. χαῖρε, dual χαίρετον, pl. χαίρετε, is a common form of greeting,
4. at meeting, hail, welcome, Lat. salve, Hom., attic; κῆρυξ Ἀχαιῶν, χαῖρε . . Answ. χαίρω I accept the greeting, Aesch.
5. at taking leave and parting, fare-thee-well, farewell, good-bye, Lat. vale, Od., attic
6. the notion of taking leave or parting appears also in the 3 pers. sg. χαιρέτω, have done with it, away with it, εἴτε ἐγένετο ἄνθρωπος εἴτε ἐςτι δαίμων, χαιρέτω as to the question whether he was born a man or is a divinity, let it be put aside, Hdt.; χαιρέτω βουλεύματα Eur.
7. part. χαίρων, glad, joyful, delighted, Hom.; so, κεχαρηκώς Hdt.
8. joined with another Verb, in the sense of safe, with impunity, Lat. impune, χαίρων ἀπαλλάττει id=Hdt.; with a negat., οὐ χαίρων, Lat. haud impune, to one's cost, οὐ χαίροντες ἐμὲ γέλωτα θήςεςθε id=Hdt.; οὔ τι χαίρων ἐρεῖς Soph.: v. supr. II.
9. in same sense as imperat. (supr. III.), ςὺ δέ μοι χαίρων ἀφίκοιο may'st thou fare well and arrive, Od.; ἀλλ̆ ἑρπέτω χαίρουςα let her go with a benison, Soph.
10. the inf. is used to refer to the word χαῖρε as used in greeting (supr. III. 1), χαίρειν δὲ τὸν κήρυκα προὐννέπω I bid the herald welcome, id=Soph.:—at the beginning of letters the inf. stood alone (λέγει or κελεύει being omitted, as in Lat. S. = salutem, for S. D. = salutem dicit), Κῦρος Κυαξάρηι χαίρειν Xen.
11. in bad sense, like χαιρέτω, ἐᾶν χαίρειν τινά or τι to dismiss from one's mind, put away from one, renounce, Hdt., Ar., etc.; πολλὰ χ. κελεύειν τινά Ar.; so c. dat. pers., πολλὰ χαίρειν ξυμφοραῖς καταξιῶ Aesch.; φράςαι χαίρειν Ἀθηναίοιςι Ar.
1. long, flowing hair, Hom.; and in pl. of a single person, χαίτας πεξαμένη Il.
2. of a horse's mane, id=Il.; of a lion's mane, Lat. juba, Eur., Ar.
3. metaph. of trees, leaves, foliage, in pl., Theocr.
1. to be severe, sore, grievous, like Lat. ingravescere, of storms, Hom.
2. mostly of persons, to be violent, sorely angry, savage, Il., attic:—c. dat. to be angry with others, Hom., etc.; so, χ. ἐπί τινι Od.; πρός τινα Xen.:—also c. dat. pers. et rei, χ. τινὶ τοῖς εἰρημένοις to be angry with him for his words, id=Xen.
3. to provoke to anger, Arist.:—Pass. to be provoked, Xen.
4. in Pass. also, to be treated harshly, Plat.
1. Lat. difficilis:
2. hard to bear, painful, sore, grievous, Hom., Hdt., attic; [θώρακες] δύςφοροι καὶ χ., of ill-fitting cuirasses, Xen.: τὸ χαλεπὸν τοῦ πνεύματος the severity of the wind, id=Xen.; τὰ χαλεπά hardships, sufferings, id=Xen.
3. hard to do or deal with, difficult, Ar., Thuc., etc.; χαλεπὸν ὁ βίος life is a hard thing, Xen.:—c. inf., χαλεπή τοι ἐγὼ ἀντιφέρεςθαι ͂ χαλεπόν ἐςτί μοι ἀντιφέρεςθαί ςοι, Il.; so, χαλεπὸν δέ τ̆ ὀρύςςειν [τὸ μῶλυ] Od.; χ. προςπολεμεῖν ὁ βαςιλεύς Isocr.:— χαλεπόν [ἐςτι], c. inf., 'tis hard, difficult to do, Hom.
4. dangerous, Od., Thuc.
5. of ground, difficult, rugged, Thuc., Xen.; χ. χωρίον a place difficult to take, Xen.
6. of persons, hard to deal with, harsh, severe, stern, strict, Od.; χαλεπώτερος a more bitter enemy, Thuc.; χαλεπώτατοι most difficult to deal with, most dangerous or troublesome, id=Thuc.:—of judges, severe, Hdt., Dem.
7. of savage animals, Xen.
8. ill-tempered, angry, testy, Ar.; ὀργὴν χαλεπός Hdt.
9. adv. xalepw=s, hardly, with difficulty, Lat. aegre, διαγνῶναι χ. ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαςτον 'twas difficult to distinguish, Il.; χ. εὑρίςκειν, opp. to ῥᾳδίως μανθάνειν, Isocr.; οὐ or μὴ χαλ. without much ado, Thuc.
10. hardly, scarcely, δοκέω χ. ἂν Ἕλληνας Πέρςῃςι μάχεςθαι Hdt.; χ. ἂν πείςαιμι Plat.
11. χ. ἔχει ͂ χαλεπόν ἐςτι, Thuc., Xen.
12. painfully, miserably, χαλεπώτερον, -ώτατα ζῆν Plat.; ἐν τοῖς χαλεπώτατα διάγειν to live in the utmost misery, Thuc.
13. of persons, harshly, severely, Eur., Thuc., etc.:— χ. φέρειν τι, like Lat. aegre ferre, Thuc.: often in the phrase χ. ἔχειν, to be angry, Xen.; χ. ἔχειν τινὶ ἐπί τινι to be angry with a person for a thing, Dem.; χ. διακεῖςθαι πρός τινα Plat.
14. χ. ἔχειν, also, = Lat. male se habere, id=Plat.
1. a bridle, bit, Il.; χαλινὸν ἐμβαλεῖν γνάθοις Eur.:—of the horse, χαλινὸν οὐκ ἐπίςταται φέρειν Aesch.; χ. δέχεςθαι Xen.; χ. ἐνδακεῖν to champ the bit, Plat.:—of the rider, τὸν χ. διδόναι to give a horse the rein, Xen.; ὀπίςω ςπᾶν Plat.
2. metaph. of anything which curbs or restrains, of an anchor, Pind.; χαλινοῖς ἐν πετρίνοιςι, of Prometheus bound to the rock, Aesch.
3. generally, a strap or thong, Eur. Hence
1. fitted with brass, tipped with brass, of arms, Il.
1. Chalcis in Euboea, said to have its name from neighbouring copper-mines, Il., Hes.:—the people were Χαλκιδεῖς, ionic -έες, acc. -έας, Hdt., Ar.
1. smith's work, opp. to τεκτονική (joiner's work), Plat.
1. with brasen breastplate, Il.
1. with voice of brass, i. e. strong and clear, Il., Hes.
1. a worker in copper, a smith, opp. to τέκτων (a joiner), Il.
2. generally, a worker in metal, a smith, Od., Hdt., etc.
1. to make of copper or (generally) of metal, to forge, Il., Soph., etc.:—Mid. to forge for oneself, Theogn., Ar.:—Pass. to be wrought or forged, Ar.
2. absol. to be a smith, work as a smith, ply the hammer, id=Ar., Thuc.; τὸ χαλκεύειν the smith's art, Xen.
1. heavy or loaded with brass, Hom.:—also fem. χαλκοβάρεια, (as if from xalko/barus), id=Hom.
1. standing on brass, with brasen base, or with floor of brass, χαλκοβατὲς δῶ, of the house of Zeus, Hom.
1. with point or barb of brass, Il.
1. brass-greaved, Il.
1. armed or equipt with brass, Il.
1. with cheeks or sides of brass, of helmets, Hom.; of a javelin, Pind.
1. brass-clad, Il.
1. a copper coin, 1/8 an obol, somewhat less than a farthing, Dem., etc.
1. of horses, to express the solid strength of their hoofs, brass-hoofed, Il.; χ. Ἐρινύς, to express her untiring pursuit, Soph.; χαλκόπους ὀδός, simply, the threshold of brass, id=Soph.
1. copper, Lat. aes, Hom., etc.; called in reference to its colour, ἐρυθρός, Il.:—copper was the first metal wrought for use, τοῖς δ̆ ἦν χάλκεα μὲν τεύχη χάλκεοι δέ τε οἶκοι, χαλκῷ δ̆ ἐργάζοντο, μέλας δ̆ οὐκ ἔςκε ςίδηρος Hes.:—hence χαλκός came to be used for metal in general; and, when men learnt to work iron, χαλκός was used for ςίδηρος, and χαλκεύς came to mean a blacksmith. χαλκός also meant bronze (i. e. copper alloyed with tin), not brass (i. e. copper alloyed with zinc, which was a later invention), and this was its sense when applied to arms.
2. anything made of brass or metal, as a spear, sword, knife, etc., Il.; χαλκὸν ζώννυςθαι of a warrior girding on his armour, id=Il., etc.
3. of vessels, a copper, caldron, urn, Hom., etc.
4. of a brasen mirror, Anth.
5. a copper coin, like χαλκοῦς II, id=Anth.
1. pass. struck with brass, inflicted with brasen arms, Il.
1. to the ground, on the ground, Il., Aesch.
1. on the earth, on the ground, Lat. humi, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. metaph., χ. καλύπτειν to bury underground, Pind.; χ. ἔρχεςθαι to be humble, modest, Luc.
3. = xama=ze, xama/dis, Il., Eur.
1. lying, sleeping on the ground, Il.:—fem. χα^μαι^-ευνάς, άδος, Od.
1. to the ground, on the ground, Lat. humi, Hom., Eur., Ar.
1. to take in, hold, comprise, contain, λέβης τέςςαρα μέτρα κεχανδώς a caldron containing four measures, Il.; οὐκ ἐδυνήςατο πάςας αἰγιαλὸς νῆας χαδέειν the beach could not hold all the ships, id=Il.; hρηι δ̆ οὐκ ἔχαδε ςτῆθος χόλον the breast of Hera could not contain her rage, id=Il.; ὡς οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον as much as his hands could hold, Od.
2. metaph. to be capable, ἤυςεν ὅςον κεφαλὴ χάδε Il.; κεκραξόμεςθά γ̆ ὁπόςον ἡ φάρυγξ ἂν χανδάνηι Ar.
1. a mountain stream, a torrent, which cuts itself (χαράςςει) a way down the mountain-side, Il.:—hence, a loud, brawling voice is compared to the φωνὴ χαράδρας, Ar.
2. the bed of a torrent, a gully, ravine, Il., etc.
3. a conduit for carrying rain-water off a road, Dem.
1. graceful, beautiful, lovely, Hom.
2. in attic graceful, elegant, accomplished, οἱ χαρίεντες men of taste and refinement, men of education, Isocr., Plat.
3. so of things, graceful, elegant, neat, pretty, Ar., Plat.; —iron., χαρίεν γάρ, εἰ . . it would be a pretty thing, if . . ! Xen.
4. adv. xarie/ntws, gracefully, elegantly, neatly, daintily, cleverly, Plat.
5. kindly, courteously, Isocr.
6. the neut. as adv., when it was written proparox. χάριεν, Ar., Plat.
1. to say or do something agreeable to a person, shew him favour or kindness, to oblige, gratify, favour, humour, Lat. gratificari, c. dat. pers., Hom., Hdt., attic:—absol. to make oneself agreeable, court favour, comply, Aesch., Dem.; c. dat. modi, μή μοι ψεύδεςςι χαρίζεο do not court favour with me by lies, Od.; τῶι αὐτῶι by the same arts, Thuc.
2. in attic to gratify or indulge a humour or passion, like Lat. indulgere, θυμῶι Soph.; γλώςςηι Eur.; etc.
3. to humour another in argument, i. e. let him have the best of it, Plat.
4. c. acc. rei, to offer willingly, give cheerfully, give freely, Hom., Hdt., attic
5. c. gen. partit. to give freely of a thing, χ. ἀλλοτρίων Od.; χαριζομένη παρεόντων giving freely of such things as were ready, id=Od.
6. c. acc. pers. to give up as a favour, i. e. not after lawful trial, NTest., Plut.
7. to forgive, Lat. condonare, NTest.
8. Pass. to be pleasing, agreeable, τοῖςι Εὐβοέεςςι ἐκεχάριςτο it was done to please the Euboeans, Hdt.; ταῦτα μὲν οὖν μνήμηι κεχαρίςθω Plat.:—adv. kexarisme/nws, Ar.
1. c. inf. to crave, long to do a thing, Od.; absol., χατέοντί περ ἔμπης Il.; μάλα περ χατέουςα Od.
2. c. gen. to crave, have need of, id=Od.
1. to have need of, crave, c. gen., Hom.: absol., οὐδὲ χατίζων nor in want [of anything], id=Hom.: χατίζων a needy, poor person, Hes.
2. to lack, be without, χ. ἔργοιο, i. e. to be idle, id=Hes.:— Mid. to fail, be wanting, Aesch.
1. the hand, Hom., etc.: also the hand and arm, the arm, χεῖρα μέςην ἀγκῶνος ἔνερθεν Il.; χεῖρες ἀπ̆ ὤμων ἀί̈ςςοντο Hes.; so, ἐν χερςὶ πεςεῖν into the arms, Il., etc.; ἄκρη χείρ, to denote the hand as distinct from the arm, id=Il.
2. Special usages:
3. to denote position, ἐπ̆ ἀριςτερὰ χειρός Od.; ἐπὶ δεξιὰ χειρός Pind.; λαιᾶς χειρός on the left hand, Aesch.; ποτέρας τῆς χειρός; on which hand? Eur.
4. the dat. is common with Verbs which imply the use of hands, χειρὶ λαβεῖν, χερςὶν ἑλέςθαι, etc., Hom., etc.
5. the gen. is used when one takes a person by the hand, χειρὸς ἔχειν τινά Il.; χειρὸς ἑλών id=Il.
6. the acc. is used when one takes the hand of a person, χεῖρα γέροντος ἑλών id=Il.; χεῖράς τ̆ ἀλλήλων λαβέτην, in pledge of good faith, id=Il.
7. other uses of the acc.:
8. of suppliants, χεῖρας ἀναςχεῖν θεοῖς, in prayer, id=Il.; χεῖρας ἀμφιβάλλειν γούναςι or δείρῃ Od.; also, χεῖρας αἴρειν is to hold up hands in voting, Xen., etc.:— χεῖρα ὑπερέχειν τινός or τινί to hold the hand over him as a protector, Il.
9. in hostile sense, χεῖρας or χεῖρα ἐπιφέρειν τινί, ἐφιέναι τινί Hom.
10. χεῖρας ἀπέχειν τινός to keep hands off a person or thing, Lat. abstinere manus ab aliquo, id=Hom.
11. with Preps., ἀπὸ χειρὸς λογίζεςθαι to reckon off hand, roughly, Ar.:— διὰ χερῶν λαβεῖν, literally, to take between the hands, Soph.; διὰ χειρὸς ἔχειν to have in hand, i. e. under control, Thuc.; and so, to have a work in hand, id=Thuc.: —so, εἰς χεῖρας λαμβάνειν to take in hand, undertake, Eur.; ἄγεςθαί τι ἐς χεῖρας Hdt.; ἐς χεῖρας ἱκέςθαι τινός to fall into his hands, Il.; ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθεῖν, ἰέναι τινί to come to blows or close quarters with, Lat. manum conserere cum aliquo, Aesch., Soph.; Hdt. expresses this by ἐς χειρῶν νόμον ἀπικέςθαι:—also, εἰς χεῖρας δέχεςθαι or ὑπομένειν to await their charge, Xen., Thuc.: —ἐκ χειρός from near at hand, close, Lat. cominus, Xen.:— ἐν χερςίν or ἐν χειρὶ ἔχειν, like διὰχειρὸς ἔχειν, to have in hand, be engaged in, Hdt., Plat.; ἐν χερςί hand to hand, Lat. cominus, Thuc.:— κατὰ χειρός, of washing the hands before meals, ὕδωρ κατὰ χειρός or κατὰ χειρὸς ὕδωρ (sc. φερέτω τις), Ar.:— μετὰ χερςὶν ἔχειν between i. e. in, the hands, Il.; but, μετὰ χεῖρας ἔχειν to have in hand, be engaged in, Hdt., Thuc.:— πρὸ χειρῶν close before one, Soph., Eur.:— πρὸς χεῖρα at a sign given by hand, Soph.:— ὑπὸ χεῖρα ποιεῖςθαι to bring under one's power, Xen.; cf. ὑποχείριος.
12. to denote act or deed, as opp. to mere words, in pl., ἔπεςιν καὶ χερςὶν ἀρήξειν Il.; χερςίν τε ποςίν τε id=Il.; χερςὶν ἢ λόγῳ Soph.; μιᾷ χειρί single- handed, Dem.; χειρὶ καὶ ποδὶ καὶ πάςῃ δυνάμει Aeschin.:—esp. of deeds of violence, πρὶν χειρῶν γεύςαςθαι before we try force, Od.; ἀδίκων χειρῶν ἄρχειν to give the first blow, Xen.
13. like Lat. manus, a body of men, a band, number, Hdt., Thuc.; πολλῇ χ. Eur.; οἰκεία χείρ, for χεὶρ οἰκετῶν, id=Eur.
14. one's hand, i. e. handwriting, NTest.: also a handiwork, a work of art, ςοφαὶ χέρες Anth.
15. of any implement resembling a hand:
16. a kind of gauntlet or target, Xen.
17. χ. ςιδηρᾶ a grappling- iron, grapnel, Thuc.
1. of persons, worse, meaner, inferior, Hom., etc.; ςὺ μὲν ἐςθλός, ἐγὼ δὲ ςέθεν πολὺ χείρων Il.: in moral sense, worse than others, a knave, Soph., Thuc., etc.
2. worse in quality, inferior, Il.; χ. εἰς τὴν ἀρετήν Plat.; χ. τὰ πολεμικά Xen.; c. inf., χ. ποιεῖν id=Xen.
3. of things, inferior, Il., Xen.
4. worse, more severe, νόςος Eur.; μοῖρα Plat.
5. the neut. is used,
6. as a Subst., τὰ χερείονα the worse advice, ill counsels, Il.: —ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον τρέπεςθαι, κλίνειν to fall off, get worse, Xen.
7. χεῖρόν τινι (sc. ἔςτι or ἔςται) it is or will be worse for one, Od., Xen.; οὐ χεῖρον, in an answer, 'tis well, Ar.
8. as adv., like Lat. pejus, worse, χεῖρον βουλεύεςθαι Thuc.; βιῶναι, ζῆν Plat.
9. in inferior degree, less, Xen., etc.
10. Sup. χείριςτος, η, ον worst, Lat. pessimus, Plat., etc.: esp. οἱ χείριςτοι men of lowest degree, Xen.
1. a hole, esp. of serpents, Il., Pind.
1. winter-flowing, swollen by rain and melted snow, ποταμὸς χ. Il., Hdt.; παρὰ ῥείθροιςι χειμάρροις Soph.; φάραγγες ὕδατι χειμάρρῳ ῥέουςαι Eur.
2. as Subst. (without ποταμός), a torrent, Xen., Dem.
3. like χαράδρα II. 2, a conduit, Dem.
1. wintry, stormy, Il., Hes., Soph.; ὥρη χειμερίη the wintry or stormy season, Od., Hes.; ἦμαρ χ. Il.; οἱ χειμεριώτατοι μῆνες the most wintry, stormy months, Hdt.; χ. νύξ a stormy night (in summer time), Thuc.; ἀκτὰ χειμερία κυματοπλήξ a shore stricken by the wintry waves, Soph.
2. metaph., χ. λύπη raging pain, id=Soph.— χειμέριος generally means wintry, stormy, χειμερινός in the winter season.
1. winter, opp. to θέρος, il., attic; χειμῶνος in winter-time, Xen.; τοῦ χ. in the course of the winter, Thuc.; χειμῶνα during winter, Soph.; τὸν χ. during the winter, Hdt., Xen.
2. the wintry quarter of the heavens, the north, Βορέας καὶ χ. Hdt.
3. wintry weather, a winter-storm, and generally a storm, Hom., Hdt., attic; χ. κατερράγη Hdt.; ἐπέπεςέ ςφι χ. μέγας id=Hdt.; ὦρςε θεὸς χειμῶνα Aesch.; χ. νοτερός a storm of rain, Thuc.:— in pl., ὑπὸ τῶν χ. by means of the winter-storms, Hdt.
4. metaph., θεόςςυτος χ. a storm of calamity sent by the gods, Aesch.; δορὸς ἐν χειμῶνι in the storm of battle, Soph.; θολερῷ χ. νοςήςας, of the madness of Ajax, id=Soph.
1. meaner, inferior, in rank, worth or wealth, Hom.
2. of things, οὔ τι χέρειον 'tis not the worse part, i. e. 'tis the better part, Od.
3. besides this, we have several irreg. forms (as if from a nom. xe/rhs), dat. χέρηι, acc. χέρηα, nom. pl. χέρηες, acc. neut. χέρηα, all used in compar. sense, χώςεται ἀνδρὶ χέρηι shall be wroth with a man of meaner rank, Il.; ἐςθλὰ μὲν ἐςθλὸς ἔδυνε, χέρηα δὲ χείρονι δόςκεν, where ἐςθλά ἐςθλός and χέρηα χείρονι are evidently correlative, id=Il.; with a gen., εἷο χέρηα inferior to himself, id=Il.; χέρηα πατρός Od.
1. a large stone, a boulder, used as a missile, Hom.
1. Mid.
2. to wash one's hands, esp. before sacrifice, Il., Ar., etc.
3. to sprinkle with holy water, purify or dedicate thereby, Eur.
1. a woman that spins for daily hire, Il.
1. a lip, Lat. labrum, Hom., etc.; proverb., χείλεςι γελᾶν to laugh with the lips only, Il.; χείλεα μέν τ̆ ἐδίην̆, ὑπερῴην δ̆ οὐκ ἐδίηνεν wetted the lips, but not the palate, i. e. drank sparingly, id=Il.; ἀπὸ χειλέων, opp. to ἀπὸ καρδίας, with "lip-service, " Plut.
2. of birds, a bill, beak, Eur.
3. metaph. of things, the edge, brink, brim, rim, of a bowl, Od., Hdt., etc.; of a ditch, Il., Hdt.; of rivers, Hdt.
1. that which is poured, a stream, Il., Trag.
2. that into which water is poured, a bowl, Hdt.
1. a large chest or coffer, Hom., Theocr.
1. a hole, cleft, hollow, Il.;of a mouse's hole, Babr.
1. kinsmen, who divide the property of one who dies without heirs (χῆρος) Il.
1. trans. to make desolate, χήρωςε δ̆ ἀγυιάς Il.; χήρωςας γυναῖκα thou did'st widow her, id=Il.
2. c. gen. to bereave of a thing, Anth.:—Pass., Ἄργος ἀνδρῶν ἐχηρώθη Hdt.
3. intr., like χηρεύω, to be bereft of, τινός Theogn.
1. near the ground, on the ground, flat, Hom., Theocr.
1. of yesterday, τὸ χθιζὸν χρεῖος their yesterday's debt, Il.; ὁ χθ. πόνος yesterday's labour, Hdt.; in adverb. sense, with Verbs, χθιζὸς ἔβη he went yesterday, Il.; χθ. ἤλυθες Od., etc.:—neut. χθιζόν as adv. = xqe/s, Hom.; so pl. χθιζά, v. prw/izos.
1. the earth, ground, Hom., Trag.;—to denote life upon the earth, ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο Il.; χθόνα δῦναι to go beneath the earth, i. e. to die, id=Il.; κατὰ χθονὸς κρύπτειν τινά Soph.; κούφα ςοι χθὼν ἐπάνω πέςοι Eur.
2. of the nether world, οἱ ὑπὸ χθονός, i. e. those in the shades below, Lat. inferi, Aesch.; κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί, i. e. the Erinyes, id=Aesch.
3. earth, i. e. the whole earth, the world, id=Aesch., Soph.
4. Earth, as a goddess, Aesch.
5. a particular land or country, of Ithaca, Od.; of Libya, Pind.; χθὼν Ἀςιᾶτις, Δωρίς, Ἀργεία, Ἑλλάς, Ἰδαία, etc., Trag.
1. the garment worn next the skin, a frock, Lat. tunica:
2. in early times, a man's frock, Hom.; sometimes with a girdle, and reaching to the feet (τερμιόεις), Od.; of linen, id=Od.; over it was worn a mantle (φᾶρος, χλαῖνα), which was laid aside in the house.
3. in later times we hear of two sorts of χιτών, the Ionian and the Dorian;—the Ionian like the Homeric, but worn by women, as well as men, Hdt.; disused by the men about the time of Pericles, Thuc.;—Dorian adopted at Athens when the Ionian was laid aside. The Dorian χιτών was also worn by Spartan women, being open at the side (ςχιςτός), and fastened with περόναι, Hdt.—Over this χιτών was worn the ἱμάτιον.
4. of soldiers, a coat of mail, of leather covered with scales or rings, Il., Hdt.
5. the upper leather of a shoe, in pl., Xen.
6. metaph. any coat, case, or covering, λάϊνος χιτών (v. la/i+nos); τειχέων κιθῶνες, i. e. walls, Hdt.; of a serpent's skin, Eur.
1. snow, Hom., etc.; νιφάδες χιόνος snow flakes, Il.; χιὼν πίπτουςα Hdt.; χιόνι κατανίφει Ar.
2. snow-water, ice-cold water, Eur.
1. Lat. laena, a large square upper-garment, a cloak, mantle, Hom.; it was made of wool, and worn over the χιτών, thrown over the shoulders, fastened with a pin or brooch (περόνη). — It is also called φᾶρος by Hom., and in later Greek ἱμάτιον, Latin pallium.
1. Epic epith. of the wild boar, of unknown sense and deriv., perh. for χλο-εύνης, couching in the greenwood, χλ. ςῦς ἄγριος Il.; χλοῦναι ςύες Hes.
1. greenish-yellow (like young grass or leaves), pale-green, light-green, green, grassy, Od., Soph., Eur.; ςίτου ἔτι χλωροῦ ὄντος Thuc.
2. yellow, of honey, Hom.; ἀμφὶ χλωρὰν ψάμαθον on the yellow sand, Soph.
3. generally, pale, pallid, bleached, χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους Il.;—then, as an epith. of fear, χλωρὸν δέος Hom.:— yellow, pallid, of persons affected by the plague, Thuc.
4. without regard to colour, green, i. e. fresh, Od., Ar.
5. metaph. fresh, living, χλωρὸν αἷμα Soph., Eur.; χλωρὸν δάκρυ, like θαλερὸν δάκρυ, the fresh, bursting tear, Eur.; χλ. μέλεα fresh, young limbs, Theocr.
1. commonly in pl. χολάδες, the bowels, intestines, guts, Il.; made into harp-strings, Anth.
1. to be full of black bile, to be melancholy mad, Ar.
2. = xolo/omai, to be angry, Mosch.; so in Pass., Theogn.
1. angry, wrathful, Hom.
1. to make angry, provoke, anger, Hom., Soph.
2. Mid. and Pass. to be angered or provoked to anger, Hom.; βαςιλῆι χολωθείς angry with the king, Il.; c. gen., κεχολωμένος τινός angry because of a person or thing, Hom.
1. choral dancing, Il., Anth.
1. a round dance, used at banquets and festive occasions, Hom., Hes.:—at Athens, the χορὸς κύκλιος performed round the altar of Dionysus, Hdt., Eur., etc.
2. from the Dionysiac Chorus arose the Attic Drama, which consisted at first of tales inserted in the intervals of the Dance (ἐπειςόδια), recited by a single actor: this dramatic chorus was either τραγικός consisting usually of 15 persons, or κωμικός of 24. When a Poet wished to bring out a piece, he asked a Chorus from the Archon, and the expenses, being great, were defrayed by some rich citizen (the χορηγός): it was furnished by the Tribe and trained originally by the Poet himself (hence called χοροδιδάςκαλος).
3. a chorus, choir, i. e. a band of dancers and singers, Hhymn., Pind.
4. generally, a choir or troop, τέκνων Eur.; also of things, χ. ςκευῶν a row of dishes, Xen.; χ. ὀδόντων a row of teeth, whence the joke of οἱ πρόςθιοι χοροί, for the front teeth, Ar.
5. a place for dancing, λείηναν χορόν Od., etc.
1. from the sense of consulting or using an oracle (v. xra/w3 ) comes the common sense to use, Lat. uti, Il., etc.; φρεςὶ κέχρητ̆ ἀγαθῆιςι he was endowed with a good heart, Od.: c. dat., χρῆςθαι ἀργυρίωι to have money to use for a purpose, use it thereon, Plat.; χρ. ναυτιλίηιςι, θαλάςςηι Hdt., Thuc.
2. in various relations, ὀργῆι or θυμῶι χρῆςθαι to indulge one's anger, give vent to it, Hdt.
3. of external things, to experience, suffer, be subject to, νιφετῶι id=Hdt.; χρ. γαληνείαι to have fair weather, Eur.; ὁμολογίαι χπ. to come to an agreement, Hdt.; ζυγῶι χρ. δουλίωι to become a slave, Aesch.; ςυμφορῆι, ςυντυχίηι, εὐτυχίηι χρ., Lat. uti fortuna mala, prospera, Hdt., etc.; νόμοις χρ. to live under laws, Eur.; χρ. ἀνομίαι Xen., etc.:—in many cases, χρῆςθαι merely paraphrases the Verb cognate to its dat., μόρωι χρ. i. e. to die, Hdt.; ὠνῆι καὶ πράςει χρ. ͂ ὠνεῖςθαι καὶ πιπράςκειν, to buy and sell, id=Hdt.; χρ. δραςμῶι ͂ διδράςκειν, Aeschin.; χρ. φωνῆι ͂ φωνεῖν, διαβολῆι χρ. ͂ διαβάλλεςθαι etc., Plat.
4. χρῆςθαί τινι εἴς τι to use for an end or purpose, Hdt., Xen., etc.; ἐπί τι or πρός τι Xen.;—also with neut. adj. as adv., χρ. τινι ὅ τι βούλεταί τις to make what use one likes of him, Hdt.; ἀπορέων ὅ τι χρήςεται not knowing what to make of it, id=Hdt.; τί χρήςομαι τούτωι; what use shall I make of him? Ar.; οὐκ ἂν ἔχοις ὅ τι χρῶιο ςαυτῶι Plat.
5. of persons, χρῆςθαί τινι, with an adv. of manner, to treat him so and so, χρῆςθαί τινι ὡς ἀνδρὶ ψεύςτηι Hdt.; χρῆςθαί τινι ὡς φίλωι Thuc.; also, φιλικῶς χρῆςθαί τινι Xen.; but ὡς is often omitted, ἔμοιγε χρώμενος διδαςκάλωι Aesch., etc.:—also, χρῆςθαί τινι (without φίλωι) like Lat. uti for uti familiariter, to be intimate with a man, Xen.:—absol., οἱ χρώμενοι friends, id=Xen.
6. χρῆςθαι ἑαυτῶι to make use of one's powers, Plat.; also, παρέχειν ἑαυτόν τινι χρῆςθαι to place oneself at the disposal of another, Xen.
7. absol., or with an adv., οὕτω χρῶνται οἱ Πέρςαι so the Persians are wont to do, such is their custom, id=Xen.
8. perf. κέχρημαι (in pres. sense), to be in need or want of, to yearn after, c. gen., Hom., Soph., Eur.:—part. κεχρημένος used as an adj., needy, in need, poor, Od., Hes., Eur.
9. the perf. appears as a strengthd. pres., to have in use, and so to have, possess, φρεςὶ γὰρ κέχρητ̆ ἀγαθῆιςι Od.
10. aor1 pass. χρηςθῆναι, to be used, αἱ νέες οὐκ ἐχρήςθηςαν Hdt.; ἕως ἂν χρηςθῆι so long as it be in use, Dem.
11. for χρή, v. sub voc.
1. to furnish what is needful
2. Act. of gods and oracles, to furnish the needful answer, to declare, pronounce, proclaim, χρήςω βουλὴν Διός Hhymn.; ἡ Πυθίη οἱ χρᾶι τάδε Hdt., etc.: c. inf. to warn or direct by oracle, χρήςαντ̆ ἐμοὶ ἐκτὸς αἰτίας εἶναι that I should be, Aesch.; τοῦ θεοῦ χρήςαντος Thuc.
3. Pass. to be declared, proclaimed by an oracle, τίς οὖν ἐχρήςθη; Eur.; of the oracle, τὰ χρηςτήρια ταῦτά ςφι ἐχρήςθη Hdt.; πείθου τὰ χρηςθέντ̆ Soph.: impers., c. inf., καί ςφι ἐχρήςθη ἀνέμοιςι εὔχεςθαι Hdt.
4. Mid. to consult a god or oracle, to inquire of a god or oracle, consult him or it, c. dat., ψυχῆι χρηςόμενος Τειρεςίαο Od.; χρ. θεῶι, Lat. uti oraculo, Hdt., etc. —From the sense of using an oracle comes the general sense of χράομαι to use (v. xra/omai):—absol. to consult the oracle, Od., Hdt.; οἱ χρώμενοι the consulters, Eur.:—perf. part., κεχρημένος one who has received an oracular response, Arist.
5. to furnish with a thing, in which sense κίχρημι was the pres. in use, with fut. χρήςω: aor1 ἔχρηςα: perf. κέχρηκα:— Mid., pres. in use κίχραμαι, aor1 ἐχρηςάμην: — to furnish the use of a thing, i. e. to lend, Hdt., Ar., etc.:—Mid. to have furnished one, borrow, Eur.; πόδας χρήςας, ὄμματα χρηςάμενος having lent feet and borrowed eyes, of a blind man carrying a lame one, Anth.
1. that which one needs must pay, an obligation, debt, Od.; a debt for stolen cattle, Il.; χρεῖος ἀποςτήςαςθαι to pay a debt in full, id=Il.; ἀρᾶς τίνει χρ. pays the debt demanded by the curse, Aesch.; χρέος πόλει προςάπτειν to attach a further debt, i.e. guilt to the city, Soph.; χρέος ἀποδιδόναι to repay a debt, Hdt., Ar.:—in pl. debts, χρειῶν λύςις Hes.; τὴν οὐςίαν ἅπαςαν χρέα κατέλιπε left all the property in outstanding debts, Dem.
2. a needful business, an affair, matter, ἑὸν αὐτοῦ χρεῖος Od.: a requirement, a purpose, Soph.: c. gen., like χάριν, for the sake of, ςὸν οὐκ ἔλαςςον ἢ κείνης χρέος Eur.
3. like χρῆμα, a thing, τί χρέος; ͂ τί χρῆμα; wherefore? Aesch.; ἐφ̆ ὅ τι χρ. ἐμόλετε; Eur.
4. in Od., ἦλθον Τειρεςίαο κατὰ χρέος seems to be = *teiresi/a| xrhso/menos, I came to consult him:—but, κατὰ χρέος according to what is due, as is meet, Hhymn.
5. a duty, task, charge, office, Pind., Trag.
6. = xrei/a, want, need, τί δὲ τοῦδ̆ ἔχει πλέκους χρέος; Ar.
1. it is fated, necessary, Aesch., etc.; οὐδὲ ἓν ἴαμα ὅ τι χρῆν προςφέροντας ὠφελεῖν no one remedy which one was sure to do good by administering, Thuc.:—c. inf. it must, must needs, one must or ought to do, Hom., attic; more often, like Lat. oportet, c. acc. pers. et inf. one must, one must needs, it behoves, befits one to . . , οὐδέ τί ςε χρὴ νηλεὲς ἦτορ ἔχειν Il., etc.; often the inf. must be supplied from the context, τίπτε μάχης ἀποπαύεαι; οὐδέ τί ςε χρή (sc. ἀποπαύεςθαι), why cease from battle? for it behoves thee not, Il.; so, ὅθι χρὴ πεζὸν ἐόντα (sc. μάρναςθαι) Od.; ἐπιπλεύςειέ τις ὡς χρή (sc. ἐπιπλεῦςαι) Thuc.:—absol., ἐρεῖ τις, οὐ χρῆν [sc. τοῦτο ποιεῖν], ἀλλὰ τί χρῆν εἴπατε Eur. ap. Ar.
2. c. acc. pers. et gen. rei, οὐδέ τί ςε χρὴ ἀφροςύνης thou hast no need of imprudence, i. e. it does not befit thee, Il.; μυθήςεαι ὅττεό (i. e. ὅτου) ςε χρή thou wilt say what thou hast need of, Od.
3. sometimes in a less strong sense, πῶς χρὴ τοῦτο περᾶςαι; how is one to get through this? Theocr.
4. τὸ χρῆν (inf.) = xrew/n, fate, destiny, Eur.
1. to touch on the surface: to rub or anoint with scented unguents, Hom.; λόεον καὶ χρῖον ἐλαίωι Od.; πέπλον χρ. to infect with poison, Soph.; metaph., ἱμέρωι χρίςας̆ οἰςτόν Eur.:—Mid. to anoint oneself, Od., Hes.: c. acc. rei, χρίεςθαι ἰούς to anoint (i. e. poison) one's arrows, Od.:—Pass., χρίεςθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἡλίου, of a dead body left exposed to the sun, Hdt.
2. to rub over with colour: Pass. to be coloured, id=Hdt.:—Mid., χρίεςθαι τὰ ςώματα to smear their bodies, Xen.
3. to wound on the surface, prick, sting, Aesch.:—Pass., ὀξυςτόμωι μύωπι χριςθεῖς̆ id=Xen.
1. to ward off from one, c. acc. rei et dat. pers., ὄλεθρόν τινι χρ. Il.
2. c. dat. pers. only, to defend any one, help, aid, succour, avail him, id=Il.; χραιςμεῖν τι to assist, avail at all, id=Il.
1. to scrape, graze, wound slightly, ὅν ῥά τε ποιμὴν χραύςῃ Il.; cf. ἐγχραύω, ἐπιχράω.
1. to neigh, whinny, Lat. hinnire, of horses, Il., Hdt., etc.
1. want, need; hence desire, longing, urgent wish, Hom.; ἦ τι μάλα χρεώ of a truth something is much needed, Il.; χρειοῖ ἀναγκαίῃ by dire necessity, id=Il.; c. gen., χρειὼ ἐμεῖο want, need of me, Hom.
2. χρειὼ ἱκάνεται want, necessity arises, id=Hom.; so, χρειὼ γίγνεται Il.; τίπτε δέ ςε χρειὼ δεῦρ̆ ἤγαγε; Od.
3. χρ. ἱκάνει τινά comes upon him, ἐμὲ δὲ χρεὼ γίγνεται αὐτῆς (sc. τῆς νηός) need of the ship comes upon me, Il.; οὐδέ τί μιν χρεὼ ἔςται τυμβοχοῆς nor will need of a grave be felt by him, id=Il.
4. hence the elliptical use of χρεώ c. acc. pers., τίπτε δέ ςε χρεώ (sc. ἱκάνει); Hom.; c. gen. rei, οὔτι με ταύτης χρεὼ τιμῆς need of it touches me not, Il.; χρεὼ βουλῆς ἐμὲ καὶ ςέ id=Il.;—also c. inf., τὸν χρεὼ ἑςτάμεναι κρατερῶς he needs must stand firm, id=Il.; οὐδέ τί μιν χρεὼ νηῶν ἐπιβαινέμεν Od.
1. the surface of a body, the skin; the body itself, Il., Theogn., Ar.
2. the superficial appearance of a thing, its colour, Aesch., Eur., etc.:—esp. the colour of the skin, the complexion, Aesch., Eur.
1. with fillet or frontlet of gold, of horses, Il.; of goddesses, Hhymn., Hes.
1. like χρυςάωρ, with sword of gold, epith. of Apollo and other gods, Il., Hhymn., Pind.
1. with reins of gold, Hom., Soph.
1. with spindle of gold, Il., Soph.
1. gold-enthroned, Il., Pind.
1. with wings of gold, Il.
1. gold, Lat. aurum, Hom., etc.; χρυςὸν ἔδυνε put on golden armour, Il.;— χρ. ἄπυρος unsmelted, opp. to χρ. ἄπεφθος (pure refined gold), Hdt.; λευκὸς χρυςός white gold, i. e. alloyed with silver, id=Hdt.; χρυςὸς κοῖλος gold wrought into vessels, gold plate, Luc.
1. a crashing sound, χρ. γενύων, of a pugilistic contest, Il.
1. time, Hom., etc.
2. a definite time, a while, period, season, δεκέτης, τρίμηνος χρ. Soph.; χρ. βίου, ἥβης Eur.:—pl. periods of time, τοῖς χρόνοις ἀκριβῶς with chronological accuracy, Thuc.; τοῖς χρόνοις by the dates, Isocr.
3. Special phrases:
4. acc., χρόνον for a while, Od., etc.; so, πολὺν χρόνον for a long time, id=Od.; τὸν ἀεὶ χρ. for ever, Eur., etc.; ἕνα χρ. at once, once for all, Il.
5. gen., ὀλίγου χρόνου in a short time, Hdt.; πολλοῦ χρόνου Ar.; πόςου ρ.; for how long? id=Ar.
6. dat., χρόνῳ in time, at last, Hdt., Trag.; so, χρόνῳ ποτέ Hdt., etc.; also with the Art., τῷ χρόνῳ Ar.
7. with Prepositions:— ἀνὰ χρόνον in course of time, after a time, Hdt.:— ἀφ̆ οὗ χρόνου from such time as . . , Xen.:— διὰ χρόνου after an interval of time, Soph., Thuc.; διὰ πολλοῦ χρόνου Hdt., Ar.:— ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου a long time since, long ago, Hdt.:— ἐν χρόνῳ in time, at length, Aesch.:— ἐντὸς χρόνου within a certain time, Hdt.:— ἐπὶ χρόνον for a while, Hom.; πολλὸν ἐπὶ χρ. Od.:— ἐς χρόνον hereafter, Hdt.:— ςὺν χρόνῳ, like χρόνῳ or διὰ χρόνου, Aesch.:— ὑπὸ χρόνου by lapse of time, Thuc.
8. lifetime, an age, Soph.; χρόνῳ βραδύς id=Soph.
9. a season, portion of the year, Xen.
10. delay, loss, of time, Dem.; χρόνους ἐμποιεῖν to interpose delays, id=Dem.
1. golden, of gold, decked or inlaid with gold, Hom., etc.: sometimes, = e)pi/xrusos, gilded, gilt, Hdt.; cf. ἵςτημι A. III.
2. χρύςεια μέταλλα gold mines, Thu.; v. xrusei=on II.
3. gold-coloured, golden-yellow, Il.
4. metaph. golden, χρυςέη Ἀφροδίτη Hom.; χρ. ὑγίεια Pind.; χρ. ἐλπίς Soph.; the first age of man was the golden, Hes.
1. like χρόα (χροιά), the surface of the body, the skin, Hom.: also the flesh, opp. to the bone, id=Hom.:—generally, the body, frame, Pind., Trag.
2. ἐν χροί̈, attic ἐν χρῷ, close to the skin, ἐν χροί̈ κείρειν to shave close, Hdt.; ἐν χρῷ κεκαρμένος Xen.:—metaph., ξυρεῖ γὰρ ἐν χρῷ τοῦτο it touches one nearly, comes home, Soph.; ἐν χρῷ παραπλέειν to sail past so as to shave or graze, Lat. radere, Thuc.:—absol., ἐν χρῷ (also written ἐγχρῷ or ἐγχρῶ), near at hand, hard by, Luc.
3. the colour of the skin, complexion, Hom., Eur.
4. generally, colour, Aesch.
1. poured, shed, αἷμα χυτόν blood shed, Aesch.
2. of dry things, shot out, heaped up, χυτὴ γαῖα a mound of earth, a sepulchral mound, Hom.:—as Subst., χυτός, οῦ, ͂ χῶμα, a mound, bank, dike, Hdt.
3. melted, ἀρτήματα λίθινα χυτά pendants of melted stone, id=Hdt.
4. generally, liquid, flowing, Pind., Anth.
1. to be or become lame, to halt, limp, Il., Xen.
2. trans. to make lame:— Pass. to be lame, Luc.: generally, to be maimed or imperfect, Plat.
1. lame in the feet, halting, limping, χωλὸς πόδα Hom.; χωλὸς ἀμφοτέροις (sc. ποςί) Luc.
2. metaph. maimed, imperfect, defective, Lat. mancus, Plat., Xen.
1. to make room for another, give way, draw back, retire, withdraw, Il.; γαῖα ἔνερθεν χώρηςεν the earth gave way from beneath, i. e. opened, Hhymn.;— πρύμναν χ. ͂ κρούεςθαι πρύμναν, to put back, retire, Eur.; — χωρεῖτε begone! Aesch.—Construction:
2. c. gen. loci, χώρηςεν ἐπάλξιος he retired from the rampart, Il.; also, ἀπὸ ὑςμίνης χωρήςαντες id=Il.; ἐκ πυλῶν Aesch.
3. c. dat. pers. to give way to one, retire before him, οὐδ̆ ἂν Ἀχιλλῆι χωρήςειεν Il.
4. to go forward, move on or along, Lat. incedere, and then simply to go or come, Hdt., etc.: to go on one's journey, travel, Soph.; χ. πρὸς ἔργον to come to action, come on, begin, id=Soph.; χ. πρὸς ἧπαρ to go to one's heart, id=Soph.; διὰ φόνου χ. Eur.; κάτω χώρει go downwards, i. e. beginning from the upper parts of the body, Aesch.:—absol., χ. ὁ ποταμός Plat.; ὁμόςε χ. to join battle, Thuc.; of Time, νὺξ ἐχώρει the night was passing, near an end, Aesch.: —also c. acc. loci, Κεκροπίαν χθόνα χ. Eur.
5. to go on, advance, Lat. procedere, οὐ χωρεῖ τοὖργον Ar.; τόκοι χωροῦςιν id=Ar.
6. to come to an issue, turn out in a certain manner, παρὰ ςμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have come to little, of oracles, Hdt.; εὐτυχέως χ., Lat. bene cedere, id=Hdt.:—absol., like προχωρέω, to go on well, succeed, id=Hdt.
7. to spread abroad, id=Hdt.; διὰ πάντων χωρεῖν to spread among all, Xen.
8. trans. = xanda/nw, to have room for a thing, to hold, contain, esp. of measures, ὁ κρητὴρ χωρέει ἀμφορέας ἑξακοςίους Hdt.; ἡ πόλις οὐκ ἐχώρηςεν αὐτούς Thuc.; χωρήςατε ἡμᾶς take us into your hearts, NTest.
1. separately, asunder, apart, by oneself or by themselves, Hom.; κεῖται χ. ὁ νεκρός Hdt.; χ. θέςθαι to set apart, keep in reserve, Thuc.; χ. οἰκεῖν to live apart, Dem.; μή με χ. αἰτιῶ accuse me not without evidence, Soph.; χ. ποιεῖν to distinguish, Isocr.; χωρὶς δέ . . , and separately, besides, Thuc.: — separately, one by one, Lys.; χωρὶς ἤ except, χ. ἢ ὅτι except that, Hdt.; χ. ἢ ὅκοςοι except so many as, id=Hdt.
2. metaph. of different nature, kind, or quality, Soph., Eur.
3. as prep. c. gen. without, Aesch., Soph., etc.; χ. Ζηνός without his help or will, Lat. sine Diis, Soph.
4. separate from, apart or aloof from, far from, χ. ἀνθρώπων ςτίβου id=Soph.; ἡ ψυχὴ χ. τοῦ ςώματος Plat.
5. independent of, without reckoning, not to mention, besides, Hdt., Aesch.
6. differently from, otherwise than, Plat., Dem.
1. a melting-pot, from which the metal was run into the mould, Il., Hes.
2. the mould for casting metal in, Anth.
1. like χόλη, gall, bile, Il.
2. generally metaph. bile, gall, bitter anger, wrath, Hom., Hdt., attic; χόλος ἔδυ τινά Il.; χόλος ἔμπεςε θυμῷ id=Il.; χόλον πέςςειν, καταπέςςειν (v. sub. vocc.); χ. ςβέςςαι παῦςαι id=Il.; χόλου παύεςθαι Hes.:—c. gen. objecti, anger towards or because of another, Il.; c. gen. rei, anger for, because of a thing, Soph.
3. an object of anger, Anth.
1. an inclosed place, a feeding-place, αὐλῆς ἐν χόρτῳ Il.
2. generally, any feeding-ground, in pl. χόρτοι λέοντος Pind.; χόρτοι εὔδενδροι Eur.
3. food, fodder, provender, esp. for cattle, Hes., etc.; grass, NTest.; χόρτος κοῦφος hay, Xen.: opp. to ςῖτος (food for man), Hdt., Xen.: food generally, Eur., Anth.
1. Dep.:— to be angry, wroth, indignant, Hom.; χωόμενος κῆρ, θυμόν Il.; κηρόθι Od.
2. c. dat. pers. to be angry at one, ὅτε χώςεται ἀνδρί Il.
3. c. gen. pers. vel rei, χωόμενος γυναικός about or because of her, id=Il.; χώςατο δ̆ αἰνῶς νίκης τε καὶ ἔγχεος id=Il.
4. c. acc. rei, only in the phrase μή μοι τόδε χώεο be not angry with me for this, Od.
1. the space in which a thing is, Lat. locus, οὐδέ τι πολλὴ χώρη μεςςηγύς Il.; ὀλίγῃ ἐνὶ χώρῃ id=Il.
2. generally, a place, Hom.
3. one's place, position, ἐν χώρῃ ἕζεςθαι Il.; esp. a soldier's post, χώραν λείπειν Thuc.; χώραν λαβεῖν to find one's place, ἕως ἂν χώραν λάβῃ τὰ πράγματα till they are brought into position, into order, Xen.
4. metaph. one's place in life, station, place, position, Ἄρης δ̆ οὐκ ἐνὶ χώρᾳ the spirit of war is not there, Aesch.; ἐν ἀνδραπόδων or μιςθοφόρων χώρᾳ εἶναι to be in the position of slaves or mercenaries, Xen.; ἐν οὐδεμιᾷ χώρᾳ εἶναι to be in no esteem, nullo loco haberi, id=Xen.:—also, κατὰ χώραν (χώρην) εἶναι, ἔχειν to be in one's place, to keep a thing in its place, Hdt., Ar.; κατὰ χ. μένειν to stand one's ground, Hdt., attic
5. land, viz.,
6. a land, country, Lat. regio, Od., Hdt., Trag.
7. a piece of land, an estate, farm, Lat. ager, Xen.
8. the country, opp. to the town, Lat. rus, τὰ ἐκ τῆς χώρας, ὁ ἐκ τῆς χώρας ςῖτος Thuc., Xen.
1. want, need, c. gen. pers., χήτεϊ τοιοῦδ̆ ἀνδρός from want or need of such a man, Il.; χήτεϊ τοιοῦδ̆ υἷος id=Il.
1. sand, sea-sand, Hom., Soph., etc.; in pl., νῆα ἐπὶ ψαμάθοις on the sands, Hom.
2. proverb. of a countless multitude, ὅςα ψάμαθός τε κόνις τε Il.; in pl. grains of sand, id=Il.
1. a starling, mentioned as flying in a cloud, ψηρῶν νέφος Il.
1. to touch, c. gen., Il., etc.; c. dat. instrumenti, id=Il.; χεροῖν ἔψαυςα πηγῆς Aesch.: but ψαύειν τινι to to touch a thing, Pind.: —in Soph. it seems to be used c. acc., κεῖνος ψαύων τὸν θεόν assailing the god, Antig. 961; but id=Soph. Antig. 857, ἔψαυςας μερίμνας, πατρὸς οἶτον thou didst touch on a theme of grief, —my father's fate, — μερίμνας is gen., and οἶτον acc. in apposition.
2. to touch as an enemy, lay hands upon, τινός Eur.
3. to touch, reach, affect, ἄκρας καρδίας ἔψαυςέ μου id=Eur.:—Mid. also, to reach, gain, Pind.
1. thin, spare, scanty, of hair, Il., Anth.; of a person, bald-headed, Luc.
1. a false or lying messenger, Il.
1. lying, false, Lat. mendax, Hes., etc.; ἐπὶ ψευδῆ ὁδὸν τρέπεςθαι to betake oneself to lying ways, Hdt.
2. of persons, lying, and as Subst. a liar, οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ ψευδέςςι πατὴρ Ζεὺς ἔςςετ̆ ἀρωγός Zeus will not assist lying men (others read ἐπὶ ψεύδεςςι from yeu=dos, will not assist lies); ψ. φαίνεςθαι to be detected in falsehood, Thuc.
3. τὰ ψευδῆ falsehoods, lies, ψευδῆ λέγειν Aesch., Ar.
4. pass. belied, beguiled, deceived, Eur.
5. adv. falsely, id=Eur., Thuc.
1. to be a liar, lie, cheat, Il.
1. a liar, cheat, Il., etc.
2. as adj., like ψευδής, lying, false, Pind., Anth.
1. a falsehood, untruth, lie, Hom., etc.; εἴτε ψεῦδος ὑπόςχεςις ἠὲ καὶ οὐχί whether the promise be a lie or no, Il.
2. pl., ψεύδεα spots, pimples on the nose, Theocr.
1. a small pebble, Il., Luc.
2. a pebble for reckoning, Anth.
1. a drop, Il.
1. bare,
2. of land, ψιλὴ ἄροςις a bare corn-field, Il.; πεδίον μέγα τε καὶ ψιλόν Hdt.: c. gen., γῆ ψιλὴ δενδρέων land bare of trees, id=Hdt.:— ψιλὴ γεωργία the tillage of land for corn, opp. to γ. πεφυτευμένη (for vines and olives), Arist.
3. of animals, stript of hair or feathers, bare, smooth, δέρμα Od.; ἶβις ψιλὴ κεφαλήν bald on the head, Hdt.
4. generally, bare, uncovered, ψιλὸν ὡς ὁρᾷ νέκυν Soph.:—c. gen. bare of, separated from, ψιλὴ ςώματος οὖςα [ἡ ψυχή] Plat. b. bare, stript of appendages, ψιλὴ τρόπις the bare keel with the planks torn from it, Od.; ψ. θρίδαξ a lettuce with the side-leaves pulled off, Hdt.; ψ. μάχαιραι swords without other arms, Xen.
5. οἱ ψιλοί (sc. τῶν ὅπλων) soldiers without heavy armour, light troops, such as archers and slingers, opp. to ὁπλῖται, Hdt., Thuc., etc.; τὸ ψιλόν, opp. to τὸ ὁπλιτικόν, Xen.; ψ. ἔχων τὴν κεφαλήν bare-headed, without helmet, id=Xen.
6. ψιλὸς λόγος bare language, i. e. prose, as opp. to poetry which is clothed in metre, Plat.; also, ψ. λόγος is a mere speech, a speech unsupported by evidence, Dem.
7. ψιλὴ ποίηςις mere poetry, without music, i. e. epic poetry, as opp. to lyric, Plat.:—but, ψιλὴ μουςική instrumental music unaccompanied by the voice, Arist.
8. Oedipus seems to call Antigone his ψιλὸν ὄμμα, as being the one poor eye left him, Soph.
9. adv. yilw=s, merely, only, Plut.
1. breath, Lat. anima, esp. as the sign of life, the life, spirit, Hom., etc.; ψυχή τε μένος τε ψυχή τε καὶ αἰών, ψυχὴ καὶ θυμός Hom.; τὸν δ̆ ἔλιπε ψυχή, of one swooning, Il.; ψυχὴν παρθέμενος staking or risking one's life, Od.; so, ἐμὴν ψυχὴν παραβαλλόμενος Il.; περὶ ψυχῆς for one's life, i. e. to save it, Od.; μάχεςθαι, θέειν περὶ ψυχῆς Hom.; τρέχειν περὶ ψυχῆς Hdt.; ὁ περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀγών the struggle is for life and death, Soph.; ποινὴν τῆς Αἰςώπου ψυχῆς ἀνελέςθαι to take revenge for the life of Aesop, Hdt.; ψυχὴν ἀφιέναι to give up the ghost, Eur.
2. metaph. of things dear as life, χρήματα γὰρ ψυχὴ βροτοῖςι Hes.; πᾶςι δ̆ ἀνθρώποις ψυχὴ τέκν̆ [ἐςτί] Eur.
3. the departed soul, spirit, ghost, Hom.
4. the soul or spirit of man, Lat. anima, opp. to ςῶμα, Plat., Xen.:— ψυχή τινος, periphr. for the man himself, Soph.; also ψυχαί, souls, = a)/nqrwpoi, Aesch., Ar.:—hence in addressing persons, ὦ μελέα ψυχή Soph.; ὦ ἀγαθὴ καὶ πιςτὴ ψ. Xen.; πᾶςα ψυχὴ ὑποταςςέςθω let every soul be subject, NTest.
5. the soul, heart, ψυχὴν ἄριςτε Ar.; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς with all the heart, Xen.
6. appetite, δοῦναί τι τῇ ψυχῇ, like Lat. indulgere animo, Aesch.
7. the soul, mind, understanding, ψυχὴν οὐκ ἄκρος Hdt.
1. cold, chill, Il.; ψ. χαλκός (as we say "cold steel") id=Il.; of water, ψ. ὕδωρ Od., Thuc.; and ψυχρόν alone, ψυχρῷ λοῦνται Hdt.; of dead things, νέκυς Soph.; also τὸ ψυχρόν ͂ ψῦχος, cold, id=Soph.:—comp. -ότερος, Hdt., Plat.
2. metaph., Lat. frigidus,
3. of things and events, cold, unreal, ψ. ἐπικουρίη Hdt.; ἐπαρθεὶς ψυχρῇ νίκῃ id=Hdt.; ψ.παραγκάλιςμα Soph.; ψυχρὰ τέρψις, ἐλπίς Eur.
4. of persons, cold-hearted, heartless, spiritless, Plat., Xen.
5. of language, cold, frigid, Plat., Dem.
1. to breathe, blow, ἦκα μάλα ψύξαςα Il.
2. commonly, to make cold, cool, refrigerate, Hdt., Plat.:—Pass. to grow cold or cool, Hdt., Ar., etc.
3. to dry, make dry:— Pass., Xen.
1. Lat. imber, a storm of rain, a thunderstorm, Il., Hdt.: heavy rain, Hdt., Soph., etc.
2. generally, water, Soph.
3. metaph. a shower of tears, blood, etc., Aesch., Soph.
1. ἀάα_τος: in Il. with penult. long, not to be injured, inviolable, νῦν μοι ὄμοςςον ἀάα_τον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, because the gods swore their most binding oaths thereby.
2. ἀάατος: in Od. with penult. short, hurtful, perilous, aweful; ἄεθλος ἀάατος.
1. properly to hurt, damage; then to mislead, infatuate, of the effects of wine, sleep, divine judgments, Od.; so in Mid., Ἄτη ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται Il.
2. aor1 mid. and pass., to act recklessly or foolishly, ἀαςάμην I was infatuated Il.; μέγ̆ ἀάςθη id=Il.
1. against one's will, Hom.; c. gen., ςεῦ ἀέκητι, ἀέκητι ςέθεν, Lat. te invito, and θεῶν ἀέκητι, ἀέκητι θεῶν, id=Hom.
1. against one's will, unwilling, of persons, ἀέκοντος ἐμεῖο Il.; πόλλ̆ ἀέκων, Virgil's multa reluctans, id=Il.; ἄκοντος Διός, invito Jove, Aesch., Xen.:—adv. a)ko/ntws, unwillingly, Plat.
2. like ἀκούςιος, of acts, involuntary, ἔργα Soph.
1. to increase, enlarge, foster, strengthen, μένος μέγα θυμὸς ἀέξει Il.; θυμὸν ἀέξειν id=Il.; πένθος ἀ. to cherish woe, Od.; υἱὸν ἀ. to rear him to man's estate, id=Od.; ἔργον ἀέξουςι θεοί they bless the work, id=Od.
2. to exalt by one's deeds, to magnify, τὸ πλῆθος ἀέξειν Hdt.; to magnify, exaggerate, [ἀγγελίαν] μῦθος ἀέξει Soph.
3. ἀέξειν φόνον Eur.
4. Pass. to increase, grow, ἀέξετο he was waxing tall, Od.; οὐ ποτ̆ ἀέξετο κῦμα no wave rose high, id=Od.; χόλος ἐν ςτήθεςςιν ἀέξεται rises high, Il.; τόδε ἔργον ἀ. it prospers, Od.; ἀέξετο ἱερὸν ἦμαρ was getting on to noon, Il.; so, κέρδος ἀέξεται Aesch.
1. the lower air, the air that surrounds the earth, opp. to αἰθήρ the upper air (v. Il. 14. 288, where a tall pine μακροτάτη πεφυυῖα δῐ ἠέρος αἰθέρ̆ ἵκανεν); hence mist, gloom, περὶ δ̆ ἠέρα πουλὺν ἔχευεν Il.; ἠέρα μὲν ςκέδαςε id=Il.; cf. ἠέριος, ἠεροειδής.
2. generally, air, Soph., etc.; ἀέρα δέρειν (cf. Virg. verberat auras), NTest.
1. wicked, Il.
1. a blast, gale, Hom., etc.
1. making unseen, annihilating, destroying, Il.:—adv. -lws, = o)leqri/ws, id=Il.
2. pass. unseen, obscure, Hes.
1. to breathe out, like ἀποπνέω, θυμὸν ἄϊςθε he was giving up the ghost, Il.
1. to move with a quick shooting motion, to shoot, dart, glance, Lat. impetu ferri, Il., etc.; so in aor. mid., ἀί̈ξαςθαι, and aor. pass. ἀϊχθῆναι id=Il.; κόμη δῐ αὔρας ἀίςςεται floats on the breeze, Soph.
2. to turn eagerly, be eager, εἴς τι Eur.
3. trans. to put in motion, Eur.
1. to breathe, only in imperf., ἐπεὶ φίλον ἄϊον ἦτορ when I was breathing out my life, Il.
1. not thrown or shot, ἰὸν ἀβλῆτα an arrow not yet used, Il.
1. weak, feeble, Il.; ἀβλ. θάνατος an easy death in ripe old age, opp. to a violent one, Od.
1. to miss, c. gen., only in aor1 subj., μήπως ἀβροτάξομεν (epic for -ωμεν) ἀλλήλοιϊν that we may not miss one another, Il.
1. to make glorious, glorify, exalt, c. acc. : esp. to pay honour to a god, ἀγ. τινὰ θυςίαιςι Ar.; to adorn, deck, γαμηλίους εὐνάς Eur.; Pass. to glory, take delight, exult in a thing, c. dat., Hom., attic; absol., Hdt., etc.
1. much snowed on, snow-capt, Il.
1. strong-flowing, swift-flowing, Il.
1. a herd, of horses, of oxen and kine, cf. βούνομος; of swine, Hes.
2. any herd or company, Soph., Eur.; metaph., πόνων ἀγέλαι id=Eur.
1. without a gift of honour, unrecompensed, unrewarded, Il., Eur.
1. poet. adj. high-minded, lordly, Hom., etc.; in Pind. of noble actions.
2. in bad sense, haughty, arrogant, insolent, Archil., Luc.: so adv. -xws, Anth.
1. poet. adj., manly, courageous, heroic, Il.; in bad sense, headstrong, arrogant, Hom., Hes.
1. not waxing old, undecaying,
2. of persons, Hom., Hes.; so, ἀγήρως χρόνῳ Soph.
3. of things, Il., attic
1. good, Lat. bonus:
2. of persons,
3. in early times, good, gentle, noble, in reference to birth, opp. to κακοί, πατρὸς δ̆ εἴμ̆ ἀγαθοῖο, θεὰ δέ με γείνατο μήτηρ Il.; ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν, Lat. boni bonis prognati, Plat.; with this early sense was associated that of wealth and power, like Lat. optimus quisque in Sallust and Cicero; esp. in the phrase καλοὶ κἀγαθοί (v. kaloka)gaqo/s).
4. good, brave, since these qualities were attributed to the Chiefs, Il.; ἀγαθὸς ἐν ὑςμίνῃ, βοὴν ἀγαθός, πὺξ ἀγαθός, etc., Hom.; ἀγ. τὰ πολέμια, τὰ πολιτικά Hdt., etc.;—also c. dat., ἀγ. πολέμῳ Xen.;—and, ἀγ. εἴς τι, περί τι, πρός τι Plat., etc.; lastly, c. inf., ἀγ. μάχεςθαι, ἱππεύεςθαι, good at fighting, etc., Hdt.
5. good, in moral sense, Plat., etc.
6. ἀγαθοῦ δαίμονος, as a toast, "to the good Genius," Ar.
7. of things,
8. good, serviceable, Ἰθάκη ἀγαθὴ κουροτρόφος Od.; ἀγ. τοῖς τοκεῦςι, τῇ πόλει Xen.; c. gen., εἴ τι οἶδα πυρετοῦ ἀγ. good for fever, id=Xen.; ἀγαθόν [ἐςτι], c. inf., it is good to do so and so, Hom., etc.
9. ἀγαθόν, τό, a good, of persons, φίλον, ὃ μέγιςτον ἀγ. εἶναι φαςι Xen.; ἐπ̆ ἀγαθῷ τοῖς πολίταις Ar.; τὸ ἀγαθόν or τἀγαθόν, the good, summum bonum, Plat., etc.; in pl., ἀγαθά, τά, the goods of fortune, wealth, Hdt., etc.; also good qualities, of a horse, Xen.
10. instead of the regular degrees of comparison, many forms are used,—comp. ἀμείνων, ἀρείων, βελτίων, κρείςςων, λωί̈ων , epic βέλτερος, λωί̈τερος, φέρτερος; — Sup. ἄριςτος, βέλτιςτος, κράτιςτος, λώϊςτος, epic βέλτατος, κάρτιςτος, φέρτατος, φέριςτος.
11. the adv. is usually εὖ: ἀγαθῶς in late writers.
1. very glorious, famous, Lat. inclytus, Il., Pind.
1. = a)gakleh/s, Hom., etc.
2. of things, ἀγακλειτὴ ἑκατόμβη Od.
1. Lat. inclytus, of men, Hom., Hes.
2. of things, Od.
1. gentleness, kindliness, Hom.
1. mild, gentle, kindly, of words, Hom., Pind.; in Hom. of the shafts of Apollo and Artemis, as bringing an easy death; Sup. ἀγανώτατος, Hes.: adv. -nw=s, Eur.
1. poet. adj. gentle of mood, Hom.
1. to treat with affection, shew affection to a person, caress, c. acc., Hom.; so in Mid., Od.
1. = h)nore/hn a)gapw=n, loving manliness, manly, Il.
1. beloved, of an only son, Hom., Dem.
2. of things, worthy of love, loveable, dear, Plat., etc.
3. to be acquiesced in (as the least in a choice of evils), ἀγαπητόν [ἐςτι] one must be content, εἰ.., ἐάν.., id=Plat., Xen., etc.
4. adv. -tw=s, cheerfully, contentedly, Plat., Dem., etc.
5. just enough to content one, only just, barely, scarcely, Plat.
1. illustrious, noble, Hom.; Sup. -ότατος, Od.
1. to bear a message, τινί to a person, Hom.; c. acc. et inf. to make proclamation that, Il.
2. c. acc. rei, to announce, proclaim, report, Hom., attic
3. c. acc. pers. to bring news of, Od.; περί τινος Soph.
4. Mid. to announce oneself, id=Soph.
5. Pass. to be reported of, id=Soph., etc.; τὰ ἠγγελμένα the reports, Thuc.
1. a message, tidings, news, Hom., Hdt., etc.; ἀγγελίη ἐμή a report of me, concerning me, Il.; ἀγγελίην πατρὸς φέρει ἐρχομένοιο he brings news of or about thy father's coming, Od.: — ἀγγελίην ἐλθεῖν, to go a message, i. e. on a message, like Lat. legationem obire, Il.;—so also epic in gen., ἀγγελίης οἴχνεςκε went on account of a message, id=Od.; ἤλυθε ςεῦ ἕνεκ̆ ἀγγελίης ( i. e. ἀγγελίης ςοῦ ἕνεκα) id=Od., Hes.
2. a proclamation, command, Hhymn., etc.
1. to bring together, gather together, c. acc., Hom., attic; Pass. to come together, gather, assemble, Hom.; ἀγρόμενοι ςύες herded swine, Od.; θυμὸς ἐνὶ ςτήθεςςιν ἀγέρθη, ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη Il.
2. of things, to get together, collect, gather, Od.; so in Mid., id=Od.
3. to collect by begging, id=Od.
4. ὀφρύας εἰς ἓν ἀγείρειν to frown, Anth.
1. belonging to a herd, feeding at large, Hom., attic.
2. in herds or shoals, gregarious, ἰχθύες Hdt.; ἀγελαῖα, τά, gregarious animals, Plat.
3. of the herd or multitude, i.e. common, id=Plat., etc.
1. epic epith. of Athena, driver of spoil, forager, Il.
1. in herds or companies, Il., Hdt.:— doric ἀγελα_δόν, Theocr.
1. manliness, manhood, courage, Il.
1. admirable, wondrous, c. acc. rei, εἶδος ἀγητός admirable in form, Il.; εἶδος ἀγητοί wonderful in form only, as a reproach, id=Il.; c. dat. rei, ἀγ. χρήμαςι Solon.
1. to lead, bring, carry, Il., Hdt.; Mid. to cause to be brought, id=Hdt.
1. Mid. to lift up in the arms, Il.
1. the bent arm, Hdt., etc.; mostly in pl., ἐν ἀγκάλαις in the arms, Aesch., Eur.; ἐν ταῖς ἀγκ. Xen.;—in sg., φέρειν ἐν τῇ ἀγκάλῃ Hdt.
2. metaph. anything closely enfolding, πετραία ἀγκάλη Aesch.; πόντιαι ἀγκάλαι bights or arms of the sea, id=Aesch.; κυμάτων ἐν ἀγκάλαις Ar.
1. in or into the arms, Hom., Theocr.
1. poet. for ἀγκάλη or ἀγκών, the bent arm, only in pl., Hom.
1. crooked of counsel, wily, epith. of Κρόνος, Hom.; of Prometheus, Hes.
1. with hooked beak, αἰετός Od.; αἰγυπιοί Il.
1. with curved bow, Il., etc.
1. crooked, curved, of a bow, Il.: beaked, of the eagle, Pind.: of greedy fingers, hooked, Ar.
2. metaph., of style, crooked, intricate, Luc.
1. the bend of the arm, the elbow, Hom.
2. generally the arm, like ἀγκάλη, Pind., Soph.
3. any bend, as the jutting angle of a wall, Il.: the bend or reach of a river, Hdt.; ἕςπεροι ἄγκωνες, in Soph., seem to be the angle of the bay of Rhoeteium.
1. splendour, beauty, adornment; ἀγλαί̈ηφι πεποιθώς (epic dat.) Il.: in bad sense, pomp, show, vanity, and in pl. vanities, Od., Eur.
2. triumph, glory, Pind., Soph.: in pl., festivities, merriment, Hes.
1. to make bright or splendid, Plut.
2. Mid. and Pass. to adorn oneself or be adorned with a thing, take delight in, ςέ φημι ἀγλαϊεῖςθαι I say that thou will take delight in them (sc. τοῖς ἵπποις), Il.
1. splendid, shining, bright, beautiful, Hom., Hes.
2. of men, either beautiful or famous, Il.; c. dat. rei, famous for a thing, id=Il.
1. Passive not to perceive or know, ἄνδρ̆ ἀγνοιήςας̆ from not recognising him, Od.: mostly with negat., οὐκ ἠγνοίηςεν, i. e. he perceived or knew well, Il.; μηδὲν ἀγνόει learn all, Eur.: —c. acc. to be ignorant of, Hdt., attic; ἀγν. περί τινος Plat.; dependent clauses are added in part., τίς ἀγνοεῖ τὸν πόλεμον ἥξοντα; Dem.; or with a Conjunct., οὐδεὶς ἀγνοεῖ ὅτι.., id=Dem.; Pass. not to be known, Plat., etc.
2. absol. to go wrong, make a false step, etc.; ἀγνοῶν ignorantly, by mistake, Xen.
1. an assembly of the people, opp. to the Council of Chiefs, Hom.: —καθίζειν ἀγορήν to hold an assembly, opp. to λύειν ἀγ. to dissolve it; ἀγορήνδε καλέειν, κηρύςςειν, Hom.; so, ἀγορὰν ςυνάγειν, ςυλλέγειν Xen.
2. the place of Assembly, Hom.; used not only for debating, trials, and other public purposes, but also as a market-place, like the Roman Forum, attic; but to lounge in the market was held to be disreputable, cf. ἀγοραῖος.
3. the business of the ἀγορά, public speaking, gift of speaking, mostly in pl., Hom.
4. things sold in the ἀγορά, the market, Lat. annona; ἀγορὰν παραςκευάζειν to hold a market, Thuc.
5. as a mark of time, ἀγορὰ πλήθουςα or ἀγορᾶς πληθώρη the forenoon, when the market-place was full, Hdt.; opp. to ἀγορῆς διάλυςις, the time just after mid-day, when they went home, id=Hdt.
1. to meet in assembly, sit in debate: then, like ἀγορεύω, to speak in the assembly, harangue, Hom.
2. to speak, utter, Il.
3. to talk with, τινι Soph.
1. to speak in the assembly, harangue, speak, Hom.; κακόν τι ἀγορεύειν τινά to speak ill of one, Od.; of the κῆρυξ in the Ecclesia, τίς ἀγορεύειν βούλεται; who wishes to address the people? Ar., Dem., etc.
2. μή τι φόβονδ̆ ἀγόρευε counsel me not to flight, Il.
3. to proclaim, declare, mention, Hom.; in aor1 mid., ἀγορεύςαςθαι ὡς . . . to have it proclaimed that . . ., Hdt., etc.: metaph., δέρμα θηρὸς ἀγ. χειρῶν ἔργον tells a tale of. . ., Theocr.
4. Pass., of a speech, to be spoken, Thuc.
1. a speaker, orator, Il.
1. from the Assembly or market, Il., etc.
1. the flat of the hand, Il.
2. the arm, = a)gka/lh, Theocr., Anth.
1. to capture, seize, Sapph., Aesch.
2. imperat. ἄγρει, ͂ ἄγε, come, come on Il.; ἀγρεῖτε Od.
1. a countryman, Hom., Hes., etc.
2. as adj. rustic, Anth. ἀγρόμενος, epic aor2 part. pass. of ἀγείρω.
1. Lat. ager, a field, in pl. fields, lands, Hom., etc.: in sg. a farm, Od.
2. the country, opp. to the town, id=Od.: ἀγρῷ or ἐπ̆ ἀγροῦ in the country, id=Od.; κατ̆ ἀγρούς id=Od.; ἐπ̆ ἀγρῶν Soph.
1. poet. for ἄγριος, wild, of animals,Hom., etc.
2. of countrymen, Anth.
3. of plants, wild, id=Anth.
4. fond of the chase; Ἀγροτέρα, the Huntress, i. e. Artemis, Il., Xen.
1. a street, highway, Hom., etc.
1. fighting hand to hand, Il., Hes.; τὰ ἀγχ. ὅπλα arms for close fight, Xen.
1. near the sea, of cities, Il.; of islands, sea-girt, Aesch., Soph.
1. coming near, c. gen., Theocr.: —in Hom. only in as adv. near, close at hand; so ἐξ ἀγχιμόλοιο Il.
1. close together, crowded, in heaps, Hom.
1. = a)/gxi, near, nigh, ἀγχοῦ δ̆ ἱςταμένη Hom.;c. gen. id=Hom., Hdt.
1. near, c. gen., Hom.; absol., Theocr.
1. a leader, chief, Il., etc.
1. a number of people brought together, a gathering, assembly, like ἀγορά, ἵζανεν εὐρὺν ἀγῶνα, λῦτο δ̆ ἀγών, ἐν ἀγῶνι νεῶν Hom.: esp. an assembly met to see games, id=Hom., etc.
2. a place of contest, the arena, id=Hom., etc.; βήτην ἐς μέςςον ἀγῶνα Il.
3. an assembly of the Greeks at their great national games, ὁ ἐν Ὀλυμπίῃ ἀγών Hdt.; ὁ Ὀλυμπικὸς ἀγών Ar.
4. the contest for a prize at the games, ἀγὼν ἱππικός, γυμνικός Hdt., etc.; ἀγὼν τῶν ἀνδρῶν, in which the chorus was composed of men, opp. to τῶν παίδων, Dem., etc.:— hence, ἀγῶνα ἄγειν, καθιςτάναι, τιθέναι, προτιθέναι, ποιεῖν, to hold or propose a contest; ἀγῶν or ἐν ἀγῶνι νικᾶν, to win one or at one.
5. generally, any struggle, trial, or danger, πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας ἐξιών, of Hercules, Soph.; ἀγὼν προκέαται, c. inf., it is hard or dangerous to do a thing, Hdt.:— also, ἀγὼν περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς, περὶ μεγίςτων a struggle for life and death, for one's highest interests, Eur.
6. a battle, action, Thuc.
7. an action at law, trial, Plat., etc.
8. metaph., οὐ λόγων ἔθ̆ ἁγών now is not the time for speaking, etc., Eur.; οὐχ ἕδρας ἀγ. ̆tis no time for sitting still, id=Eur.
1. without tears, i. e.
2. act. tearless, ἀδ. καὶ ἀπήμων Il.; ἀδακρύτω ἔχεν ὄςςε Od.: —εὐνάζειν ἀδακρύτων βλεφάρων πόθον to lull the desire of her eyes so that they weep no more, Soph.; cf. ἄδερκτος,
3. pass. unwept, unmourned, id=Soph.
4. costing no tears, τρόπαια Plut.
1. epith. of Hades, inflexible, Il.:—later in the proper sense, untamed, unbroken, ἵππος Xen.
1. to be sated, μὴ ξεῖνος δείπνῳ ἀδήςειε lest he should be sated with the repast, feel loathing at it; καμάτῳ ἀδηκότες ἠδὲ καὶ ὕπνῳ sated with toil and sleep.
1. without strife or battle, Il.
2. unconquerable, ἀνάγκης ςθένος Aesch.
1. unknowing, ignorant of a thing, c. gen., Il.; κακῶν ἀδαήμονες Od.
1. ἀδελφοί are properly sons of the same mother:
2. as Subst., ἀδελφός, ὁ, voc. ἄδελφε (not -φέ), ionic ἀδελφεός, epic -ειός:—a brother, or generally, a near kinsman, ἀδελφοί brother and sister, like Lat. fratres, Eur.; ἀδελφεοὶ ἀπ̆ ἀμφοτέρων brothers by both parents, i. e. not half-brothers, Hdt.
3. a brother (as a fellow Christian), NTest.
4. adj., ἀδελφός, ή, όν, brotherly or sisterly, Trag., Plat.
5. like Lat. geminus, gemellus, of anything in pairs, twin, Xen.:—then, just like, c. gen. or dat., ἀδελφὰ τῶνδε, ἀδελφὰ τούτοιςι Soph.
1. close-packed: (v. a(dro/s):— hence,
2. crowded, thronging, of bees, flies, sheep, Hom.; ἀδινὰ δάκρυα thick-falling tears, Soph.
3. vehement, loud, of sounds, Il.; Σειρῆνες ἀδιναί the loud-voiced Sirens, Od.:—adv. -nw=s, frequently, or loudly, vehemently, Il.; so ἀδινόν and ἀδινά as adv., ἀδινὸν κλαίειν, μυκᾶςθαι, ςτοναχῆςαι Hom.: comp. ἀδινώτερον Od.
1. always, for ever, Hom., etc.; often with other words of time, διαμπερὲς αἰεί, ςυνεχὲς αἰεί, ἐμμενὲς αἰεί, id=Hom.; ἀεὶ καθ̆ ἡμέραν, καθ̆ ἡμέραν ἀεί, ἀεὶ καὶ καθ̆ ἡμέραν, ἀεὶ κατ̆ ἐνιαυτόν, ἀεὶ διὰ βίου, etc., Plat., etc.; v. ei)saei/:—ὁ ἀεὶ χρόνος eternity, Hdt., Plat.; οἱ ἀεὶ ὄντες the immortals, Xen., etc.:—but, ὁ αἰεὶ βαςιλεύων the king for the time being, Hdt.; τοῖςι τούτων αἰεὶ ἐκγόνοιςι to their descendants for ever, id=Hdt.
1. to sing, Il., etc.:—then of any sound, to twang, of the bowstring, Od.; to whistle, of the wind, Mosch.; to ring, of a stone struck, Theocr.
2. trans.,
3. c. acc. rei, to sing, chant, μῆνιν, παιήονα, κλέα ἀνδρῶν Hom.:—absol., ἀείδειν ἀμφί τινος to sing in one's praise, Od.:—Pass., of songs, to be sung, Hdt.; ᾆςμα καλῶς ᾀςθέν Xen.
4. c. acc. pers. to sing, praise, attic
1. to lift, heave, raise up, Hom., etc.; ἱςτία ςτεῖλαν ἀείραντες furled the sails by brailing them up, Od.:—esp. to lift for the purpose of carrying, to bear away, carry, Il.; ἄχθος ἀείρειν, of ships of burden, Od.; μή μοι οἶνον ἄειρε offer me not wine, Il.
2. to raise, levy, λεκτὸν ἀροῦμεν ςτόλον Aesch.
3. Mid. to lift up for oneself, i. e. bear off, c. acc. rei, Il.
4. to raise or stir up, ἀείραςθαι πόλεμον to undertake a long war, Hdt.; βαρὺς ἀείρεςθαι slow to undertake, id=Hdt.
5. ἀείραςθαι τὰ ἱςτία to hoist sail, with or without ἱςτία, id=Hdt.
6. Pass. to be lifted or carried up, Od.; ἀείρεςθαι εἰς . . to rise up and go to a place, Hdt.;—mostly of seamen, but also of land-journeys, id=Od.
7. to be suspended, πὰρ κουλεὸν αἰὲν ἄωρτο [the dagger] hung always by the sword-sheath, Il.
8. metaph. to be lifted up, excited, Soph.
1. epith. of the gods, like αἰὲν ἐόντες, everlasting, immortal, θεῶν αἰειγενετάων, θεοῖς αἰειγενέτῃςιν Il.
1. unseemly, shameful, ἀεικέα λοιγὸν ἀμύνειν Il.; ἀεικέα [εἵματα] Od.; δεςμὸς ἀεικής Aesch.; ςτολή Soph.; ἀεικέςτερα ἔπεα Hdt.; οὐδὲν ἀεικὲς παρέχεςθαι to cause no inconvenience, Hdt.:—adv. a)eikw=s; ionic -έως, Simon.; ἀεικές as adv., Od.
2. unseemly, shabby, μιςθός, ἄποινα Il.
3. οὐδὲν ἀεικές ἐςτι, c. inf., it is nothing strange that . . , Hdt., Aesch. Cf. attic αἰκής.
1. unseemly treatment, outrage, Hom., Hdt.:—Cf. attic αἰκία.
1. to treat unseemly, injure, abuse, Hom.; οὐ γὰρ ἐγώ ς̆ ἔκπαγλον ἀεικιῶ I will do thee no great dishonour, Il.:—Mid. in act. sense, id=Hom.
1. particip. form = a)e/kwn,against one's will, unwilling Od.; πόλλ̆ ἀεκαζόμενος, Virgil's multa reluctans, id=Od.
1. particip. form = a)e/kwn,against one's will, unwilling Od.; πόλλ̆ ἀεκαζόμενος, Virgil's multa reluctans, id=Od.
1. eddying, Il.
1. storm-footed, storm-swift, Il., etc.
1. to have no hope, only in part., ἀελπτέοντες ςόον εἶναι Il.; ἀ. ὑπερβαλέεςθαι Hdt.
1. not-working, idle, Hom., Hes., etc.;— ἀεργοὶ δόμοι idle houses, i. e. where people are idle, Theocr.—Cf. attic ἀργός.
1. lifting the feet, brisk-trotting, ἵπποι Il.
1. damaged in mind, witless, silly, Hom., Hes.
1. an eagle, Hom., etc.:—proverb., ἀετὸς ἐν νεφέλαιςι, of a thing quite out of reach, Ar.
2. an eagle as a standard, of the Persians, Xen.; of the Romans, Plut.
3. in architecture, the pediment of a temple, Ar.
1. dry, parched, Hom.; βῶν ἀζαλέην the dry bull's-hide, Il.
2. metaph. dry, harsh, Anth.
3. act. parching, scorching, Σείριος Hes.
1. unceasing, excessive, Il.; neut. as adv., ἀζηχὲς φαγέμεν καὶ πιέμεν Od.; ὄϊες ἀζ. μεμακυῖαι Il.
1. to be unaccustomed to a thing, c. gen., Il.
1. undying, immortal, Hom., etc.:— ἀθάνατοι, οἱ, the Immortals, Hom., etc.; ἀθάναται ἅλιαι, i. e. the sea goddesses, Od.: comp. -ώτερος, Plat.
2. of immortal fame, Tyrtae.
3. of things, everlasting, Od., Hdt., etc.
4. ἀθ. θρίξ the hair on which life depended, Aesch.
5. οἱ ἀθάνατοι the immortals, a body of Persian troops in which every vacancy was at once filled up, Hdt.
6. adv., ἀθανάτως εὕδειν Anth.
1. lawless, without law or government, of the Cyclopes, Od.; ἀθεμιςτότεροι Xen.
2. of things, lawless, unlawful, ἀθέμιτα ἔργα, ἀθέμιτα ἔρδειν Hdt.; ἀθ. ποιεῖν, εὔχεςθαι Xen.
1. beyond even a god's power to express: ineffable, aweful, ὄμβρος, θάλαςςα, νύξ Hom.; also marvellous in quantity, ἀθ. οἶνος, ςῖτος, βόες Od.
1. to slight, make light of, Lat. nihil curare, c. acc. pers., Hom.
1. Λαομέδοντι ἀθλήςαντες having contended with him, Il.; πολλά περ ἀθλήςαντα having gone through many struggles, id=Il.: to contend in battle, πρός τινα Hdt.
1. to contend for a prize, combat, wrestle, Il.; ἀθλεύων πρὸ ἄνακτος struggling or suffering for him, id=Il.
1. bearing away the prize, victorious, ἵππος Il.; in ionic form ἀεθλ-, id=Il., Hdt.
1. to look at, gaze at, observe, perceive, Hom., etc.
2. absol., or with a prep., to look, gaze, Il.; δεῦρ̆ ἄθρηςον Eur.; οὐ γὰρ ἴδοις ἂν ἀθρῶν by observing, Soph.
3. of the mind, to look into a thing, consider, id=Soph., Eur., etc.:—foll. by an interrog. or rel. clause, ταῦτ̆ ἄθρηςον, εἰ . . consider this also, whether . . , Soph.; ἄθρει Plat.
1. in crowds or masses, crowded together, mostly in pl.; πάντες ἁθρόοι Od., etc.; ἀθρόοι, of soldiers, in close order, Lat. conferto agmine, Hdt., Xen., etc.; also, πολλαὶ κῶμαι ἀθρόαι close together, id=Xen.
2. taken together, ἁθρόα πάντ̆ ἀπέτιςεν he paid for all at once, Od.; ἁθρόα πόλις the citizens as a whole, Thuc.; τὸ ἀθρόον their assembled force, Xen.; ἀθρόωι ςτόματι with one voice, Eur.; ἁθρόους κρίνειν to condemn all by a single vote, Plat.; κατήριπεν ἀθρόος he fell all at once, Theocr.
3. multitudinous, δάκρυ Eur., Plat.
4. comp. ἁθροώτερος Thuc., etc.; later ἀθρούςτερος Plut.
1. to play, sport, of children, Il., Eur.; c. acc. cogn., μοῦςαν ἀθύρων singing sportive songs, Hhymn.:—Mid., simply, to sing, id=Hhymn.
2. c. acc., ἔργα φωτῶν ἀθ. to play the deeds of men, of an actor, Anth.
1. rapid flight, rush, impetus, Il.
1. adverb of ἀϊκής.
1. guileless, gracious, epith. of Hermes, Hom., Hes.
1. untiring, unresting, Il., etc.
1. without sense of toil: hence — untiring, unresting, Hom.; ἀκ. γῆ earth that never rests from tillage, Soph.:—neut. ἀκάματα, as adv., id=Soph.
1. trans. to heal, cure, ἕλκος ἄκεςςαι heal the sore, Il.; or of part healed, βλέφαρον ἀκέςαιο Eur.; also to heal a person, Il.
2. to stanch, quench, δίψαν id=Il.
3. generally, to mend, repair, νῆας Od.; applied to a tailor or cobbler, like Lat. resarcire, Luc.
4. metaph. to repair, make amends for, ἁμαρτάδα Hdt.; κακόν Soph.:—absol. to make amends, ἀλλ̆ ἀκεώμεθα, ἀλλ̆ ἀκέςαςθε Hom.
1. a participial form, used as adv. like ἀκήν, softly, silently, Hom.; also dual ἀκέοντε Od. —Though ἀκέουςα occurs in Hom., yet ἀκέων stands with fem., Ἀθηναίη ἀκέων ἦν Il.; and though he has dual ἀκέοντε, yet ἀκέων occurs with pl. Verbs.
1. uncared for, unburied, Il.: adv., -τως, without due rites of burial, or (perh.) without care for others, recklessly, remorselessly, id=Il.
1. softly, silently, Il.
1. unmixed, uncontaminated, undefiled, ὕδωρ Il.; ποτόν Aesch.; ὄμβρος Soph.; ἀκ. χρυςός pure gold, Hdt.
2. metaph.,
3. of things, untouched, unhurt, undamaged, Lat. integer, Hom.; ἀκ. κόμη unshorn hair, Eur.; ἀκ. λειμών an unmown meadow, id=Eur., etc.
4. of persons, undefiled, id=Eur.; c. dat., ἀκήρατος ἄλγεςι untouched by woes, id=Eur.; c. gen., ἀκ. κακῶν without taint of ill, id=Eur.
1. not to be reached, unattainable, Il.
2. of persons, not to be reached by prayer, inexorable, Aesch.
1. soft-flowing, of Ocean, Hom.
1. a part. (as if from a Verb *ἄκω, v. a)kh/ *i), sharpened, of axes and swords, Hom.
1. with unshorn hair (the Greek youths wore their hair long till they reached manhood), epith. of Phoebus, Il., etc.
1. curable:— metaph., easily revived, Il.
1. to take no care for, no heed of, c. gen., Il., Aesch.
1. pass. uncared for, unburied, Hom.
2. act. without care or sorrow, careless, heedless, id=Hom.
1. without fame, inglorious, unsung, Hom., etc. adv. a)klew=s, Hdt., epic ἀκλειῶς, Il., etc.: also neut. ἀκλεές as adv., id=Il.
1. a point, edge: proverb., ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἀκμῆς on the rasor's edge (v. curo/n); ἀμφιδέξιοι ἀκμαί the fingers of both hands, Soph.; ποδοῖν ἀκμαί the toes, id=Soph.
2. the highest point of anything, the bloom, flower, prime, of man's age, Lat. flos aetatis, ἀκμὴ ἥβης id=Soph.; ἀκμὴ βίου Xen.; ἐν ἀκμῆι εἶναι ͂ἀκμάζειν, Plat.; ἀκμὴν ἔχειν, of corn, to be ripe, Thuc.; also of time, ἀ. ἦρος the spring-prime, Pind.; ἀ. θέρους mid-summer, Xen.; ἀ. τῆς δόξης Thuc.; periphr. like βία, ἀκμὴ Θηςειδᾶν Soph.
3. like καιρός, the best, most fitting time, Trag.; ἔργων, λόγων ἀκμή the time for doing, speaking, Soph.; ἀκμή ἐςτι, c. inf., 'tis high time to do, Aesch.; ἐπ̆ ἀκμῆς εἶναι, c. inf., to be on the point of doing, Eur.; ἐπ̆ αὐτὴν ἥκει τὴν ἀκμήν ̆tis come to the critical time, Dem.
4. ἀκμήν, acc. of ἀκμή, used as adv., just, Xen.
5. yet, still, Theocr., NTest.
1. untiring, unwearied, Il., Soph.
1. the anvil-block, smithy Hom.
1. a bedfellow, spouse, husband.
1. to hurl a javelin, τινός at one, Il.; ἐπί τινι id=Il.:—the weapon is put in dat., ἀκόντιςε δουρί darted with his spear, id=Il.; also in acc., ἀκόντιςαν ὀξέα δοῦρα darted their spears, Od.
2. c. acc. pers. to hit with a javelin, Hdt., etc.; Pass. to be so hit or wounded, Eur., Xen.
3. to shoot forth rays, of the moon, Eur.
4. intr. to pierce, εἴςω γῆς id=Eur.
1. a darter, javelin-man, Hom., Hdt., etc.
1. the game of throwing the javelin, Il.
1. only in aor1 part. ἵππος ἀκοςτήςας ἐπὶ φάτνηι a horse corn-fed at manger, a stalled horse, Il.
1. to hearken or listen to, c. gen., Od.; δαιτὸς ἀκουάζεςθον ye are bidden to the feast, Il.
1. to hear, Hom., etc. —Construct., properly, c. acc. of thing heard, gen. of pers. from whom it is heard, ταῦτα Καλυψοῦς ἤκουςα Od.; the gen. pers. may be omitted, ἀκήκοας λόγον Soph., or the acc. rei, ἄκουε τοῦ θανόντος id=Soph.:—often however c. gen. rei, to have hearing of a thing.
2. c. gen. objecti, to hear of, hear tell of, ἀκ. πατρός Od.; so c. acc., Od.:—so, ἀκ. περί τινος.
3. the pers. from whom the thing is heard takes a prep., ἀκούειν τι ἀπό, ἔκ, παρά, πρός τινος, Il., attic
4. to know by hearsay, εἴ που ἀκούεις Od.; so Plat., etc.
5. absol. to hearken, give ear, to begin a proclamation, ἀκούετε λεώι hear, O people.
6. to listen to, give ear to, Il.
7. to obey, c. gen., or more rarely c. dat., id=Il.
8. to hear and understand, κλύοντες οὐκ ἤκουον Aesch.
9. in pass. sense, with an adv., to hear oneself called, be called so and so, like Lat. audire, κακῶς ἀκ. πρός τινος to be ill spoken of by one, Hdt.; εὖ, κακῶς, ἄριςτα ἀκ., Lat. bene, male audire, id=Hdt., attic
10. with a Noun, ἀκούειν κακός, καλός Soph., Plat.; κόλακες ἀκούουςι Dem.
11. c. acc. rei, ἀκ. κακά to have evil spoken of one, Ar.; φήμας κακὰς ἤκουςεν Eur.
1. unfulfilled, fruitless, Lat. irritus, Hom.
1. a locust, Il.
1. recklessly or confusedly babbling, Il.
2. hard of interpretation, Od.
1. of undistinguishable, i. e. closely blending, leafage, Il.
1. only in epic part.; growing black on the surface, of a swollen stream, Il.
1. high-ranging, lofty, Hom.
1. with hair on the crown, of the Thracians, who seem to have shaved all the head except the crown, Il.
2. with leaves at the top, Eur., Theocr.
1. a headland, foreland, promontory, shore, Od., etc.: of the banks of rivers, ἀκταὶ Σιμόεντος Aesch.; Ἀχέροντος Soph.
2. generally, coast-land, ἀκταὶ διφάςιαι of the N. and S. coasts of Asia Minor, Hdt.; of Attica (cf. ἀκταῖος), Soph.
3. generally, any edge or strand, like the sea-coast, Lat. ora, χώματος ἀκτή of a sepulchral mound, Aesch.; βώμιος ἀ. of an altar, Soph. (Perh. from a)/gnumi, cf. ῥηγμίν.）
4. corn or meal, Δημήτερος ἀκτή Il.; ἀλφίτου ἀκτή Od.
1. without property, poor, χρυςοῖο in gold, Il.: absol., ἀκτ. πενία Theocr.
1. a ray, beam, of the sun, Hom.; ἀνὰ μέςςαν ἀκτῖνα, i. e. from the south, Soph.; ἀκτῖνες τελευτῶςαι sunset, Eur.
2. metaph. brightness, splendour, glory, Pind.
3. like Lat. radius, the spoke of a wheel, Anth.
1. a point, Hom., etc.
1. insatiate, unsated in or with a thing, c. gen., Il.
2. （κορέω) unswept, ungrimmed, ungarnished, Ar.
1. to wander or roam about, like a beggar, Od.; of seamen, id=Od.
1. to wander, stray or roam about, Hom., etc.: to wander from home, be banished, Soph.; c. acc. loci, ἀλ. γῆν to wander over the land, id=Soph.
2. c. gen. to wander away from, cease to enjoy, εὐφροςύνας Pind.; τῆς πάροιθ̆ εὐπραξίας Eur.
3. metaph. to wander in mind, be distraught, Soph.
1. an escape, Il.; c. gen. shelter from ὑετοῦ Hes.
2. warmth, heat, Od., Ar. (Deriv. uncertain.)
1. to trouble oneself, have a care, mostly with negat.:
2. absol., οὐκ ἀλ. to have no care, heed not, Lat. negligo, Hom.; κύνες οὐκ ἀλέγουςαι careless, reckless dogs, Od.; without negat., ἀλέγουςι κιοῦςαι are heedful in their course.
3. with a case,
4. c. gen. to care for, Od., Aesch.
5. c. acc. to heed, regard, respect, Il.:—without a negat., ὅπλα ἀλέγουςιν take care of, Od.
1. to ward or keep off, turn away or aside; c. acc. rei, Ζεὺς τό γ̆ ἀλεξήςειε Od.; c. acc. rei et dat. pers., Δαναοῖςιν ἀλεξήςειν κακὸν ἦμαρ will ward it off from them, Il., etc.: —then c. dat. pers. only, to assist, defend, id=Il., Xen.; absol. to lend aid, Il.: —Mid. to keep off from oneself, defend oneself against, c. acc., id=Il.: absol. to defend oneself, id=Il., Soph.
2. Mid., also, to recompense, requite, τοὺς εὖ καὶ κακῶς ποιοῦντας ἀλεξόμενος Xen.
1. to avoid, shun, c. acc. rei, ἔγχεα ἀλεώμεθα, ἠλεύατο ἔγχος, ἀλεύατο κῆρα, ἀλεώμεθα μῆνιν, τὸ κῆτος ἀλέαιτο, — all in Il.; rarely c. acc. pers., θεοὺς ἀλέαςθαι, id=Il.:—c. inf. to avoid doing; ἀλεύεται (epic 3rd sg. subj. for -ηται) ἠπεροπεύειν Od.
2. absol. to flee for one's life, flee, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενον Il.; οὔτε φυγέειν δύνατ̆ οὔτ̆ ἀλέαςθαι id=Il.
1. truth
2. truth, as opp. to a lie, παιδὸς πᾶςαν ἀλ. μυθεῖςθαι to tell the whole truth about the lad, Od.; so, χρᾶςθαι τῇ ἀλ. Hdt.; ἡ ἀλ. περί τινος Thuc.
3. truth, reality, opp. to appearance, τῶν ἔργων ἡ ἀλ. Thuc.
4. adverb. usages, τῇ ἀληθείᾳ in very truth, Thuc.; rarely ἀληθείᾳ Plat.; ἐπ̆ ἀληθείας in truth and reality, Dem.; μετ̆ ἀληθείας Xen.; κατ̆ ἀλήθειαν Arist.
5. the character of the ἀληθής, truthfulness, sincerity, frankness, candour, Hdt., etc.
1. poor in lands, Il.
1. unshrinking, unabating, Il.; neut. as adv., μηδ̆ ἀλίαςτον ὀδύρεο nor mourn incessant, id=Il.; so, φρὴν ἀλίαςτος φρίςςει Eur.
2. of persons, undaunted, id=Eur.
1. resembling, like, Hom.:—cf. the compd. ἐναλίγκιος.
1. the shout of victory, Il.: war-cry, id=Il., Hes.
2. rarely, a cry of woe or wailing, Il.
3. a loud noise, αὐλῶν Anth.
1. to be sore distressed, Il.
1. a blind, i. e. useless, careless, watch, Hom., Hes.
1. to empty, drain, exhaust, Od.; ἀλ. πόλιν to plunder it, Il.; and of men, to destroy, id=Il.
1. exhausted, powerless, feeble, Hom., Hes.; Comp. ἀλαπαδνότεροι Il.
1. to be full of wrath, Il.
1. to feel bodily pain, suffer, Il., Hdt., etc.; the suffering part in acc., ἀλγ. ἧπαρ Aesch.; τὸν δάκτυλον, τὰ ὄμματα Plat.
2. to suffer hardship, Od.
3. to feel pain of mind, to grieve, be troubled or distressed, ἀλγεῖν ψυχήν, φρένα Hdt., Eur., etc.; ἀλγ. τινί to be pained at a thing, Hdt., Soph.; ἐπί τινι id=Soph.; διά τι Hdt.; περί τι or τινος Thuc.; c. gen., Aesch.; c. acc., ἀλγῶ μὲν ἔργα id=Aesch.; c. part., ἤλγης̆ ἀκούςας Hdt.
1. more or most painful, grievous or distressing:— of the comp., Hom. has only neut. ἄλγιον, so much the worse, all the harder; ἀλγίςτη δαμάςαςθαι (of a mule), Il.
1. to grow, wax, Il.
2. trans. = a)ldai/nw, Theocr.
1. one who flees from punishment, a culprit, a sinner, Hom.
1. to anoint with oil, oil the skin, as was done after bathing, or before gymnastic exercises, the Act. referring to the act of another, Mid. to oneself, Il.; often with λίπα added (v. li/pa):— metaph. to prepare as if for gymnastics, to stimulate, Plat., etc.
2. like ἐπαλείφω, to plaster, οὔατα ἀλεῖψαι to stop up the ears, Od.
1. to trouble oneself about a thing, to care for, in Hom. always with negat., c. gen. rei, τῶν μὲν ἄρ̆ οὐκ ἀλέγιζε πατήρ Il.: absol. to take heed, id=Il.
1. c. inf., ἵπποι ἀλεγεινοὶ δαμήμεναι hard to break, Il.
1. to avoid, shun, c. acc., Od.; c. inf., κτεῖναι ἀλέεινε he avoided killing him, Il.
1. keeping off evil or mischief, Il.: c. gen., δίψης ἀλ. Anth.
1. one who keeps off, ἀλ. μάχης a stemmer of battle, a champion, Il.
1. avoidance, escape, Il., Hdt.
2. c. gen. a means of avoiding, a defence or shelter from δηί̈ων ἀνδρῶν Il.: absol. a defence, id=Il., Hdt.
1. unconcealed, true:
2. true, opp. to ψευδής, Hom.; τὸ ἀληθές, by crasis τἀληθές, ionic τὠληθές, and τὰ ἀληθῆ, by crasis τἀληθῆ the truth, Hdt., attic
3. of persons, truthful, Il., attic
4. of oracles and the like, true, coming true, Aesch., etc.
5. adv. a)lhqw=s, ionic -θέως, truly, Hdt., etc.
6. really, actually, in reality, Aesch., Thuc., etc.; so, ὡς ἀληθῶς Eur., Plat., etc.
7. neut. as adv., proparox. ἄληθες; itane? indeed? really? in sooth? ironically, Soph., Eur., etc.
8. τὸ ἀληθές really and truly, Lat. revera, Plat., etc.; so, τὸ ἀληθέςτατον in very truth, Thuc.
1. c. acc. pers. to sin or offend against a god, Hom., Aesch.
2. c. acc. rei, to transgress, Διὸς ἐφετμάς Il.
3. the part. ἀλιτήμενος is used as an adj., sinful, Od.
1. sinful, sinning; and as Subst., δαίμοςιν ἀλιτρός a sinner against the gods, Hom.: in milder sense, a knave, rogue, Od.
1. strength displayed in action, prowess, courage, boldness, ἐπιειμένος ἀλκήν clad in prowess, Il.; δύεςθαι ἀλκήν id=Il.: in pl. feats of strength, Pind.
2. strength to avert danger, a defence, succour, Hom.; ἀλκή τινος defence or aid against a thing, Hes., Pind., etc.; ἐς or πρὸς ἀλκὴν τρέπεςθαι to turn and resist, stand on one's guard, Hdt., etc.; so, ἀλκῆς μεμνῆςθαι id=Hdt.
3. battle, fight, Aesch., Eur.
1. might, strength, ἀλκὶ πεποιθώς, of wild beasts, Hom.
1. a protector from a thing, c. gen., Hom.
1. the kingfisher, Lat. alcedo, Hom., etc. (halcyon with h is a wrong form.)
1. otherwise, but, stronger than δέ:
2. to oppose single clauses, but, Lat. autem, the preceding clause being negat., οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀλλὰ πολλάκις Plat.; so, οὐχ (or μὴ) ὅτι, οὐχ (or μὴ) ὅπως, are followed by ἀλλά or ἀλλά καὶ . . . , not only . . . , but . . .
3. after a negative ἀλλά sometimes = a)ll' h)/, except, but, ἔπαιςεν οὔτις ἀλλ̆ ἐγώ Soph.
4. to oppose whole sentences, but, yet, Lat. at:— used by Hom., with imperat. or subj., to remonstrate, encourage, persuade, like Lat. tandem, ἀλλ̆ ἴθι, ἀλλ̆ ἄγε, ἀλλὰ ἴωμεν, Hom.
5. joined with other Particles, ἀλλ̆ ἄρα, or, ἀλλ̆ οὖν, but then, however, Hdt., etc.
6. ἀλλὰ γάρ, Lat. enimvero, but really, certainly, attic
7. ἀλλ̆ ἦ in questions, Lat. an vero? ergo? Plat.: cf. ἀλλ̆ ἤ (suo loco).
1. of one another, to one another, one another, Hom., etc.
1. belonging to another people or land, foreign, strange, Hom., etc.
1. i. e. ἄλλοτε πρὸς ἄλλον, leaning first to one side, then to the other, of Ares, Il.; πλοῦτος Anth.
1. to think of other things, to give no heed, Od.; of one in a swoon, to be senseless, Il., Theocr.: to be seized with frenzy, Hdt.
2. to be of another mind, have other views, id=Hdt.
1. of another sort or kind, different, Hom.; ἀλλοῖόν τι, euphem. for κακόν τι, other than good, Hdt.:—from its comparative force, it may be foll. by ἤ . . , id=Hom., Plat., etc.:—but an actual comp. ἀλλοιότερος occurs in Hdt., Thuc., etc.
2. adv. -ws, otherwise, Plat.: comp. -ότερον Xen.
1. opp. to ἴδιος, of or belonging to another, Lat. alienus, Hom., etc.; ἀλλ. γυνή another man's wife, Aesch.; γναθμοῖςι γελοίων ἀλλοτρίοιςιν, of the suitors, laughed with a face unlike one's own, of a forced, unnatural laugh, Od. (Horace's malis ridere alienis is different); ἀλλ. ὄμμαςιν by the help of another's eyes, Soph.; ἀλλοτριωτάτοις τοῖς ςώμαςιν χρῆςθαι to deal with one's body as if it absolutely belonged to another, Thuc.
2. opp. to οἰκεῖος, foreign, strange, Lat. peregrinus, Hom.; often with the notion of hostile, Il.
3. adv., ἀλλοτρίως ἔχειν or διακεῖςθαι πρός τινα to be unfavourably disposed towards one, Lys.: comp. -ιώτερον less favourably, Dem.
1. to thresh, thresh out, Plat.
2. to thresh, cudgel, beat, Il., Ar.
1. to pay no regard to a thing, Lat. rationem non habere rei, c. dat., Il.; c. gen. to be disregardful of, Hdt.
2. to be out of one's senses, Luc.
1. anything used for anointing, hog's-lard, grease, unguent, Hom.
2. laying on of unguents or paint, ἀλ. μύρων Plat.
1. to shun, shirk, avoid, Hom.
1. to bring in, yield, earn, Hom.:—metaph., φθόνον ἀλφάνειν to incur envy, Eur.
1. bringing in oxen, παρθένοι ἀλφεςίβοιαι maidens whose parents receive many oxen as presents from their suitors, i. e. much-courted, Il.
1. a threshing-floor, ἱερὰς κατ̆ ἀλωάς Il.; μεγάλην κατ̆ ἀλωήν, ἐϋκτιμένην κατ̆ ἀλ. id=Il.
2. a garden, orchard, vineyard, v. gouno/s.
1. to flee from, shun, avoid, forsake, c. acc., Hom., etc.: rarely c. gen. to flee from, Soph.:— absol. to escape, Hom.
1. to be uneasy, be in distress, Il.
1. to wander in mind .
2. from grief, to be ill at ease, be distraught, Il.: to be beside oneself, Hom., Soph.
3. from perplexity, to be at a loss, not know what to do, ἀλύει δ̆ ἐπὶ παντί id=Soph.; ἀλ. λύπαι, ἐν πόνοις, id=Soph.
4. from joy or exultation, to be beside oneself, Od., Aesch.
5. to wander or roam about, Luc., Babr.
1. a trench, conduit, channel, for watering meadows, Il., Theocr.
1. unenviable:
2. melancholy, direful, Hom., Eur.
3. of persons, unhappy, miserable, Od.
1. to milk sheep and goats; βόας Theocr.: —Mid., in metaph. sense, ἀμέλγεςθαι τοὺς ξένους to milk them dry, Ar.
2. to draw milk from the animals, ἀμ. γάλα Hdt.; Pass., ὄϊες ἀμελγόμεναι γάλα having milk drawn from them, milch-ewes, Il.
3. metaph. to squeeze out like milk, to press out, ἐκ βοτρύων ξανθὸν ἄμελξε γάνος Anth.
4. to drink, Theocr.
1. to deprive of, bereave of, a thing, c. gen., Hes., Od.:—Pass. to be bereft of a thing, αἰῶνος, δαιτός Hom.
2. c. acc. pers. only, to bereave of his rights, to rob, Il.; ὄςςε δ̆ ἄμερδεν αὐγή the glare bereft the eyes of power, blinded them, id=Il.; ἔντεα καπνὸς ἀμέρδει the smoke robs the arms of lustre, tarnishes them, Od.
1. without means or resource, at a loss, τινος about one, Od.; ἀμ. εἴς τι awkward at a thing, Eur.:—adv., ἀμηχάνως ἔχειν ͂ ἀμηχανεῖν, Aesch., Eur.
2. c. inf. at a loss how to do, unable to do, Soph., Dem., etc.
3. in pass. sense,
4. impracticable, difficult, c. inf., ἀμήχανός ἐςςι πιθέςθαι Il.; ὁδὸς ἀμ. εἰςελθεῖν a road hard to enter on, Xen.; ἀμήχανόν ἐςτι, c. inf. 'tis impossible, Hdt., etc.:—absol., ἀμήχανα impossibilities, Aesch., etc.
5. against whom nothing can be done, irresistible, of gods, Il.:—of things, ἀμήχανα ἔργα mischief without resource or remedy, id=Aesch., Hes., Trag.; of dreams, inexplicable, Od.
6. extraordinary, immense, Plat.; ἀμήχανον εὐδαιμονίας an extraordinary amount of happiness, id=Il.:—often c. acc., ἀμήχανος τὸ μέγεθος, τὸ κάλλος, τὸ πλῆθος, i. e. inconceivable in point of size, etc., id=Plat., Xen.:—Plat. often adds the relatives οἷος, ὅςος, and ὡς, as, ἀμήχανον ὅςον χρόνον an inconceivable length of time, ἀμηχάνως ὡς εὖ extraordinarily well.
1. to level with the sand, utterly destroy, Il., Aesch.
2. to spread smooth, level, κόνιν h. Hom.
1. irresistible, Hom., Soph.
2. strong, stubborn, of a mast, Od.
1. to soften: then to destroy, efface, Il.: to use up, squander, χρήματα Theocr.:— Pass., ὥς κεν τεῖχος ἀμαλδύνηται Il.; ἀμαλδυνθήςομαι Ar.
2. metaph. to conceal, disguise, Hhymn.
1. a binder of sheaves, Il.
1. soft, weak, feeble, Hom., Eur.
1. without battle, Il., Hdt.
1. with sudden bursts, ἀμβλ. γοόωςα Il.
1. bubbling up, Il.: metaph. by jets, capriciously, Anth.
2. like a prelude, Hhymn., Pind.
1. ambrosia (i.e. immortality), the food of the gods, Hom., etc.
1. immortal, Hhymn.:—in Hom. night and sleep are called ambrosial, divine, as gifts of the gods; so of everything belonging to the gods, as their hair, robes, sandals, the fodder and the mangers of their horses.
1. Act. to change, exchange, ἔντε̆ ἄμειβεν Il.; ἀμ. τί τινος, as γόνυ γουνὸς ἀμείβων changing one knee for the other, i. e. walking slowly, Il.:—and so, either
2. to give in exchange, τεύχε̆ ἄμειβε χρύςεα χαλκείων exchanged golden armour for brasen, id=Il.; or
3. to take in exchange, πόςιν ἀντὶ ςᾶς ἀμεῖψαι ψυχᾶς to redeem him at the price of thine own life, Eur.
4. of place, to change it, and so to pass, cross, Aesch., Eur.: —then, either to pass out of a place, leave it, or to pass into, enter it, Hdt., attic
5. simply, to change, alter, χρῶτα one's colour, Aesch.
6. Causal, to make others change, τεύχε̆ ἄμειβον Il.: to pass on, hand on from one to another, Eur.
7. like Mid. I. 3, to repay, return, ἀμ. χάριν Aesch.
8. intr. in part., ἀμείβοντες, οἱ, interchangers, i. e. the rafters that meet and cross each other, Il.; ἐν ἀμείβοντι ͂ ἀμοιβαδίς, Pind.
9. ἀμείβει καινὸν ἐκ καινῶν one new thing comes on after others, Eur.
10. Mid. to change one with another, ἀμειβόμενοι by turns, alternately, Hom.: to come in turn, Eur.
11. often of dialogue, to answer one another, Od.; often in part. ἀμειβόμενος, answering, in answer, Hom.; c. acc., ἀμ. τινα μύθωι, μύθοις, ἐπέεςςι id=Hom.; even, ταῦτα τοὺς φίλους ἠμείψατο Hdt.
12. to repay, requite, δώροιςιν ἀμ. τινα Od.; χρηςτοῖςι Hdt.; also c. acc. et dat. rei, ἀμ. εὐεργεςίας χάριςιν Xen.
13. to get in exchange, λώιους φρένας τῶν νῦν παρουςῶν Soph.
14. like Act. to change a place, to pass either out of or into, Hom., etc.
1. unsoftened, cruel, Hom., Hes.
1. implacable, relentless, Il.
2. of things, unmitigated, Aesch.
1. better, abler, stronger, braver, Hom., etc.; v. a)gaqo/s.
2. of things, better, fitter, id=Hom.
3. ἄμεινόν [ἐςτι] 'tis better, c. inf., ἐπεὶ πείθεςθαι ἄμεινον Il., etc.; with negat., οὐ γὰρ ἄμεινον 'twere better not, Hdt.
4. τὰ ἀμείνω φρονέειν to choose the better part, id=Hdt.
1. to have no care for, be neglectful of, c. gen., Hom., Hdt., etc.
2. absol. to be careless, heedless, negligent, Hes., etc.; τὸ μἀμελεῖν (crasis for μὴ ἀμελεῖν) carefulness, Aesch.
3. c. acc. et part. to overlook, and so to let, allow, suffer, παῖδας θνήςκοντας ἀμελεῖ he lets them die, Eur.:—Xen. has gen. in same sense.
4. c. inf. to neglect to do, Hdt., Plat.
5. Pass. to be slighted, overlooked, Soph., etc.; οἱ ἠμελημένοι ἄνθρωποι Thuc.:—adv. h)melhme/nws, carelessly, Xen.
1. powerless, fleeting, feeble, of ghosts, Od., etc.; of dreams, id=Od.; of one wounded, Il.
2. of mortal men generally, Hhymn., Ar.
1. to deaden the force of a thing, Il.
1. unmeasured in words, Il.
1. a reaper, Il.
1. epith. of Lycian, wearing no girdle (μίτρα) with their coat of mail (χιτών), Il.
1. epith. of Lemnos, inaccessible, inhospitable, Il.
1. without toil or effort, Il.
1. alternately, in succession, Hom.
1. one who exchanges, ἀμοιβοί soldiers that relieve others, Il.
2. as adj. in return or in exchange for a thing, c. gen., Soph.
1. a word of uncertain sense:—Hom. always joins νυκτὸς ἀμολγῶι, in the hours before daybreak, or the hours after sunset, i. e. generally, at night-time, Il. (The supposition that ἀμολγός meant milking-time (from a)me/lgw) will not suit the sense. It is said that ἀμολγός was an old word for ἀκμή, so that νυκτὸς ἀμ. means the dead of night.)
1. rich in vines, Il., etc.
1. public, γάμος Od.
2. acc. fem. ἀμφαδίην as adv., = a)mfado/n, Il.
1. two-edged, Il., Aesch.
2. metaph., ἀμφ. γλῶττα a tongue that will cut both ways, i. e. maintain either right or wrong, Ar.; of an oracle, ambiguous, Luc.
1. contested on both sides, ἀμφήριςτον ἔθηκεν, i. e. made it a "drawn" race, Il.
1. prep. with gen., dat., and acc.—Radic. sense, on both sides (cf. ἄμφω, Lat. ambo), whereas περί properly means all round.
2. c. gen.:
3. Causal, about, for, for the sake of a thing, ἀμφὶ γυναικός Aesch.
4. about, i. e. concerning or of a thing, ἀμφὶ φιλότητος ἀείδειν to sing about or of love, Od.
5. of Place, about, around, ἀμφὶ τῆς πόλιος Hdt.
6. C. DAT.:
7. of Place, on both sides of, about, ἀμφὶ ὤμοις, ςτήθεςςι Hom.; likewise, ἀμφὶ περὶ ςτήθεςςι Od.:—then, just like περί, all round, κρέα ἀμφὶ ὀβελοῖς ἔπειραν they fixed the meat round, i. e. upon, the spits, id=Hom.
8. generally, about, near, at, ἀμφὶ πύληιςι Il.
9. about, regarding, ἔρις ἀμφὶ μουςικῆι Hdt.; for the sake of, for, ἀμφ̆ Ἑλένηι μάχεςθαι Il., etc.
10. like Lat. prae, ἀμφὶ τάρβει, ἀμφὶ φόβωι, prae pavore, for very fear, Aesch., Eur.
11. C. ACC.:
12. of Place, about, around, mostly with a sense of motion, ἀμφί μιν φᾶρος βάλον Il.
13. about, near, ἀμφὶ ῥέεθρα somewhere by the banks, ib.
14. of persons who are about one, οἱ ἀμφὶ Πρίαμον Priam and his train, id=Il.; οἱ ἀμφὶ jέρξεα his army, Hdt.; in attic, οἱ ἀμφὶ Πρωταγόραν the school of Protagoras or Protagoras himself, Plat.
15. κλαίειν ἀμφί τινα to weep about or for one, Il.
16. εἶναι, διατρίβειν ἀμφί τι to be engaged about it, Xen.
17. as a loose definition of Time, about, Pind.; ἀμφὶ Πλειάδων δύςιν Aesch.:—so of Number, Lat. circiter, ἀμφὶ τὰς δώδεκα μυριάδας about 120, 000, Xen.
18. WITHOUT CASE, as adv., on both sides, about, around.
19. = a)mfi/s A. 11, apart, Hhymn.
20. IN COMPOS.:
21. about, on both sides, as ἀμφίςτομος, ͂ δίςτομος.
22. all round, on all sides, as ἀμφιλαμβάνω, ἀμφιλαφής.
23. Causal, for, for the sake of, as ἀμφιμάχομαι.
1. covering the whole man, of a large shield, Il.
1. pointed at each end, double-pointed, Hom.; in Soph., of persons, armed at all points, practised combatants.
1. fringed all round, of the Aegis, Il.
1. torn on both sides, Il.
1. of a cup, either that will stand on both ends, or, with handles on both sides, Il.
1. with hair all round, Anth.
2. thick-leafed, Il.
1. busied about, busy, epith. of Κύπρις, Soph.:—as fem. Subst. a handmaid, Od.:— sometimes joined with another Subst., ἀμφ. ταμίη, ἀμφ. γραῦς the housekeeper, the old woman in waiting, Hom.
2. as masc. an attendant, follower, Pind.: —also a priest, Plut.
3. in pass. sense, as adj. much-frequented, Pind.
1. as adv.
2. on or at both sides, Il.; with both hands at once, id=Il.
3. generally, around, round about, id=Il.
4. apart, asunder, γαῖαν καὶ οὐρανὸν ἀμφὶς ἔχειν to keep heaven and earth asunder, Od.; ἀμφὶς ἀγῆναι to snap in twain, Il.; ἀμφὶς φράζεςθαι or ἀμφὶς φρονεῖν to think separately, i. e. to be divided, take opposite parts, id=Il.
5. as prep., like ἀμφί,
6. c. gen. around, ἅρματος ἀμφίς all round his chariot, Il.
7. apart from, ἀμφίς τινος ἧςθαι id=Il.; ἀμφὶς ὁδοῦ out of the road, id=Il.
8. c. acc. about, around, always following its case, id=Il.
1. to place round; only used in Pass. ἀμφίςταμαι, with intr. aor2 act. ἀμφέςτην, epic 3rd pl. ἀμφέςταν; syncop. 3rd pl. perf. ἀμφεςτᾶςι (for ἀμφεςτήκαςι):— to stand around, Hom.; c. dat., Soph.
1. with double crest (v. fa/los), Il.
1. poured around; thrown up around, of an earthen wall, Il.
1. to embrace warmly, treat kindly, greet warmly, Od., etc.; so in Mid., Il.
1. Mid. to gather round, θεαὶ δέ μιν ἀμφαγέροντο (aor2) Il.: hence pres. ἀμφαγέρομαι, Theocr.
1. publicly, openly, without disguise, Hom.
1. to rattle or ring around, Il.
1. speechlessness, Hom.
1. to touch or feel all round, to handle, Hom.; so in Mid., Od.
2. μαλακώτερος ἀμφαφάαςθαι easier to deal with, manage, Il.
1. covered on both sides, close-covered, epith. of Apollo's quiver, Il.
1. of a bird, to fly shrieking about, in irreg. part. perf. ἀμφιαχυῖα, Il.
1. of ships, rowed on both sides; or, rather, swaying to and fro, rolling.
1. to go about, be all round, encompass, Hom.
2. like διέπω, to be busy about, look after, id=Hom.:—to do honour or reverence to, Pind.
3. to tend, id=Pind.; to guard, protect, Soph., Eur.
4. ἀμφ. κῆδος to court an alliance, Lat. ambire, id=Eur.
5. absol. in partic. with good heed, heedfully, carefully, Hom.
6. in Mid. to follow and crowd round, Il.
1. to throw or put round: of clothes, to put them on a person, Lat. circumdare, c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, ἀμφὶ δέ χλαῖναν βάλεν Od.; also c. dat. pers., ἀμφὶ δέ μοι ῥάκος βάλον Il.:—Mid. to put round oneself, put round one, put on, Od.
2. ἀμφιβαλὼν θάλαμον having thrown a chamber over him, id=Od.; ζυγὸν Ἑλλάδι ἀμφ. Aesch.:—Mid., λευκὴν ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα I put on, get white hair, Soph.
3. for the Mid. the Act. is sometimes used, κρατερὸν μένος ἀμφιβαλόντες [ἑαυτοῖς] Il.
4. to throw the arms round, to embrace, c. dat. pers., Od.
5. also, c. acc. pers. to embrace, Eur.
1. to go about or around, Il.
2. to bestride, Od.:—esp. to bestride a fallen friend, so as to protect him, Il.; hence of tutelary deities, to protect, id=Il.
3. to encompass, wrap round, c. acc., νεφέλη ςκόπελον ἀμφιβέβηκε Od.: also c. dat., νέφος ἀμφιβέβηκε νηυςίν Il.:—metaph., ςε πόνος φρένας ἀμφιβέβηκεν id=Od., etc.
1. of Hephaestus, he that halts in both feet, the lame one, Il.
1. used in intr. perf. and plup. to burn or blaze around, Il.
1. to be put round, fitted closely round, Hom.
1. having torn both cheeks, in grief, Il.
1. to sit on, settle upon, c. dat., Il.
1. blooming on both sides, of children who have both parents alive, Il.
2. all abounding, of the gods, Aesch., Ar.:—metaph. abounding in, c. dat., Aesch.
1. c. acc. to cover all round, enwrap, enfold, of garments, Il.; of a coffin, id=Il.; ἀμφ. ἵππον to receive within the walls, Od.; of death, sleep, id=Od.
2. ἀμφ. τί τινι to put a thing round any one as a cover or shelter, ἀμφ. ςάκος τινί, νέφος τινί id=Od.
3. after Hom., ἀμφ. τινά τινι to surround one with a thing, Batr.:—Pass., ἀμφεκαλύφθη κρᾶτα he had his head covered, Eur.
1. in Hom. ἀμφικύπελλον δέπας, a double cup, i. e. one that forms a cup both at top and bottom, Il., etc.
1. associated with ἡ νύξ, the morning-twilight, gray of morning, Il.
1. Dep., only in pres. and imperf., to fight round:
2. c. acc. to besiege, Il.
3. c. gen. to fight for, id=Il.
1. black all round: φρένες ἀμφιμέλαιναι, prob. referring to the φρένες or midriff being wrapped in darkness, dark-seated.
1. Mid., of cattle, to feed around: then, of men, to dwell round, c. acc. loci, Il.
1. Dep. to be busied about, take charge of, c. acc., Hom.; τὸν κύνες ἀμφεπένοντο the dogs made a meal of him, Il.
1. to keep turning about all ways, Il.
1. to attend to a thing, c. acc., Il.
1. Dep. to fly round and round, Il.
1. Dep. to beleaguer, besiege, epic pl. impf. ἀμφεςτρατόωντο πόλιν Il.
1. turning all ways, of a dragon's heads, Il.
1. to put round, Lat. circumdo, ἀμφὶ δέ οἱ κυνέην ἔθηκε (in tmesi), Hom.; κόςμον ἀμφ. χροί̈ Eur.; also, ςτέφανον ἀμφὶ κρᾶτα id=Eur.:—Mid. to put round oneself, Od.:—Pass. to be put on, Il.
2. to cover with a thing, κάρα πέπλοις Eur.
1. Pass. to tremble all round, ἀμφεφόβηθεν (epic for -ήθηςαν, 3rd pl. aor1) Il.
1. a large jar with two handles, Lat. amphora, Hom.; cf. ἀμφορεύς.
1. to gape round, gape for, c. acc., Il.; of a child, ἀμφ. μαςτόν Aesch.; of an army surrounding a city, Soph.
1. to pour around, to pour or spread over, Od.
2. Pass. to be poured or shed around, Il.; c. acc., Hom.
3. of persons, to embrace, c. acc., Od.
1. from or on both sides, utrinque, Il., Hdt., etc.
2. at both ends, Od.
1. to both sides, Il.
1. each or both of two, Lat. uterque, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
2. neut. ἀμφότερον as adv., ἀμφότερον βαςιλεύς τ̆ ἀγαθός κρατερός τ̆ αἰχμητής both good king and stout warrior, Il.; so in neut. pl., ἀμφότερα μένειν πέμπειν τε Aesch.
3. κατ̆ ἀμφότερα on both sides, utrinque, Hdt.; ἐπ̆ ἀμφότερα, both ways, in utramque partem, id=Hdt.; ἀπ̆ ἀμφοτέρων from both sides, ex utraque parte, id=Hdt.; ἀμφοτέραις, epic -ηιςι (sc. χερςί), Od.; ἐπ̆ ἀμφοτέρων βεβα_κώς (sc. ποδῶν) Theocr.
1. blameless, noble, excellent, used by Hom. as an honorary epithet, like our honourable, excellency, not implying virtue; never used of gods.
2. of things, Hom.
1. a defender, helper, Hom.
2. an avenger, πατρός Eur.
1. to keep off, ward off, Hom.:
2. c. acc. of the person or thing to be kept off, c. dat. of pers. for or from whom the danger is kept off, Δαναοῖςιν λοιγὸν ἀμύνειν to ward off ruin from the Danai, Il.:— the dat. is often omitted, λοιγὸν ἀμύνει id=Il.
3. c. dat. pers. to defend, assist, aid, succour, Hom., etc.
4. c. gen. from whom danger is kept off, Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν he kept the Trojans off from the ships, Il., etc.
5. absol. to repel assaults, to aid, id=Il.; τὰ ἀμύνοντα means of defence, Hdt.
6. rarely c. acc., like Mid. 11, to requite, repay, Soph.
7. Mid. to ward off from oneself, defend oneself against:
8. c. acc., Il.
9. c. gen. of that from which danger is warded off, to fight for or in defence of, id=Il.: so, ἀμύνεςθαι περὶ πάτρης id=Il.; ὑπέρ τινος Xen.
10. absol. to defend oneself, Il.
11. ἀμύνεςθαί τινα also to avenge oneself on an enemy, to requite, repay, punish, Soph., Thuc., etc.; also, ἀμύνεςθαί τινά τινος or ὑπέρ τινος to punish for a thing, id=Thuc.
1. to scratch, tear, wound, lacerate, mangle, Il., Hdt.; also to prick, sting, Luc., scratch with both hands.
2. metaph., θυμὸν ἀμ. to tear the heart, Il., Aesch.; φρὴν ἀμύςςεται id=Aesch.
1. unblamed, blameless, Il., etc.:—adv. -tws, Hdt.
1. prep. governing gen., dat., and acc. Radic. sense, up, upon, opp. to κατά.
2. WITH GEN., ἀνὰ νηός on board ship, Od.
3. WITH DAT., on, upon, ἀνὰ ςκήπτρωι upon the sceptre, Il.; ἀνὰ ὤμωι upon the shoulder, Od.
4. WITH ACC., the comm. usage, implying motion upwards:
5. of Place, up to, up along, ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν Hdt.; ἀνὰ δῶμα up and down the house, throughout it, Il.; so, ἀνὰ ςτρατόν, ἄςτυ, ὅμιλον Hom.; ἀνὰ ςτόμα ἔχειν to have continually in the mouth, id=Hom.
6. of Time, throughout, ἀνὰ νύκτα Il.; ἀνὰ τὸν πόλεμον Hdt.; ἀνὰ χρόνον in course of time, id=Hdt.; ἀνὰ πᾶςαν τὴν ἡμέραν id=Hdt.; but, ἀνὰ πᾶςαν ἡμέραν, distributively, day by day, id=Hdt.
7. distributively also with Numerals, ἀνὰ πέντε παραςάγγας τῆς ἡμέρας [they marched] at the rate of 5 parasangs a day, Xen.; κλιςίας ἀνὰ πεντήκοντα companies at the rate of 50 in each, NTest.; ἔλαβον ἀνὰ δηνάριον a denarius apiece, id=NTest.
8. ἀνὰ κράτος up to the full strength, with all might, ἀνὰ κράτος φεύγειν, ἀπομάχεςθαι Xen.; ἀνὰ λόγον in proportion, Plat.
9. WITHOUT CASE as adv. thereupon, Hom., etc.
10. all over, μέλανες δ̆ ἀνὰ βότρυες ἦςαν all over there were clusters, Il. [E.] IN COMPOS.,
11. upwards, up, as ἀναβαίνω, ἀνίςτημι.
12. with a sense of increase or completeness, as ἀνακρίνω.
13. again, as ἀναβλαςτάνω, ἀναγινώςκω.
14. back, backwards, ἀναχωρέω.
15. ἄνα by anastr. for ἀνάςτηθι, up! arise! ἀλλ̆ ἄνα Hom.
16. ἄν apocop. for ἀνέςτη, he stood up, Il.
1. a putting off, delay, Il.
1. force, constraint, necessity, Hom., etc.; ἀνάγκηι perforce, of necessity, or in act. sense, forcibly, by force, id=Hom.; so, ὑπ̆ ἀνάγκης, ἐξ ἀνάγκης, δῐ ἀνάγκης, πρὸς ἀνάγκην, κατ̆ ἀνάγκην, attic:— ἀνάγκη ἐςτί, c. inf., it is matter of necessity to do a thing, Hom., etc.; c. dat. pers., ἀν. μοι ςχεθεῖν Aesch.:—in Trag., πολλή γ̆ ἀνάγκη, πολλή ςτ̆ ἀνάγκη or πολλή μ̆ ἀνάγκη, with which an inf. must be supplied.
2. actual force, violence, torture, Hdt., etc.; metaph., δολοποιὸς ἀν., i. e. the stratagem of Nessus, Soph.
3. bodily pain, anguish, distress, κατ̆ ἀνάγκην ἕρπειν painfully, id=Soph.; ὑπ̆ ἀνάγκης βοᾶν id=Soph.
4. like Lat. necessitudo, the tie of blood, relationship, kindred, Lys., etc.
1. to lead up from a lower place to a higher, Theogn., etc.
2. to lead up to the high sea, to carry by sea, Hom., etc.; ἀν. ναῦν to put a ship to sea, Hdt.; absol. in the same sense, id=Hdt.; —this is more common in Mid.
3. to take up from the coast into the interior, Od., Hdt.; esp. from Asia Minor into Central Asia, Xen.
4. to bring up from the dead, Hes., Aesch.
5. ἀν. χορόν to conduct the choir, Hes., Eur., etc.; also, ἀν. ὁρτήν to celebrate a festival, Hdt.
6. to lift up, raise, κάρα, τὸ ὄμμα Soph., etc.
7. ἀν. παιᾶνα to lift up the paean, id=Soph.
8. in various senses, ἀν. αἷμα to bring up blood, Plut.; ἀν. ποταμόν to bring a river up [over its banks], Luc.; ἀν. φάλαγγα, like ἀναπτύςςειν, Plut.; to bring up a prisoner for examination, Xen., etc.
9. to bring back, Hom., etc.
10. to refer a matter to another, Dem.
11. to rebuild, Plut.
12. to reckon or calculate, id=Plut.
13. intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν) to draw back, withdraw, retreat, Xen.; ἐπὶ πόδα ἀν. to retreat facing the enemy.
14. to reduce in amount, contract, Dem.
15. Mid. and Pass. to put out to sea, set sail, Il., etc.; ἀναχθῆναι Hdt.; ἀναχθείς Aesch.
16. metaph. to make ready, prepare oneself, ὡς ἐρωτήςων Plat.
1. without bridal gifts, Il.
1. want of strength, feebleness, epic dat. pl. ἀναλκείηςι Il.; sg. ἀναλκίη [with ι_] Theogn.
1. recovery of breath, respite from a thing, c. gen., Il.
1. without ransom, only in neut. ἀνάποινον as adv., Il.
1. not fitting, incongruous: hence,
2. of persons, hostile, unpropitious, implacable, Hom., Trag.
3. of events, untoward, strange, monstrous, Hdt.
1. to be lord, master, owner, to rule, in a place, c. dat., Ἄργεϊ, νήςοιςι ἀν.; or c. gen. to be lord of, rule over, Τενέδοιο, Ἀργείων Hom.: also, μετ̆ ἀθανάτοιςι ἀν. to be first among the immortals, Il.:—Mid., τρὶς ἀνάξαςθαι γένεα ἀνδρῶν to have been king for three generations, Od.:—Pass. to be ruled, id=Hom.
2. in Trag. metaph. of things, κώπης ἀνάςςειν, etc., Eur., cf. ἄναξ IV:—Pass., παρ̆ ὅτῳ ςκῆπτρον ἀνάςςεται by whom the sceptre is held as lord, Soph.
1. clashed or rung loudly, of armour, Il.; creaked or grated loudly, of a door, Od.
1. to draw up, τάλαντα ἀνέλκει holds them up (in weighing), Il.; ἀνελκύςαι ναῦς to haul them up high and dry, Hdt., Thuc.
2. to drag up, drag into open court or into the witness-box, Ar.:— Mid., ἀνέλκεςθαι τρίχας to tear one's own hair, Il.
3. to draw a bow, in act to shoot, Hom.:—Mid., ἔγχος ἀνελκόμενος drawing back his spear [out of the corpse], Od.
1. c. acc. pers. to enquire of, question, Od., Soph.
2. c. acc. rei, to ask about, Od., Plat.
3. c. dupl. acc. to ask a person about a thing, Il., Soph.
1. to go up, Od., attic: absol. to mount the tribune, Plut.:— to go up from the coast inland, Od.:— to come up from the nether world, Theogn., Soph.
2. of trees, to grow up, shoot up, Od.: of the sun, to rise, Aesch.:—metaph., ὄλβος ἀν. Eur.
3. to go or come back, go or come home again, return, Hom.
4. to come back to a point, recur, Eur., Plat.
5. νόμος εἴς ς̆ ἀνελθών a law brought home or having relation to you, Eur.
1. without hearth and home, homeless, Il., Ar.
1. trans. to hold up one's hands in fight, Od.; also in token of defeat, Theocr.:— to lift up the hands in prayer, Il., etc.
2. ἀν. φλόγα to hold up a torch at weddings, Eur.; hence ἄνεχε, πάρεχε (sc. τὸ φῶς), i. e. make ready, go on, id=Eur.; also, ἀν. φῶς ςωτήριον to hold up a signal fire, Thuc.
3. to lift up, exalt, τινά Pind.
4. metaph. to uphold, maintain, Od., Thuc.; ἀνέχων λέκτρα remaining constant to the bed, Eur.; so, ἀν. κιςςόν Soph.
5. to put forth, πτόρθους Eur.
6. to hold back, Il.; ἀν. Σικελίαν μὴ ὑπό τινα εἶναι to keep it from being subject, Thuc.
7. intr. to rise up, rise, emerge from water, Od., Hdt.:—esp. in form ἀνίςχω, of the sun, Hdt., Xen.
8. of events, to arise, happen, Hdt.
9. to appear, shew oneself, Soph.
10. to project, Il.; of a headland, to jut out, Hdt., Thuc.
11. to hold on, keep doing, c. part., Thuc.; ςτέρξας ἀνέχει is constant in his love, Soph.; c. acc. et inf. to aver constantly that . . , id=Soph.
12. to hold up, cease, Theogn.:—generally, to wait, delay, Thuc.
13. c. gen. to cease from suffering, get rest from pain, Soph.
14. Mid. to hold up what is one's own, ἔγχος, χεῖρας Il.; hence ἀναςχόμενος absol. (sub. ἔγχος etc.), id=Il.
15. to hold oneself up, bear up, hold out, Il.; aor2 imperat. ἀνάςχεο, epic ἄνςχεο, be of good courage, id=Il.:—in part., ἀνεχόμενοι with patience, Hdt.
16. c. acc. to bear up against, Il., Hdt., attic:— so, c. gen., Od., Plat.
17. the dependent clause is added in part., οὔ ςε ἀνέξομαι ἄλγε̆ ἔχοντα I will not suffer thee to have . . , Il., etc.; οὐ ςῖγ̆ ἀνέχει (sc. ὤν); Soph.
18. c. inf. to suffer, Aesch.
1. not to be healed, incurable, irreparable, fatal, Il., Hdt., attic; ἀνήκεςτα ποιεῖν τινα to do one irreparable injuries, Xen.; ἀνήκεςτα πάςχειν Thuc.
2. of persons, implacable, Xen.
3. act. damaging beyond remedy, deadly, Soph.:—adv., ἀνηκέςτως διατιθέναι to treat with barbarous cruelty, Hdt.
1. αἷμα ἀνήνοθεν ἐξ ὠτειλῆς blood gushed forth from the wound, Il.; κνίςη ἀνήνοθεν the savour mounted up, Od.
1. a man, Lat. vir (not homo):
2. a man, opp. to a woman, Hom., etc.
3. a man, opp. to a god, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε id=Hom.
4. a man, opp. to a youth, a man in the prime of life, id=Hom., etc.; εἰς ἄνδρας ἐγγράφεςθαι to be enrolled among the men, Dem.
5. a man emphatically, a man indeed, ἀνέρες ἔςτε, φίλοι Il.; πολλοὶ μὲν ἄνθρωποι, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἄνδρες many human beings, but few men, Hdt.
6. a man, opp. to his wife, a husband, Hom., etc.; αἰγῶν ἄνερ, Virgil's vir gregis, Theocr.
1. to send up or forth, Hom., etc.; of the earth, to make spring up, Hhymn.; of females, to produce, Soph.:— Pass. to be sent up, produced, Aesch., etc.; to send up from the grave or nether world, id=Aesch., etc.
2. to send back, put back, open, Hom., Eur.
3. to let go, leave, Hom., etc.; c. gen. rei, δεςμῶν ἀνίει loosed them from bonds, Od.: to let go unpunished, Xen.
4. ἀν. τινί to let loose at one, ἀν. κύνας, Lat. canes immittere, Xen.; hence, ἄφρονα τοῦτον ἀνέντες Il.: c. inf. to set on or urge to do a thing, Hom.
5. ἀν. τινὰ πρός τι to let go for any purpose, Hdt.; ἀν. τινὰ μανίας to set free from madness, Eur.
6. to let, allow one to do a thing, c. acc. et inf., Hdt., etc.: —so, ἀν. κόμην to let it hang, loosen, Eur.
7. Mid., c. acc., κόλπον ἀνιεμένη baring her breast, Il.; αἶγας ἀνιέμενοι flaying goats, Od.
8. to let go free, leave untilled, of ground dedicated to a god, Thuc.:—Pass. to devote oneself, give oneself up, Hdt.; of animals dedicated to a god, which are let range at large, id=Hdt.; esp. in perf. pass. part. ἀνειμένος, Soph., etc.
9. to slacken, relax, let down, unstring, Hdt., Plat.:—then, to remit, neglect, give up, Soph., Thuc., etc.:—Pass. to be treated remissly, Thuc.
10. so intr. in Act. to slacken, abate, of the wind, Soph., etc.; οὐδὲν ἀνιέναι not to give way at all, Xen.:—c. part. to give up or cease doing, ὕων οὐκ ἀνίει [ὁ θεός] Hdt.:—c. gen. to cease from a thing, Eur., Thuc.
1. Causal in pres., imperf. to make to stand up, raise up, χειρός by his hand. Il.:— to raise from sleep, wake up, Il.: metaph., ἀν. νόςον Soph.:— to raise from the dead, Il., Aesch.; from misery, Soph.
2. of things, to set up, build, Hdt., etc.; so, ἀν. τινὰ χαλκοῦν to set up a bronze statue of him, Plut.;—aor1 mid., ἀναςτήςαςθαι πόλιν to build oneself a city, Hdt.
3. to build up again, restore, Eur., Dem.
4. to put up for sale, Hdt.
5. to rouse to action, stir up, Il.:— to rouse to arms, raise troops, Thuc.; ἀν. πόλεμον ἐπί τινα Plut.
6. to make people rise, break up an assembly, Il., Xen.
7. to make people rise from their home, make them emigrate, transplant, Od., Hdt., etc.
8. to make suppliants rise and leave sanctuary, Hdt., Thuc.
9. of sportsmen, to put up game, spring it, Xen.
10. Intr. in pres. and imperf. ἀνίςταμαι, -μην, in fut. ἀναςτήςομαι, in aor2 ἀνέςτην, perf. ἀνέςτηκα, attic plup. ἀνεςτήκη; also in aor1 pass. ἀνεςτάθην [α]:— to stand up, rise, to speak, Hom., etc.:— to rise from one's seat as a mark of respect, Lat. assurgere, Il.:— to rise from bed, id=Il., etc.:— to rise from the dead, id=Il.:— to rise from an illness, recover, Hdt.
11. to rise as a champion, Il., Soph.: c. dat. to stand up to fight against, τινι Il.; πᾶςιν ὃς ἀνέςτη θεοῖς Aesch.
12. of buiildings and statues, to be set up, to rise up, rear itself, Eur., Plut., etc.
13. of a river, to rise, Plut.
14. to rise to go, set out, go away, Eur., Thuc., etc.
15. to be compelled to migrate, Thuc.; of a country, to be depopulated, Hdt., Eur.; οὐκέτι ἀνιςταμένη no longer subject to migration, Thuc.
16. of a law-court, to rise, Dem.
17. of game, to be put up, Xen.
1. shamelessness, impudence, effrontery, Hom., Plat., etc.
1. without blood, bloodless, of the gods, Il.
1. Dep. c. acc. to reject with contempt, turn one's back on, spurn, Hom.: also simply to refuse, decline, Od., Xen.
2. to renounce, disown, Aesch., Eur.
3. c. inf. to refuse, decline to do, Il.; and with pleon. negat., ἀναίνετο μηδὲν ἑλέςθαι he said no, he had received nothing, id=Il.
4. absol. to refuse, deny, Hom.
1. of persons, not being the cause of a thing, guiltless, Hom., etc.
2. c. gen. rei, guiltless of a thing, Hdt., Aesch., etc.: —οὐκ ἀναίτιόν ἐςτι, c. inf. it is blamable to do, Xen.
1. to throw or toss up, Thuc., Xen.
2. to put back, put off, Od.; ἀν. τινα to put him off with excuses, Dem.:—Pass. to be adjourned, Thuc.
3. to run a risk, ἐγώ ςφε θάψω κἀνὰ κίνδυνον βαλῶ, ͂ καὶ ἀναβαλῶ, Aesch.
4. Mid. to strike up, begin to play or sing (cf. ἀναβολή 11), Od., Ar.
5. to put off, delay, Il., Ar., etc.
6. to throw back or refer a thing to another, Luc.
7. to throw one's cloak back, throw it over the shoulder, Ar., Plat.; ἀναβεβλημένος with one's cloak thrown up or back, Dem.; cf. ἀναβολή 1. 2.
1. to go up, mount, to go up to, c. acc. loci, Hom.; φάτις ἀνθρώπους ἀναβαίνει a report goes up among men, Od.; with a prep., ἀν. ἐς δίφρον Il.; ἀν. ἐπὶ οὔρεα Hdt.:—c. dat. to trample on, Il.:— c. acc. cogn., ἀν. ςτόλον to go up on an expedition, Pind.
2. Special usages:
3. to mount a ship, go on board, embark, Hom.; ἐς Τροίην ἀν. to embark for Troy, Od., etc.
4. to mount on horseback, ἀν. ἐφ̆ ἵππον, ἐφ̆ ἵππου Xen.; absol., ἀναβεβηκώς mounted, id=Xen.
5. of land-journeys, to go up from the coast into Central Asia, Hdt., Xen.; cf. ἀνάβαςις 1. 2.
6. of rivers, to rise, Hdt.; ἀν. ἐς τὰς ἀρούρας to overflow the fields, id=Hdt.
7. in attic, ἀν. ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα, ἀν. ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα, alone, to mount the tribune, Dem.; ἀν. ἐπὶ ἀν. ἐπὶ πλῆθος, τὸ δικαςτήριον to come before the people, before the court, Plat.
8. of things and events, to come to an end, turn out, like ἀποβαίνω, ἐκβαίνω, Hdt., etc.
9. to come to, pass over to, εἴς τινα id=Hdt.
10. aor1 ἀνέβηςα is used as aor. to ἀναβιβάζω in causal sense, to make to go up, esp. to put on shipboard, Il., Pind.; so mid. ἀνεβήςετο Od.
1. to be mounted or scaled, easy to be scaled, Hom.
1. epic usage, esp. in aor2 ἀν-έγνων, to know well, know certainly, Hom., Hdt.
2. to know again, recognise: to acknowledge, own, Lat. agnoscere, Hom., Hdt.
3. attic usage, fut. ἀναγνώςομαι: aor2 ἀνέγνων: perf. ἀνέγνωκα:— Pass., fut. -γνωςθήςομαι: aor1 ἀνεγνώςθην: perf. ἀνέγνωςμαι, etc.:—of written characters, to know them again, and so to read, Ar., etc.; ἀναγνώςεται (sc. ὁ γραμματεύς), ἀνάγνωθι, Dem.:— οἱ ἀναγιγνώςκοντες students, Plut.
4. ionic usage, aor1 ἀνέγνωςα, to persuade or induce one to do a thing, c. acc. et inf., Hdt.: the inf. is sometimes omitted, ὡς ἀνέγνωςε when he had persuaded him, id=Hdt.;—the pres. is once so used, ἀναγιγνώςκεις ςτρατεύεςθαι βαςιλέα id=Hdt.:—so in aor1 pass. ἀνεγνώςθην, to be persuaded to do a thing, c. inf., id=Hdt.
1. with or by force:
2. act. constraining, applying force, Il.; ἦμαρ ἀν. the day of constraint, i. e. slavery, Ib.;so, ἀναγκαία τύχη the lot of slavery, or a violent death, Soph.; τῶι τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀναγκαίωι by the compulsory nature of our rule, Thuc.; ἐξ ἀναγκαίου under compulsion, id=Thuc.
3. of arguments, forcible, cogent, id=Thuc.
4. pass. constrained, forced, πολεμιςταὶ ἀν. soldiers perforce, whether they will or no, Od.
5. necessary, ἀναγκαῖόν [ἐςτι], like ἀνάγκη ἐςτί, c. inf., it is necessary to do a thing, Hdt., etc.; but, ἔνιαι τῶν ἀποκρίςεων ἀναγκαῖαι ποιεῖςθαι necessarily requiring to be made, Plat.
6. τὰ ἀναγκαῖα necessary things, needs, as food, sleep, id=Plat., Xen.; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀν. the appointed order of things, laws of nature, id=Xen.
7. absolutely necessary, indispensable, barely sufficient; ἀν. τροφή ͂ ἡ καθ̆ ἡμέραν, Thuc.; τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον ὕψος the least height that was absolutely necessary, id=Thuc.; ἡ ἀναγκαιοτάτη πόλις the least that could be called a city, Plat.
8. of persons, connected by necessary ties, i. e. related by blood, id=Plat., etc.:— οἱ ἀναγκαῖοι, Lat. necessarii, kinsfolk, Xen., etc.
9. adv. -ws, necessarily, of necessity, perforce, ἀναγκαίως ἔχει it must be so, Hdt.; ἀν. φέρειν to bear as best one can, opp. to ἀνδρείως, Thuc.
10. ἀν. λέγειν only so far as is necessary, Plat.
1. to bend back: Pass., αἰχμὴ ἀνεγνάμφθη the spear-point was bent back, Il.
2. to undo, loose, δεςμόν Od.
1. Dep. to look up, Il.
1. a band for the hair, a head-band, Il., Eur.:—so,
1. Dep. to take up, catch, receive, Il.
2. to take upon oneself, submit to, ὀϊζύν Od.; ἀν. τι ἐφ̆ ἑαυτόν Dem.
3. to undertake, promise to do, c. fut. inf., Hdt., Xen.:—so, ἀν. τοὺς δανειςτάς to undertake to satisfy them, Plut.:— to be surety to one, τινι Thuc.
1. to come to the top of water, Batr.
2. ἀναδύομαι
3. to come up, rise from the sea, c. gen., Hom.; so c. acc., ἀνεδύςατο κῦμα θαλάςςης Il.
4. to draw back, retire, Hom.: to shrink back, hesitate, Ar.:—of springs, to fail, Plut.
5. c. acc. to draw back from, shun, πόλεμον Il.
1. to lift up, of a wrestler, Il.; to carry off, τάλαντα id=Il.
1. to sprout afresh, Il.
1. shameless, Hom., Soph.
2. c. gen., ἀναιδέα δηϊοτῆτος insatiate of strife, Il.
3. of things, λᾶας ἀναιδής the reckless stone, of Sisyphus, Od.; ἔργ̆ ἀναιδῆ Soph.: —τὸ ἀναιδές, contr. τἀνειδές, ͂ ἀναίδεια, Eur.; ἐπὶ τὸ ἀναιδέςτερον τραπέςθαι Hdt.
4. adv. -dw=s, Soph., etc.
1. adv., without shedding blood, Il.
1. to take up, raise, Lat. tollere.
2. to take up and carry off, bear away, Il., Hdt.
3. to take up bodies for burial, Ar., Xen.; this is more common in Mid.
4. to make away with, to destroy, kill, Hom., Hdt., etc.
5. of things, to abolish, annul, Xen., etc.
6. to destroy an argument, confute, Plat.
7. to appoint, order, of an oracle, c. inf., ἀνεῖλε παραδοῦναι Thuc.; also c. acc. et inf., ἀνεῖλε μιν βαςιλέα εἶναι Hdt.
8. absol. to answer, give a response, id=Hdt., attic
9. Mid. to take up for oneself, take up; and then to gain, win, get, achieve, Hom., etc.; ποινήν τινος ἀν. to exact penalty from one, Hdt.
10. to take up and carry off, snatch away, Od.
11. to take up dead bodies for burial, Hdt., Thuc., etc.
12. to take up in one's arms, Il.: hence, to take up new-born children, own them, Lat. tollere, suscipere, Plut.
13. to conceive in the womb, like ςυλλαμβάνω, Hdt.
14. to take upon oneself, undertake, πόνους id=Hdt.; πόλεμόν τινι war against one, id=Hdt.; ἀν. δημόςιον ἔργον to undertake, contract for the execution of a work, Plat.
15. to accept as one's own, γνώμην Hdt.; ἀν. φιλοψυχίην to entertain a love for life, id=Hdt.
16. to take back to oneself, cancel, Dem.
1. to spout up, gush forth, ἀνακήκιεν αἷμα Il.
1. to lean one thing upon another, [τόξον] ποτὶ γαίηι ἀγκλίνας having laid it on the ground, Il.:—Pass. to lean back, to lie on one's back, recline, Lat. resupinari, Od.
2. to push back a trap-door, to open it, Hom., Hdt. Hence
1. intr., to dart or shoot up, Il., Hdt.
1. to fall rattling over, of chariots, Il.
1. to pick up, gather up, ὀςτέα Il.:—Mid. to pick up for oneself, Hdt.; ἀν. πνεῦμα to collect one's breath, Anth.
2. to reckon up, τὸν χρόνον Plut.: —Pass., ἀναλεγόμενον being recounted, Xen.
1. to mix up, mix together, Od., Hdt., etc.:—Pass. to be mixed with others, Hdt., attic: to have intercourse, Plut.
2. ἀναμίςγω, poet. and ionic for ἀναμίγνυμι, only in pres. and imperf.
3. to mix one thing with another, τί τινι Od.: —Pass. to have intercourse, τινι Hdt.
1. to rage through, c. acc., Il.
1. to throw the head back, in token of denial (which we express by shaking the head), Hom., Hdt., etc.
2. c. acc. rei, to deny, refuse, Il.
1. to dry up things, of the wind, Il.; to dry up a stream, Hdt.
1. to swing to and fro, ἀμπεπαλὼν ἔγχος, having poised and drawn back the spear before throwing it, Il.: to set in motion, urge on, Eur.; ἀμπάλλειν τὰ κῶλα Ar.:—Pass. to spring up, ὡς ὅτε ἀναπάλλεται ἰχθύς, ὣς πληγεὶς ἀνέπαλτο(3rd sg. epic aor2) as when a fish springs up, so he smitten sprang up, Il.
1. to fill up, Lat. explere, Epigr. ap. Luc.
2. metaph., πότμον ἀναπλήςαντες having filled up the full measure of misery, Il.; so, ἀναπλῆςαι οἶτον, κακά, ἄλγεα, κήδεα Hom., Hdt., etc.
3. c. gen. rei, to fill full of a thing, Ar., etc.
4. with a notion of defiling, infecting, ὡς πλείςτους ἀναπλῆςαι αἰτιῶν Plat.; so Pass. to be infected with disease, Thuc., Plat.
1. to make to cease, to stop or hinder from a thing, c. gen., Il.; ἀν. τινά τινος to give him rest or relief from a thing, Soph., Dem.
2. c. acc. only, to stop, put an end to, βοήν Soph.:—more commonly, to rest, halt, τὸ ςτράτευμα, τοὺς ναύτας Xen.
3. rarely intr. in sense of Mid. to take rest, ἀναπαύοντες Thuc.; ἀνέπαυεν Xen.
4. Mid. and Pass. to desist from a thing, ἀπὸ ναυμαχίας Thuc.
5. absol. to take one's rest, sleep, Lat. pernoctare, Hdt., Eur., etc.; of the dead, Theocr.: —of soldiers, to halt, rest, Xen.
6. to regain strength, id=Xen.
1. to pierce through, fix on a spit, Il., Ar.
2. to impale, ἐπὶ ξύλου τινά Hdt.: Pass., ἀποθανεῖν ἀναπαρείς (aor2 part.) id=Hdt.
1. to spread out, unfold, unfurl sails, Il.; ἀν. βόςτρυχον to let the hair flow loose, Eur.; φάος ἀμπετάςας having shed light abroad, id=Eur.; ἀν. τὰς πύλας to throw wide the gates, Hdt.:— Pass., ἀναπεπταμένος thrown open, Il.; ἀλώπηξ ἀναπιτναμένη a fox lying on its back, Pind.:—the part. perf. pass. ἀναπεπταμένος, η, ον, is often a mere adj. open, of the sea, Hdt.; of eyes, Xen.; δίαιτα ἀν. life in the open air, Plut.
1. to leap up, start up, Il., Hdt., etc.
2. to leap back, from fear, Ar.; ἀνεπήδηςεν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑςτίαν, for protection, Xen.
1. to sail up, to go up stream, c. acc., Od.
2. to put out to sea, Il., Dem.
3. to sail the same way back again, sail back, Hdt., Xen.:—of fish, to swim back, Hdt.
1. to breathe again, take breath, Il., etc.: to recover from a thing, c. gen., id=Il., Soph., etc.; so, ἔκ τινος Hdt.:— absol. to revive, Xen.; and in this sense Hom. uses ἄμπνυτο, ἀμπνύνθη.
2. to draw breath, breathe, Pind., Plat.
3. to breathe forth, send forth, καπνόν Pind.
1. to blow forth, to let burst forth, δάκρῠ ἀναπρήςας with tears bursting forth, Hom.
1. to snatch up, Il., Xen.
2. to snatch away, carry off, Hom., etc.; of slave-dealers, to kidnap, Od.:—Pass., Soph.: in Prose also, to be dragged before a magistrate, carried off to prison, Lat. rapi in jus, Dem.
3. in good sense, to rescue, Plut.
4. to take by storm, plunder, Eur.; of persons, ἀναρπαςόμενος τοὺς Φωκέας to take them by storm or at once, Hdt.
5. to carry off, steal, Xen., Dem.
1. to break up the ground, Il., Hdt.
2. to break through a wall, Il., Eur.:—Pass., ἡ ναῦς ἀναρρήγνυται τὴν παρεξειρεςίαν the ship has its bow broken through, Thuc.
3. to tear open a carcase, of lions, Il.; of Ajax, δίχα ἀνερρήγνυ was cleaving them asunder, Soph.
4. to make to break forth, utter, like Lat. rumpere voces, Ar., Theocr.; ἀν. πόλιν to make it break out, excite greatly, Plut.:—Pass. to burst forth; metaph. of persons, ἀναρρήγνυςθαι πρὸς ὀργήν id=Theocr.
5. intr. to break forth, Soph.
1. Pass., only in syncop. aor2, αἷμα ἀνέςςυτο the blood sprang forth, spouted up, Il.
1. to draw up, pull up, Solon, Hdt.:—Mid., ἐκ χροὸς ἔγχος ἀνεςπάςατο he drew his spear forth again, Il.
2. to draw a ship up on land, Hdt., Thuc.
3. to draw or suck up greedily, αἷμα Aesch.: but, ὕδωρ ἀν. to draw water, Thuc.
4. to tear up, Hdt., attic
5. metaph., ἀναςπᾶν λόγους to draw forth words, to utter violent, offensive words, Soph.
6. τὰς ὀφρῦς ἀναςπᾶν to draw up the eyebrows, and so put on a grave important air, Ar.; so, τὰ μέτωπα ἀν. id=Ar.
7. to draw back, τὴν χεῖρα id=Ar.
8. to carry away from home, Luc.
1. standing up, upright, Il.
1. c. acc. pers. to groan aloud over, bemoan, c. acc., Il.; so in Mid., id=Il.
1. to groan aloud, Il.
1. to turn upside down, upset, Il., Eur., etc.; ἀν. καρδίαν to upset the stomach, i. e. cause sickness, Thuc.:—Pass., ὄρος ἀνεςτραμμένον ἐν τῆι ζητήςει turned up by digging, Hdt.
2. to turn back, bring back, τινὰ ἐξ Ἅδιου Soph.; ὄμμ̆ ἀν. κύκλωι to roll one's eye about, Eur.: to rally soldiers, Xen.
3. intr. to turn back, return, retire, Hdt., attic
4. Pass. to be or dwell in a place, Lat. versari, ἄλλην γαῖαν ἀν. to go to a place and dwell there, Od.; ἀν. ἐν Ἄργει Eur.:— to conduct oneself, ὡς δεςπότης Xen.
5. to revolve, of the sun, id=Xen.
6. of soldiers, to face about, rally, id=Xen.
1. to make to rise up or to grow up, Il.:—Pass., φλὸξ ἀνατελλομένη a flame mounting up, Pind.
2. to give birth to, bring to light, id=Pind.: of events, Soph.
3. intr. to rise, of the sun and moon, Hdt., Soph., etc.
4. of a river, to take its rise, Hdt.
5. to grow, of hair, Aesch.
1. to lay upon (as a burden), Il., Ar.
2. to refer, attribute, ascribe a thing to a person, Hdt., etc.; οὐ γὰρ ἂν οἱ πυραμίδα ἀνέθεςαν ποιήςαςθαι would not have attributed to him the erection of the pyramid, id=Hdt.; ἐμοὶ ἀναθήςετε will give me the credit of it, Thuc.:—also, ἀν. τινὶ πράγματα to lay them upon him, entrust them to him, Ar., Thuc.
3. to set up as a votive gift, dedicate, τί τινι Hes., Hdt., etc.; hence the votive gift itself was ἀνάθημα:— Pass., aor1 inf. ἀνατεθῆναι Ar.; but ἀνάκειμαι is more freq. as the Pass.
4. metaph., ἀν. τι λύραι to commit a song to the lyre, Pind.
5. to set up and leave in a place, Ar.
6. to put back, remove, προςθεῖςα κἀναθεῖςα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν by adding or putting off somewhat of the necessity of death, Soph.
7. Mid. to put upon for oneself, τὰ ςκεύη ἐπὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια Xen.
8. to impart something of one's own, τί τινι NTest.
9. to place differently, change about, Orac. ap. Hdt., Plat.
10. metaph. to retract one's opinion, Xen.
1. to turn up or over, overturn, upset, Archil., etc.:—Pass., ἀνετράπετο ͂ ὕπτιος ἔπεςεν, Il.; of ships, Plat., etc.
2. to overthrow, Lat. evertere, Hdt., attic
3. to upset in argument, refute, Ar.:—Pass. to be upset, disheartened, ἀνετράπετο φρένα λύπαι Theocr.
4. to stir up, awaken, Soph.
1. to run back, Il.
2. c. acc. to retrace, Lat. repetere, Pind.
3. to jump up and run, start up, of men, Hdt., Thuc.
4. of things, ἐγκέφαλος ἀνέδραμε ἐξ ὠτειλῆς the brains spurted up from the wound, Il.; ςμώδιγγες ἀνέδραμον weals started up under the blow, id=Il.
5. to run up, shoot up, of plants, id=Il.; then of cities and peoples, to shoot up, rise quickly, Hdt.
6. ἀναδέδρομε πέτρη the rock ran sheer up, Od.
1. to bring or carry up, Od., etc.; ἀν. τινὰ εἰς Ὄλυμπον Xen.:— to carry up the country, esp. into Central Asia, Hdt.:—Mid. to carry up to a place of safety, take with one, id=Xen.
2. to bring up, pour forth, tears, Aesch.:—Mid., ἀνενείκαςθαι, absol. to fetch up a deep-drawn breath, heave a deep sigh, Il., Hdt.:—c. acc. rei, to utter, ἀνενείκατο φωνάν, μῦθον Theocr.
3. to uphold, take upon one, ἄχθος Aesch.; κινδύνους Thuc.
4. to offer, contribute, εἰς τὸ κοινόν Dem.:— to offer in sacrifice, NTest.
5. intr. to lead up, of a road, Xen.
6. to bring or carry back, Eur., etc.; ἀν. τὰς κώπας to recover the oars, at the end of the stroke, Thuc.
7. to bring back tidings, report, Hdt., etc.
8. to bring back from exile, Thuc.
9. to carry back, trace up one's family to an ancestor, Plat.
10. to refer a matter to another, Hdt., etc.: to ascribe, Eur., etc.:—without acc., ἀν. εἴς τινα to appeal to another, make reference to him, Hdt., Plat.:—of things, ἀν. εἴς τι to have reference to a thing, Plat.
11. to bring back, restore, recover, Thuc.:—Pass. to recover oneself, come to oneself, Hdt.:—so also intr. in Act. to come to oneself, recover, id=Plat., etc.
12. to return, yield, as revenue, Xen.
13. to recall a likeness, Plut.
1. to make to give light, make to blaze up, ξύλα Od.
2. to bring to light, shew forth, display, Hom., attic; ἀν. μελέων νόμους Ar.
3. to proclaim, declare, βαςιλέα ἀν. τινά Pind.; ἀν. πόλιν to proclaim it victor in the games, id=Pind.:—c. inf., ἀναφανῶ ςε τόδε ὀνομάζειν I proclaim that they call thee by this name, i. e. order that thou be so named, Eur.
4. of things, to appoint, νόμους Ar.
5. ἀναφάναντες τὴν Κύπρον having opened, come in sight of, Cyprus, NTest.
6. Pass., with fut. mid. ἀναφανήςομαι or -φανοῦμαι : perf. ἀναπέφαμμαι, or in mid. form -πέφηνα:— to be shewn forth, come to light or into sight, appear plainly, Hom., etc.
7. to reappear, Hdt.
8. ἀναφανῆναι μούναρχος to be declared king, id=Hdt.; ἀναφαίνεςθαι ςεςωςμένος to be plainly in safety, Xen.
1. to make to recoil, force back, only 3rd pl. poet. aor1 ἀνέχαςςαν, Pind.
2. Mid: to draw back, retire, Hom.; ἐπὶ πόδα ἀναχάζεςθαι to retire slowly, of soldiers, Xen. (who also uses Act. in same sense).
1. to go back, Hom.: esp. to retire or withdraw from battle, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. to retire from a place, c. gen., Od.
3. to come back or revert to the rightful owner, ἐς τὸν παῖδα Hdt.
4. . to withdraw from the world, Ar., Plat.
1. to cool, to revive by fresh air, to refresh, Hom., Eur.:—Pass. to be revived, refreshed, Il.
2. ναῦς ἀν. to let the ships rest and get dry, relieve them, Hdt., Xen.; so, ἀν. τὸν ἱδρῶτα to let it dry off, Plut.
3. metaph. c. gen., ἀν. πόνων τινα to give him relief from toil, Eur.
4. intr. in Act. to recover oneself, revive, Anth., Babr.
1. the spoils of a slain enemy, Il.
1. one taken in war and sold as a slave, a captive, Il., Hdt., attic
2. generally, a slave, a slavish low fellow, Plat., Xen.
1. man-slaying, Il.
1. slaughter of men in battle, Il., Aesch.
1. man-slaying, Il.
2. of women, murdering husbands, Pind.
3. as law-term, one convicted of manslaughter, a homicide, Plat., Dem.
1. wrought by men's hands, Il.
1. of man or men, human, κρέα Hom.; ψωμοὶ ἀνδρ. goblets of man's flesh, Od.
1. manliness, manhood, courage, = a)ndrei/a: cf. ἁδροτής.
1. to keep back, restrain, Hom., Xen.
1. to wake up, rouse, ἐξ ὕπνου, ἐκ λεχέων Hom.:—Pass., Eur., Xen.
2. metaph. to wake up, raise, Pind.
3. metaph. also to rouse, encourage, Od.
4. of buildings, to raise, Anth.
1. bearable, sufferable, tolerable, mostly with a negat., Il., attic
2. without a negat. that can be endured, Od., Thuc.
3. adv. -tws, Hom.; οὐκ ἀνεκτῶς ἔχει it is not to be borne, Xen.
1. sheltering from the wind, Il.
1. fed by the wind, of a wave, Il.; ἔγχος ἀνεμ. a spear from a tree reared by the wind, i. e. made tough by battling with the wind, id=Il.
1. windy: metaph., ἀνεμώλια βάζειν to talk words of wind, Hom.; οἱ δ̆ αὖτ̆ ἀνεμώλιοι are like the winds, i. e. good for naught, Il.; τί νυ τόξον ἔχεις ἀνεμώλιον; why bear thy bow in vain? id=Il.; ἀνεμώλιος empty fool! Anth.
1. Dep., only used in aor1, to snatch up and carry off, ἀνηρείψαντο Hom.; ἀνερειψαμένη Hes.
1. a first-cousin, cousin, Il., Hdt., attic
2. a nephew, Hdt.
1. to be unwilling to hear, to disobey, c. gen., Il., Aesch., Thuc.; c. dat., Hdt.; absol., id=Hdt.
1. to set against, Ar., Thuc.: to set up in opposition, Thuc.
2. to match with, compare, Plut.
3. Pass., with intr. aor2 act. ἀντέςτην, perf. ἀνθέςτηκα, attic contr. part. ἀνθεςτώς: fut. mid. ἀντιςτήςομαι, aor1 ἀντεςτηςάμην and pass. ἀντεςτάθην [α]:— to stand against, esp. in battle, to withstand, oppose, τινι Il., Hdt., attic; also, πρός τινα Thuc., etc.: rarely c. gen., φρενῶν ἀνθίςταται (al. ἀνθάπτεται) Aesch.
4. absol. to make a stand, Il., Hdt.
1. flowery, of meadows, Il.
2. of works in metal, bright, burnished, or wrought with flowers, Hom.; of tapestry, flowered, Anth.
1. the chin or part on which the beard grew, Lat. mentum, Il.
1. a heap of charcoal, hot embers, Il.; ἀνθρακιᾶς ἄπο hot from the embers, Eur.
2. black sooty ashes, Anth.
1. to grieve, distress, c. acc. pers., Hom.
2. intr. to be grieved or distressed, feel grief, id=Hom.; c. dat. at or for a thing, Il.
1. Like ἀνιάζω, to grieve, distress, c. acc., Od., etc.; c. dupl. acc., ὁ δρῶν ς̆ ἀνιᾶι τὰς φρένας Soph.:—Pass. to be grieved, distressed, Od., etc.; with neut. adj., τοῦτ̆ ἀνιῶμαι I am vexed at this, Soph.; aor1 part. as adj., a sorrowful man, Hom.
1. without sweat: metaph. without toil, Il.: lazily, slowly, Xen.
1. with unwashen feet, Il.
1. to trace back, as a hound, Il.: generally, to trace out, Plut.
1. to open doors, etc., ἀναοίγεςκον κληῖδα they tried to put back the bolt so as to open the door, Il.; πύλας, θύραν ἀν., Aesch., Ar.
2. to undo, open, πῶμ̆ ἀνέωιγε took off the cover and opened it, Il.; metaph., ἀνοίξαντι κληῖδα φρενῶν Eur.; ἀν. οἶνον to tap it, Theocr.
3. to lay open, unfold, disclose, Soph.
4. as nautical term, absol. to get into the open sea, get clear of land, Xen.
5. Pass. to be open, stand open, of doors, Hdt., Plat.; κόλποι δ̆ ἀλλήλων ἀνοιγόμενοι opening one into another, Plut.
1. to start up, leap up, Hom.; of the sun, ἀνόρουςεν οὐρανὸν ἐς went swiftly up the sky, Od.; ἀνορούςαις (doric part. aor1) Pind.
1. without wound, Il.
1. unwounded by sword, Il.
1. worth just as much as, c. gen., Il., Hdt., attic
2. absol. worth as much, worth no less, Il.
1. c. dat. pers. to come opposite to, meet face to face, meet with, Il., Trag.
2. c. gen., either
3. gen. pers. to meet in battle, Hom.; or
4. gen. rei, to take part in, partake in or of, id=Hom.; ὅπως ἤντηςας ὀπωπῆς how thou hast sped in getting sight of him, Od.; so, ἀντ. ξεινίων Hdt.; κακῶν Soph.; so, ἄνταςεἘρεχθειδᾶν partook of their blood, id=Soph.
1. over against, opposite. c. gen.
2. c. gen. orig.:— sense over against, opposite.
3. Usage,
4. of Place, instead, in the place of, Hom., etc.
5. as good as, equal to, ἀντὶ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐςτίν he is as good as many men, Il.; ἀντὶ καςιγνήτου Od.
6. at the price of, for, ἀντὶ χρημάτων for money paid, Hdt., etc.
7. for the sake of, Soph.
8. to mark comparison, ἓν ἀνθ̆ ἑνός one set against the other, compared with it, Plat.: so, after Comparatives, πλέον ἀντὶ ςοῦ Soph.; also (esp. after a negative), ἄλλος ἀντ̆ ἐμοῦ Aesch.
9. Position: ἀντί rarely follows its case, and then does not suffer anastrophe.
10. IN COMPOS.,
11. over against, opposite, as ἀντίπορος.
12. against, in opposition to, as ἀντιλέγω.
13. in return, as ἀντιβοηθέω.
14. instead, as ἀντήνωρ.
15. equal to, like, as ἀντίθεος.
16. counter, as ἀντίτυπος.
1. opposing force to force, ἀντιβίοις ἐπέεςςι with wrangling words, Hom.:—neut. as adv. = a)ntibi/hn, Il.
1. equal to the gods, godlike, Hom.
1. set against, and so
2. in local sense, face to face, opposite, esp. in battle, Hom., etc.; ἀντίος ἦλθε went to meet him, Il.; c. gen., Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀντίος id=Il.; usually c. dat., Od., Hdt., attic
3. opposite, contrary, Aesch., Eur.: οἱ ἀντίοι ͂ οἱ ἐναντίοι, Pind., Hdt.: ἐκ τῆς ἀντίης contrariwise, Hdt.
4. as adv. in neut. ἀντία and ἀντίον, against, straight at, right against, ἀντίον ἷζεν Od., etc.; c. gen., ἀντί̆ ἐμεῖο Il.; so, ἀντία ςευ in thy presence, Hdt.; ἀντία τῆς ἵππου opposite it, id=Hdt.
5. against, ἀντίον τινος εἰπεῖν Od.; c. dat., ἀντία τοῖς Πέρςηιςι Hdt.
6. τὸν δ̆ ἀντίον ηὔδα ͂ ἠμείβετο, answered, Od., attic
1. to meet face to face,
2. c. acc. pers. to encounter, whether as friend or foe, Hdt., Aesch.: absol. to meet, answer, Pind.
3. to approach as suppliants, to entreat, supplicate, Hdt., Soph.
4. c. dat. pers. to meet in fight, Pind.
1. fem. adj. a match for men, of the Amazons, Il.
2. ςτάςις ἀντιάνειρα faction wherein man is set against man, Pind.
1. to go for the purpose of meeting:
2. c. gen. rei, to go in quest of, Hom.; of an arrow, to hit, Il.; of the gods, to come (as it were) to meet an offering, to accept it, or to partake of it, Hom.; then, generally, to partake of, enjoy, obtain, Od., Soph.; so in Mid., Il.
3. c. gen. pers. to match or measure oneself with, id=Il., Theogn.
4. c. dat. pers. to meet with, encounter, Hom.
5. c. acc. rei, to come to, visit, share, ἐμὸν λέχος ἀντιόωςα Il.
1. against, face to face, Il.
1. to meet by chance, esp. in battle, c. dat. pers. or absol., Hom.
2. c. dat. rei, to be present at, φόνωι ἀνδρῶν, τάφωι ἀνδρῶν Od.
3. c. gen. rei, to partake of, have one's share of, μάχης Il.; τάφου Od.
4. to fall to one's lot, c. gen. pers., γάμος ἀντιβολήςει ἐμέθεν id=Od.
5. c. acc. pers. to meet as a suppliant, entreat, supplicate, Ar.; c. acc. et inf., id=Ar.:—absol. to supplicate, entreat, id=Ar.
1. = a)/nthn, over against, right opposite, c. dat., θεοῖς ἀντικρὺ μάχεςθαι Il.; c. gen., Ἕκτορος ἀντικρύ id=Il.
2. = a)/ntikrus, straight on, right on, Hom.; followed by a prep., ἀντικρὺ ἀν̆ ὀδόντας, ἀντικρὺ δῐ ὤμου id=Hom.; ἀντικρὺ κατὰ μέςςον right in the middle, Il.
3. outright, utterly, ἀντικρὺ δ̆ ἀπόφημι id=Il.
1. lying over against: ἀντιπέραια the lands just opposite, Il.
1. to bore right through, c. gen., Il.; c. acc. to break open, id=Il.
1. to set against, τι ἐπί τινι Anth.:—Dep or Pass. to set oneself against, fight against, Hom.
1. to set oneself against, measure oneself with, τινί Il., Ar.; παρά τινα Pind.
1. to effect, achieve, accomplish, complete, Lat. conficere, c. acc. rei, Hom., etc.; absol., οὐδὲν ἤνυε he did no good, Hdt.; c. acc. et inf. to bring to pass that . . , Soph.:—Mid. to accomplish for one's own advantage, Od., Plat., etc.
2. to make an end of, destroy, Hom., etc.
3. to finish a journey, ὅςςον νηῦς ἤνυςεν much as a ship can do, Od.; so, ἀν. θαλάςςης ὕδωρ to make its way over the sea water, id=Od.
4. in attic absol. to make one's way, πρὸς πόλιν Soph.; ἐπὶ ἀκτάν Eur.; also, θάλαμον ἀνύτειν to reach the bridal chamber, Soph.; with inf., ἤνυςε περᾶν succeeded in crossing, Aesch.; and with an adj., εἶναι being omitted, εὐδαίμων ἀνύςει will come to be happy, Soph.
5. Pass. of Time, to come to an end, Theocr.
6. in Pass. also of persons, to grow up, Aesch.
7. to get, procure, φορβάν Soph., etc.
8. with a partic., οὐκ ἀνύω φθονέουςα I gain nothing by gruding, Il.
9. to do quickly, make haste, Ar.; then, like φθάνω, ἄνυε πράττων make haste about it, id=Ar.; ἄνυςον ὑποδηςάμενος make haste and get your shoes on, id=Ar.; also ἀνύςας with an imperat., ἄνοιγ̆, ἄνοιγ̆ ἀνύςας make haste and open the door, id=Ar.; ἀνύςας τρέχε, λέγ̆ ἀνύςας id=Ar., etc.
1. unlooked for, unexpected, Il., Mosch.
1. an axe-head, Il.: battle-axe. id=Il.: generally, an axe, Xen., NTest.
1. sung of, famous in song, Hdt.: in bad sense, notorious, infamous, Il.
1. song, a singing, whether the art of song, Hom.; or the act of singing, song, Il.
2. the thing sung, a song, Hom., etc.
3. the subject of song, Od.
1. a singer, minstrel, bard, Lat. vates, Hom., Hdt.; c. gen., χρηςμῶν ἀοιδός Eur.; of the cock, Theocr.
2. as fem. songstress, of the nightingale, Hes.; of the Sphinx, Soph.
3. an enchanter, Lat. incantator, id=Soph.
4. as adj. tuneful, musical, ὄρνις ἀοιδοτάτα Eur.
1. all together, in throngs, shoals or crowds, Hom., Soph., etc.
1. to gather together, Il.:—Pass. to come together, assemble, id=Il
2. of things, to gather together, heap up, Anth.
1. a strap to hang anything to, a sword-belt, Hom.: a knapsack-strap, Od.
1. an assistant, helper, aider, Hom.
1. to lead away, carry off, Od., Trag.:— Mid. to take away for or with oneself, Hdt., Trag.:— Pass., ἐς ὀξὺ ἀπηγμένος brought to a point, tapering off, Hdt.
2. intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν) to retire, withdraw, march away, id=Hdt., Xen.; cf. ἄπαγε.
3. to bring back, bring home, Hom., attic
4. to return what one owes, render, pay, τὸν φόρον Ar., Thuc.
5. to arrest and carry off, παρά τινα Hdt.:—esp. as attic lawterm, to bring before a magistrate and accuse, Dem.:— then, to carry off to prison, Plat., etc.
6. to lead away from the subject, id=Plat., etc.
1. to ward off something from one, τί τινος Hom.; epic inf. ἀπαλαλκέμεν, Theocr.
1. without hands, helpless, good for naught, Il.
2. impracticable, reckless, lawless, ἔρδειν ἔργ̆ ἀπάλαμνα Solon.; ἀπάλαμνόν τι πάςχειν Eur.
1. afar off, far away, Il.
2. prep. c. gen. far away from, aloof from, τῶν ἄλλων θεῶν id=Il.; ἀπ. θεῶν without their knowledge, id=Il.
3. out from, issuing from, id=Il.
1. apart, aloof, Il.
2. prep. c. gen. far away from, ὁμίλου id=Il.
1. a trick, fraud, deceit, Il.: a stratagem, Thuc.: in pl. wiles, Hom.
2. guile, fraud, deceit, treachery, Hdt., attic
1. immeasurable, Hom.: neut. as adv. immeasurably far, Il.
1. to go away, depart from, c. gen., Hom., attic; ἀπό or ἐκ τόπου Thuc.
2. when used with εἰς, departure from one place and arrival at another is implied, ἀπ. ἐς Σάρδις Hdt., etc.
3. absol. to depart, id=Hdt., Thuc., etc.: to depart from life, Anth.
1. to be hated, incur hatred
1. to keep off or away from, τινά or τί τινος Il.: absol. to keep off, Eur.
2. to keep apart, part, κληῖδες ἀπ̆ ὤμων αὐχέν̆ ἔχουςιν the collar-bones part the neck from the shoulders, Il.
3. Mid., ἀπὸ χεῖρας ἔχεςθαί τινος (in tmesi) to hold one's hands off or away from, Od.: also, ἀπέχεςθαί τινος to hold oneself off a thing, abstain or desist from it, Hom., Hdt., etc.
4. c. inf., ἀπέχεςθαι ποιεῖν or μὴ ποιεῖν τι to abstain from doing a thing, Thuc., etc.
5. intr. in Act. to be away or far from, c. gen. loci, id=Thuc.; also, ἀπ. ἀπὸ Βαβυλῶνος, etc., Hdt.: absol. to be distant, Xen.
6. of actions, to be far from, ἀπεῖχον τῆς ἐξευρέςιος were far from the discovery, Hdt.; πλεῖςτον ἀπ. τοῦ ποιεῖν to be as far as possible from doing, Xen.
7. to have or receive in full, τὸν μιςθόν NTest., Plut.
8. impers., ἀπέχει it sufficeth, it is enough, NTest.
1. unharmed, unhurt, of persons, Hom.; νόςτος ἀπ. a safe, prosperous return, Od.: c. gen., ἀπήμων οἰζύος free from distress, Aesch.
2. act. doing no harm, harmless, and so kindly, propitious, of a fair wind, of sleep, Hom.; c. gen., νεῶν ἀπ. free from harm to them, Eur.
1. a four-wheeled wagon, Hom.: any car or chariot, Aesch., Soph.:—metaph., ναί̈α ἀπ. a ship, Eur.; τετραβάμων ἀπήνη, of the Trojan horse, id=Eur.
2. metaph. also, like ζεῦγος, a pair, e. g. of brothers, id=Eur.
1. to take away, withdraw, τί τινος Od.: to pluck off, Mosch.
1. to lift off, carry off, take away, to remove from, τί τινος Eur.: absol., Hdt.
2. to lead away a sea or land force, id=Hdt.:—intr. (sub. ναῦς, ςτρατόν, etc.), to sail or march away, depart, id=Hdt., attic; c. gen., ἀπαίρειν χθονός to depart from the land, Eur.: c. acc. cogn., ἀπ. πρεςβείαν to set out on an embassy, Dem.
1. of a messenger, to bring tidings, report, announce, τί τινι Il., Hdt., etc.; τι πρός τινα Aesch., etc.; ἀπ. τι οἴκαδε to carry a report home, Plat.:—absol., πάλιν ἀπ. to bring back tidings, report in answer, Od.:—Pass., ἐξ ὧν ἀπηγγέλλετο as he was reported, Dem.; c. part., ἀπηγγέλθη ἐκκεκλεμμένος was reported to have been stolen away, Hdt.
2. of a speaker or writer, to relate, narrate, id=Hdt., attic
1. poet. for ἀπαίρω, to depart, Eur.:—Mid. to depart from, c. gen., Il.
1. to ward something off from a person, τί τινος Il.
2. reversely to keep a person from suffering something, τινά τινος Od.
3. Mid. to defend oneself, ἀπαλέξαςθαί [τι] Soph.
1. Dep to heal thoroughly, Il.
1. to thresh out, ςῖτος ἀπηλοημένος (perf. pass. part.) Dem.:—metaph. to bruise, crush, Il.
1. to reply, answer, Hom.
1. to keep off, ward off, τί τινι something for (i. e. from) another, Il.; τί τινος Luc.: c. acc. to ward off, κακά Hdt.; ἀπ. τὸν βάρβαρον to repulse him, id=Hdt.
2. Mid. to keep off from oneself, to drive back, repel, τινά Od., Hdt.
3. absol. to defend or protect oneself, Hom.
1. to disown, reject, Hom., Aesch.
1. to strike off, cut off, Il., Hdt.: to sweep off from the deck of a ship, ἀπὸ τῆς νηός Hdt.; ἀπὸ τοῦ καταςτρώματος Thuc.
1. to be disagreeable to, τινί Thuc.
2. Mid. to shew displeasure, Il.
1. to cheat, trick, outwit, beguile, Hom., etc.: Pass. to be deceived, Soph.; ἀπατᾶςθαι, ὡς . . , to be deceived into thinking that . . , Plat.
1. guileful, wily, ἀπατήλια εἰδώς skilled in wiles, Od.; ἀπ. βάζειν id=Od.
1. to dishonour greatly, Il.
1. to take away or wrest from, rob of, c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, ἄμφω θυμὸν ἀπηύρα Il.; τοὺς μὲν τεύχε̆ ἀπηύρα id=Il.
2. c. gen. pers., κούρην Ἀχιλῆος ἀπούρας id=Il.
3. c. dat. pers., πολέςςιν θυμὸν ἀπηύρα id=Il.
4. Mid., ἀπουράμενοι ψυχάς having lost their lives, Hes.
5. to receive good or ill, to enjoy or suffer, id=Hes., Eur. Cf. ἐπαυρίςκομαι.
1. to keep away, keep off from, τινά τινος Il.; ῥάκεα ἀποέργαθε οὐλῆς pushed back the rags from the scar, Od.; μή ςε τῆςδε γῆς ἀπειργαθῇ Soph.
1. to keep away from, debar from, τινά τινος Hom., attic; τινὰ ἀπό τινος Hdt.
2. to keep from doing, prevent, hinder, c. acc. et inf., ἀπ. τινὰ ποιεῖν or μὴ ποιεῖν τι Soph., Eur.
3. c. acc. to keep back, keep off, ward off, Od., Soph., etc.; absol., ἀλλ̆ ἀπείργοι θεός heaven forfend! Soph.: νόμος οὐδεὶς ἀπ. no law debars, Thuc.: of the Nile, ἀπεργμένος barred or shut off from its old channel, Hdt.
4. to part, divide, separate, κληὶ̈ς ἀποέργει αὐχένα τε ςτῆθός τε Il.:—and so to bound, Hdt.
5. of persons travelling, ἐν ἀριςτερῆι ἀπέργων ῥοίτειον keeping Rhoeteium on the left, id=Hdt.
6. to shut up, confine, id=Hdt.
1. Act., without making trial of a thing, without making an attempt upon, c. gen., Il.
2. without trial or experience of a thing, Hhymn., Pind. : —absol. inexperienced, Od.
3. pass. untried, unattempted, Il., Hdt., Dem.
1. = a)/peiros2 1, boundless, endless, countless, Hom.
2. = a)/peiros2 2, without end, inextricable, δεςμοί Od.
1. to hold out either in the way of promise or threat:
2. in good sense, to promise, ἠπείληςεν ἄνακτι ῥέξειν ἑκατόμβην Il.; ἠπείληςας εἶναι ἀρίςτους didst profess that they were best, Od.
3. commonly in bad sense, to threaten, Lat. minari, absol. or c. dat. pers., Hom., etc.; c. acc. cogn., ἠπείληςεν μῦθον spake a threatening speech, Il.:—also in Mid., NTest.
4. c. acc. of the thing threatened, θάνατον ἀπ. τινι Hdt.
5. dependent clauses added in inf. fut., γέρας ἀφαιρήςεςθαι ἀπειλεῖς Il., etc.; attic also in inf. aor.:—also ἀπ. ὅτι . . , ὡς . . , attic
6. Pass. ἀπειλοῦμαι, of persons, to be terrified by threats, Xen.
1. mostly in pl., boastful promises, boasts, Il.
2. in bad sense, threats, Hom., etc.:—in sg. a threat of punishment, Soph., Thuc.
1. a threatener, boaster, Il.
1. boundless, immense, countless, Hom., Od.
1. to spit up, vomit forth, Lat. evomere, Il.
1. ἀπερείςῐ ἄποιναcountless ransom.
1. to retire or withdraw from, πολέμου Il.
1. a thwarter, Il.
1. to keep off or away, c. acc., Hom.; c. acc. et gen. to keep away from, Theogn.; c. acc. et inf. to prevent one from doing, οὔτε ςε κωμάζειν ἀπερύκομεν id=Theogn.; also, ἀπ. τινί τι to keep off from, Hdt.; τι ἀπό τινος Xen.:—Mid., ἀπερύκου (sc. φωνῆς) abstain from speech, Soph.
1. to be hated, incur hatred, be roused to hatred, Od.; c. dat. pers. to be or become hateful to one, Il., Hdt.; ἀπ. πρός τινα to be hateful in his eyes, Eur.:—c. dat. rei, to be hated for a thing, Plat.
2. Dep., in causal sense, λόγοι ἀπεχθανόμενοι language that causes hatred, Xen.
1. to hate utterly, detest, τινά Il.
2. to make utterly hateful, τι Od.
1. to speak out, tell out, declare, μῦθον, etc., Hom.; ῥῆςιν Hdt.
2. to deny, refuse, Il., Plat.
3. to forbid, ἀπ. τινι μὴ ποιεῖν to forbid one to do, tell him not to do, Hdt., attic:—Pass., ἀπείρηταί τινι ποιεῖν τι it is forbidden him to do, Hdt.; τὸ ἀπειρημένον a forbidden thing, id=Hdt.
4. to renounce, disown, give up, μῆνιν Il.; τὴν ςυμμαχίην Hdt.; ἀπ. τὴν ςτρατηγίαν to resign it, Xen.:—Pass., αἱ ςπονδαὶ οὐκ ἀπείρηντο had not been renounced, Thuc.:—so in Mid., ἀπείπαςθαι ὄψιν to avert a vision (by sacrifice), Hdt.
5. intr. to give up, to be worn out, fail, sink from exhaustion, Soph., etc.; ἀπεῖπεν φάτις the word failed, was unfulfilled, Aesch.:—c. dat. pers. to fail or be wanting to one, οὐκ ἀπειρηκὼς φίλοις Eur.:—c. dat. rei, ἀπειρηκότων χρήμαςι, i. e. when they were bankrupt, Dem.; also, ἀπ. κακοῖς, ἄλγει to give way to, sink under them, Eur.; φέροντες ἀπεροῦςιν they will be tired of paying, Thuc., Plat.
1. without caring for anything, reckless of consequences, bluntly, μῦθον ἀπηλεγέως ἀποειπεῖν Hom.
1. ungentle, harsh, rough, hard, of persons, Hom.
1. οὐκ ἀπίθηςει μύθωι he disobeyed not the words, Il.
1. only in pres. to lack understanding, be senseless, Hom.
1. to be gone away, to be far from, c. gen., Il., attic
2. absol. to be gone, to have departed, to be absent, Od.: hence, to be gone, to have perished, ἀποίχεται χάρις Eur.: of persons, to be dead and gone, Pind., Ar.
1. to step off from a place, to alight or disembark from a ship, Hom., etc.; absol. to disembark, Hdt., Thuc., etc.:— to dismount from a chariot, ἵππων or ἐξ ἵππων Il.
2. to go away, depart, id=Il., attic;—c. gen., ἀπ. πεδίων Eur.; of hopes, to come to naught, id=Eur.
3. of events, to issue or result from, τὰ ἔμελλε ἀποβήςεςθαι ἀπὸ τῆς μάχης Hdt.; τὸ ἀποβαῖνον, contr. τἀποβαῖνον, the issue, event, and τὰ ἀποβαίνοντα, τὰ ἀποβάντα the results, id=Hdt., Thuc.; τὰ ἀποβηςόμενα the probable results, Thuc.
4. to turn out so and so, παρὰ δόξαν Hdt.; τοιόνδε Eur.; ὡς προςεδέχετο Thuc.:—absol. to turn out well, succeed, id=Thuc.
5. of persons, to end by being, ἀπ. κοινοί to prove impartial, id=Thuc.; so, ἐς ἀλαθινὸν ἄνδρ̆ ἀπ. Theocr.; ἀπέβη ἐς μουναρχίην things ended in a monarchy, Hdt.
6. Causal in aor1 ἀπέβηςα, to make to dismount, disembark, land, (in which sense ἀποβιβάζω serves as pres.), ἀπ. ςτρατιήν Hdt.
1. to spirt out, c. gen. partit., ἀπ.οἴνου to spirt out some wine, Il.
1. to deprive one of the use of his limbs, to enfeeble, μή μ̆ ἀπογυιώςηις Il.
1. to accept from another, to accept, Il., attic
2. to accept as a teacher, follow, Xen.
3. to admit to one's presence, Plat.
4. to receive favourably, approve, allow, accept, admit, Thuc., etc.; οὐκ ἀπ. not to accept, reject, Hdt.:—the person from whom one accepts in gen., ἀπ. τί τινος Thuc., etc.; but acc. being omitted, gen. pers. becomes dependent on the Verb, with a partic. added, ἀπ. τινὸς λέγοντος to accept [a statement] from him, i. e. to accept his statements, Plat.: —absol. to accept a statement, be satisfied, Dem.
5. to take a thing in a certain way, with an adv., Xen.; ὑπόπτως ἀπ. τι Thuc.; δυςχερῶς Plat.
6. to receive back, recover, Hdt., Thuc.
1. to give up or back, restore, return, τί τινι Hom., attic: esp. to render what is due, to pay, as debts, penalties, submission, Il.; ἀπ. τινὶ λώβην to give him back his insult, i. e. make atonement for it, id=Il.; ἀπ. ἀμοιβήν τινι Theogn., etc.
2. to return, render, yield, of land, ἐπὶ διηκόςια ἀποδοῦναι (sc. καρπόν) to yield fruit two hundred-fold, Hdt.
3. c. inf. to suffer or allow a person to do a thing, ἀπ. τιςὶ αὐτονομεῖςθαι Thuc., etc.:—so in Pass., ὁ λόγος ἀπεδόθη αὐτοῖς right of speech was allowed them, Aeschin.
4. to render so and so, ἀπ. τὴν τέρψιν βεβαιοτέραν Isocr.
5. to deliver over, give up, as a slave, Eur.; ἀπ. ἐπιςτολήν to deliver a letter, Thuc.
6. λόγον ἀπ. to render or give in an account, Lat. rationes referre, Dem.: to give an account of a thing, Eur.
7. ἀπ. ὅρκον, v. o(/rkos.
8. intr. to increase, much like ἐπιδίδωμι III, ἢν ἡ χώρη ἐπιδιδῶι ἐς ὕψος καὶ ἀποδιδῶι ἐς αὔξηςιν Hdt.;—unless here it means the contrary, if the land increase in height and decrease in productiveness.
9. Mid. to give away of one's own will, to sell, Hdt., attic; ἀπ. τι ἐς Ἑλλάδα to take to Greece and sell it there, Hdt.; ἀπ. τοῦ εὑρίςκοντος to sell for what it will fetch, Aeschin.: at Athens, to farm out the public taxes, Dem.
1. to portion out to others, to apportion, τί τινι Il.
2. to part off, separate, Hdt.
1. to slaughter by cutting off the head or cutting the throat, Hom.
1. to tear off the skin, lacerate, Hom.:—Pass., of the skin, to be torn off, Od.
1. to strip off clothes or armour, Il.:—Pass., fut. -δυθήςομαι: aor1 -εδύθην [υ]: perf. -δέδυμαι.
2. to strip a person of clothes, ἀπέδυςε τὰς γυναῖκας Hdt., etc.:—Pass. to be stripped of one's clothes, Ar.
3. Mid., fut. -δύςομαι [υ_]: aor1 -εδυςάμην; also intr. aor2 act. ἀπέδυν, perf. ἀποδέδυ_κα:— to strip off oneself, take off, εἵματα Od.:—absol., ἀποδυςάμενος having stripped, id=Ar.; ἀποδύντες stripped naked, Thuc.; ἀποδύεςθαι εἴς or πρός τι to strip for gymnastic exercises, Plut.:—metaph., ἀποδύντες ἐπίωμεν let us strip and attack, Ar.
4. ἀποδύνω
5. to strip off, βοείην Od.
1. to withdraw from the path, c. gen., Il.
1. to die off, die, Hom., attic:— to be ready to die of laughter, Ar.
2. serving as Pass. of ἀποκτείνω, to be put to death, to be slain, ὑπό τινος Hdt., Plat.
1. to leap off from, νηός Il.; ἀφ̆ ἵππου, ἀπὸ νεός Hdt.
2. to leap up from, rise from, καπνὸν ἀποθρώςκοντα γαίης Od.:—absol. to rise sheer up, of rocks, Hes.
1. not according to the mind, unpleasant, hateful, ἀποθύμια ἔρδειν τινί to do one a disfavour, Il.; ἀποθύμιόν τι ποιῆςαι Hdt.
1. to clip or cut off hair, mostly in Mid., ἀπεκείρατο χαίτην cut off his hair, Il.; ἀποκείραςθαι τὰς κεφαλάς to have their hair shorn close, Hdt.; and absol., ἀποκείραςθαι to cut off one's hair, Ar.:—Pass., perf. part. ἀποκεκαρμένος with one's hair cut short, id=Hdt.
2. metaph. to cheat, τοὺς παχεῖς Luc.
3. generally, to cut through, sever, Il.
4. to cut off, slay, Aesch.
1. to put away care, be careless, Il.
1. to remove or put away from, c. gen., Hom.
1. to separate, set apart, Plat.:— Pass., ἀποκρινθέντε parted from the throng, of two heroes coming forward as champions, Il.; ἀποκεκρίςθαι εἰς ἓν ὄνομα to be separated and brought under one name, Thuc.
2. to mark by a distinctive form, distinguish , Hdt.; perf. pass. part. ἀποκεκριμένος distinct, Plat.
3. to choose out, choose, Hdt., Plat.
4. Mid. ἀποκρίνομαι, fut. -κρινοῦμαι: perf. -κέκριμαι both in mid. and pass. sense:— to give answer to, reply, Eur., etc.; ἀπ πρός τινα or πρός τι to reply to a questioner or question, Thuc., etc.:—c. acc., ἀποκρίνεςθαι τὸ ἐρωτηθέν to answer the question, id=Thuc.: so in Pass., τοῦτό μοι ἀποκεκρίςθω let this be my answer, Plat.
5. to answer charges, defend oneself, Ar.
6. aor1 pass. ἀπεκρίθη, ͂ ἀπεκρίνατο, he answered, first in NTest.
1. to let hang down, Il.; χορδὰν πλῆκτρον ἀπεκρέμαςε the plectrum broke the string so that it hung down, Anth.
2. to hang up, suspend, Hdt.
1. to hide from, keep hidden from, c. acc. et gen., θανάτοιο ἀπ. τινα Il.; c. dupl. acc., like Lat. celare aliquem aliquid, to keep back from one, Hdt.; so in Mid., ἀποκρύπτεςθαί τινά τι Xen., etc.
2. to hide from sight, keep hidden, conceal, Od., attic:—Mid., ἀποκρύπτεςθαι μὴ ποιεῖν τι to conceal one's doing, Thuc.
3. to obscure, throw into the shade, Plat.
4. ἀπ. γῆν to lose from sight, of ships running out to sea, like Virgil's Phaeacum abscondimus arces, id=Plat., Luc.
1. to kill, slay, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. of judges, to condemn to death, Plat., Xen., etc.
3. metaph., like Lat. enecare, to weary to death, Eur.
1. to cut off, hew off, of men's limbs, Il., Hdt.; also, ἀπέκοψε παρήορον he cut loose the tracehorse, Il.:—Pass., ἀποκοπῆναι τὴν χεῖρα to have it cut off, Hdt.
2. ἀπ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τόπου to beat off from a strong place, Xen.
3. Mid. to smite the breast in mourning: c. acc. to mourn for, νεκρόν Eur.
1. to shine or beam from a thing, of light, Il.; so in Mid., χάρις ἀπελάμπετο grace beamed from her, Hom.
1. to peel off, flay, Eur., Ar.
1. to leave off, desist from a thing, c. gen., Il., Plat.
2. c. part. to leave off doing, Hom.:—absol. to cease, desist, id=Plat.
1. to leave over or behind, of meats not wholly eaten, Od.:—Mid. to leave behind one, after death, Hdt.
2. to leave hold of, lose, βίον Soph.; also, βίοτος ἀπολείπει τινά id=Soph.
3. to leave behind, as in the race, to distance, and generally to surpass, Xen.; v. infr.
4. to leave quite, forsake, abandon, of places one ought to defend, Il., Hdt., etc.: to leave one in the lurch, Hdt., Ar.
5. of things, to leave alone, leave undone or unsaid, Hdt., attic
6. to leave open, leave a space, Hdt., Xen.
7. intr. to fail, to be wanting, Od.; of rivers, to fall, sink, Hdt.; of flowers, to begin to wither, Xen.;—also, like ἀπειπεῖν, to fail, flag, lose heart, Hdt., Xen.
8. to be wanting of or in a thing, c. gen., Thuc.; of measures, ἀπὸ τεςςέρων πήχεων ἀπ. τρεῖς δακτύλους wanting 3 fingers of 4 cubits, Hdt.: c. inf., ὀλίγον ἀπέλιπον ἀπικέςθαι wanted but little of coming, id=Hdt.
9. c. part. to leave off doing, Plat.
10. to depart from, ἐκ τῶν Συρακουςῶν Thuc., Plat.
11. Pass. to be left behind, stay behind, Thuc., Xen.
12. to be distanced by, inferior to, τινος Dem.
13. to be parted from, be absent or far from, c. gen., Hdt.: to be deprived of, τάφου Soph.; φρενῶν Eur.
14. to be wanting in, fall short of, παιδείας Dem.; ἀπολειφθεὶς ἡμῶν without our cognisance, id=Dem.; ἀπ. φρενῶν to be bereft of, Eur.
1. Dep. to lick off, αἷμα Il.
1. to wash dirt off oneself, cleanse oneself by bathing, Il.
1. to loose from, τί τινος Od.: to undo, id=Od.
2. to set free from, release or relieve from, τινὰ τῆς φρουρῆς, τῆς ἐπιμελείας Hdt., Xen.; τι ἀπό τινος Plat.:—Pass. to be set free from, Thuc.
3. in legal sense, ἄπ. τῆς αἰτίης to acquit of the charge, Hdt., Xen.:—c. inf., ἀπ. τινὰ μὴ φῶρα εἶναι to acquit one of being a thief, Hdt.: then absol. to acquit, Ar.
4. to let go free on receipt of ransom, hold to ransom, Il.:—Mid. to ransom, redeem, χρυςοῦ by payment of gold, id=Il.
5. to discharge or disband an army, Xen.:—generally, to dismiss, Ar.
6. to divorce a wife, NTest.
7. Mid. to redeem, v. supr. II.
8. to do away with charges against one, Lat. diluere, Thuc., Plat.:— absol., ἀπολυόμενος in defence, Hdt.
9. like Pass. (c. II), to depart, Soph.
10. Pass. to be released, let off, τῆς ςτρατηί̈ης from military service, Hdt.; τῆς ἀρχῆς ἀπολυθῆναι to be freed from their rule, Thuc.:—absol. to be acquitted, discharged, id=Thuc., Plat.
11. of combatants, to be separated, part, Thuc.
12. to depart, Soph.
1. to be very wroth, to perseverere in wrath, Hom.
1. Mid.:— to remember fully, χάριν ἀπ. to recognise, repay a favour, feel gratitude, Il., Thuc.
1. Dep. to dissuade, Il.
1. to wipe off or away from, τί τινος Il.:—Mid. to wipe off from oneself, id=Il.; ἀπομόρξατο δάκρυ wiped away his tears, Od.; absol. in same sense, ἀπομόρξαςθαι Ar.; and in Pass., τὴν ὀργὴν ἀπομορχθείς having my anger wiped off, id=Ar.
2. to wipe the face clean, Il.:—Mid., ἀπομόρξατο παρειάς she wiped her cheeks, Od.
1. Mid. to go away, depart, Hom.
1. wash off, ἀπονίψαντες βρότον ἐξ ὠτειλῶν Od.:—Mid. to wash off from oneself, ἱδρῶ ἀπενίζοντο θαλάςςηι Il.
2. to wash clean, properly of the hands and feet, ἀπονίζουςα as I was washing his feet, Od.; ὅταν ἀπονίζηι καὶ τὼ πόδ̆ ἀλείφηι Ar.:—Mid. to wash one's hands and feet, χεῖράς τε πόδας τε Od.: absol. to wash one's hands, Ar.; perf. pass. ἀπονενίμμεθα id=Ar.
1. to have the use or enjoyment of a thing, c. gen., Hom., Soph.; but the gen. is often omitted, ἦγε μὲν οὐδ̆ ἀπόνητο married her but had no joy [of it], Od.; οὐκ ἀπώνητο (sc. τῆς πόλεως) Hdt.
1. to remove, to send away, Il.:—Mid. to wend one's way back, ἀπενάςςατο Hom.
2. aor1 mid. in trans. sense, ἀπενάςςατο παῖδα sent away her child, Eur.; also, ἀποναςθῆναι, to be taken away, depart from a place, c. gen., id=Eur.
1. to return, come home, ἂψ ἀπονοςτήςας, Il.; ἀπ. ὀπίςω Hdt.
1. far apart or aloof, Hom.
2. prep. with gen. far away from, id=Hom.
1. to strip off as it were a skin, Il.
1. to send off or away, to dismiss, Hom., Hdt., etc.:—Mid. to send away from oneself, Hdt.; ἀπ. τὴν γυναῖκα to put away, divorce her, id=Hdt.: ἀπ. ὕδωρ to get rid of it, id=Hdt.
2. to send back, Od.
3. to dispatch, Hdt., Ar.
1. to fly off or away, Hom., Ar.
1. to fall off from, ἐκ or ἀπό τινος Od., Hdt.; τινός Hdt.; absol. to fall off, Il.
1. to look about one, as if to flee, ionic 3rd pl. fut. ἀποπαπτανέουςιν Il.
1. to stop or hinder from, make to cease from a thing, c. gen., πολέμου Il.; πένθεος Hdt., etc.: c. inf. to hinder from doing, Od.:—Mid. and Pass. to leave off or cease from, c. gen., Hom.; ἐκ καμάτων Soph.: absol. to leave off, Theogn.
2. c. acc. only, to stop, check, Il., Eur.
1. to lead astray from, τινός Apoll.:—Pass., to stray away from, ςῆς πατρίδος, Τροίηθεν Od.; ἀπὸ θώρηκος ἀποπλαγχθείς having glanced off from the breastplate, of an arrow, id=Od.; absol. τρυφάλεια ἀποπλαγχθεῖςα a helm struck off or falling from the head, id=Od.
1. to sail away, sail off, Il., Hdt., etc.
1. to breathe forth fire, etc., Hom.; θυμὸν ἀπ. to give up the ghost, Il.; ἀπ. τὴν δυςμένειαν to get rid of it, Plut.
2. to blow from a particular quarter, of winds, Hdt.
3. to smell of a thing, c. gen., Plut.
1. to spit out, Il.; ἀπ. ἄχνην to vomit forth foam, id=Il.; absol. to spit, Xen.
2. to abominate, loathe, spurn, Aesch., Eur.: aor1 ἀπέπτυςα, = Lat. omen absit, Eur.
1. to dart away, Hom.
1. to break off, snap asunder, Hom., etc.; πνεῦμ̆ ἀπορρῆξαι βίου to snap the thread of life, Aesch.; ἀπ. βίον Eur.
2. Pass., aor.2 to be broken off, severed, Hdt., Thuc.; ἀπό τινος Hdt.
3. intr. in perf. to be broken, Archil.
1. to throw away, put away, Il.
2. to cast forth from one's country, Aesch., Soph.; ἀπερριμμένοι outcasts, Dem.
3. to disown, renounce, Soph.
4. to throw aside, set at naught, Aesch.: Pass., ἀπέρριπται ἐς τὸ μηδέν Hdt.
5. of words, to shoot forth bold, keen words, ἔς τινα at one, id=Hdt.:— also, ἀπ. ἔπος to let fall a word, id=Hdt.
1. broken off, abrupt, sheer, precipitous, Lat. praeruptus, Od., Xen.
2. as fem. Subst. a piece broken off, Στυγὸς ἀπορρώξ a branch or off-stream of the Styx, Il.
3. ἀπ. νέκταρος an efflux, distillation of nectar, Od.
1. to chase away, Anth.:—Pass., with 3rd sg. epic aor2 ἀπέςςυτο, aor.1, to dart away, Il.
1. to be dispersed, Il.; of soldiers, ἀπ. ἔς τι to disperse for a purpose, Hdt.
1. to scatter abroad, disperse, Hom., Soph.:—Pass. to straggle from the ranks, of soldiers, Xen.
1. standing aloof, Hom.
1. to go away, to go home, Od., Hdt.; imperat. ἀπόςτιχε Il., Hdt.
1. to turn one back, i. e. either to turn to flight, put to flight, Hom.; or to turn him back from flight, Xen.; πόδας καὶ χεῖρας to twist back the hands and feet so as to bind them, Od.; so τὸν αὐχένα Hdt.:— to turn back, avert one's face, Od., Eur.: to bring back, recall, Xen.
2. to turn away, to divert the course of a river, Hdt.: to avert a danger, Aesch., Thuc.
3. intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν, ἵππον, ναῦν, etc.), to turn back, Hdt., Soph.
4. Pass., ἀπεςτράφθαι τοὺς ἐμβόλους, of ships, to have their beaks bent back, Hdt.; ἀποςτραφῆναι τὼ πόδε to have one's feet twisted, Ar.
5. to turn away from, in abhorrence, Lat. aversari, c. acc., Soph., Eur.; absol., ἀπεςτραμμένοι λόγοι hostile words, Hdt.
6. to turn oneself about, turn back, Xen.; to turn and flee, id=Xen.
7. ἀποςτραφῆναί τινος to fall off from one, desert him, id=Xen.
1. to drive away by force from, τινά τινος Il.
1. to lead astray, drive away, Od.; ἀπ. τινὰ πόνοιο to baulk them of the fruits of toil, Il.
2. Pass., aor2 ἀπεςφάλην [α], to be baulked or disappointed of a thing, c. gen., Hdt.: to be deprived of, Aesch.: to fail in reaching, Ἰταλίας Plut.: absol. to be missing or lost, Dem.
1. to cut off, sever, Il., Hdt., attic:—Pass., τὴν γλῶτταν ἀποτμηθείς having his tongue cut out, Aeschin.
2. to sever, divide, in a geographical sense, Hdt.:—Pass., of troops, to be cut off from the main body, Xen.
3. Mid. to cut off for oneself, Il.; c. gen. to cut off a bit of a thing, Hdt.
4. to cut off, so as to appropriate, βοῦς Hhymn., Hdt.; Φοινίκης ἀπ. to have a slice or portion of Phoenicia, Theocr.; ἀπ. τῶν Ἀθηναίων to cut off power from the Athenians, Thuc.
1. to put away, stow away, Il.
2. Mid. to put away from oneself, lay aside, of arms and clothes, id=Il., Hdt.; ἀπ. τὸν νόμον to put aside, i. e. disregard, the law, Thuc.
3. to avoid, escape, of something odious, Il.
4. to put by for oneself, stow away, Ar., Xen.
5. ἀποτίθεςθαι εἰς αὖθις to put off, defer Eur., Xen., etc.
1. to pay back, repay, return, τί τινι Il.
2. to pay for a thing, τι Hom., Aesch., etc.: absol. to make atonement, Il.
3. to pay in full, Hdt., attic
4. Mid. ἀποτίνομαι and ἀποτίνυμαι: fut. -τίςομαι:— to get paid one, to exact or require a penalty from a man, ποινήν Il.; δίκην Eur.
5. c. acc. pers., ἀποτίςαςθαί τινα to avenge oneself on another, punish him, Od., Xen.
6. c. acc. rei, to take vengeance for a thing, punish it, Od.; so, c. gen. rei, Hdt.:—absol. to take vengeance, Theogn.
1. epic for ἀποτέμνω, to cut off from, τινά τινος Il.
2. to cut off, sever, id=Il.; κλιτῦς ἀπ. to cut up or plough the hill-sides, id=Il.
1. to turn one away from a thing, c. gen., Il.:— to turn away, deter or dissuade from, Thuc.; also, c. inf., ἀπ. τινὰ ποιεῖν τι Aesch., Dem.
2. c. acc. pers. only, to turn away, turn back, Il.
3. c. acc. rei, to turn aside, avert, prevent, Hdt., Plat.; cf. ἀποτρόπαιος, ἀπότροπος.
4. to turn from others against one, τι ἐπί τινι Soph.:—Mid., ἀποτραπόμενος πρός τι turning away from other objects to this one, Plut.
5. Mid. and Pass. to turn from, to desist from doing a thing, c. part., Il., c. inf., Eur., etc.:—absol. to stop, desist, Thuc.
6. to turn away, turn a deaf ear, Il.
7. c. acc. rei, to turn away from, like Lat. aversari, Aesch., Eur.
8. to turn back, return, Thuc., Xen.
1. Frequentat. of ἀποτρέπω, only in pres., Hom.
1. will mark off, i. e. contract, the boundaries of his fields, Il.: others read ἀπ-ουρήςουςι, ͂ ἀπ-αυρήςουςι (from a)p-aura/w) will take away.
1. to carry off or away, Lat. auferre, Hom., etc.:—Pass. to be carried from one's course, Hdt., Thuc.
2. to carry or bring back, Il., attic: Pass., of persons, to return, Hdt., Thuc.
3. to pay back, return, Hdt.: hence to pay what is due, id=Hdt.
4. as attic law term, to give in an accusation, accounts, etc., Dem., etc.
5. intr. to be off, ἀπόφερ̆ ἐς κόρακας Ar.
6. Mid. to take away with one, Hdt., etc.: to carry off a prize, Theocr.
7. to take for oneself, gain, obtain, Eur.
8. to bring back for oneself, Hdt.; ἀπ. βίον μητρί, i. e. to return to her alive, Eur.
1. intr. in pres. to perish utterly, die away, Aesch., Soph.
2. Causal in fut. -φθιῶ, aor1 -έφθιςα [ι_ epic, ι Trag.] to make to perish, waste away, destroy, Hes., Soph.: to lose, βίον Aesch.
3. Pass., = Act. intr., to perish, die, esp. in epic aor2 -έφθιτο [ι], imperat. -φθίςθω, -φθίμην [ι_], part. -φθίμενος [ι], also in 3rd pl. epic aor1 ἀπέφθιθεν.
1. only in pres. to perish, Il.
2. trans. to lose, id=Il.
1. to leave off breathing, to faint, swoon, Od., NTest.
2. c. acc., ἀπέψυξεν βίον breathed out life, Soph.: absol., like ἀποπνέω, Lat. exspiro, to expire, die Thuc.
3. to cool:— Pass., ἱδρῶ ἀπεψύχοντο χιτώνων they got the sweat dried off their tunics, Il.; ἱδρῶ ἀποψυχθείς id=Il.; metaph., ἀπεψυγμένοι cold, indifferent, Arist.
4. impers., ἀποψύχει it grows, cool, the air cools, Plat.
1. untouched, undefiled, Il.
1. unfledged, callow, of young birds, Il.
2. unwinged, Ar.
1. undaunted in speech, Il.
1. to thrust away, push back, Il.; to push off, Thuc.: Mid. to push away from oneself, Hom.:—c. gen. to drive away from a place; and in Mid. to drive away from oneself, to expel, banish, Hom., Hdt., etc.
2. of the wind, to beat from one's course, Od.; so in Mid., id=Od.
3. in Mid., also, to reject, decline, refuse to accept, Hdt., attic; ἀπ. δουλοςύνην to shake off slavery, Hdt.
1. from, away from. c. gen.
2. prep. c. gen. = Lat. ab, from.
3. OF PLACE:
4. of Motion, from, away from, Hom., etc.; of warriors fighting from chariots, Hom.
5. of Position, away from, far from, apart from, ἀπὸ ἧς ἀλόχοιο Il.; ἀπ̆ ὀφθαλμῶν far from sight, id=Il.; ἀπὸ θαλάςςης Thuc., etc.
6. of the mind, ἀπὸ θυμοῦ away from, i. e. alien from, my heart, Il.; οὐκ ἀπὸ τρόπου not without reason, Plat.; οὐκ ἀπὸ πράγματος Dem.
7. in partitive sense, αἶς̆ ἀπὸ ληί̈δος a part from the booty, a share of it, Od.
8. OF TIME, from, after, ἀπὸ δείπνου after supper, Il.; ἀπὸ δείπνου γενέςθαι to have done supper, Hdt., etc.; ἀφ̆ οὗ (sc. χρόνου), Lat. ex quo, id=Hdt., etc.
9. OF ORIGIN, CAUSE, etc.:
10. of that from which one is born, οὐκ ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδ̆ ἀπὸ πέτρης not sprung from oak or rock, Od.; τρίτος ἀπὸ Διός third in descent from Zeus, Plat.; οἱ ἀπὸ Σπάρτης the men from Sparta, Hdt.:—metaph. of things, κάλλος ἀπὸ Χαρίτων beauty born of the Graces, such as they give, Od.; γάλα ἀπὸ βοός Aesch.: —of connexion with the leader of a sect, οἱ ἀπὸ Πλάτωνος, Plato's disciples; οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀκαδημίας, ἀπὸ τῆς Στοᾶς, the Academics, the Stoics, Plut., etc.
11. of the Material from or of which a thing is made, ἀπὸ ξύλου Hdt.; ἀπὸ μέλιτος Theocr.
12. of the Instrument from or by which a thing is done, ἀπ̆ ἀργυρέοιο βιοῖο by [arrow shot from] silver bow, Il.
13. of the Person from whom an act comes, i. e. by whom it is done, οὐδὲν μέγα ἔργον ἀπ̆ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο Hdt.; ἐπράχθη ἀπ̆ αὐτοῦ οὐδέν Thuc.;—so that ἀπό came to be used like ὑπό, but implying a less direct agency.
14. of the Source from which life or power is sustained, ζῆν ἀπὸ ἰχθύων Hdt.; τρέφειν τὸ ναυτικὸν ἀπὸ τῶν νήςων Xen.
15. of the Cause, Means, or Occasion from, by, or because of which a thing is done, ἀπὸ δικαιοςύνης by reason of justice, Hdt.; ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν λημμάτων moved by, for the same profits, Dem.:—hence in many adverbial usages, ἀπὸ ςπουδῆς in earnest, eagerly, Il.; ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴςου, ἀπὸ τῆς ἴςης, or ἀπ̆ ἴςης, equally, Thuc., etc.; ἀπὸ γλώςςης by word of mouth, Hdt.; ἀφ̆ ἑαυτοῦ from or of oneself, Thuc.
16. AS ADVERB, far away, Hom., Hdt.
17. IN COMPOS.:
18. from, asunder, as in ἀποτέμνω: away, off, as in ἀποβαίνω.
19. finishing off, completing, as in ἀπεργάζομαι.
20. ceasing from, leaving off, as in ἀπαλγέω, ἀπολοφύρομαι.
21. back again, as in ἀποδίδωμι, ἀπολαμβάνω: also, in full, or what is one's own, as ἀπέχω.
22. by way of abuse, as in ἀποκαλέω.
23. almost = a_priv; sometimes with Verbs, as ἀπαυδάω, ἀπαγορεύω; with Adjectives, as ἀποχρήματος, ἀπόςιτος.
24. ἄπο, by anastrophe for ἀπό, when it follows its Noun, as ὀμμάτων ἄπο Soph.
1. to be thrown away as worthless, Il.
1. old epic aor1 only found in 3 pers. ἀπόερςε, swept away, subj. ἀποέρςηι, opt. ἀποέρςειε, all in Il.
1. unwarlike, unfit for war, Il., Eur.
2. peaceful, Eur.
3. not to be warred on, invincible, Aesch.
4. πόλεμος ἀπόλεμος a war that is no war, a hopeless struggle, id=Aesch., Eur.
1. to destroy utterly, kill, slay, and of things, to destroy, demolish, waste, Hom., attic; in pregnant sense, γᾶς ἐκ πατρίας ἀπ. to drive me ruined from my fatherland, Eur.; λόγοις ἀπ. τινά Soph.:— to talk or bore one to death, Ar.
2. to lose utterly, πατέρα, νόςτιμον ἦμαρ Hom.
3. Mid. ἀπόλλυμαι, fut. -ολοῦμαι, ionic -ολέομαι with part. ἀπολεύμενος: aor2 -ωλόμην: perf. -όλωλα: plup. ἀπολώλειν:— to perish utterly, die, Il.; c. acc. cogn., ἀπ. κακὸν μόρον, αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον Od.; to be undone, id=Od.; ἀπόλωλας you are done for, lost, ruined, Ar.; as an imprecation, κάκιςτ̆ ἀπολοίμην id=Ar.; in fut. part., ὦ κάκιςτ̆ ἀπολούμενε oh destined to a miserable end! i. e. oh villain, scoundrel! Ar.
4. to be lost, slip away, vanish, of the water eluding Tantalus, Od.; of sleep, Il.
1. from afar, afar off, far away, Hom.
1. far away, Hom.
1. not sacked, unravaged, Il., Hdt., attic
1. to start from a place, Λυκίηθεν Il.
1. to speak out, declare flatly or plainly, Il.; so in Mid., id=Il.
2. to say no, Soph.
3. c. acc. to refuse, deny, Xen., Plat.
1. not yet exposed to fire, Il.
1. a prayer, Il., Hdt.
2. esp. a prayer for evil, a curse, imprecation, mostly in pl., Il., Trag.
3. the effect of the curse, bane, ruin, ἀρὴν καὶ λοιγὸν ἀμῦναι Il.
4. Ἀρά personified as the goddess of destruction and revenge, Lat. Dira, Soph.
1. to pray to a god, c. dat., Il.:—c. acc. to invoke, Od.
2. c. acc. et inf. to pray that, Il., Hdt., Soph.:—c. inf. only, to pray to be so and so, Od.
3. to pray something for one, τί τινι; sometimes in good sense, ἀρ. τινι ἀγαθά Hdt.; but usually in bad, to imprecate upon one, ἀρὰς ἀρ. τινι Soph., etc.; without an acc., ἀρᾶςθαί τινι to curse one, Eur.
4. c. inf. fut. to vow that one will or would, ἠρήςατο ῥέξειν Il.
1. to strike hard, smite, (Hom. only has it in the compds. ἀπ-, ςυν-αράςςω); of horses, ὁπλαῖς ἀρ. χθόνα Pind.; θύρας ἀρ. to knock furiously at the door, Eur.; ἀράςςειν ςτέρνα, κρᾶτα to beat the breast, the head, in mourning, Lat. plangere, Aesch., Eur.; ἄραςςε μᾶλλον strike harder, Aesch.; ἀρ. ὄψεις, βλέφαρα Soph.
2. c. dat. modi, ἀράςςειν ὀνείδεςι κακοῖς to throw with reproaches or threats, i. e. fling them wildly about, id=Soph.
3. Pass. to be dashed against, πρὸς τὰς πέτρας Hdt.; πέτραις Aesch.
1. to damage, ἀράςοντι, doric for ἀρήςουςι, Inscr.: perf. pass. part. ἀρημένος, βεβλαμμένος, distressed, afflicted, Hom.
1. to make good, make up, ἂψ ἀρέςαι to make amends, Il.:—Mid., ταῦτα ἀρεςςόμεθα this will we make up among ourselves, Hom.
2. Mid. to appease, conciliate, αὐτὸν ἀρεςςάςθω ἐπέεςςιν Od.
3. after Hom., c. dat. pers. to please, satisfy, flatter, Hdt., attic; ταῦτα ἀρέςκει μοι Hdt.;—so, in Mid., id=Hdt.
4. in attic also c. acc. pers., οὐ γάρ μ̆ ἀρέςκει γλῶςςά ςου Soph.; τουτί μ̆ οὐκ ἀρ. Ar.: hence, in Pass., to be pleased, satisfied with a thing, c. dat. rei, Hdt., Thuc.
5. ἀρέςκει is used, like Lat. placet, to express the resolution of a public body, ταῦτα ἤρεςέ ςφι ποιέειν Hdt.:—so in Mid., Thuc.
6. part. ἀρέςκων, ουςα, ον, grateful, acceptable, Soph., Thuc.
1. to help, aid, succour, esp. in battle, c. dat., Il., Hdt.
2. impers., c. inf., like Lat, juvat, it is good or fit, ςιγᾶν ἀρήγει Aesch.
3. c. acc. rei, to ward off, prevent, τι Aesch.; also, ἀρ. τί τινι to ward off from one, Eur.
1. easy to be known, Hom.: well-known, far-famed, id=Hom.; and in bad sense, infamous, Lat. nimium notus, Od.
1. conspicuous, very distinct, of a star, Il.; of a voice, id=Il.; of persons, conspicuous, remarkable, id=Il.:—adv., ἀριζήλως εἰρημένα a plain tale, Od.
1. to rattle, ring, clash, of armour, Il.; of the teeth, to gnash, Theocr.
1. thin, narrow, slight, slender, Lat. tenuis, Hom.
1. TRANS.:—
2. to join, join together, fasten, Il.; ἄγγεςιν ἄρςον ἅπαντα pack up everything in the vessels, Od.
3. to fit together, construct, τοῖχον ἀραρεῖν λίθοιςιν Il.
4. to prepare, contrive, μνηςτῆρςιν θάνατον ἀραρόντες Od.
5. to fit, equip, furnish with a thing, νῆα ἄρςας ἐρέτηιςιν id=Od.
6. to please, gratify, favour, Pind., Soph.
7. to make fitting or pleasing, Il.
8. INTR.:—
9. to be joined closely together, to be in close order, close-packed, Hom.
10. to be fixed, of oaths and faith, Trag.:—absol., ἄραρε 'tis fixed, Eur.
11. to fit well or closely, Hom.: to fit or be fitted to a thing, c. dat., id=Hom.
12. to be fitted, furnished with a thing, c. dat., Il.; κάλλει ἀραρώς endowed with beauty, Eur.
13. to be fitting, meet or suitable, agreeable or pleasing, like ἀρέςκω, Od., Hes.:—so in epic aor2 pass. part. ἄρμενος, η, ον, fitting, fitted or suited to, c.dat., Od.; absol. meet, convenient, Lat. habilis, Il.
14. prepared, ready, Hes.
15. agreeable, welcome, ἄρμενα πράξαις ͂ εὖ πράξας, Pind.
1. accursed, unblest, Il., Soph.
2. prayed for: hence Ἄρητος, Ἀρήτη, (with changed accent), as prop. n., the prayed-for, like the Hebrew Samuel, Hom.
1. bright, glancing, of vivid lightning, Hom.
2. shining, white, of fat, Il.; of a robe, id=Il.
1. swift-footed, Il., Soph.
1. painful, troublous, grievous, Lat. gravis, Il., Ar.:— ἀργαλέον ἐςτί, c. dat. et inf., 'tis difficult to do a thing, Hom.; rarely c. acc. et inf., Il.
2. of persons, troublesome, Theogn., Ar.
1. white, of sheep, Il.; of woollen cloths, id=Il., Anth.
1. of the South wind, clearing, brightening, like Horace's detergens nubila caelo, Il.
2. ἀργέςτης Ζέφυρος (parox.), the North-west wind, Hes.
1. wielder of bright lightning, Il.
1. white, epith. of Rhodian cities, from their chalky hills, Il.
1. white-toothed, white-tusked Hom.
1. silver-eddying, of rivers, Il.
1. silver-studded, Hom.
1. silver-footed, Homeric epith. of Thetis.
1. with silver bow, Hom.
1. silver, of silver, Lat. argenteus, Hom., etc.
1. silver-white, Hom.
1. a watering-place, Hom.
1. slain by Ares, i. e. slain in war, Il., Eur.
2. = *)/areios, Aesch.
1. better, stouter, stronger, braver, more excellent, Hom., Aesch.
1. collective noun, menaces, threats, Il.
1. goodness, excellence, of any kind, esp. of manly qualities, manhood, valour, prowess, Hom., Hdt. (like Lat. vir-tus, from vir).
2. rank, nobility, Theogn., Eur.
3. in Prose, generally, goodness, excellence in any art, Plat., etc.; of animals or things, Hdt., attic.
4. in moral sense, goodness, virtue, Plat., etc.:—also character for virtue, merit, Eur., etc.
5. ἀρ. εἴς τινα service done him, Thuc.; ἀρ. περί τινα Xen.
1. swift as Ares, swift in battle, Il.
1. dear to Ares, favoured of the god of war, Il.
1. a helper, Il.
1. one that prays, a priest, Il.
1. intr. to be united, Il.
1. much shewn, hence like Lat. digito monstratus, Od.; as Sup. c. gen., ἀριδείκετος ἀνδρῶν most renowned of men, Il.
1. to number, count or reckon up, Od., etc.:—Mid., ἠριθμοῦντο they got them counted, Thuc.
2. to count out, to pay, Xen., Dem.
3. to reckon, count as, ἐν εὐεργεςίας μέρει id=Dem.:—Pass. to be reckoned, ἔν τιςι Eur.; ἀριθμεῖςθαι τῶν φιλτάτων to be counted as one of one's dearest friends, id=Eur.
1. very distinguished, stately, Hom.
2. of things, very bright, splendid, id=Hom.
1. left, on the left, Lat. sinister, ἐπ̆ ἀριςτερά towards, i. e. on, the left, Il.; ἐπ̆ ἀριςτερὰ χειρός on the left hand, Od.; ἐξ ἀριςτερῆς χειρός on the left hand, Hdt.; or simply, ἐξ ἀριςτερᾶς Soph.; ἐς ἀριςτερήν, ἐν ἀριςτερῆι Hdt.
2. metaph. boding ill, ominous, because to a Greek augur, looking northward, the unlucky signs came from the left, Od.
1. the best man: used by Hom. mostly in epic pl. ἀριςτῆες, the best or noblest, chiefs, princes; so Hdt., etc.
1. to be best or bravest, Hom.:— to gain the prize for valour, gain the highest distinction, Hdt.
2. c. gen., ἀριςτεύεςκε Τρώων he was the best of the Trojans, Il.; βουλῆι ἀριςτεύεςκεν ἁπάντων id=Il.; c. inf., ἀριςτεύεςκε μάχεςθαι was best at fighting, id=Il.; ἀρ. τι to be best in a thing, Theocr.
1. easy to be known, very distinct, manifest, Il.: poet. adv. -de/ws, plainly, Theocr.
2. very thoughtful, wise, Soph.
1. to ward off, keep off, a thing from a person, τί τινι Il.; ἀρκεῖν τὸ μὴ οὐ θανεῖν to keep off death, Soph.
2. c. dat. only, to defend, assist, succour, Hom., Soph.
3. to be strong enough, to be sufficient, to suffice, c. inf., Aesch., Soph.; c. part., ἀρκέςω θνήςκουςα my death will suffice, id=Soph.; οὐκ ἤρκουν ἰατροὶ θεραπεύοντες Thuc.
4. c. dat. to suffice, be enough for, satisfy, τινι Hdt., Soph.: to be a match for, πρός τινα Thuc.
5. absol. to be enough, be strong enough, avail, hold out, Aesch., etc.:—part., ἀρκῶν, οῦςα, οῦν, sufficient, enough, Hdt., attic
6. impers., ἀρκεῖ μοι 'tis enough for me, I am content, c. inf., Soph., etc.:—absol., οὐκέτ̆ ἀρκεῖ there is no help, id=Soph.; ἀρκεῖν δοκεῖ μοι it seems enough, seems good, id=Soph.
7. in Pass. to be satisfied with, c. dat. rei, ἔφη οὐκέτι ἀρκέεςθαι τούτοιςι Hdt.
1. Dep. opp. to φημί, to deny, disown, Hom., etc.
2. opp. to δίδωμι, to decline to give, refuse, Od., etc.
3. absol to say no, decline, refuse, Il.
4. dependent clauses are put in inf., with or without μή, to deny that, Hdt., attic
1. a young ram or wether, just full grown, Il.; ἀρνειὸς ὄϊς joined, like ἵρηξ κίρκος, Od.
1. a diver, tumbler, Hom.
1. a lamb, Lat. agnus, agna, Il.
2. a sheep, whether ram or ewe, Hom.
1. a plougher, husbandman, Il., Eur.; Σκύθαι ἀροτῆρες, opp. to νομάδες, Hdt.:—adj., βοῦς ἀροτήρ a steer for ploughing, Hes.
2. metaph. a father, Eur.
1. safe and sound, Hom.
1. ready of speech, glib or ready of tongue, Il., Pind.
1. Ep. form of ἀρτύω to arrange, prepare, devise, λόχον ἀρτύνειν, Lat. insidias struere, Od.; μνηςτῆρςιν θάνατον ἀρτ. id=Od.:—Mid. to prepare for oneself, id=Od.
1. like ἀρτύνω to arrange, devise, prepare, δόλον, ὄλεθρον, γάμον Hom.; so Hdt., attic
1. beginning mischief, Il.
1. a beginning, origin, first cause, Hom., etc.:—with Preps. ἐξ ἀρχῆς ͂ ἀρχῆθεν, from the beginning, from of old, Od., attic; ἐξ ἀρχῆς πάλιν anew, afresh, Ar.:—so, ἀπ̆ ἀρχῆς Hdt., Trag.:— κατ̆ ἀρχάς in the beginning, at first, Hdt.:—absol. in acc. ἀρχήν, to begin with, first, id=Hdt.; ἀρχὴν οὐ absolutely not, not at all, Lat. omnino non, id=Hdt., attic; with numerals, ἀρχὴν ἑπτά in all, Hdt.
2. the end, corner, of a bandage, rope, sheet, id=Hdt., Eur., NTest.
3. the first place or power, sovereignty, dominion, command, Hdt., attic; c. gen. rei, ἀρχὴ τῶν νεῶν, τῆς θαλάςςης Thuc., etc.
4. a sovereignty, empire, realm, Hdt., Thuc.
5. in Prose, a magistracy, office, Hdt., attic:—also a term of office, τὴν ἐνιαυςίαν ἀρχήν Thuc.:—these offices were commonly obtained in two ways, χειροτονητή by election, κληρωτή by lot, Aeschin.
6. in pl., αἱ ἀρχαί (as we say) "the authorities, " i. e. the magistrates, Thuc., etc.
1. to command, c. dat., Il.
1. a leader, chief, commander, Il.
1. help, aid, succour, protection, Ζηνὸς ἀρωγή aid given by Zeus, Il.; ἐπ̆ ἀρωγῆι in anyone's favour, id=Il.; ἀρ. νόςου, help against . . , Plat.
2. of persons, an aid, succour, Aesch., Soph.
1. aiding, succouring, propitious, serviceable, τινι Aesch.; absol., id=Aesch., Soph.
2. c. gen. serviceable towards a thing, Aesch., Soph.; πρός τι Thuc.
3. as Subst. a helper, aid, esp. in battle, Il.: a defender before a tribunal, advocate, id=Il.
1. to plough, Lat. arare, οὔτε φυτεύουςιν, οὔτ̆ ἀρόωςιν (epic for ἀροῦςι) Od.: Pass., πόντος ἠρόθη δορί Aesch.
2. to sow, ἀροῦν εἰς κήπους Plat.
3. metaph. of the husband, Theogn., Soph.:—Pass., of the child, to be begotten, id=Theogn.
1. a bathing-tub, Od.
1. without leader or shepherd, Il.
2. unsealed, unmarked, Hdt.
1. to breathe hard, gasp for breath, of one out of breath or dying, mostly in pres. part., Il.
1. to work curiously, form by art, fashion, Hom.; ἀςκήςας with skilful art, id=Hom.
2. of adornment, to dress out, trick out, decorate, adorn, deck, Hdt.: Pass., πέπλοιςι Περςικοῖς ἠςκημένη Aesch.:—Mid., ςῶμ̆ ἠςκήςατο adorned his own person, Eur.
3. in Prose, to practise, exercise, train, Lat. exercere, properly of athletic exercise:
4. of the person trained, Ar.; ἀςκεῖν τὸ ςῶμα εἴς or πρός τι for an object or purpose, Xen., etc.
5. of the thing practised, ἀςκ. τέχνην Hdt.; metaph., ἀςκ. τὴν ἀλήθειαν id=Hdt.; κακότητα Aesch.; ἀςέβειαν Eur.
6. c. inf., ἄςκει τοιαύτη μένειν endeavour to remain such, Soph.; ἀςκ. ἀγαθὰ ποιεῖν to make a practice of doing good, Xen.
7. absol. to practise, go into training, οἱ ἀςκοῦντες those who practise gymnastics, id=Xen.
1. dried up, withered, Od.
2. neut. ἀςκελές as adv. toughly, obstinately, stubbornly, ἀςκελὲς αἰεί id=Od.; so, ἀςκελέως αἰεί Il.
1. unhurt, unharmed, unscathed, Hom.
1. a leathern-bag, a wine-skin, Hom.; ἀςκὸς βοός the bag of ox-skin in which Aeolus bottled up the winds, Od.; ἀςκὸς Μαρςυέω a bag made of the skin of Marsyas, Hdt.:— a bladder, Eur.
2. proverb. usage, ἀςκὸν δείρειν τινά to flay one alive, maltreat wantonly, Ar.; ἀςκὸς δεδάρθαι Solon.
1. to welcome kindly, bid welcome, greet, Lat. salutare, τινα Hom., etc.; as the common form on meeting, ἀςπάζομαί ςε or ἀςπάζομαι alone, Ar.; πρόςωθεν αὐτὴν ἀςπ. I salute her at a respectful distance, i. e. keep away from her, Eur.:— also to take leave of, id=Eur., Xen.
2. to embrace, kiss, caress, Ar.; of dogs, Lat. blandiri, Xen.
3. of things, to follow eagerly, cleave to, Lat. amplector, ἀςπ. τὸν οἶνον Plat.
4. ἀςπ. ὅτι to be glad that, Ar.
1. welcome, gladly welcomed, Hom.
2. well-pleased, glad, id=Hom.:— adv. -i/ws, gladly, id=Hom., Hdt.
1. a round shield, Lat. clipeus, of bull's hide, overlaid with metal plates, with a boss (ὀμφαλός) in the middle, and fringed with tassels (θύςανοι): different from the oblong shield (ὅπλον, Lat. scutum) used by the ὁπλῖται.
2. in Prose, used for a body of soldiers, ὀκτακιςχιλίη ἀςπίς 8, 000 men-at-arms, Hdt.
3. military phrases: ἐπ̆ ἀςπίδας πέντε καὶ εἴκοςι τάξαςθαι to be drawn up 25 deep, Thuc.; so, ἐπ̆ ἀςπίδων ὀλίγων τετάχθαι id=Thuc.; ἐπ̆ ἀςπίδα, παρ̆ ἀςπίδα (opp. to ἐπὶ δόρυ) on the left, towards or to the left, because the shield was on the left arm, Xen.; παρ̆ ἀςπ. ςτῆναι to stand in battle-array, Eur.
4. an asp, an Egyptian snake, Hdt.
1. to pant, gasp, struggle convulsively, of the dying, Hom., Hdt.; but, μοῦνος ἤςπαιρε he was the only one who still made a struggle, Hdt.
1. hastily, hotly, vehemently, Hom.
1. shield-bearing, a warrior, Il.
1. one armed with a shield, a warrior, gen. pl. ἀςπιςτάων, Il.:—as adj., ἀςπιςταὶ μόχθοι τευχέων, i. e. the shield of Achilles, Eur.
1. without zeal, without a struggle, ignobly, Il.
1. a star, Il., etc.; cf. ἄςτρον.
2. a flame, light, fire, Eur.
1. unmoved, unshaken, Il.; ἀςτεμφὲς ἔχεςκε [τὸ ςκῆπτρον] he held it stiff, id=Il.:— adv., ἀςτεμφέως ἐχέμεν to hold fast, Od.: also neut. ἀςτεμφές, as adv. stiff, stark, Mosch.
2. of persons, stiff, unflinching, Theocr.
1. lightning, Il.
1. the lightener, of Zeus, Il.
1. starred, starry, Il.
2. like a star, glittering, id=Il.
1. one of the neck-vertebrae, Hom.
2. the ball of the ankle joint, Lat. talus, Hdt., Theocr.
3. pl. ἀςτράγαλοι, dice or agame played with dice, Il., Hdt.:—they were at first made of knuckle-bones, and never had more than four flat sides, whereas the κύβοι had six. They played with four: the best throw (βόλος), when each die came differently, was called Ἀφροδίτη, Lat. jactus Veneris; the worst, when all came alike, κύων, Lat. canis.
1. to lighten, hurl lightnings, of omens sent by Zeus, Il., Ar.
2. impers., ἀςτράπτει it lightens, ἤςτραψε it lightened, attic
3. to flash like lightning, Soph., Eur., etc.:—c. acc. cogn., ἐξ ὀμμάτων δ̆ ἤςτραπτε ςέλας (sc. Τυφών) he flashed flame from his eyes, Aesch.
1. crying through the city, of a herald, Il.
1. a townsman, citizen, Hom., attic
1. not liable to fall, immoveable, steadfast, firm, θεῶν ἕδος Od., etc.
2. of friends and the like, unfailing, trusty, Soph., etc.: c. inf., φρονεῖν γὰρ οἱ ταχεῖς οὐκ ἀςφαλεῖς the hasty in council are not safe, id=Soph.: so of things, sure, certain, Thuc., etc.
3. assured from danger, safe, secure, Soph., etc.; ἐν ἀςφαλεῖ in safety, Thuc.; τὸ ἀςφαλές ͂ ἀςφάλεια, id=Thuc.; ἀςφαλές [ἐςτι], c. inf., it is safe to . . , Ar.
4. ἀςφ. ῥήτωρ a convincing speaker, id=Ar.
5. epic adv. a)sfale/ws e)/xein or μένειν to be, remain fast, firm, steady, Hom.; so neut. ἀςφαλές as adv., id=Hom.; ἀςφ. ἀγορεύει without faltering, Od.; ἔμπεδον ἀςφαλέως without fail for ever, Hom.; still further strengthd., ἔμπεδον ἀςφαλὲς ἀεί Il.
6. attic adv. a)sfalw=s in all senses of the adj., in safety, with certainty, Soph.:—comp. -έςτερον, Hdt., Plat.; Sup. -έςτατα, id=Plat.
1. to be distressed, grieved, Hom.: to be vexed at a thing, c. gen., Od.
1. insolent, degrading, Il.
1. equal in weight, equivalent, or equal to, τινι Hom.
1. to skip in childish glee, gambol, Il.
2. . Act. to bring up a child, rear, foster, like ἀτιτάλλω, Soph.:—Pass. to grow up, wax, Hhymn.; the Act. is so used by Hes.
1. but, yet, Lat. at, to introduce an objection or correction, Il., attic; it always begins a sentence or clause, but is placed after the voc., Ἕκτορ, ἀτάρ που ἔφης still thou didst say, Il.:— ἀτάρ sometimes answers to μέν, more emphatic than δέ, Hom., attic
2. in attic to mark a rapid transition to another thought, Aesch., etc.; so ἀτὰρ δή Eur.
1. fearless, undaunted, Soph.
1. presumptuous, reckless, arrogant, Hom., Hdt.
1. without end or issue, to no purpose, without effect, unaccomplished, Hom.
2. uninitiated in mysteries, c. gen., Eur.; absol., Plat.
1. to maltreat, to afflict, perplex, Od.: Pass., c. gen., to be bereft or cheated of a thing, Hom.
1. in part. ἀτέων, fool-hardy, reckless, Il., Hdt.
1. not to honour, to hold in no honour, θεούς Aesch. : absol. in part., ἀτίζων, unheeding, Il.
1. unhonoured, despised, Il.
2. （τι_μή II) not valued or estimated, δίκη ἀτ. a cause in which the penalty is not assessed in court, but fixed by law beforehand, Dem.
1. tender-minded, of a child, Il.
1. tender, delicate, of young creatures, Hom.; ἀταλὰ φρονέοντες of young, gay spirit, Il.
1. unfearing, fearless, Il.; ἀτ. τῆς θέας having no fear about the sight, Soph.
2. causing no fear, Aesch.
1. mischievous, baneful, Hom.
1. presumptuous sin, recklessness, arrogance, Hom. always in pl.; in sg., Hes., Hdt.
1. not to be worn away, indestructible, of iron, Hom.: metaph. stubborn, unyielding, Il.
1. not brought to an end or issue, unaccomplished, Il.
2. of a person, impracticable, Soph.
1. unpleasing, joyless, melancholy, Hom., Aesch.; ἀτερπέςτερον εἰς ἀκρόαςιν less attractive to the ear, Thuc.
1. to hold in no honour, to esteem lightly, dishonour, slight, c. acc., Hom., attic: so in Mid., Soph.:—c. acc. cogn., ἔπη ἀτιμάζεις πόλιν thou speakest words in dishonour of the city, id=Soph.:—Pass. to suffer dishonour, Hdt., attic
2. c. gen. rei, ἀτ. λόγου to treat as unworthy of speech, Aesch.; ἀτ. ὧν ͂ ἀτ. τούτων ἅ, Soph.:—also, μή μ̆ ἀτιμάςηις τὸ μὴ οὐ θανεῖν deem me not unworthy to die, id=Aesch.; οὐκ ἀτιμάςω προςειπεῖν will not disdain to . . , Eur.
3. = a)timo/w in legal sense, to deprive of civil rights, Xen.
1. to dishonour, treat lightly, Hom.
1. redupl. form of ἀτάλλω, to rear up a child, foster, cherish, tend, Hom.; of horses, Pass., χῆν̆ ἀτιταλλομένην ἐνὶ οἴκωι Od.
1. without trembling, without motion, Hom.; ἀτρέμας εὕδειν id=Hom.; ἀτρέμας ἧςο sit still, Il.; ἀτρέμας ἔχειν to keep quiet, Hdt.; ἀτρ. ἅπτεςθαί τινος gently, softly, Eur.; ἀτρ. πορεύεςθαι to go softly, Xen.
1. properly a path with no turnings, generally a path-way, road, Hom., Hdt., Thuc., etc.
1. real, genuine, Il.
2. strict, precise, exact, ἀριθμός Hdt.:— τὸ ἀτρεκές ͂ ἀτρέκεια, id=Hdt.; τὸ ἀτρεκέςτερον greater exactness, id=Hdt.; τὸ ἀτρεκέςτατον id=Hdt.
3. sure, certain, Eur.
4. used by Hom. mostly in adv. a)treke/ws, with ἀγορεύειν, καταλέξαι, to tell truly, exactly; so also Hdt.
5. also neut. as adv., δεκὰς ἀτρεκές just ten of them, Od.; so, τὸ ἀτρεκές Theogn.
1. yielding no harvest, unfruitful, of the sea, Hom.; of the air, id=Hom.
1. Pass. : to be distraught from fear, mazed, bewildered, Hom.; ἀτυζόμενοι πεδίοιο fleeing bewildered o'er the plain, Il.: also to be distraught with grief, ἀτυζόμενος Soph., Eur.: c. acc., ὄψιν ἀτυχθείς amazed at the sight, Il.
2. in late Ep. we find the Act. ἀτύζω, with 3 sing. aor. 1 opt. ἀτύξαι, to strike with terror, Theocr.
1. to cry, shout, Il., Aesch.:—c. acc. cogn., βοὰν ἀϋτῶ Eur.; ἀϋτεῖ δ̆ ὀξύ Aesch.
2. c. acc. pers. to call to, Il., Eur.:—c. acc. pers. et inf., Eur.
1. a cry, shout, esp. battle-shout, war-cry, Hom.: generally a sound, Aesch.
1. breath, Il.; ἀϋτμὴ hφαίςτοιο the fiery breath of Hephaestus, id=Il.; πυρὸς ἀϋτμή Od.; of bellows, Il.; of wind, Od.
2. odour, scent, fragrance, Hom.
1. more fleet, Il.
1. to arrive at, Plat.
1. the archer, of Apollo, Il.
1. to send forth, discharge, Lat. emittere, of missiles, Hom., etc.:—hence to let loose, utter, give vent to words, Hdt., Trag.
2. to let fall, Il.
3. to send forth an expedition, dispatch it, Hdt.: Pass., of troops, id=Hdt.
4. to give up or hand over to, τινι τί id=Hdt., attic:—Pass., ἡ Ἀττικὴ ἀπεῖτο ἤδη Hdt.
5. to send away, let go, loose, set free, Il., attic:—c. acc. pers. et gen. rei, to set free from a thing, let off from, Hdt.: in legal sense to release from an engagement, accusation, etc., ἀφ. τινὰ φόνου Dem.
6. to dissolve, disband, break up an army, Hdt.:— to dismiss the council or law-courts, Ar.
7. to put away, divorce, Hdt.
8. to let go as an ἄφετος, consecrate, Xen.
9. of things, to get rid of, δίψαν Il.; to shed its blossoms, of plants, Od.; to slacken its force, of a dart, Il.
10. ἀφ. πλοῖον ἐς . . to loose ship for a place, Hdt.
11. in legal sense, c. dat. pers. et acc. rei, ἀφ. τινὶ αἰτίην to remit him a charge or a fine, Hdt., Dem.
12. to leave alone, give up, let pass, neglect, Hdt., attic; foll. by a predicate, ἀφύλακτον ἀφ. to leave unguarded.
13. c. acc. et inf., ἀφ. τι δημόςιον εἶναι to give up to be public property, Thuc.; ἀφ. τὸ πλοῖον φέρεςθαι to let the boat be carried away, Hdt.
14. c. acc. pers. et inf. to let, suffer, permit one to do a thing, id=Hdt., Plat., etc.
15. seemingly intr. (sub. ςτρατόν, ναῦς, etc.), to break up, march, sail, etc., Hdt.
16. Mid. to send forth from oneself, send forth, attic
17. δειρῆς ἀφίετο πήχεε she loosed her arms from off my neck.
18. c. gen. only, τέκνων ἀφοῦ let go hold of the children, Soph., Thuc.
1. Causal in pres. and imperf., in fut. ἀποςτήςω, aor1 ἀπέςτηςα, as also in aor1 mid.:— to put away, remove, c. acc., Aesch., etc.; ἀφ. τινὰ λόγου to hinder from speech, Eur.; ἀφ. τὴν ἐπιβουλήν to frustrate it, Thuc.; ἀφ. τὸν ἄρχοντα to depose him, Xen.; so in aor1 mid., δόρυ πυλῶν ἀπεςτήςαςθε removed war from your own gates, Eur.
2. to make to revolt, move to revolt, Hdt., Thuc.
3. to weigh out, Xen.:—aor1 mid., ἀποςτήςαςθαι χρεῖος to weigh out or pay the debt in full, Il.; ἀποςτήςαςθαι τὸν χαλκόν to have the money weighed out to one, Dem.
4. intr., in Pass., as also in aor2 act. ἀπέςτην, imperat. ἀπόςτηθι, ἀπόςτα, perf. ἀφέςτηκα in pres. sense, syncop. pl. ἀφέςταμεν, -ςτατε, -ςτᾶςι, inf. ἀφεςτάναι, part. ἀφεςτώς, -ῶςα, -ός or -ώς: fut. mid. ἀποςτήςομαι: aor1 ἀπεςτάθην [α]:— to stand away or aloof from, keep far from, c. gen., Hom., attic; μακρὰν τόποις καὶ χρόνοις ἀφ. Diod.; ἀφεςτάναι φρενῶν to lose one's wits, Soph.; ἀφ. πραγμάτων to withdraw from business, Dem., etc.
5. in Prose, to revolt from, τινος or ἀπό τινος, Hdt., attic: absol. to revolt, Hdt.
6. ἀφ. τινός τινι to give up a thing to another, Dem.; hence, ἀφ. τινι to make way for him, give way to him, Eur.; c. inf. to shrink from doing, id=Eur.
7. absol. to stand aloof, Il., attic
1. to take from, take away from a person, τί τινι Od., etc.; also τί τινος, Ar., Xen.; and τί τινα Aesch., Soph.:—c. acc. solo, ἀπελὼν τὰ ἄχθεα having taken them off, Hdt.; ὀργὴν ἀφ. to remove it, Eur.; ἀφ. χωρίς separate, set aside, Plat.
2. Mid., fut. ἀφαιρήςομαι, and later ἀφελοῦμαι: aor2 ἀφειλόμην:— to take away for oneself, take away, in sense and construction much like Act., Hom., etc.
3. followed by μή c. inf. to prevent, hinder from doing, Soph., Eur.
4. ἀφαιρεῖςθαί τινα εἰς ἐλευθερίαν, Lat. vindicare in libertatem, to set a man free, Plat., Dem.
5. Pass., fut. -αιρεθήςομαι: aor1 ἀφηιρέθην: perf. ἀφῄρημαι, ionic ἀπαραίρημαι:— to be robbed or deprived of a thing, to have it taken from one, τι Hdt., attic
1. to miss one's mark, c. gen., Il., Xen.
2. to be deprived of what one has, Il.
1. random-talking, Il.
1. to tear off or from, c. gen., Il.; to snatch away, steal from, τί τινος Ar.: c. acc. only, to snatch eagerly, Soph., Eur.
1. feeble, powerless, παιδὸς ἀφαυροῦ Il.; mostly in comp. and Sup., Hom., Hes.:—adv. -rw=s, Anth.
1. to arrive at, to have come to, c. acc., Hom.
1. to come to one place from another, to arrive at, reach: c. acc. loci, Hom.; or ἀφ. ἐς . . , ἐπί . . , κατά . . , πρός . . , id=Hom., attic (in Prose the prep. is seldom omitted); absol. to arrive, Od.:—Hom. also puts the person reached in acc., μνηςτῆρας ἀφ. came up to them, Od.; so, to come up to a throw (of the quoit), id=Od.:— ἀφ. ἐπὶ or εἰς πάντα to try every means, Soph., Eur.
2. to come into a certain condition, ἀπ. ἐς πᾶν κακόν or κακοῦ, ἐς ἀπορίην, etc., Hdt., attic
3. ἀπ. τινι ἐς λόγους to hold converse with one, Hdt.; so, ἐς ἔριν, ἐς ἔχθεα ἀφ. τινι id=Hdt.; διὰ μάχης, δῐ ἔχθρας ἀπ. τινί to come to battle, or into enmity with one, id=Hdt.; διὰ λόγων τινί Eur.
4. ἐς τόξευμα ἀφ. to come within shot, Xen.
1. of an angry man, spluttering or perh. foaming, Il.
1. rich, wealthy, Il.; c. gen., ἀφνειὸς βιότοιο rich in substance, Hom.; c. acc., Hes.; c. dat., Theocr.
1. to strip of arms, τινά τινος Luc.: to disarm, τινά Anth.:—Mid., ἀφοπλίζεςθαι ἔντεα to put off one's armour, Il.
1. to make to start from a place:— Pass. to go forth, start, depart from a place, c. gen., Hom., attic
2. intr. in same sense as Pass., Eur., Thuc.: of lightning, to break forth, Soph.; c. acc. cogn., ἀφορμᾶν πεῖραν to begin an enterprise. id=Soph.
1. to befoam, cover with foam, ἵπποι ἄφρεον ςτήθεα Il.
1. without brotherhood (φράτρα), i. e. bound by no social tie, Il.
1. to be silly, senseless, Hom.
1. to be senseless, act thoughtlessly, Hom.
1. insensate, reckless, Od.; of the dead, senseless, lifeless, id=Od. adv. a)frade/ws, senselessly, recklessly, Il.
1. folly, thoughtlessness, mostly in epic dat. pl., ἀφραδίηιςι Hom.; δῐ ἀφραδίας Od.
1. to be silly, act foolishly, only in part., Il., Anth.
1. folly, thoughtlessness, senselessness, in sg. and pl., Hom., Soph., Thuc.
1. foam, of the sea, Il.: of an angry lion, foam, froth, id=Il.; ἀπ̆ ἀνθρώπων ἀφρόν frothy blood, Aesch.
1. the mud and filth which a stream carries with it, rubbish, Il.
1. to draw liquids, esp. from a larger vessel with a smaller, οἶνον ἐν ἀμφιφορεῦςιν ἠφύςαμεν Od.:—Pass., πίθων ἠφύςςετο οἶνος was drawn from the wine-jars, id=Od.:—metaph., πλοῦτον ἀφύξειν to draw full draughts of wealth, i. e. heap it up, τινί for another, Il.
2. Mid. to draw for oneself, οἶνον id=Il.; ῥοάς Eur.:—metaph., φύλλα ἠφυςάμην I heaped me up a bed of leaves, Od.
1. the white poplar, said to have been brought by Hercules from the banks of Acheron, Il.
1. in pres. part. grieving, sorrowing, mourning, Hom.
2. from the same Root ΑΧ, came also
3. aor2 in Causal sense, to grieve, vex, annoy, distress, Hom.: so also, redupl. fut. ἀκαχήςω, epic aor1 ἀκάχηςα, id=Hom.; and a pres. ἀκαχίζω
4. pass. to be grieved, distressed, Hom.; c. gen. causae, to grieve for a person, id=Hom.; rarely c. dat. to grieve at a person's death, Od.; the cause of grief also in partic., μή τι θανὼν ἀκαχίζεο id=Od.
5. later c. acc. to lament, Soph.
1. a mist, Lat. caligo, Od.; a mist over the eyes of one dying, Il.; or of a person deprived of the power of knowing others, id=Il.—metaph. gloom, trouble, Aesch.
1. useless, unprofitable, good for nothing, Hes., Soph., etc.
2. esp. unserviceable, unfit for war, Hdt.; τὸ ἄχρ. τοῦ ςτρατοῦ the unserviceable part of an army, id=Hdt., Thuc., etc.
3. in Hom. neut. ἀχρεῖον as adv., ἀχρεῖον ἰδών giving a helpless look, looking foolish, of Thersites after being beaten, Il.; ἀχρεῖον ἐγέλαςςε laughing without cause or meaning, laughed with a forced laugh, Od.; so, ἀχρεῖον κλάζειν to bark without cause, Theocr.
1. a heap of chaff, Il., Anth.
1. backflowing, refluent, of Ocean, regarded as a stream encircling the earth and flowing back into itself, Hom.
1. to sleep well, Hom.
1. covered with water, Il.
2. sailing on the sea, ναῦς Arion.
1. to be taken, conquered, of persons and places, Hom., etc.; ἁλίςκεςθαι εἰς πολεμίους to fall into the hands of the enemy, Plat.
2. to be caught, seized, θανάτῳ ἁλῶναι or without θανάτῳ, to die, Hom.; ἑάλωςαν εἰς Ἀθήνας γράμματα letters were seized and taken to Athens, Xen.
3. in good sense, to be won, achieved, attained, Soph., etc.
4. with part. to be caught or detected doing a thing, Hdt.; ἐὰν ἁλῷς τοῦτο πράττων Plat.; also with a Subst. or adj., the part. ὤν being omitted, οὐ γὰρ δὴ φονεὺς ἁλώςομαι Soph., Ar.
5. as attic law-term, to be convicted and condemned, Plat., Dem.:—c. gen. criminis, to be convicted of, ἁλῶναι ψευδομαρτυριῶν, etc.
1. flowing into the sea, of rivers, Hom.
1. to make fruitless, frustrate, disappoint, Διὸς νόον Od.; οὐδ̆ ἁλίωςε βέλος nor did he hurl the spear in vain, Il.
1. from the sea, ἐξ ἁλόθεν (showing that it is an old gen.) Il.
1. to miss, miss the mark, c. gen., ἑκὼν ἡμάρτανε φωτός he missed the man on purpose, Il.; ἁμ. τῆς ὁδοῦ to miss the road, Ar.; τοῦ ςκοποῦ Antipho.
2. generally, to fail of doing, fail of one's purpose, to miss one's point, fail, go wrong, Od., etc.; c. gen., νοήματος ἤμβροτεν failed in hitting upon the thought, id=Od., etc.; ἁμ. τοῦ χρηςμοῦ to mistake it, Hdt.
3. to fail of having, i. e. to be deprived of, lose, c. gen., ἁμαρτήςεςθαι ὀπωπῆς that I should lose my sight, Od.; ἁμ. πιςτῆς ἀλόχου Eur.
4. to fail, do wrong, err, sin, Hom., etc.; c. dat. modi, γνώμῃ ἁμ. to err in judgment, Hdt.; or ἐν λόγοις id=Hdt., Plat.; with a neut. adj., τόδε γ̆ ἤμβροτον I erred in this, Od.; in Prose, ἁμ. περί τι ἁμ. περί τι to do wrong in a matter, Plat., etc.
5. Pass., ἁμαρτάνεταί τι a sin is committed, Thuc.:—impers., ἁμαρτάνεται περί τι Plat.
1. erring in words, speaking at random, Il.
1. together, at once, Hom.
1. a jostling or clashing of wheels, ἁματροχιὰς ἀλεείνων Il.
1. to please, delight, gratify, c. dat. pers., Hom., etc.:—absol., ἑα_δότα μῦθον a pleasing speech, id=Hom.
2. ἁνδάνει, Lat. placet, expressing opinion, οὔ ςφι ἥνδανε ταῦτα Hdt.; c. inf., τοῖςι μὲν ἕαδε βοηθέειν it was their pleasure to assist, id=Hdt.:—impers., ἐπεί νύ τοι εὔαδεν οὕτως (sc. ποιεῖν) Hom.
1. everywhere, Hom.
1. well-fed, plump, Il.
1. soft to the touch, tender, of the body, Hom., Soph.; of fresh fruit, Hdt.; of tender meat, Xen.
2. metaph. soft, gentle, ἁπαλὸν γελάςαι to laugh gently, Od.; ἁπ. δίαιτα soft, delicate, Plat.
1. single, Soph., Thuc.
2. simple, natural, plain, sincere, frank, Trag., Plat., etc.: in bad sense, simple, Isocr.
3. simple, opp. to compound, Plat.; ἁπλῆ δημοκρατία sheer democracy, id=Plat.
4. simple, absolutely true, id=Plat.
5. adv. a(plw=s, v. sub voc.
6. comp. and Sup. ἁπλούςτερος, ἁπλούςτατος, id=Plat.
1. building chariots: ἁρμ. ἀνήρ a wheelwright, chariot-maker, Il.
1. the wheel-track of a chariot, Luc.:—Hom. uses poet. form ἁρματροχιή, Il.
1. a fastening to keep ship-planks together, a clamp, Od.
2. a joining, joint, between a ship's planks, τὰς ἁρμ. ἐπάκτωςαν τῆι βύβλωι caulked the joints with byblus, Hdt.
3. a frame: metaph., δύςτροπος γυναικῶν ἁρμ. women's perverse temperament, Eur.
4. a covenant, agreement, in pl., Il.:— settled government, order, Aesch.
5. harmony, as a concord of sounds, first as a mythical personage, Harmonia, Music, companion of Hebe, the Graces and the Hours; child of the Muses, Hhymn., Eur.
6. metaph., harmony, concord, Plat.
1. to fit together, join, esp. of joiner's work, Od.; so in Mid. to join for oneself, put together, id=Od.
2. generally, to fit, adapt, prepare, make ready, Soph.:—Mid. to suit oneself, πρός τινα Luc.
3. of marriage, ἁρμόζειν τινὶ τὴν θυγατέρα to betroth one's daughter to any one, Hdt.; also, ἁρμ. γάμους Eur.:—Mid. to betroth to oneself, take to wife, τὴν θυγατέρα τινός Hdt.; (so in Mid., NTest.):— Pass., ἡρμόςθαι θυγατέρα τινὸς γυναῖκα to have her betrothed or married to one, Hdt.
4. to set in order, regulate, govern, Eur.: Pass., Soph.; κονδύλοις ἡρμοττόμην I was ruled or drilled with cuffs, Ar.:—among the Lacedaemonians, to act as harmostes, ἐν ταῖς πόλεςιν Xen.
5. to arrange according to the laws of harmony, to tune instruments, Plat.:— Pass., ἡρμοςμένος in tune, id=Plat.
6. intr. to fit, fit well, of clothes or armour, c. dat. pers., Il.
7. to fit, suit, be adapted, fit for, τινί Soph.
8. impers. ἁρμόζει, it is fitting, Lat. decet, c. acc. et inf., id=Soph.
9. part., ἁρμόττων, ουςα, ον, fitting, suitable, Plat.; πρός τι Xen.
1. to snatch away, carry off, Hom., Hdt., etc.:—absol. to steal, be a thief, Ar.
2. to seize hastily, snatch up, λᾶαν Il.; δόρυ Aesch.; ἁρπ. τινὰ μέςον to seize him by the waist, Hdt.; c. gen. part., ἁρπ. τινὰ ποδός by the foot, Eur.
3. to seize, overpower, Aesch.: also to seize a post, Xen.
4. to plunder, πόλεις Thuc., etc.
1. a robber, Il.
1. to handle, rub, polish, Il.
1. a juncture, loop, mesh, such as form a net, Il.
2. the felloe or felly of a wheel, the wheel itself, Hes., Hdt., Eur.
3. any circle or disk, of the sun, id=Eur.
4. an arch or vault, Plat., Luc.
1. not to be touched, resistless, invincible, χεῖρες ἄαπτοι Hom., Hes.
1. not hit by darts, Il.
1. very noisy, boisterous
2. noiseless; epith. of the Trojans in Il., v. au)i/axos.
1. immortal, divine, holy, νὺξ ἀβρότη, either holy Night, as a divinity, (like ἱερὸν κνέφας, ἱερὸν ἦμαρ), or never failing (like ἄφθιτος ἠώς), Il.; ἔπη ἄβροτα holy hymns, Soph.
2. without men, solitary, Aesch.
1. a glory, delight, honour, Il., attic; ἀγάλματ̆ ἀγορᾶς mere ornaments of the agora, Eur.
2. a pleasing gift, esp. for the gods, Od.
3. a statue in honour of a god, Hdt., attic; an image, as an object of worship, etc., Aesch.; then generally,= a)ndria/s, any statue, Plat.: also a portrait, picture, ἐξαλειφθεῖς̆ ὡς ἄγαλμα Eur.
1. absol. to wonder, be astonished, Hom.
2. c. acc. to admire a person or thing, id=Hom., Hdt.; so in attic, ταῦτα ἀγαςθείς Xen.; c. acc. pers. et rei, to admire one for a thing, Plat., Xen.
3. c. gen. rei only, often in Com., to wonder at, λόγων Ar.
4. c. acc. rei et gen. pers., οὐκ ἄγαμαι ταῦτ̆ ἀνδρός I admire not this in a man, Eur.
5. c. gen. pers., foll. by a part., to wonder at one's doing, ἀγ. αὐτοῦ εἰπόντος Plat.
6. c. dat. to be delighted with a person or thing, Hdt., Eur., etc.
7. in bad sense, to feel envy, bear a grudge against a person, c. dat., Hom.
8. c. acc. to be jealous or angry at a thing, Od. Cf. ἀγαίομαι.
1. unmarried, unwedded, single, Lat. caelebs, Il., Trag.
2. γάμος ἄγαμος, a marriage that is no marriage, a fatal marriage, Soph., Eur.
1. a messenger, envoy, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. generally, one that announces, of birds of augury, Il.; Μουςῶν ἄγγελος, of a poet, Theogn.; Διὸς ἄγγ., of the nightingale, Soph.; c. gen. rei, ἄγγ. κακῶν ἐμῶν id=Soph.
3. a divine messenger, an angel, NTest.
1. a vessel of various kinds, a jar to hold milk, etc., Hom.: a vat for the vintage, Hes.; a vase, pitcher, pail, Hdt., attic
2. a coffer or ark, in which children were laid, Hdt., Eur.: a chest for clothes, Soph.: a cinerary urn, id=Soph.
3. the cell of a honeycomb, Anth.
1. come! come on! well! Lat. age! Hom., attic.
1. a bend: hence a mountain glen, dell, valley, Hom., Hdt., Eur.
1. to break, shiver, Hom.; Pass. to be broken or shivered, ἄγη ξίφος Il.; ἐάγη δόρυ id=Il.; πάλιν ἄγεν ὄγκοι (for ἐάγηςαν) the barbs were broken backwards, id=Il.; καμπὰς πολλὰς ἀγνύμενος, of a river, with a broken, i. e. winding, course, Hdt.; ἄγνυτο ἠχώ the sound spread around, Hes.
1. pass. unborn, Il.: not yet born, Eur.
2. act. not producing, unfruitful, barren; τόκοιςιν ἀγόνοις travail without issue, bringing no children to the birth, Soph., etc.
3. c. gen. not productive of, barren in a thing, Plat.
4. childless, Eur.
1. dwelling in the field, of shepherds, Il., Hes.; ἄγρ. ἀνήρ a boor, Anth.
2. of oxen, Hom., etc.
3. of things, rural, rustic, Eur.
1. living in the fields, Lat. agrestis:
2. of animals, wild, savage, αἴξ, ςῦς Il.; ἵπποι, ὄνοι Hdt., etc.; of men, id=Hdt.; of a countryman, as opp. to a citizen, Mosch.
3. of trees, wild, Hdt., etc.; μητρὸς ἀγρίας ἄπο made from the wild vine, Aesch.; ἄγρ. ἔλαιον, Soph.
4. of countries, wild, uncultivated, Plat.
5. of men and animals, having qualities incident to a wild state:
6. in moral sense, savage, fierce, Lat. ferus, ferox, Hom., etc.
7. wild, brutal, coarse, boorish, rude, Hom., etc.; ἀγριώτατα ἤθεα Hdt.; ἐς τὸ ἀγριώτερον to harsher measures, Thuc.
8. of things and circumstances, cruel, harsh, Aesch., etc.; νὺξ ἀγριωτέρη more wild, stormy, Hdt.; ἀγρ. νόςος a malignant disease, Soph.
9. adv. -i/ws, savagely, Aesch., etc.: also ἄγρια as neut. pl., Hes., Mosch.
1. a gathering, crowd, Hom.
1. of Place, near, nigh, close by, absol. or c. gen., Hom.; comp. ἄγχιον, ἆςςον: Sup. ἄγχιςτα (v. a)=sson, a)/gxistos).
1. Sup. adj., nearest, Pind., Trag.; γένει ἄγχιςτος πατρός nearest of kin to him, Eur.
2. in Hom. only neut. as adv., ἄγχιςτον or ἄγχιςτα most nearly like, c. gen., Διὸς ἄγχ. next to Zeus, Aesch.; ἄγχ. τοῦ βωμοῦ Hdt.
3. of Time, most lately, but now, most recently, Il., Hdt.
1. to compress, press tight, esp. the throat, to strangle, throttle, choke, ἄγχε μιν ἱμὰς ὑπὸ δειρήν Il.; τὸν Κέρβερον ἀπῇξας ἄγχων Ar.: metaph. of creditors, id=Ar., NTest.; of a guilty conscience, τοῦτο ἄγχει Dem.
1. to lead or carry, to convey, bring, with living creatures as the object, φέρω being used of things, δῶκε δ̆ ἄγειν ἑτάροιςι γυναῖκα, καὶ τρίποδα φέρειν Il. (v. infr. 3); ἄγ. εἰς or πρὸς τόπον; poet. also c. acc. loci, ἄγει Ἀχέροντος ἀκτάν Soph.
2. intr. of soldiers, to march, Xen., etc.; so, ἄγωμεν let us go, NTest.
3. part. ἄγων is used in sense, taking, ςτῆςε δ̆ ἄγων, where we should use two Verbs, took and placed, Hom.
4. to take with one, ἑταίρους id=Hom.
5. to carry off as captives or booty, id=Hom., etc.; mostly in phrase ἄγειν καὶ φέρειν to sweep a country of all its plunder (where φέρειν refers to things, ἄγειν to men and cattle); then c. acc. loci, φέρων καὶ ἄγων τὴν Βιθυνίδα plundering all Bithynia, Xen.; in Pass., ἀγόμεθα, φερόμεθα Eur.
6. ἄγειν εἰς δίκην or δικαςτήριον, ἄγ. ἐπὶ τοὺς δικαςτάς to carry one before a court of justice, Lat. rapere in jus, attic; so, simply ἄγειν, Plat.
7. to fetch, ἄξεθ̆ ὑῶν τὸν ἄριςτον Od.: of things, to bring in, import, οἶνον νῆες ἄγουςι Il.
8. to draw on, bring on, πῆμα τόδ̆ ἤγαγον Οὐρανίωνες id=Il.; Ἰλίῳ φθοράν Aesch.
9. to bear up, φελλοὶ δ̆ ὥς, ἄγουςι δίκτυον id=Aesch.
10. to lead towards a point, lead on, τὸν δ̆ ἄγε μοῖρα κακὴ θανάτοιο τέλοςδε Il.; also, c. inf., ἄγει θανεῖν leads to death, Eur.: —ὁδὸς ἄγει the road leads, εἰς or ἐπὶ τόπον Soph., Plat.
11. metaph. to lead, as a general, Il.; ἄγ. ςτρατιάν, ναῦς, etc., Thuc.; ἄγ. τὴν πολιτείαν to conduct the government, id=Thuc.
12. to bring up, train, educate, Plat.
13. to draw out in length, τεῖχος ἄγειν to draw a line of wall, Lat. ducere, Thuc.:— Pass., ἦκται ἡ διῶρυξ Hdt.; κόλπου ἀγομένου a bay being formed, id=Hdt.
14. to keep in memory, καί μευ κλέος ἦγον Ἀχαιοί Od.
15. like agere, to hold, celebrate, ἑορτήν, τὰ Ὀλύμπια Hdt., etc.
16. also to hold, keep, observe, ςπονδὰς ἄγ. πρός τινας Thuc.; εἰρήνην Plat.: often c. acc., as periphrasis for a Verb, ςχολὴν ἄγειν ͂ ςχολάζειν, Eur.; ἡςυχίαν ἄγ. ͂ ἡςυχάζειν, Xen.
17. to keep, maintain, ἐλευθέραν ἦγε τὴν Ἑλλάδα Dem.
18. of Time, to pass, ποίας ἡμέρας δοκεῖς μ̆ ἄγειν; Soph.
19. like ἡγέομαι, Lat. ducere, to hold, account, reckon, ἐν τιμῇ ἄγειν, ἐν οὐδεμιῇ μοίρῃ, περὶ πλείςτου ἄγειν Hdt.; θεοὺς ἄγειν to believe in gods, Aesch.; τιμιώτερον ἀγ. τινά Thuc.: —so with Adverbs, δυςφόρως ἄγ. to think insufferable, Soph.; ἐντίμως ἄγειν Plat.
20. to weigh so much, ἄγειν μνᾶν, τριακοςίους δαρεικούς to weigh a mina, 300 darics, Dem., where the acc. is the weight which the thing weighs or draws down: cf. ἕλκω.
21. on ἄγε, ἄγετε, v. sub vocc.
22. Mid. ἄγομαι, to carry away for oneself, take with one, χρυςόν τε καὶ ἄργυρον οἴκαδ̆ ἄγεςθαι Od.
23. ἄγεςθαι γυναῖκα, Lat. uxorem ducere, to take to oneself a wife, id=Od.; in full, ἄγ. γυναῖκα ἐς τὰ οἰκία Hdt.; and simply ἄγεςθαι, to marry, Il., etc.;—also of the father, to bring home a wife for his son, Od.
24. διὰ ςτόμα ἄγεςθαι μῦθον to let pass through the mouth, i. e. to utter, Il.
25. ἄγεςθαί τι ἐς χεῖρας to take a thing into one's hands, and so to undertake, Hdt.
1. in Hom. only in fem. and of cattle, unbroken, βοῦν ἀδμήτην, ἢν οὔ πω ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν ἀνήρ Il.; ἵππον ἑξέτε̆ ἀδμήτην id=Il.
2. like ἀδμής, unwedded, of maidens, Hhymn.
1. the innermost sanctuary, Il., etc.
1. a stormy wind, whirlwind, eddy, Hom.; ἄελλαι ἀνέμων id=Hom.
2. metaph. of any whirling motion, ὠκυδρόμοις ἀέλλαις, of an animal, Eur.; ἄςτρων ὑπ̆ ἀέλλαιςι id=Eur.
1. to breathe hard, blow, of winds, Hom.:—Pass. to be beaten by the wind, ὑόμενος καὶ ἀήμενος Od.: metaph., to toss or wave about, as if by the wind, δίχα θυμὸς ἄητο, i. e. was in doubt or fear, Il.
1. unburied, Il., etc.
2. unworthy of burial, Anth.
1. gaining the prize, or running for it (this sense only in epic form) ἵππος ἀεθλίη a race-horse, Theogn.; μῆλον ἀέθλ. the apple of discord, Anth.
2. metaph. struggling, wretched, miserable (this sense only in attic form), of persons Aesch., etc.: comp. -ιώτερος Soph.: Sup. -ιώτατος Eur.:—also of states of life, γάμοι, βίος, τύχη Trag.: —adv. -i/ws, miserably, Soph.
3. in moral sense, pitiful, wretched, Dem.
4. without any moral sense, wretched, sorry, θηρςὶν ἀθλία βορά Eur.:—adv., ἀθλίως καὶ κακῶς with wretched success, Dem.
1. a plaything, toy: a delight, joy, Hom., etc.
1. poet. adj. unknowing, ignorant, Il.; c. gen., Od., etc.
1. not to be seen, unseen.
2. act. unconscious of, c. gen., Eur.
1. a remedy, cure, Pind., Aesch.
1. unlamented, Hom.: (κλαίω):
2. pass. unwept, φίλων by friends, Soph.; ἄκλαυτα τέκνα, i. e. children not liable to death, Eur.
3. act. not weeping, tearless, Od.
4. Soph. = xai/rwn, with impunity.
1. fasting, Il.; c. gen., ἄκμηνος ςίτοιο fasting from food, id=Il.
1. orig. prob. a thunderbolt, ἄκμων οὐρανόθεν κατιών Hes.
2. an anvil, Hom., etc.: metaph., λόγχης ἄκμονες very anvils to bear blows, Aesch.
1. a spouse, wife, Hom., etc.
1. a cure, relief, remedy for a thing, c. gen., Od., etc.:—absol., ἄκος εὑρεῖν Il., Soph.; ἐξευρεῖν, λαβεῖν, ποιεῖςθαι, Hdt., etc.:—by a medical metaph., ἄκος ἐντέμνειν, τέμνειν, cf. ἐντέμνω II.
2. a means of obtaining a thing, c. gen., Eur.
1. without order, disorderly, Aesch.:—in Hom. of Thersites' words, disorderly:— adv. -mws, Hdt., etc.
2. κόςμος ἄκοςμος, a world that is no world, Anth.; also of an inappropriate ornament, id=Anth.
1. a headland, foreland, cape, Hom., etc.
2. a mountain-top, summit: used by Hom. only in the phrase κατ̆ ἄκρης from top to bottom, i. e. utterly, πόλιν αἱρέειν κατ̆ ἄκρης Hdt.; so in attic, κατ̆ ἄκρας utterly, Trag., Plat.
3. the citadel of a city, Lat. arx, Xen.
1. of liquids, unmixed, sheer, of wine, Od.:—esp., οἶνος ἄκρητος wine without water, Lat. merum, Hdt.; and ἄκρατος without (οἶνος), Ar., etc.
2. metaph., ἄκρ. μέλαν pure black, Theophr.; ἄκρατος νύξ sheer night, Aesch.; ἄκρ. νοῦς pure intellect, Xen.
3. of conditions or states, pure, untempered, absolute, ἐλευθερία, ἡδονή Plat.; ἄκρ. ψεῦδος a sheer lie, id=Plat.:—adv. -tws absolutely, Luc.
4. of persons, intemperate, excessive, violent, ἄκρατος ὀργήν Aesch.: so of things we feel, ἄκρ. ὀργή, ἄκρ. καῦμα, etc.
5. comp. ἀκρατέςτερος, Sup. -έςτατος (as if from a)krath/s).
1. a hill-top, Od.
1. undistinguishable, unarranged, disorderly, Hom.; τύμβος ἄκριτος one common undistinguished grave, Il.
2. continual, unceasing, ἄχεα id=Il.; neut. as adv., πενθήμεναι ἄκριτον αἰεί Od.:— ὄρος ἄκρ. a continuous mountain-range, Anth., Babr.
3. undecided, doubtful, νείκεα, ἄεθλος Il.; ἀκρίτων ὄντων while the issue was doubtful, Thuc.:—adv. a)kri/tws, without decisive issue, id=Il.
4. unjudged, untried, of persons and things, ἄκριτόν τινα κτείνειν to put to death without trial, Lat. indicta causa, Hdt., etc.
5. act. not giving a judgment, id=Hdt.: without judgment, ill-judged, rash, Eur.
1. the highest or furthest point:
2. a mountain-top, peak, Hom., etc.
3. a headland, foreland, cape, Od.
4. an end, extremity, Plat.; ἄκρα χειρῶν the hands, Luc.
5. metaph. the highest pitch, height, Pind.; εἰς ἄκρον exceedingly, Theocr.; τὰ ἄκρα τοῖς ἄκροις ἀποδιδόναι the highest place to the highest men, Plat.; ἄκρα φέρεςθαι to win the prize, Theocr.
6. of persons, Ἄργεος ἄκρα the oldest rulers of Argos, id=Theocr.
1. at the furthest point, and so either topmost = Lat. summus, or outermost = Lat. extremus:
2. highest, topmost, ἐν ἄκρηι πόλει ͂ ἐν ἀκροπόλει, Il.; μέλαν ὕδωρ ἄκρον at its surface, id=Il., etc.
3. outermost, ἄκρη χείρ, ἄκροι πόδες, ἄκρος ὦμος the end of the hand, ends of the feet, tip of the shoulder, id=Il., Thuc.; ἐπ̆ ἄκρων [δακτύλων] on tiptoe, Soph.; ἄκροιςι λαίφους κραςπέδοις with the outermost edges of the sail, i. e. under close-reefed sails, Eur.
4. of Time, it denotes completeness, ἄκραι ςὺν ἑςπέραι when eve was fully come, Pind.; ἄκρας νυκτός at dead of night, Soph.
5. of Degree, the highest in its kind, exceeding good, consummate, excellent: of persons, Hdt., etc.; ἄκρος μάντις Soph.:—often with an acc. modi added, ψυχὴν οὐκ ἄκρος not strong in mind, Hdt.; ἄκροι τὰ πολέμια, skilful in war, id=Hdt., etc.; also c. gen. modi, οἱ ἄκροι τῆς ποιήςεως Plat.; also, ἄκρος εἰς or περί τι id=Plat.
6. as Subst., v. a)/kra, a)/kron.
7. neut. as adv. on the top or surface, just, ἄκρον ἐπὶ ῥηγμῖνος on the very edge of the surf, il.
8. exceedingly, Theocr.
9. utterly, completely, Plat.
1. to ward or keep off, τί τινι something from a person, Il., etc.; more rarely τί τινος id=Il.
1. not to be forgotten, insufferable, unceasing, πένθος, ἄχος Hom.: neut. as adv., incessantly, Od.
2. of persons, ἄλαςτε accursed wretch! Il., Soph.
1. pain of body, Il., Soph.
2. pain of mind, grief, distress, Hom.
3. anything that causes pain, Bion., Anth.
1. a cup, goblet, χρύςειον Hom.
1. anointing-oil, unguent, oil, Hom.
2. generally, anything used for smearing, pitch or resin, to seal wine-jars, Hes., Aesch., Theocr., etc.
1. Pass., to become whole and sound, ἄλθετο χείρ (epic 3rd sg. imperf.) Il.
1. only in nom. and acc., a safeguard, defence, c. dat., Τρώεςςιν ἄλκαρ ἔςεςθαι Il.; c. gen. ἄλκαρ Ἀχαιῶν defence of the Achaeans, id=Il.; but, γήραος ἄλκαρ a defence against old age, Hhymn.
1. strong, stout, of men and weapons, Hom.; ἄλκιμος τὰ πολεμικά Hdt.
1. from another place, ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος one from one place, another from another, Il., etc.; ἄλλοθεν from abroad, Od.; οὐδαμόθεν ἄλλοθεν id=Od.
1. alius, another, one besides, ἄλλος μέν . , ἄλλος δέ . , one . , another . , Il.; ἄλλος τις or τὶς ἄλλος, any other, some other; οὐδεὶς ἄλλος no other; εἴ τις ἄλλος, Lat. si quis alius, any one else.
2. repeated, ἄλλος ἄλλο λέγει one man says one thing, one another, i. e. different men say different things; ἄλλος ἄλλῃ ἐτράπετο Xen.; λείπουςι τὸν λόφον ἄλλοι ἄλλοθεν id=Xen.;—v. a)llaxh=.
3. ἄλλος καὶ ἄλλος, one or two; ἄλλο καὶ ἄλλο one thing after another, id=Xen.
4. joined with the Art., ὁ ἄλλος, the other; in pl., οἱ ἄλλοι (ionic ὧλλοι), all the others, the rest; Lat. ceteri; τὰ ἄλλα, contr. τἆλλα or τἄλλα Lat. cetera, reliqua, not alia;— οὕ τε ἄλλοι καὶ . . both all the others and . . , i. e. especially . .
5. with Numerals, yet, still, πέμπτος ποταμὸς ἄλλος yet a fifth river, Hdt.: with a Sup., ὀϊζυρώτατος ἄλλων most wretched of all besides, Od.
6. rarely like ἀλλοῖος, of other sort, different, Il.: hence
7. sometimes like a comp., c. gen., ἄλλα τῶν δικαίων other than just, Xen.; followed by ἤ . . , when a negat. goes before, οὐδὲν ἄλλο, ἤ . . , nothing else than . . , Hdt., etc.
1. at another time, at other times, ἄλλοτε . . , ἄλλοτε . . , at one time . . , at another . . , Hom.; so, ἄλλως ἄλλοτε at one time one way, at another another, Aesch.; ἄλλοτ̆ ἄλληι, ἄλλοθι, ἄλλοςε, etc.
1. elsewhither, ἄλλυδις ἄλλος one hither, another thither, Hom.; ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ changes now one way, now another, Il.
1. in another way or manner, otherwise, Hom., etc.: in attic, ἄλλως πως in some other way; ἄλλως οὐδαμῶς in no other wise; καὶ ἄλλως and besides; ἀρίςτου καὶ ἄλλως φρονιμωτάτου Plat.
2. ἄλλως τε καί . . , both otherwise and so, . . , i. e. especially, attic, etc.
3. otherwise, differently, ἄλλως εἶπαι to say otherwise, i. e. to deny, Hdt.
4. in far other manner, i. e. better, Hom., etc.
5. otherwise than should be, i. e. without aim or purpose, without reason, Od., Hdt., etc.:—also fruitlessly, in vain, Il.
1. of Place,
2. in another place, elsewhere, Hom., etc.: —c. gen. loci, ἄλλος ἄλλῃ τῆς πόλεως one in one part of the city, one in another, Thuc.
3. to another place, elsewhither, Hom., etc.
4. of Manner, in another way, somehow else, otherwise, id=Hom., etc.; ἄλλῃ γέ πῃ Plat.; ἄλλῃ πως Xen.
1. a bedfellow, spouse, wife, Hom., Trag.
1. a glade or grove, Lat. saltus, Hom.; grove, Od., Hdt., etc.
1. not to be loosed, indissoluble, Hom., etc.:—continuous, ceaseless, κύκλος Pind.
1. peeled or pearl-barley; sg. only in phrase ἀλφίτου ἀκτή, barley-meal, Lat. polenta, Hom.: in pl. ἄλφιτα, barley-groats, barley-meal, opp. to ἄλευρα, Hom., attic
2. metaph. one's daily bread, Ar.; πατρῶια ἄλφ. one's patrimony, id=Ar.
1. sandy soil, opp. to sea-sand (ψάμαθος), Il.; in pl. the links or dunes by the sea, Hhymn.
1. a wagon, wain, opp. to the war-chariot (ἅρμα), Lat. plaustrum, Hom.
2. c. gen. a wagon-load of, πετρῶν, ςίτου Xen.
3. the carriage of the plough, Lat. currus, Hes.:—Charles' wain in the heavens, the Great Bear (ἄρκτος), Hom.
4. = a(macito/s, Anth.
1. immortal, divine, Hom., Aesch.
2. νὺξ ἄμβροτος, like ἀμβροςίη νύξ, Od.;— then of all things belonging to the gods, Hom.
1. a reaping, harvesting, Il. (metaph. of slaughter).
2. harvest, harvest time, Hes., Hdt.
3. the crop or harvest reaped, Lat. seges, Anth.
1. without share of a thing, c. gen., Il., Soph.:—free from, without, ὠδίνων Anth.
2. absol. unhappy, Il.
1. a woman's head-band, snood, Il., etc.
2. anything circular, a wheel, Soph.
1. of Time, together, at the same time, Od.
2. of Place, together, all together, Il.
1. Lat. ambo, both, Hom., etc.
1. without strength, impotent, feeble, of unwarlike persons, Hom., Aesch., etc.
1. up-hill, Il.
1. a lord, master, being applied to the gods, esp. to Apollo and Zeus, Hom.; to the latter in voc., Ζεῦ ἄνα Il.
2. among the Homeric heroes Agamemnon is ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν; but ἄναξ is a title given to all men of rank and note, as to Teiresias, Od.; βαςιλεὺς ἄναξ lord king, id=Od.
3. the master of the house, esp. as denoting the relation of master to slave, id=Od.
4. metaph., κώπης, ναῶν ἄνακτες lords of the oar, of ships, Aesch.; ἄν. ὅπλων Eur.
1. without head or chief, Il., Eur.: τὸ ἄναρχον ͂ ἀναρχία, Aesch.
1. a queen, lady, mistress, addressed to goddesses, Od., Aesch.; also to a mortal, Od., Trag.
2. generally, like ἄναξ IV, ἄναςςα ὀργίων Ar.
1. asunder, in twain, Il.
1. to go up, Hom., etc.; ἅμ̆ ἠελίωι ἀνιόντι at sun- rise, Il.
2. to sail up, i. e. out to sea, Od.
3. to go up inland, esp. into Central Asia, Plat.
4. to approach, esp. as a suppliant, Il.
5. to go back, go home, return, Od., Hdt., etc.
1. wind, Hom., etc.; ἀνέμου κατιόντος a squall having come on, Thuc.; ἄν. κατὰ βορέαν ἑςτηκώς the wind being settled in the north, id=Thuc.; ἀνέμοις φέρεςθαι παραδοῦναί τι to cast a thing to the winds, Lat. ventis tradere, Eur.:—Hom. and Hes. mention only four winds, Boreas, Eurus, Notus (or Argestes), Zephyrus; Arist. gives twelve, which served as points of the compass.
1. prep. c. gen. without, οὐκ ἄνευ θεῶν, Lat. non sine Diis, not without divine aid, Od.; ἄνευ ἐμέθεν without my knowledge, Il.; ἄνευ πολιτῶν without their consent, Aesch.
2. away from, far from, ἄνευ δηί̈ων Il.
3. in Prose, except, besides, like χωρίς, Xen.
1. prep. c. gen., without, Hom.
2. away from, Il.
3. adv. far away, distant, Hom.
1. without a sound, in silence, in Od. certainly an Adv.; in other places it may be nom. pl. ἄνεωι, from a)/n-ews = a)/n-auos
1. man, Lat. homo (not vir), opp. to gods, ἀθανάτων τε θεῶν, χαμαὶ ἐρχομένων τ̆ ἀνθρώπων Il.
2. with or without the Art. to denote man generally, Plat., etc.
3. in pl. mankind, ἀνθρώπων, ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ γυναικῶν Il.; ὁ ἄριςτος ἐν ἀνθρώποις ὄρτυξ the best quail in the world, Plat.; μάλιςτα, ἥκιςτα ἀνθρώπων most, least of all, Hdt., etc.
4. with another Subst., to give it a contemptuous sense, ἄνθρ. ὑπογραμματεύς, ςυκοφάντης, Oratt.; so homo histrio Cic.:—so, ἄνθρωπος or ὁ ἄνθρωπος was used alone, the man, the fellow, Plat.:— also in vocat. it was addressed contemptuously to slaves, ἄνθρωπε or ὦ ̆νθρωπε, sirrah! you sir! Hdt., Plat.
5. fem. (as homo also is fem.), a woman, Hdt., etc.; with a sense of pity, Dem.
1. unwashen, Il.
2. not to be washed out, Aesch.
1. without understanding, foolish, silly, Il., Soph., etc.:—comp. ἀνούςτερος, Aesch.
1. over against, face to face, ἄντα μάχεςθαι to fight man to man; ἄντα ἰδεῖν to look before one; θεοῖς ἄντα ἐώικει was like the gods to look at, Hom.; ἄντα τιτύςκεςθαι to aim straight at them, Od.
2. as prep. with gen., over against, Hom.; ἄντα παρειάων before her cheeks; ἄντ̆ ὀφθαλμοῖϊν Od.; ἄντα ςέθεν before thee, id=Od.
3. in hostile sense, against, Διὸς ἄντα Il.
1. against, over against, ἄντην ςτήςομαι I will confront him, Il.; ὁμοιωθήμεναι ἄντην to match himself against me, Hom.; ἄντην ἔρχεςθαι to go straight forwards, Il.; ἄντην βάλλεςθαι to be struck in front, id=Il.; ἄντην εἰςιδέειν to look him in the face, id=Il.; ἄντην λόεςθαι to bathe before all, Od.; θεῶι ἐναλίγκιος ἄντην like a god in presence, id=Od.
1. paid back, requited, avenged: ἄντιτα ἔργα the work of revenge or retribution, Od.; παιδός for her son, Il.
1. =a)nta/w to meet, in battle, c. dat., Il.:—absol., διπλόος ἤντετο θώρηξ the breastplate doubled (by the belt) met or stopped (the dart), id=Il.
2. = a)ntia/zw 1. 2, c. acc. pers. to approach with prayers, entreat, Soph., Eur.
1. like ἴτυς, the edge or rim of anything round or curved:
2. the rim of the round shield, Il.
3. the rail round the front of the chariot, the chariot-rail, id=Il.; sometimes double, and therefore ἄντυγες in pl., id=Il., Soph.
4. post-Hom.,
5. in pl. the chariot itself, Soph., Eur.
6. the frame of the lyre, Eur.
7. the orbit of a planet, Hhymn.; the disk of the moon, Mosch.
1. accomplishment, Hom.
1. implying Motion,
2. up, upwards, Hom., etc.; ἄνω ἰόντι going up the country, (i.e. inland), Hdt.
3. implying Rest, up, aloft, on high, Soph., Plat., etc.
4. on earth, as opp. to the world below, Soph.; οἱ ἄνω the living, opp. to οἱ κάτω the dead, id=Soph.
5. in heaven, as opp. to earth, οἱ ἄνω θεοί the gods above, Lat. superi, id=Soph.
6. generally of position, ἄνω καθῆςθαι to sit in the upper quarter of the city, i. e. the Pnyx, Dem.; ἡ ἄνω βουλή, i. e. the Areopagus, Plut.
7. geographically, on the north, northward, Hdt.
8. inward from the coast, id=Hdt., Xen.; ὁ ἄνω βαςιλεύς the king of Persia, Hdt.
9. of Time, formerly, of old, Plat., etc.
10. above, like Lat. supra, in referring to a passage, id=Plat.
11. of tones in the voice, Plut.
12. ἄνω καὶ κάτω, up and down, to and fro, Eur., Ar., etc.
13. upside down, topsy-turvy, Lat. susque deque, τὰ μὲν ἄνω κάτω θήςω, τὰ δὲ κάτω ἄνω Hdt.; ἄνω τε καὶ κάτω ςτρέφων Aesch., etc.
14. as prep. with gen. above, Hdt.
15. comp. ἀνωτέρω, absol. higher, Aesch.; further, Hdt.
16. c. gen. above, beyond, id=Hdt.
17. Sup. ἀνωτάτω highest, id=Hdt., etc.
1. to command, order, also to advise, desire, urge:— c. acc. pers. et inf., ςιωπᾶν λαὸν ἀνώγει bade the people keep silence, Il.; also c. dat. pers., Od.; c. acc. pers., without inf., θυμὸς ἄνωγέ με my spirit bids me, Hom.
1. weighing as much, of like value, worth as much as, c. gen., Il., Hdt.; οὐδ̆ ἑνὸς ἄξιοί εἰμεν Ἕκτορος we are not worth one Hector, Il.; πάντων ἄξιον ἦμαρ, Lat. instar omnium, id=Il.; πολλοῦ ἄξιος worth much, Xen.; πλείςτου ἄξιον, quantivis pretii, Thuc.; so, παντός, τοῦ παντὸς ἄξιον Plat.; λόγου ἄξιος, ͂ ἀξιόλογος, Hdt., etc.:—opp. to these are οὐδενὸς ἄξ. Theogn.; ὀλίγου, ςμικροῦ ἄξ. Plat., etc.
2. c. dat. pers., ςοὶ δ̆ ἄξιόν ἐςτιν ἀμοιβῆς ̆tis worth a return to thee, i. e. will bring thee a return, Od.; πολλοῦ or πλείςτου ἄξιον εἶναί τινι Xen., etc.
3. absol. worthy, goodly, of persons and things, Od., etc.; in attic it sometimes has an opposite sense, of a proper value, cheap, Ar.
4. of things, deserved, meet, due, δίκη Soph.; χάρις Xen.
5. sufficient for, c. gen., Dem.
6. worthy of, deserving, meet for, c. gen. rei, φυγῆς, γέλωτος Eur.; c. gen. pers., ποιεῖν ἄξια οὔτε ὑμῶν οὔτε πατέρων Thuc.:—c. gen. rei et dat. pers., ἡμῖν δ̆ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἄξιος τιμῆς is worthy of honour at our hands, Eur.; πολλῶν ἀγαθῶν ἄξιος ὑμῖν Ar.
7. c. inf., πεφάςθαι ἄξιος worthy to be killed, Il.; ἄξιός εἰμι πληγὰς λαβεῖν I deserve a flogging, Ar.
8. ἄξιόν [ἐςτι] ̆tis meet, fit, due, Il., Hdt.; c. dat. pers. et inf., τῆι πόλει ἄξιον ξυλλαβεῖν τὸν ἄνδρα ̆tis meet for the city, is her duty, to arrest the man, Ar.:—the inf. is sometimes omitted, ἄξιον γὰρ Ἑλλάδι ̆tis meet in the eyes of Hellas [so to do], id=Ar.
9. adv. a)ci/ws, c. gen., worthily of, Hdt.:—absol., Soph.
1. with no timber, timberless, ἄξυλος ὕλη a coppice, brushwood, Il.:—others take it to be a wood from which no timber has been cut, a thick wood.
2. without wood, Hdt.
1. an axle, Lat. axis, Il., etc.
2. οἱ ἄξονες, the wooden tablets of Solon's laws, made to turn upon an axis, Plut.
1. a hanger, sword, Hom.: he also uses a masc. acc. pl., ἄορας.
1. unwounded, unhurt, Il.
1. not having eaten, fasting, Il.: c. gen., ἄπαςτος ἐδητύος ἠδὲ ποτῆτος without having tasted meat or drink, Od.
1. to go away, depart, Od., etc.; οὐκ ἄπει; ͂ ἄπιθι, be gone, Soph.; ἀπ. πάλιν to return, Xen.; ἄπιτε ἐς ὑμέτερα return to your homes, Hdt.; ἄπιμεν οἴκαδε Ar.; ἐπ̆ οἴκου Thuc. —of the Nile, to recede, Hdt.; ἀπ. ἐπί τι to go in quest of a thing, Xen.
1. far away, far off, distant, ἐξ ἀπίης γαίης Hom.
2. Ἄπιος, η, ον, Apian, i. e. Peloponnesian (said to be derived from *)=apis, a king of Argos), Ἀπία γῆ, Ἀπία χθών, or Ἀπία alone, the Peloponnese, esp. Argolis, Aesch., Soph.; so Ἀπίς, ίδος, ἡ, Theocr.
1. pass. not to be trusted, and so,
2. of persons and their acts, not trusty, distrusted, faithless, Il., etc.; θράςος ἄπ. groundless confidence, Thuc.
3. of reports and the like, incredible, Hdt., Aesch.; τὸ ἐλπίδων ἄπιςτον what one cannot believe even in hope, Soph.
4. act. not believing or trusting, mistrustful, incredulous, suspicious, Od.; ἀπιςτότερος less credulous, Hdt.; ἄπιςτος πρὸς Φίλιππον distrustful towards him, Dem.; ἄπιςτος ςαυτῶι not believing what you say yourself, Plat.; τὸ ἀπ. ͂ ἀπιςτία, Thuc.:—in NTest., unbelieving, an unbeliever,
5. not obeying, disobeying, c. gen., Aesch.
6. adv. a)pi/stws,
7. pass. beyond belief, Thuc.
8. act. distrustfully, suspiciously, id=Thuc.
1. a ransom or price paid, whether to recover freedom or to save one's life or to redeem the corpse of a friend, Il.; c. gen., ἄποινα κούρης, υἷος ransom for them, id=Il.
2. generally, compensation, requital, recompense for a thing, c. gen., Aesch., Eur.
1. unhappy, ill-starred, Hom., Aesch., Eur.: —comp. -ότερος; Sup. -ότατος, Od.
1. act. doing nothing, ineffectual, unprofitable, Il., Dem.
2. of persons, without success, unsuccessful, ἄπρηκτος νέεςθαι, Lat. re infecta, Il.; and in Prose, ἄπρ. ἀπιέναι, ἀπελθεῖν, ἀποχωρεῖν Thuc.; ἄπρ. γίγνεςθαι to gain nothing, id=Thuc.; ἄπρακτον ἀποπέμπειν τινά id=Thuc.:—adv. -tws, unsuccessfully, id=Thuc.
3. pass. against which nothing can be done, impracticable, Od.
4. not to be done, impossible, Theogn.
5. not done, left undone, Xen.
6. c. gen., μαντικῆς ἄπρακτος ὑμῖν unassailed by your divining arts, Soph.
1. without fire, of pans and tripods, that have not yet been on the fire, fire-new, brand-new, Il.: — without fire, i. e. cold, cheerless, οἶκος Hes.:— ἄπ. χρυςίον unsmelted, Hdt.:— ἄπυρα ἱερά sacrifices in which no fire was used, Pind.; but in Aesch. sacrifices without fire, i. e. that will not burn, or unoffered, neglected:— ἄπ. ἄρδις an arrow-point not forged in fire, i. e. the sting of the gad-fly, Aesch.
1. a gnashing or chattering of teeth, Il.
1. white metal, i. e. silver, Hom., etc.
2. silver-money, money, like ἀργύριον, Soph.
1. = a)rgu/feos, silver-white, Hom.
1. devoted to Ares, warlike, martial, Lat. Mavortius, Il., Hdt.
2. Ἄρειος πάγος, ὁ, the hill of Ares, Mars-hill, over against the west side of the Acropolis at Athens, Ἀρήϊος π Hdt.; also Ἄρεος πάγος (where Ἄρεος is gen. of Ἄρης), Soph., Eur. On it was held the highest judicial court, which took cognisance of murder and other capital crimes, Dem.
1. the morning meal, breakfast, taken at sunrise, Hom., Hdt.; ἄριςτα, δεῖπνα, δόρπα θ̆ αἱρεῖςθαι τρίτον Aesch.:—later, ἄριςτον was the mid-day meal, Roman prandium, Thuc.
1. best in its kind, serving as Sup. to ἀγαθός (cf. ἀρείων):
2. best, noblest, bravest, Il.; βουλῆι, ἔγχεςιν ἄριςτος Hom.; εἶδος ἄριςτος Il.:—c. inf. ἄριςτοι μάχεςθαι Xen.; ἄρ. διαβολὰς ἐνδέκεςθαι readiest to give ear to calumnies, Hdt.; ἄρ. ἀπατᾶςθαι best, i. e. easiest, to cheat, Thuc.
3. best, most virtuous, Eur.
4. of animals and things, best, finest, Hom.
5. neut. pl. as adv. a)/rista, best, most excellently, id=Hom., Hdt.
1. a bear, Od., etc.
2. ἄρκτος, ἡ, the constellation Ursa Major, also called ἅμαξα, the Wain, (the star just behind is called Ἀρκτοῦρος the Bearward, or Βοώτης the Wagoner), Hom., etc.
3. the region of the bear, the North, sg., Hdt., Eur.
1. to receive for oneself, reap, win, gain, earn, esp. of honour or reward, Hom., attic:—rarely in bad sense, ἀρνύμενος λώβαν, perh. taking vengeance for my injuries, Eur.
1. arable land, corn-land, Lat. arvum, Hom.
1. a plough, Lat. aratrum, Hom., etc.
1. tilled or arable land, seed-land, cornland, Lat. arvum, and in pl. corn-lands, fields, Il.: then, generally, land, earth, id=Il.; πατρὶς ἄρουρα father land, Od.
2. metaph. of a woman as bearing children, Aesch., Soph.
3. a measure of land in Egypt, nearly = the Roman jugerum, Hdt.
1. unbroken, not to be broken, Hom., Hdt., Aesch., etc.: unwearied, Il.
1. male, Lat. mas, Il., etc.; ἄρρην, ὁ, or ἄρρεν, the male, Aesch.; οἱ ἄρςενες the male sex, Thuc.
2. masculine, strong, Eur.: metaph. mighty, κτύπος ἄρςην πόντου Soph.
3. of the gender of nouns, masculine, ὀνόματα Ar.
1. complete, perfect of its kind, suitable, exactly fitted; ἄρτια βάζειν to speak to the purpose (cf. ἀρτιεπής), Hom.; ἄρτια ᾔδη thought things agreeable, was of the same mind, id=Hom.:— meet, right, proper, Solon, Theogn.
2. c. inf. prepared, ready, to do a thing, Hdt.
3. of numbers, perfect, i. e. even, opp. to περιςςός (odd), Plat., etc.
4. adv. a)rti/ws, just, now first, like ἄρτι, used by Soph. both of present time with pres. and perf.; and of past with imperf. and aor.
1. in pass. sense:— to be first,
2. of Time, to begin, make a beginning, both in Act. and Mid.:
3. c. gen. to make a beginning of, πολέμοιο, μάχης, etc., Hom.; so Hdt. and attic:—Mid. also in a religious sense, like ἀπάρχεςθαι, ἀρχόμενος μελέων beginning the sacrifice with the limbs, Od.; ἄρχειν ςπονδῶν Thuc.
4. c. gen. also to begin from or with, ἐν ςοὶ μὲν λήξω ςέο δ̆ ἄρξομαι Il.; so, ἄρχεςθαι ἔκ τινος Od.; ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ παιδίων even from boyhood, Hdt.
5. c. gen. rei et dat. pers., ἄρχ. θεοῖς δαιτός to make preparations for a banquet to the gods, Il.; τοῖςι δὲ μύθων ἦρχε id=Il., etc.
6. c. acc., ἄρχειν ὁδόν τινι, like Lat. praeire viam alicui, to shew him the way, Od.; absol. (sub. ὁδόν), to lead the way, Hom.; then generally ἄρχειν τι Aesch., Soph.
7. c. inf. to begin to do a thing, Hom., etc.; c. part. of continued action or condition, ἦρχον χαλεπαίνων Il.; ἄρχ. διδάςκων Xen.
8. absol., ἄρχε begin! Hom.; ἄρχει ἡ ἐκεχειρία Thuc.; ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένωι, θέρους ἀρχομένου id=Thuc.
9. of Authority, to lead, rule, govern, only in Act.:
10. c. gen. to rule, be leader of . . , τινός Hom., attic
11. c. dat. to rule over, Hom., Aesch.
12. absol. to rule, govern, id=Aesch.: esp. to hold a subordinate office, ὁκοῖον εἴη ἄρχειν μετὰ τὸ βαςιλεύειν Hdt.:—at Athens, to be archon, Dem.; cf. ἄρχων.
13. Pass. to be ruled, governed, Hdt., attic; οἱ ἀρχόμενοι subjects, Xen.
1. unquenchable, inextinguishable, of fire, Il.; of laughter, etc., Hom.; ἄςβ. πόρος ὠκεανοῦ ocean's ceaseless flow, Aesch.
2. as Subst., ἄςβεςτος (sc. τίτανος), unslaked lime, Plut.
1. slime, mud, such as a river brings down, Il.
1. well-pleased, glad, always with a Verb, φύγεν ἄςμενος he escaped gladly or he was glad to have escaped, Hom., etc.; ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀςμένωι εἴη glad would it make me! Il.; ἀςμένωι δέ ςοι νὺξ ἀποκρύψει φάος glad wilt thou be when night shuts out the light, Aesch.: —adv. a)sme/nws, gladly, readily, id=Aesch., Eur.: Sup. ἀςμεναίτατα, -έςτατα, Plat.
1. without seed or posterity, Il.
1. unspeakable, unutterable, unspeakably great, Hom.:—neut. as adv. unspeakably, Il.
1. an ear of corn, Il., Hdt.
1. mostly in pl. the stars, Hom., attic; in sg., mostly of Sirius, Xen., etc.; cf. ἀςτήρ.
1. a city, town, Hom., etc.; Σούςων ἄ. the town of Susa, Aesch.; ἄ. Θήβης Soph.
2. the Athenians called Athens Ἄςτυ, as the Romans called Rome Urbs, mostly without the Art. (as we speak of "being in town, " "going to town"), Ar.
1. into, to, or towards the city, Hom.
1. not to beheld in or checked, irrepressible, ungovernable, Hom.
1. without, Hom.; ἄτερ Ζηνός without his will, Il.
2. aloof or apart from, id=Il., Trag.
1. bewilderment, infatuation, reckless impulse, caused by judicial blindness sent by the gods, Hom.:—hence Ἄτη is personified as the goddess of mischief or reckless conduct, Ἄτη, ἣ πάντας ἀᾶται Il.: the Λιταί come slowly after her, undoing the evil she has worked, id=Il.
2. as a consequence,
3. reckless guilt or sin, as that of Paris, id=Il.
4. bane, ruin, Hom., Trag.:—of persons, a bane, pest, Aesch., Soph.
1. unhonoured, dishonoured, Il., Trag.; comp. ἀτιμότερος less honourable, Xen.; c. gen. without the honour of . . , not deemed worthy of . . , Aesch.; also, χάρις οὐκ ἄτιμος πόνων no unworthy return for . . , id=Aesch.
2. at Athens, deprived of privileges, Lat. capite deminutus, opp. to ἐπίτιμος, Ar., etc.; also c. gen., ἄτ. γερῶν deprived of privileges, Thuc.; ἄτ. τοῦ ςυμβουλεύειν deprived of the right of advising, Dem.
3. （τιμή II) without price or value, οἶκον ἄτιμον ἔδεις thou devourest his substance without payment made, Od.
4. unrevenged, Aesch.
5. adv. -mws, dishonourably, ignominiously, id=Aesch., Soph.
1. unhonoured, unavenged, Il.
2. unpaid, id=Il. [where ι_].
1. not to be borne, insufferable, Il., Orac. ap. Hdt., Soph.
2. not to be dared, ἄτλητα τλᾶςα Aesch.
3. act. incapable of bearing a thing, c. gen., Anth.
1. intrepid, dauntless, Il.
1. sleepless, wakeful, of persons, Od., attic: metaph. sleepless, never-resting, πηδάλια Aesch.; κρῆναι Soph.
2. of sleepless nights, Hom.
3. ὕπνος ἄϋπνος a sleep that is no sleep, from which one easily awakes, Soph.
1. without the φάλος or boss, in which the plume was fixed, Il.
1. made invisible, blotted out, forgotten, Il.: hidden, Aesch., Soph.; ἀφ. βῆναι, οἴχεςθαι, ἔρρειν, ͂ ἀφανιςθῆναι, to disappear, Trag.
2. in secret, Pind.
3. obscure, id=Pind.
1. straightway, forthwith, at once, quickly, presently, Hom., Trag.
2. thereupon, after that, Hom.
3. in Theogn. as adj. swift, fleet (cf. ἀφάρτερος).
1. riches, wealth, plenty, Il., Theogn.
1. to sit apart.
1. not liable to perish, imperishable, Hom., Trag.: of persons, immortal, Hhymn.
1. Lat. aplustre, the curved stern of a ship with its ornaments, Il., Hdt.
1. without sense, of statues, Xen.:— crazed, frantic, or silly, foolish, Hom., attic: τὸ ἄφρον ͂ ἀφροςύνη, Thuc. adv. a)fro/nws, senselessly, Soph.
1. leafless, of dry wood, Il.; ἄφ. ςτόμα words not seconded by the suppliant's olivebranch, Eur.
2. act. stripping off the leaves, blighting, Aesch.
1. to be loaded, νηῦς ἤχθετο Od.
2. of mental oppression, to be weighed down, vexed, annoyed, grieved, Hom.; τινι at a thing, or with a person, Hdt., etc.; so, ἐπί τινι Xen.; περί τινος Hdt.; ὑπέρ τινος Plat.:—also c. acc., ἄχθομαι ἕλκος Il.;—also c. part., either of subject, as ἄχθομαι ἰδών Soph.; or of object, ἤχθετο δαμναμένους at their being conquered, Il.; but the object is also in gen., οὐδὲν ἤχθετο αὐτῶν πολεμούντων he had no objection to going to war, Xen.
1. a weight, burden, load, Hom.; ἄχθος ἀρούρης a dead weight on earth, cumberers of the ground, id=Hom.
2. a load of grief, grief, trouble, distress, sorrow, Trag.
1. anything that comes off the surface:
2. foam, froth, of the sea, Od.; of wine, Eur.; ἄχνη οὐρανία the dew of heaven, Soph.; δακρύων ἄχνη dewy tears, id=Soph.
3. of solids, the chaff that flies off in winnowing, in pl., Il.; the down on fruits, Anth.
4. ἄχνην in acc. as adv., a morsel, the least bit, Ar.
1. pain, distress, Hom., Pind., attic Poets.
1. adv. to the uttermost, utterly, Il.
2. after Hom., before Preps., ἄχρι εἰς . . ἄχρι πρὸς . . , Lat. usque ad . . , Xen., Luc.
3. prep. with gen. even to, as far as:
4. of Time, until, ἄχρι μάλα κνέφαος until deep in the night, Od.; ἄχρι τῆς ἡμέρας Dem.
5. of Space, as far as, even to, ἄχρι τῆς ἐςόδου Hdt.
6. of Degree, ἄχρι τούτου up to this point, Dem.; ἄχρι τοῦ μὴ πεινᾶν Xen.
7. as Conj., ἄχρι οὗ or ἄχρι alone:
8. of Time, Lat donec, until, so long as, ἄχρι οὗ ὅδε ὁ λόγος ἐγράφετο id=Xen.; ἄχρι ἄν with Subj., ἄχρι ἂν ςχολάςηι till he should be at leisure, id=Xen.
9. of Space, so far as, id=Xen., Luc.
1. of Place, backwards, back, back again, Hom.
2. of actions, again, in return, id=Hom.; so, ἂψ αὖτις, ἂψ πάλιν, yet again, Il.
1. going back, backwards, Il., Soph.:—neut. ἄψορρον as adv., backward, back again, Il., Aesch., Soph.
1. trans. to satiate, αἵματος ἆςαι Ἀρῆα to give him his fill of blood, Il.
2. intr. to take one's fill of a thing, c. gen., χροὸς ἄμεναι, χροὸς ἆςαι Ib; so in Mid., ἄςεςθε κλαυθμοῖο, ποτῆτος ἄςαςθαι id=Il.
1. fine wool, flock, οἰὸς ἄωτον, or without οἰός, the sheep's finest wool, Hom.; λίνοιο λεπτὸν ἄωτον the delicate flock of flax, i. e. the finest linen, Il.
2. metaph. the finest, best of its kind, the flower of a thing, ἄωτος ζωᾶς the flower of life, Pind.; Χαρίτων ἄωτος their choisest gift, id=Pind.
1. adv., Lat. satis, to one's fill, ἔδμεναι ἄδην to eat their fill, Il.
2. c. gen., οἵ μιν ἄδην ἐλόωςι πολέμοιο who may drive him to satiety of war, id=Il.; ἅδην ἔλειξεν αἵματος licked his fill of blood, Aesch.; καὶ τούτων μὲν ἅδην enough of this, Plat.; c. part., ἄδην εἶχον κτείνοντες Hdt.
1. to stand in awe of, dread, esp. the gods and one's parents, Hom.; followed by inf., to shrink from doing, id=Hom.; also ἅζομαι μὴ . . , Il.
2. absol. in part. awe-struck, Od., Soph.
1. adverb of ἅλς, to or into the sea, Il., etc.; also, εἰς ἅλαδε Od.
1. fruitless, unprofitable, vain, idle, Hom.: neut. ἅλιον as adv., in vain, Il.; regul. adv. a(li/ws, Soph.
1. in heaps, crowds, swarms, in abundance, in plenty; and then, sufficiently, enough, Lat. satis:
2. with Verbs, ἅλις πεποτήαται [μέλιςςαι] Il.; περὶ δὲ Τρωαὶ ἅλις ἦςαν fly in swarms, id=Il.:—also just enough, in moderation, like μετρίως, Eur.
3. attached to a Noun, χαλκόν τε χρυςόν τε ἅλις gold and silver enough, Od.
4. ἅλις (sc. ἐςτι) 'tis enough, Il.; ἢ οὐχ ἅλις, ὡς . . ; is it not enough that . . ? Hom.
5. like an adj., ἅλις ἡ ςυμφορά (sc. ἐςτι) Eur.:—also, ἅλις (sc. εἰμί) with a part. added, ἅλις νοςοῦς̆ ἐγώ enough that I suffer, Soph.
6. c. gen. rei, enough of a thing, ἅλις ἔχειν τινός Hdt., attic
1. to spring, leap, bound, of living beings, Hom., etc.:—metaph. of things, ἆλτο ὀϊςτός Il.; the eye, to throb, Theocr.
1. at once, at the same time, Hom., etc.
2. prep. c. dat. at the same time with, together with, ἅμ̆ ἠοῖ at dawn, Il.; ἅμα ἕῳ, ἅμα ἕῳ γιγνομένῃ Thuc.
1. quite all, the whole, and in pl. all together, Hom., etc.
2. with an Adj., ἀργύρεος ἅπας all silver, i.e. of massive silver, Od.; ἅπαν κακόν altogether evil, Ar.
3. in sing., like πᾶς, everyone, Lat. unusquisque, πᾶν everything, unumquodque, Hdt., Attic
1. to fasten, bind fast, Od., Eur.: Mid. to fasten for oneself, Od., Eur.
2. to join, χορόν Aesch.; πάλην τινὶ ἅπτειν to fasten a contest in wrestling on one, engage with one, id=Aesch.
3. Mid. to fasten oneself to, cling to, hang on by, lay hold of, grasp, touch, c. gen., ἅψαςθαι γούνων, as a suppliant, Od.; so, ἅψ. γενείου id=Od.; ἅπτεςθαι νηῶν Il., etc.:—absol. to reach the mark, id=Il.
4. to engage in, take part in, c. gen., βουλευμάτων Soph.; πολέμου Thuc.; ἡμμένος φόνου engaged in . . , Plat.;—but, ἅπτεςθαι τῶν λόγων to lay hold of, dispute the argument of another, id=Plat.; τούτων ἥψατο touched on these points, Thuc.
5. to set upon, attack, assail, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
6. to touch, affect, ἄλγος οὐδὲν ἅπτεται νεκρῶν Aesch., etc.
7. to grasp with the senses, apprehend, perceive, Soph., Plat.
8. to come up to, reach, gain, Plat., Xen.
9. Act., also, to kindle, set on fire, Hdt., Thuc.:— Pass., with fut. mid. to be set on fire, catch fire, Od., Hdt.
10. ἅπτειν πῦρ to light a fire, Eur.:—Pass., ἄνθρακες ἡμμένοι red-hot embers, Thuc.
1. a chariot, esp. a war-chariot, with two wheels, Hom.; often in pl. for sg., Il., Trag.
2. chariot and horses, the yoked chariot, id=Trag.: also the team, the horses, Eur., Ar.
1. a bird of prey, a kite, Il.
2. a sickle, = dre/panon, Hes.
1. exclamation, like Latin and English ah! ἆ δειλέ, ἆ δειλώ, ἆ δειλοί, Hom.; doubled ἆ ἆ Aesch.
1. the prize of contest, Hom., etc.; ἄεθλα κεῖται or πρόκειται prizes are proposed, Hdt.; ἆθλα προφαίνειν, προτιθέναι, τιθέναι to propose prizes, Xen.; ἆθλα λαμβάνειν or φέρεςθαι to win prizes, Plat.; ἆθλα πολέμου, τῆς ἀρετῆς Dem.
2. = a)=qlos, a contest, Od.:—metaph. a conflict, struggle, Aesch., Soph.
1. a contest for a prize, Hom., etc.; ἄεθλος πρόκειται a task is set one, Hdt.; ἄεθλον προτιθέναι to set it, id=Hdt.;—metaph. a conflict, struggle, Aesch.
1. particle introducing a question
2. interrog. Particle, in accent and sense a stronger form of ἄρα:
3. when it stands alone it usually expects a negative answer, like Lat. num? attic; so ἆρα μή; num vero? Aesch.:—for an affirmative answer, ἆρ̆ οὐ; ἆρ̆ οὐχί; nonne vero? is used, Soph., etc.
4. in prose, ἆρα almost always stands first in the sentence.
1. short breath, panting, from toil, Il., Aesch.
2. generally, a breath, breathing, Mosch.: a blast, Anth.
1. nearer, very near, Hom.: c. gen., ἆςςον ἐμεῖο nearer to me, Il.; with a double comp., μᾶλλον ἆςςον Soph.:—hence, as a new comp., ἀςςοτέρω, with or without gen., Od.; Sup. ἀςςοτάτω, Anth.; whence adj. ἀςςότατος id=Anth.
1. from Abydos, Il.
1. at Abydos, Il.
1. the very steadfast, name of the leader of the Greeks against Troy, Hom.
1. of or having to do with Agamemnon, Hom., Pind., Aesch.
1. Aesch., the Inevitable.
1. Athena, goddess of wisdom, warlike prowess, and skill in the arts, often called Παλλὰς Ἀθήνη.
1. Athenian, of or from Athens, Il., etc
1. the city of Athens, used in pl., because it consisted of several parts (cf. Θῆβαι, Μυκῆναι, Hom., etc.; the sg. (like Θήβη) Od.
1. unsettled, vagabond, Ar.; δρόμοις ἀν. in vagabond courses, Eur.
1. name of Athena, prob. from a)lalkei=n, the Protectress, Il.
1. mostly in pl. Ἀμάζονες, αἱ, the Amazons, a warlike race of women in Scythia, Il., Hdt., etc.
1. a Lacon. city, famous for the worship of Apollo, Il., etc.
2. a sort of shoes, made at Amyclae, Theocr.
1. Apollo, son of Zeus and Latona, brother of Artemis, Hom., etc.: in Hom. men who die suddenly are said to be slain by his ἀγανὰ βέλεα; cf. Ἄρτεμις.
1. slayer of Argus, i. e. Hermes, Hom.
1. of or from Argos, Argive: Ἀργεῖοι in Hom., like Ἀχαιοί, for the Greeks in general: ἡ Ἀργεία (sc. γῆ), Argolis, Thuc.
1. Asclepius, Lat. Aesculapius, a Thessalian prince, famous as a physician, Il.:—later, son of Apollo, tutelary god of medicine.
1. the unwearied, a name of Pallas, Hom.
1. Aphrodite, Lat. Venus, goddess of love, said to be born from the sea-foam, Hhymn., Hes.
2. as appellat. love, pleasure, Od.: —Ἀφρ. κακῶν enjoyment, Eur.
3. attractive beauty, grace, Lat. venustas, Aesch., Luc;. cf. Lat. venus.
1. the Achaian land, with or without γαῖα, Il.
2. (sub. γυνή) an Achaian woman, id=Il.
1. of or for the Achaians, Achaian, Aesch., Eur.
1. Achaian, Lat. Achivus, Hom.:— Ἀχαιοί, οἱ, the Achaians or Greeks generally, id=Hom.
1. Achelous, name of several rivers; the best known ran through Aetolia and Acarnania, Il., Hes.
2. any stream, or, generally, water, Eur.
1. Achilles, son of Peleus and Thetis, prince of the Myrmidons.
1. Abydos, the town on the Asiatic side of the Hellespont.
1. mount Athos, Il., etc.
1. name of several Greek cities, of which the Peloponnesian is the best known, called by Hom. Ἀ. Ἀχαιικόν, to distinguish it from *)a. *pelasgiko/n. The former name comprehends all Argolis; the latter, all Thessaly.
1. Ares, called by the Latins Mars, son of Zeus and Hera, god of war and slaughter, also of strife and pestilence, Hom., Trag.
2. in Poets, as appellat., war, battle, discord, slaughter, ξυνάγωμεν Ἄρηα Il; Ἄρης ἐμφύλιος, Ἄ. τιθαςός civil war, Aesch.
3. warlike spirit, Trag.
1. Artemis, the Roman Diana, goddess of the chase, daughter of Zeus and Latona, sister of Apollo: in Hom., women who die suddenly are said to be slain by her ἀγανὰ βέλεα: cf. Ἀπόλλων.
1. Asian, Il.
1. the snatchers, a personification of whirlwinds or hurricanes, Od. The Harpies, as described by Virgil, belong to later mythology.
1. if haply, if, followed by subj. (whereas εἰ is foll. by ind. or opt.), epic εἴ κε, αἴ κε.
2. in NTest. ἐάν is used just like the adverb ἄν after relative Pronouns and Conjunctions, as ὃς ἐάν whosoever, ὅςος ἐάν, ὅςτις ἐάν, ὅπου ἐάν, etc.
1. to let, suffer, allow, permit, Lat. sinere, c. acc. pers. et inf., Hom., attic:—Pass. to be given up, Soph.
2. οὐκ ἐᾶν not to suffer, and then to forbid, hinder, prevent, c. acc. et. inf., Hom., etc.: often an inf. may be supplied, οὐκ ἐάςει ςε τοῦτο will not allow thee [to do] this, Soph.
3. to let alone, let be, c. acc., Hom., etc.;—absol., ἔαςον let be, Aesch.:—Pass., ἡ δ̆ οὖν ἐάςθω Soph.
4. in same sense, c. inf., κλέψαι μὲν ἐάςομεν we will have done with stealing, Il.; θεὸς τὸ μὲν δώςει, τὸ δ̆ ἐάςει [sc. δοῦναι] he will give one thing, the other he will let alone, Od.; v. xai/rw fin.
1. to make like (cf. ἴςκω), Od.
2. to deem like, liken, compare, τινά or τί τινι Hom.
3. c. acc. et inf. to deem, suppose, id=Hom.
4. absol., ὡς ςὺ ἐί̈ςκεις as thou deemest, Od.
1. Lat. vernus, of spring, εἰαρινὴ ὥρη spring- time, Il., etc.:—neut. ἠρινόν, -νά, as adv., in spring-time, Eur.; ἠρινὰ κελαδεῖν, of the swallow, Ar.
1. Dep.:— to be born or bred in a place, c. dat., Hom., Hdt.
2. of qualities, to be inborn, innate, id=Hdt., Eur.
3. of events and the like, to happen in or among, τιςι Hdt.
4. to come in, intervene, pass, of Time, id=Hdt., Thuc.
5. ἐγγίγνεται, impers., it is allowed or possible, c. inf., Hdt., attic
1. μὴ μυῖαι εὐλὰς ἐγγείνωνται lest the flies breed maggots in [the wounds], Il.
1. properly, to put into the palm of the hand, put into one's hand, Hom.
1. from nigh at hand, Il., attic
2. with Verbs of rest, hard by, nigh at hand, Hom.
3. c. dat., ἐγγύθεν τινί hard by him, Il.; also c. gen., id=Il.
1. hard by, near, c. gen., Il.; also c. dat., id=Il.
2. of Time, nigh at hand, id=Il.
1. of Place, near, nigh, at hand, Hom.; c. gen. hard by, near to, id=Hom., Soph.; also c. dat., Eur.
2. of Time, nigh at hand, Hom., Xen.
3. of Numbers, etc., nearly, Thuc., Xen.; οὐδ̆ ἐγγύς i. e. not by a great deal, nothing like it, Plat., Dem.; ἐγγὺς τοῦ τεθνάναι very nearly dead, Plat.
4. of Relationship, akin to, Aesch., Plat.
1. Act. to awaken, wake up, rouse, Il., Trag.
2. to rouse, stir up, ἐγείρειν Ἄρηα to stir the fight, Il., etc.
3. to raise from the dead, NTest.; or from a sick bed, id=NTest.
4. to raise or erect a building, id=NTest.
5. Pass., with perf. act. ἐγρήγορα, to awake, Od., Hdt., etc.: in aor2 also to keep watch or vigil, Il.:—in perf. to be awake, Hom., attic
6. to rouse or stir oneself, be excited by passion, Hes., Thuc.
1. that which is within the head, the brain, Hom., etc.
2. the edible pith of young palm-shoots, Xen.
1. Mid., ἱμάντα τέῳ ἐγκάτθεο κόλπῳ (epic aor2 imperat.) put the band upon or round thy waist, Il.; ἄτην ἑῷ ἐγκάτθετο θυμῷ stored up, devised mischief in his heart, Od.; τελαμῶνα ἑῇ ἐγκάτθετο τέχνῃ designed the belt by his art, id=Od.
1. to mix in, mix, esp. wine, Il.:—Mid. to mix for oneself: metaph. to concoct, Hdt.
1. to bend in or inwards, Xen.
2. Pass. to lean on, rest or weigh upon one, id=Xen.; metaph., πόνος ὔμμι ἐγκέκλιται labour lies upon you, Il.
3. ἐγκλίνειν νῶτόν τινι to turn one's back towards another, Eur.
4. intr. to give way, flee, Lat. inclinari, Xen., etc.
5. to decline, become worse, Plut.
1. to be quick and active, make haste, hasten, Hom., Soph., etc.
1. to fall in with, light upon, meet with, c. dat., Il., Hes., Hdt.
1. to be awake or watchful, Hom.
1. adv. awake, watching, Il.
1. wielding the spear, Il.
1. eager with the spear, Hom.
1. to bring near to, τῷ [τέρματι] ἐγχρίμψας so as almost to touch the post, Il.; ἐγχρ. τὴν βᾶριν τῇ γῇ to bring the boat close to land, Hdt.
2. intr. to come near, approach, τινί Soph.:—so in Pass., ἐγχριμφθεὶς πύλῃςιν Il.; αἰχμὴ ὀςτέῳ ἐγχριμφθεῖςα the point driven to the very bone, id=Il.; ἀςπίδ̆ (i.e. ἀςπίδι) ἐνιχριμφθείς dashed against his shield, id=Il.
1. pron. of the first person, Lat ego
1. strengthd. form of ἐγώ, Lat. equidem, I at least, for my part, for myself,
1. meat, food, (ἔδω) Hom.
1. food, meat, victuals, Hom., Plat.
2. fodder for cattle, Il.
3. a bait for fish, Theocr.
1. to will, wish, purpose; c. acc. et inf. to wish that . . , c. inf. to wish to do, Hom., attic; c. acc., inf. being omitted, τί θέλων (sc. πρᾶξαι) Aesch.
2. with a negat., almost = du/namai, mi/mnein ou)k e)qe/leskon they cared not to make a stand, i. e. they were unable, Il.
3. of things,
4. much like μέλλω, merely to express a future event, εἰ θελήςει ἀναβῆναι ἡ τυραννίς if the monarchy will revert, Hdt.
5. to be wont or accustomed, c. inf., id=Hdt., Thuc.
6. to mean, purport, τί ἐθέλει τὸ ἔπος Lat. quid sibi vult? French que veut-il dire? Hdt., etc.
1. prep. governing GEN. only, Lat. e, exRadical sense, from out of, opp. to εἰς:
2. out of, from. c. gen.
3. OF PLACE:
4. of Motion, out of, forth from, Hom., etc.: ἐκ θυμοῦ φίλεον I loved her from my heart, with all my heart, Il.
5. to denote change from one place or condition to another, κακὸν ἐκ κακοῦ one evil from (or after) another, id=Il.; λόγον ἐκ λόγου λέγειν Dem.
6. to express distinction from a number, ἐκ πόλεων πίςυρες four out of many, Il.
7. of Position, like ἔξω, outside of, beyond, ἐκ βελέων out of shot, id=Il.; ἐκ καπνοῦ out of the smoke, Od.
8. with Verbs of Rest, ἐκ ποταμοῦ χρόα νίζετο washed his body with water from the river, id=Od.:—with Verbs signifying to hang or fasten, ἐκ παςςαλόφι κρέμαςεν φόρμιγγα he hung his lyre from (i. e. on) the peg, id=Od.; ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἐπέλκουςα leading it [by a rein] upon her arm, Hdt.:—also, sitting or standing, ςτᾶς̆ ἐξ Οὐλύμποιο from Olympus where she stood, Il.; καθῆςθαι ἐκ πάγων to sit on the heights and look from them, Soph.
9. OF TIME, ἐξ οὗ or ἐξ οὗτε [χρόνου], Lat. ex quo, since, Hom., attic; ἐκ τοῦ or ἐκ τοῖο from that time, Il.; ἐκ πολλοῦ (sc. χρόνου) for a long time, Thuc.
10. of particular points of time, ἐκ νέου or ἐκ παιδός from boyhood; ἐξ ἀρχῆς, etc.; so, ἐκ θυςίας γενέςθαι to have just finished sacrifice, Hdt.; ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίςτου after breakfast, Xen.
11. when we say in or by, ἐκ νυκτῶν Od.; ἐκ νυκτός Xen., etc.
12. OF ORIGIN,
13. of the Material, out of or of which things are made, ποιεῖςθαι ἐκ ξύλων τὰ πλοῖα Hdt.
14. of the Father, ἔκ τινος εἶναι, γενέςθαι, φῦναι, etc., Il.; ἀγαθοὶ καὶ ἐξ ἀγαθῶν Plat.
15. of the Author or Occasion of a thing, ὄναρ ἐκ Διός ἐςτιν Il.; θάνατος ἐκ μνηςτήρων death by the hand of the suitors, Od.; τὰ ἐξ Ἑλλήνων τείχεα walls built by them, Hdt.
16. with the agent after Pass. Verbs, where ὑπό is more common, ἐφίληθεν ἐκ Διός they were beloved of (i. e. by) Zeus, Il.
17. of the Cause, Instrument or Means by which a thing is done, ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος in consequence of our father's friendship, Od.; so, ἐκ τίνος; ἐκ τοῦ; wherefore? Eur.; ποιεῖτε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ Μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας make yourselves friends of (i. e. by means of), NTest.
18. from, i. e. according to, ἐκ τῶν λογίων according to the oracles, Hdt.; ἐκ νόμων Aesch.
19. periphr. for an adv., (as in Lat. ex consulto, ex composito), ἐκ βίας by force, = biai/ws, Soph.; ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ ͂ φανερῶς, Thuc., etc.
20. with numerals, ἐκ τρίτου in the third place, Eur.
1. to throw or cast out of a place, c. gen., Il., etc.; or absol. to throw out, throw overboard, Od.: also, like Lat. ejicere, to throw ashore, id=Od., Hdt.; but, ἐκβ. ἐς τὸ πέλαγος carry out to sea, id=Hdt.:—Mid. to put ashore, id=Hdt.
2. to cast out of a place, banish, id=Hdt., etc.
3. to expose on a desert island, Soph.; to expose a dead body, id=Soph.
4. to divorce a wife, Dem.
5. to cast out of his seat, depose a king, Aesch., etc.
6. to strike out of, Lat. excutere, χειρῶν ἔκβαλλε κύπελλα Od.;—absol., δοῦρα ἐκβ. to fell trees (properly, to cut them out of the forest), id=Od.
7. to strike open, break in, πύλας Eur.
8. to let fall, χειρὸς ἔκβαλεν ἔγχος Il.:—metaph., ἔπος ἐκβ. to let fall a word, Hom., etc.; so, δάκρυα ἔκβ. Od.; ἐκβ. ὀδόντας to cast one's teeth, Eur.
9. to throw away, reject, Soph., etc.:— to reject a candidate for office, Dem.; to drive an actor from the stage, Lat. explodere, id=Dem.
10. to lose, properly by one's own fault, Soph., etc.
11. to produce, of women, Plut.; so, of wheat, ἐκβ. ςτάχυν Eur.
12. intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν) to go out, depart, id=Eur.; of a river, to empty, discharge itself, Plat.
1. to step out of or off from a place, c. gen., Il., etc.; ἐκβ. ἐκ . . , Thuc.:—absol. to disembark, dismount, Il., etc.
2. to go out of a place, c. gen. or ἐκβ. ἐκ . . , Eur., etc.
3. c. acc. to outstep, overstep, id=Eur., Plat.
4. in Poets, the instrument of motion is added in acc., ἐκβὰς πόδα Eur.; cf. βαίνω A. II. 3.
5. metaph.,
6. to come out so and so, come to pass, turn out, Hdt., Thuc.:— to be fulfilled, of prophecies, Dem.; κάκιςτος ἐκβ. to prove a villain, Eur.:— τὰ ἐκβηςόμενα things likely to happen, Hdt., etc.
7. to go out of due bounds, to go far, ἐς τοῦτ̆ ἐκβέβηκ̆ Eur.
8. Causal, in aor1 -έβηςα, to make to go out, to put out of a ship, Hom., Eur.
1. Dep.:— to be born of a father, c. gen., Ἑλένη Διὸς ἐκγεγαυῖα Il.
2. c. dat. to be born to, Πορθεῖ τρεῖς παῖδες ἐξεγένοντο id=Il.
3. in aor2 to have gone by, χρόνου ἐκγεγονότος time having gone by, Hdt.: c. gen., ἐκγενέςθαι τοῦ ζῆν to have departed this life, Xen.
4. impers., ἐκγίγνεται, like ἔξεςτι, it is allowed, it is granted, c. dat. pers. et inf., mostly with a negat., οὐκ ἐξεγένετό τινι ποιεῖν it was not granted him to do, Hdt.: absol., οὐκ ἐξεγένετο it was not in his power, id=Hdt.
1. Dep.:
2. mostly of persons,
3. to take or receive from another, τί τινι Il., Aesch.
4. to take up, of a successor, τὴν ἀρχὴν παρά τινος Hdt., etc.; often also with the acc. omitted, ἐξεδέξατο Σαδυάττης (sc. τὴν βαςιληί̈ην) he succeeded, id=Hdt.
5. to take up the argument, ὥςπερ ςφαῖραν ἐκδ. τὸν λόγον Plat.
6. to wait for, expect, Soph.
7. of events, to await, Lat. excipere, Hdt.
8. of contiguous countries, to come next, id=Hdt.
1. to bind so as to hang from, to fasten to or on, c. gen., Il.: absol., ςανίδας ἐκδῆςαι to bind planks (to his back), Od.:—Mid. to bind a thing to oneself, hang it round one, Hdt.
1. to give up, surrender, esp. something seized unlawfully, Lat. reddere, Il., Hdt.:— ἐκδ. δοῦλον to give up a slave to be examined by torture, Dem.
2. ἐκδ. θυγατέρα to give one's daughter in marriage, Lat. nuptum dare, Hdt., attic; so in Mid., ἐκδίδοςθαι θυγατέρα Hdt., Eur.
3. to give out for money, let out for hire, Hdt.:—c. inf., like Lat. locare aliquid faciendum, Dem.
4. to lend out money on security, such as the cargo of a ship, ap. Dem.
5. intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν or -ούς) of rivers, to empty themselves, Hdt.
1. to pass quite over, c. acc., Il.
1. Causal in pres. ἐκδύω, imperf. ἐξέδυον, fut. ἐκδύςω, aor1 ἐξέδυ_ςα: — to take off, strip off, Lat. exuere, c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, ἐκ μέν με χλαῖναν ἔδυςαν they stripped me of my cloke, Od.: c. acc. pers. only, to strip him, Xen., etc.
2. Mid. ἐκδύομαι, aor1 ἐξεδυςάμην: — to strip oneself of a thing, put off, Il., etc.: absol. to put off one's clothes, strip, Ar., Xen.
3. in pres. ἐκδύνωin same sense as Mid. ἐκδύομαι
4. to put off, Od., Hdt.
5. in aor2 ἐξέδυν, perf. ἐκδέδυ_κα, to go or get out of, c. gen., ἐκδὺς μεγάροιο Od.; ἐκδ. τῆς θαλάςςης to emerge from the sea, Plat.
6. c. acc. to escape, ἐκδῦμεν ὄλεθρον Il.
1. from that place, thence, Lat. illinc, opp. to ἐκεῖςε, Soph., etc.
2. = e)kei=, Aesch., Thuc.:—c. gen., τοὐκεῖθεν ἄλςους on yon side of the grove, Soph.
3. thence, from that fact, Isocr., Dem.
4. of Time, thereafter, next, Il.
1. from that place, thence, Lat. illinc, opp. to ἐκεῖςε, Soph., etc.
2. = e)kei=, Aesch., Thuc.:—c. gen., τοὐκεῖθεν ἄλςους on yon side of the grove, Soph.
3. thence, from that fact, Isocr., Dem.
4. of Time, thereafter, next, Il.
1. Demonstr. Pron.: the person there, that person or thing, Hom., etc.: when οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος refer to two things before mentioned, ἐκεῖνος, ille, belongs to the more remote, i. e. the former, οὗτος, hic, to the nearer, i. e. the latter.
2. like ille, to denote well-known persons, ἐκεῖνος Θουκυδίδης Ar.
3. with demonstr. force, Ἶρος ἐκεῖνος ἧςται Irus sits there, Od.
4. in attic the Subst. with ἐκεῖνος properly has the Article, and ἐκεῖνος may precede or follow the Subst., ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ: when the Art. is omitted in Prose, ἐκεῖνος follows the Subst., νῆες ἐκεῖναι Thuc.
5. adv. e)kei/nws, in that way, in that case, id=Thuc.
6. dat. fem. ἐκείνῃ as adv.,
7. of Place (sub. ὁδῷ), there, at that place, on that road, Hdt., Thuc.
8. of Manner, in that manner, Plat., etc.
9. with Preps., ἐξ ἐκείνου from that time, Xen.; so, ἀπ̆ ἐκείνου Luc.: κατ̆ ἐκεῖνα in that place, there, Xen.: μετ̆ ἐκεῖνα afterwards, Thuc.
1. thither, to that place, Lat. illuc, opp. to ἐκεῖθεν, Hom., etc.
2. to the other world, Eur., Plat.; cf. ἐκεῖ I. 2.
3. c. gen., ἐκ. τοῦ λόγου from that part of the story, Hdt.
1. to cleanse out:
2. with acc. of the thing cleansed, to clear out ditches, etc., Il.; χθόνα ἐκκαθαίρει κνωδάλων he clears this land of monsters, Aesch.:—Pass. to be purified, Xen.
3. with acc. of the dirt removed, to clear away, Plat.
1. to call out or forth, summon forth, Hom., Hdt., Eur.
2. Mid. to call out to oneself, Od., Hdt.
3. to call forth, elicit, Aesch., etc.
4. c. inf. to call on one to do, Soph.
1. Pass. to leap down from a place, c. gen., Il.
1. in use, to look down from a place, c. gen., Il.
1. to steal and bring off secretly, to purloin, Il., Hdt., etc.; ἐκκλ. πόδα to steal away, Eur.: —ἐκκλ. μὴ θανεῖν id=Eur.
2. ἐκκλ. τινὰ λόγοις to deceive him, Soph.; μὴ ἐκκλέψῃς λόγον disguise not the matter, speak not falsely, id=Soph.
1. to roll out, Ar.:— to overthrow, Anth.:—Pass., ἐκ δίφροιο ἐξεκυλίςθη rolled headlong from the chariot, Il.
2. to extricate:—Pass. to be extricated from, τῆςδ̆ ἐκκυλιςθήςει τύχης Aesch.; ἐκκυλιςθῆναι εἰς ἔρωτας to plunge headlong into intrigues, Xen.
1. to escape notice utterly: — Mid., with perf. pass. ἐκλέληςμαι, to forget utterly, c. gen. rei, Soph.
1. to loose, release, set free, from a thing, c. gen., Aesch., Soph.:—Pass. to be set free, Plat.:— Mid. to get one set free, to release from, c. gen., Od., etc.
2. to unloose, unstring a bow, Hdt.; ἐκλύςων ςτόμα likely to let loose the tongue, Soph.
3. to put an end to, id=Soph., Eur.
4. to relax, enfeeble:— Pass. to be faint, fail, give way, Dem.
5. to pay in full, Plut.
1. to go out, go forth, Il.
1. to squeeze out, Il.
1. to shake out:—Pass. to spurt out from, c. gen., ἔκπαλτο (syncop. epic aor2 mid. as pass.) Il.
1. of persons, to send out or forth from a place, c. gen., Hom., Aesch., etc.:—Mid., Od., Soph., etc.
2. to bring out by calling, call or fetch out, id=Soph.; so in Mid., id=Soph.:—Pass. to go forth, depart, id=Soph.
3. to send forth, dispatch, Thuc.
4. to send away, cast out, Hdt., Aesch.; to divorce a wife, Hdt.:—so in Mid., Soph.
5. of things, to send out, send abroad, Il., Hdt.
6. to send forth, give out, ςέλας Aesch.
1. to destroy utterly, Il., Aesch.
1. to fall out of a chariot, c. gen., Hom., etc.; c. dat. pers., τόξον δέ οἱ ἔκπεςε χειρός Il.
2. of seafaring men, to be thrown ashore, Lat. ejici, Od., Hdt., etc.: of things, to suffer shipwreck, Xen.
3. to fall from a thing, i. e. be deprived of it, Lat. excidere, τινός or ἔκ τινος Aesch., etc.
4. to be driven out, of persons banished, Hdt., etc.
5. to go out or forth, sally out, id=Hdt., Xen.
6. to come out, of votes, id=Xen.
7. to escape, Thuc.
8. of oracles, to issue from the sanctuary, be imparted, Luc.
9. to depart from, digress, Xen., Aeschin.
10. to fall off, come to naught, NTest.
11. of actors, to be hissed off the stage, Lat. explodi, Dem.
1. to rush madly to the fray, Il.
1. to go out over, pass beyond, Od., Aesch.; ἐκπ. βίον to go through life, Eur.
2. absol. of an arrow, to pass through, pierce, Il.
3. to go or come out of a place, c. gen., Eur.
1. Dep. to fly out or forth, of snow-flakes, Il.: metaph., πᾶ τὰς φρένας ἐκπεπόταςαι (2nd sg. doric perf.); = quae te dementia cepit? Theocr.
1. distinguished out of all, preeminent, remarkable, Il.; μεγέθει ἐκπρεπεςτάτα Aesch.; εἶδος ἐκπρεπεςτάτη Eur.
2. = e)/cw tou= pre/pontos, unseemly, monstrous, Thuc.: so adv. -pw=s, without reasonable grounds, id=Thuc.
1. to break off, snap asunder, Il.; c. gen., ὕδωρ ἐξέρρηξεν ὁδοῖο the water broke off a piece of the road, id=Il.:—Pass. to break or snap asunder, Hdt.
2. c. acc. cogn. to let break forth, break out with, Plut., Luc.:—Pass. to break out, of an ulcer, Hdt., Aesch.; of a quarrel, ἐς μέςον ἐξερράγη it broke out in public, Hdt.; of persons, to break out into passionate words, id=Hdt.
3. sometimes also intr. in Act., οὔ ποτ̆ ἐκρήξει μάχη Soph.
1. to rush out or burst forth from a place, c. gen., Hom.: absol. to rush out, id=Hom.
1. to draw out, Il.; so in Mid., ἐκςπαςςαμένω ἔγχεα having drawn out their spears, id=Il.
1. to turn out of, root up from a place, c. gen., Il.
2. to turn inside out, Ar.: metaph. to alter entirely, id=Ar.
1. outstretched, outspread, Il.
1. to cut out, Il., Hdt.; ὀϊςτὸν ἐκτάμνειν μηροῦ to cut an arrow from the thigh, Il.
2. to cut trees out of a wood, cut down, id=Il.; of planks, to hew out, hew into shape, ὃς νήϊον ἐκτάμνῃςιν (epic for -τέμνῃ) id=Il.
3. to cut away, sever, Pind., Plat.
4. to castrate, Hdt.
1. = e)ktei/nw, to stretch out (on the ground), lay low, Il.:—Pass. to lie outstretched, ἐξετανύςθη id=Il.
2. to stretch tight, Od.
1. to bring quite to an end, to accomplish, achieve, Hom., Hdt.: —Pass., fut. inf. ἐκτελέεςθαι, to be accomplished, Il., etc.
1. outside, opp. to ἐντός:
2. as prep. with gen. outside, out of, far from, c. gen., Hom.: outside of, free from, Hdt., attic; ἐκτὸς ἐλπίδος beyond hope, Lat. praeter spem, Soph.
3. of Time, beyond, Hdt.
4. except, ἐκτὸς ὀλίγων Xen.
5. absol., τὰ ἐκτός external things, Eur.
6. with Verbs of motion, ῥίπτειν ἐκτός to throw out, Soph., etc.
1. to carry out of a place, c. gen., or ἐκ τόπου, Il., Hdt.
2. to carry out a corpse for burial, Lat. efferre, Il., etc.
3. to carry off as prize or reward, id=Il.: so in Mid., Hdt., attic
4. to carry out of the sea, to throw ashore, Hdt., Eur.:—Pass., with fut. mid., to come to land, be cast ashore, Hdt.
5. to bring forth,
6. of women, of the earth, to bring forth, produce, id=Hdt.
7. to bring about, accomplish, Il.
8. to bring out, publish, Ar.: ἐκφ. χρηςτήριον to deliver an oracle, Hdt.:—of public measures, to bring forward, ἐκφ. ἐς τὸν δῆμον id=Hdt., Dem.
9. generally to disclose, tell, betray, Hdt.:—Mid., ἐκφέρεςθαι γνώμην to declare one's opinion, id=Hdt.
10. to put forth, exert, δύναςιν Eur.; and in Mid., Soph.
11. ἐκφέρειν πόλεμον, Lat. inferre bellum, to begin war, Hdt., Xen.
12. to bear the marks of a thing, Eur.
13. Pass. to be carried beyond bounds, be carried away, Soph., Thuc., etc.
14. to carry to a certain point, Soph., Plat.
15. intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν) to shoot forth (before the rest), Il.: to run away, Xen.
16. to come to fulfilment, come to an end, Soph.
1. to shew forth, bring to light, disclose, reveal, make manifest, Il., Hdt., etc.:—Pass. to shew oneself, shine forth, come forth to view, Il.
2. to exhibit, κακότητα Hdt.
3. ἐκφ. πόλεμον to declare war, Xen.
1. to flee out or away, escape, Od., Aesch., etc.:— to be acquitted, Ar.
2. c. gen. to escape out of, flee from, Hom.
3. c. acc. to escape, Il., Hdt., etc.
4. of things, ἐκφεύγει μέ τι something escapes me, Soph., Eur.
1. to carry out a corpse for burial, Od.:—generally to carry out, Hdt.:—Mid. to take out with one, Eur., etc.:—Pass. to move forth, Il.
2. to carry quite out, leave none behind, of earth dug from a trench, Hdt.
3. Pass. to be cast on shore, id=Hdt.
1. to generate from another, to beget, of the male, Soph., etc.
2. of the female, to bear, id=Soph.: also, to produce a plant, Dem.
3. Pass., with perf. and aor2 act., to be born from another, c. gen., Il., Soph., etc.; λάλημα ἐκπεφυκός a tattler by nature, id=Soph.
1. to pour out, properly of liquids, Il., Aesch., etc.: metaph., in Med., ἐκχεύατ̆ ὀϊςτούς he poured forth his arrows, Od.
2. of words, Aesch., etc.
3. to pour out like water, squander, waste, one's substance, id=Aesch., etc.
4. Pass., 3rd pl. plup. ἐξεκέχυντο, epic syncop. aor2 ἐξέχυ^το or ἔκχυ^το, part. ἐκχύμενος [υ^]:— to pour out, stream out or forth, properly of liquids, Hom.:—metaph. of persons, id=Hom.: —generally, to be spread out, Od.
5. to be poured out like water, forgotten, Theogn., Plat.
6. to give oneself up to joy, to be overjoyed, Ar.; ἐκχ. γελῶν to burst out laughing, Anth.
7. to lie languidly, id=Anth.
1. of olive-wood, Hom.
1. smaller, less, formed from e)laxu/s (with Sup. ἐλάχιςτος, q. v.), but serving as comp. to μικρός, Il.: ἔλαςςον ἔχειν to have the worse, be worse off, τινί in a thing, Hdt., Dem.; so, ἐλάττω γίγνεςθαι Ar.
2. c. gen. pers. worse than, inferior to, Thuc., etc.; but c. gen. rei, like ἥςςων, subservient to, Xen.
3. in neut. with Preps., περὶ ἐλάςςονος ποιεῖςθαι to consider of less account, Hdt.; παρ̆ ἔλαττον ἡγεῖςθαι Plat.; δῐ ἐλάττονος at less distance, Thuc.
4. of Number, fewer, οἱ ἐλάςςονες the smaller number, Hdt., Thuc.
5. neut. ἔλαςςον, as adv. less, Aesch., etc.
1. the silver fir, pinus picea, Il.
2. an oar, Hom.: also a ship or boat, like Lat. abies, Eur.
1. of the fir, Lat. abiegnus, Il., Eur.:— of fir or pine-wood, Od., Eur.
1. to disgrace, put to shame, μῦθον ἐλ. to treat a speech with contempt, Il.; ἐλ. τινά to put one to shame, Od.
2. to cross-examine, question, for the purpose of disproving or reproving, to censure, accuse, Hdt., attic; c. acc. et inf. to accuse one of doing, Eur.:—Pass. to be convicted, Hdt., Xen., etc.
3. of arguments, to bring to the proof, to disprove, confute, Aesch., Dem.:—absol. to bring convincing proof, Hdt.: then generally to prove, Lat. arguere, Thuc.
1. the elephant, Hdt.
2. the elephant's tusk, ivory, Il., Hes.
1. the olive-tree, Lat. olea, oliva, Hom., etc.; said to have been produced by Athena in her contest with Poseidon, Hdt., Soph.; φέρεςθαι ἐκτὸς τῶν ἐλαῶν to run beyond the olives, which stood at the end of the Athenian race-course, i. e. to go too far, Ar.
2. the fruit of the olive-tree, an olive, id=Ar.
1. to drive, Il.; ἐλ. τινα to drive about, of the Furies, Eur.:—Pass., of ships, to be rowed, Hdt.
1. a driver of horses, a charioteer, Il., Aesch.
2. a sort of broad, flat cake, Ar.
1. shooting deer, Il., Soph.
1. = Lat. lev-is light in weight, Il., Hdt., attic:— adv. lightly, buoyantly, Od.
2. light to bear, not burdensome, easy, Il.; ἐλαφρόν [ἐςτι] 'tis light, easy, Aesch., etc.; ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιεῖςθαί τι to make light of a thing, Hdt.
3. light in moving, nimble, Lat. agilis, Hom., Aesch.; ἐλαφρὰ ἡλικία the age of active youth, Xen.; οἱ ἐλαφροί light troops, Lat. levis armatura, id=Xen.
4. lightminded, thoughtless, Eur.
1. Radic. sense : to drive, drive on, set in motion, of driving flocks, Hom.; so aor. mid. ἠλαςάμην Il.: often of chariots, to drive, id=Il., Hdt.; also, ἐλ. ἵππον to ride it, id=Hdt.; ἐλ. νῆα to row it, Od.:—in this sense the acc. was omitted, and the Verb became intr., to go in a chariot, to drive, μάςτιξεν δ̆ ἐλάαν (sc. ἵππους) he whipped them on, Il.; βῆ δ̆ ἐλάαν ἐπὶ κύματα he drove on over the waves, id=Il.; διὰ νύκτα ἐλάαν to travel the night through, Od.; — to ride, Hdt., etc.; to march, id=Hdt.; to row, Od.
2. in this intr. sense, it sometimes took an acc. loci, γαλήνην ἐλαύνειν to sail the calm sea, i. e. over it, id=Hdt.; ἐλαύνειν δρόμον to run a course, Ar.
3. to drive away, like ἀπελαύνω, of stolen cattle, Hom., Xen.: —so in Mid., Hom.
4. to drive away, expel, Il., Trag.
5. to drive to extremities, ἄδην ἐλόωςι πολέμοιο will harass him till he has had enough of war, Il.; ἄδην ἐλάαν κακότητος shall persecute him till he has had enough, Od.:—then in attic to persecute, attack, harass, Soph., etc.
6. intr. in expressions like ἐς τοςοῦτον ἤλαςαν, they drove it so far (where πρᾶγμα must be supplied), Hdt.:—hence, to push on, go on, Eur., Plat.
7. to strike, ἐλάτηιςιν πόντον ἐλαύνοντες, cf. Lat. remis impellere, Il.
8. to strike with a weapon, but never with a missile, id=Il.:— c. dupl. acc., τὸν μὲν ἔλας̆ ὦμον him he struck on the shoulder, id=Il.; χθόνα ἤλαςε μετώπωι struck earth with his forehead, Od.
9. to drive or thrust through, δόρυ διὰ ςτήθεςφιν ἔλαςςε Il.; and in Pass. to go through, id=Il.
10. in metaph. senses:
11. to beat with a hammer, Lat. ducere, to beat out metal, Il.; περὶ δ̆ ἕρκος ἔλαςςε καςςιτέρου around he made a fence of beaten tin, id=Il.
12. to draw a line of wall or a trench, Lat. ducere murum, Hom., etc.; τεῖχος ἐς τὸν ποταμὸν τοὺς ἀγκῶνας ἐλήλαται the wall has its angles carried down to the river, Hdt.; ὄγμον ἐλαύνειν to work one's way down a ridge or swathe in reaping or mowing, Il.; ὄρχον ἀμπελίδος ἐλ. to draw a line of vines, i. e. plant them in line, Ar.
13. κολωιὸν ἐλαύνειν to prolong the brawl, Il.
1. to have pity on, shew mercy upon, c. acc., Od., attic:—Pass. to be pitied, have pity or mercy shewn one, Plat.
2. absol. to feel pity, Ar.
1. to take pity on, τινά Hom., Ar.
1. worthy of reproof; of men, cowardly, Il.: —Irreg. Sup. ἐλέγχιςτος, id=Il.
1. reproach, disgrace, Il.
1. finding pity, pitied or moving pity, pitiable, piteous, Hom., etc.; ἐλεινὸς εἰςορᾶν piteous to behold, Aesch.; ἐλεινὸν ὁρᾷς thou lookest piteous, Soph.; ἐςθῆτ̆ ἐλεινήν Ar.; ποιῶν ἑαυτὸν ὡς ἐλεεινότατον Dem.
2. shewing pity, pitying, ἐλ. δάκρυον a tear of pity, Od.; οὐδὲν ἐλεεινόν no feeling of pity, Plat.
3. adv. e)leeinw=s, in attic Poets ἐλεινῶς, pitiably, Soph.; neut. pl. ἐλεεινά as adv., Il.
1. to raise the battle-cry, Xen.: generally, to raise a loud cry, Eur.: —in Mid., of the nightingale, to trill her sad lay, id=Eur.; c. acc., Ἴτυν ἐλελιζομένη trilling her lament for Itys, Ar.
1. epic Dep. to cheat with empty hopes, said of the false dreams that come through the ivory gate (ἐλέφας), Od.: generally, to cheat, overreach, Il.
2. to destroy, Hes.
1. a kitchen-table, a board on which meat was cut up, a dresser, Hom.:—also ἐλεόν, τό, Ar.
1. free, opp. to δοῦλος: ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ the day of freedom, i. e. freedom, Il.; κρητὴρ ἐλεύθερος the cup drunk to freedom, id=Il.:—of persons, Hdt., attic: —τὸ ἐλ. freedom, Hdt.:—c. gen. free or freed from a thing, Trag.
2. of things, free, open to all, Xen.
3. like ἐλευθέριος, fit for a freeman, free, frank, Hdt., attic:—adv., ἐλευθέρως εἰπεῖν Hdt., Soph.
1. to roll round (cf. εἰλύω):— only in aor1 pass. ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἐλύςθη rolled to the ground, Il.; προπάροιθε ποδῶν Ἀχιλῆος ἐλυςθείς rolled up, crouching before Achilles' feet, id=Il.; ὑπὸ γαςτέρ̆ ἐλυςθείς huddled under [the ram's] belly, Od.
2. = ei)lu/w, to wrap up, cover, Apoll.
1. to vomit, throw up, Il., Hdt., etc.: absol. to vomit, to be sick, Hdt., attic; ἐμ. πτίλωι to make oneself sick with a feather, Ar.
1. to throw in, put in, Il., etc.; ἐμβ. τινὰ εἰς τὸ δεςμωτήριον to throw one into prison, Dem.; ἔμβαλλε χεῖρα δεξιάν, as a pledge of good faith, Soph.
2. ἐμβ. τινί τι θυμῷ to put it into his mind, Hom.; so, ἐμβ. ἵμερον, μένος τινί id=Hom.; βουλὴν ἐμβ. περί τινος to give one counsel about a thing, Xen.
3. to throw at, upon or against, νηὶ̈ κεραυνόν Od.; ἐμβ. πληγάς to inflict stripes, Xen.; ἐμβ. πῦρ to apply it, Thuc.:— metaph., ἐμβ. φόβον τινί to strike fear into him, Lat. incutere timorem, Hdt.
4. intr. (sub. ςτρατόν) to make an inroad or invasion, id=Hdt.
5. generally to break, burst, rush in, Aeschin.; ἐμβάλωμεν εἰς ἄλλον λόγον Eur.
6. to strike a ship with the ram, to charge or ram it, c. dat., Hdt., Thuc.
7. κώπῃ ἐμβάλλειν (sub. χεῖρας) to lay oneself to the oar, Lat. incumbere remis, Od.; and ἐμβάλλειν alone, to lay to, pull hard, Ar.
8. of a river, to empty itself, Plat.
9. Mid. to throw in what is one's own, Dem.
10. metaph., ἐμβάλλεςθαί τι θυμῷ to lay it to heart, consider it, Il.
11. c. gen., ἐμβάλεςθε τῶν λαγῴων fall upon the hare's flesh, Ar.
12. Pass. of ships, to charge, Thuc.
1. to step in, μή τις ἐμβήῃ let none step in (to interfere), Il.
2. to go on, go quickly, ἔμβητον, says Antilochus to his horses, id=Il.; ἔμβα advance, Eur.
3. to step into a ship, embark, go on board, Hom., etc.:—perf. to be mounted on, ἐμβεβαὼς ἵπποιςι Il.; also c. acc., Ἴλιον ἐμβεβώς Eur.
4. to step upon, c. dat., Od., Aesch.
5. to enter upon, εἰς κίνδυνον Xen.; c. acc., ἐμβ. κέλευθον Eur., Plat.
6. rarely c. gen. to step upon, γῆς ὅρων Soph.
7. in Poets, with acc. of the instrument of motion (cf. βαίνω II. 3), ἐμβήςει (2nd sg.) πόδα Eur.
8. Causal in aor1 ἐνέβηςα, to make to step in, put in, Od., Eur.; ἐμβῆςαί τινα εἰς φροντίδα to make him anxious, Hdt.
1. to be king in or among others, c. dat., Hom.
1. quickly, readily, hastily, Hom.
1. in eager haste, eager, of persons, Il.
1. abiding in: neut. ἐμμενές as adv., ἐμμενὲς αἰεί unceasing ever, Hom.:—so ἐμμενέως, Hes.
1. Dep. to busy oneself about, take heed of, care for a thing, c.gen., Hom.; once c. acc. pers., Il.
1. to sprinkle in or on, Plat.: metaph. to weave as patterns in a web of cloth, Il.
1. to kindle, burn, set on fire, Il., Hdt., Soph.; also c. gen., πυρὸς νῆας ἐνιπρῆςαι to burn them by force of fire, Il.:—Pass. to be on fire, Hdt.
1. to fill quite full, Od., Xen.
2. c. gen. to fill full of a thing, Hom., etc.
3. Mid. to fill for oneself or what is one's own, ἐμπλήςατο νηδύν Od.; μένεος ἐμπλήςατο θυμόν he filled his heart with rage, Il.
4. Pass. to be filled full of a thing, c. gen., Hom.:—metaph., υἷος ἐνιπληςθῆναι to take my fill of my son, i. e. to sate myself with looking on him, Od.; so c. part. to be satiated with doing, Eur., Xen.
5. c. dat., καρπῷ ἐμπ. to be filled with . . , Hdt.
6. absol. to eat one's fill, id=Hdt., etc.
1. to fall in or upon or into, c. dat., Hom., etc.
2. to fall upon, attack, id=Hom.; also ἐμπ. εἰς . . , Hdt., etc.; rarely c. acc., Soph., Eur.
3. to light or chance upon a thing, to fall in with, τινί Hdt., etc.; more commonly ἐμπ. εἰς . . , Lat. incidere in . . , Soph., etc.
4. to break in, burst in or into, c. dat., id=Soph., etc.; aor2 part. ἐμπεςών violently, Hdt.
5. ἐμπίτνω poet. for ἐμπίπτω
6. to fall upon, τινί Aesch., Soph.
1. to strike against, fall upon or into, c. dat., Hom.
1. to blow or breathe upon, c. dat., Il., Eur.
2. absol. to breathe, live, be alive, Aesch., Soph., Plat., etc.; βραχὺν βίοτον ἐμπνέων ἔτι Eur.
3. c. gen. to breathe of, ἐμπν. φόνου, Lat. caedem spirare, NTest.
4. trans. to blow into, ἱςτίον ἐμπν. to swell the sail, Hhymn.
5. to breathe into, inspire, μένος or θάρςος τινί Hom.
1. to make in, Il.:—Pass., χελιδὼν ἐμπεποιημένη introduced by the poet's art, Ar.
2. to foist in, interpolate, Hdt.
3. to produce or create in, of states of mind, ἐπιθυμίαν τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐμπ. Thuc.; κακόν τι ἐμπ. ταῖς ψυχαῖς Plat.
4. of conditions, to introduce, produce, cause, φθόρον, ςτάςιν Thuc.
1. to blow up, inflate, Il.:—Pass., ἐμπεπρημένη ὗς a bloated sow, Ar.
2. = e)mpi/prhmi, to burn, Il.
1. made for standing on the fire, of a tripod, Il.
1. to implant, τί τινι Od., Xen.
2. Pass., with perf. ἐμπέφυ_κα and aor2 ἐνέφυ_ν:
3. to grow in or on, c. dat., ὅθι τρίχες κρανίῳ ἐμπεφύαςι (epic for ἐμπεφύκαςι) Il.:—of qualities, φθόνος ἐμφύεται ἀνθρώπῳ is implanted in him, Hdt.; οὐδεὶς χαρακτὴρ ἐμπέφυκε ςώματι no mark is set by nature on the body, Eur.
4. to be rooted in, cling closely, ὣς ἔχετ̆ ἐμπεφυ^υῖα (epic for ἐμπεφυ_κυῖα) she hung on clinging, Il.; ἔφυν ἐν χερςί clung to his hand, Od.; ἐμφὺς ὡς βδέλλα clinging like a leech, Theocr.
1. possess. Pron. of first pers., mine, Lat. meus, Hom., etc.; by crasis with the Art., οὑμός, τοὐμόν, τοὐμοῦ, τὠμῷ, τἀμάto strengthen the possessive notion, ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ mine own, Il.; τὸν ἐμὸν αὐτοῦ βίον Ar.
2. objectively, to me, relating to me, against me, ἐμὴ ἀγγελίη Hom.; τὴν ἐμὴν αἰδῶ respect for me, Aesch.; αἱ ἐμαὶ διαβολαί slanders against me, Thuc.; τοὐμὸν αἷμα πατρός his blood shed by me, Soph.
3. τὸ ἐμόν, τὰ ἐμά my property, Ar., etc.:—but also, τὰ ἐμά or τὸ ἐμόν, my part, my affairs, my interest, οὕτω τὸ ἐμὸν ἔχει things stand thus with me, Hdt.; ἔρρει τἀμά Xen.;—hence periphr. for ἐγώ or ἐμέ, Soph.; or absol., τό γε ἐμόν, τὸ μὲν ἐμόν, for my part, as far as concerns me, Hdt., etc.
4. ἡ ἐμὴ (sub. γῆ) my country, Thuc.
1. in, among. c. dat.
2. Lat. in.
3. PREP. WITH DAT.:
4. OF PLACE
5. in, ἐν νήςῳ, ἐν Τροίῃ, etc., Hom., etc.:—elliptic, ἐν Ἀλκινόοιο (sc. οἴκῳ) Od.; εἰν Ἀί̈δαο Il.; ἐν παιδοτρίβου at the school of the training master, Ar.
6. in, upon, ἐν οὔρεςι Hom., etc.
7. in the number of, amongst, ἐν Δαναοῖς, etc., Hom.; and with Verbs of ruling, ἄρχειν, ἀνάςςειν ἐν πολλοῖς to be first or lord among many, i. e. over them, id=Hom.; cf. ὁ, τό B. III. 3.
8. in one's hands, within one's reach or power, Lat. penes, Hom., etc.; ἐν ςοὶ γάρ ἐςμεν Soph.; ἐν τῷ θεῷ τὸ τέλος ἦν Dem.
9. in respect of, ἐν γήρᾳ in point of age, Soph.
10. when ἐν is used with Verbs of motion, where we use the prep. into, the construction is called pregnant, πίπτειν ἐν κονίῃςι to fall [to the dust and lie] in it; οἶνον ἔχευεν ἐν δέπαϊ Od., etc.
11. OF THE STATE, CONDITION, POSITION, in which one is:
12. of outward circumstances, ἐν πολέμῳ, etc., Hom.; ἐν λόγοις εἶναι to be engaged in oratory, Plat.; οἱ ἐν τοῖς πράγμαςι ministers of state, Thuc.; οἱ ἐν τέλει the magistrates, id=Thuc.
13. of inward states, of feeling, etc., ἐν φιλότητι Il.; ἐν φόβῳ εἶναι to be in fear, ἐν αἰςχύνῃ, etc.; also, ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν τινά to make him the object of one's anger, Thuc.; ἐν αἰτίᾳ ἔχειν τινά to blame him, Hdt.
14. often with a neut. adj., ἐν βραχεῖ ͂ βραχέως, Soph.; ἐν τάχει ͂ ταχέως, id=Soph.; ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιεῖςθαι Hdt.; ἐν ἴςῳ ͂ ἴςως, Thuc.
15. OF THE INSTRUMENT, MEANS or MANNER, in or with, ἐν πυρὶ πρῆςαι Il.; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς or ἐν ὄμμαςιν ὁρᾶν have the object in one's eye, Lat. in oculis, Hom.; ἐν λιταῖς by prayers, ἐν δόλῳ by deceit, Aesch., etc.
16. OF TIME, in, in the course of, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ Il.; ἐν ἡμέρᾳ, ἐν νυκτί Hdt., attic; ἐν ᾧ (sc. χρόνῳ), while, Hdt.:— ἐν ταῖς ςπονδαῖς in the time of the truce, Xen.
17. in, within, ἐν ἔτεςι πεντήκοντα Thuc.; ἐν τριςὶ μηςί Xen.
18. WITHOUT CASE, AS ADVERB, in the phrase ἐν δέ . . :
19. and therein, Hom.
20. and among them, Il.
21. and besides, moreover, Hom., Soph.
22. IN COMPOS.:
23. with Verbs, the prep. retains its sense of being in or at a place, etc., c. dat., or foll. by εἰς or ἐν.
24. with Adjs., it qualifies, as in ἔμπικρος, rather better; or expresses the possession of a quality, as in ἔναιμος, with blood in it, ἔμφωνος with a voice.
25. ἐν becomes ἐμ- before the labials β μ π φ ψ; ἐγ- before the gutturals γ κ ξ χ; ἐλ- before λ; and in a few words ἐρ- before ρ.
1. Dep. to have one's abode in a place, c. acc., Aesch.
1. to tell, tell of, relate, describe, Hom., Trag.:—absol. to tell news or tales, Od.
2. simply to speak, Hes., Trag.
3. c. acc. et inf. to bid one do so and so, Soph.
4. to call so and so, ἐνν. τινὰ δοῦλον Eur.
5. = prosenne/pw, to address, τινά Soph.
1. lower, of the world below, Il., Aesch.: c. gen. below, Il. Cf. νέρτερος.
1. to send in or into, Hom.
2. to put in, implant, inspire, c. acc. rei et dat. pers., καί οἱ θάρςος ἐνὶ ςτήθεςςιν ἐνῆκε Il.; ἐνεὶς λύςςαν Eur.
3. reversely, c. acc. pers. et dat. rei, to plunge into, τὸν Ζεὺς ἐνέηκε πόνοιςι Il.
4. generally, to throw in or upon, c. dat., Hom.:—of ships, to launch them into the sea, Od.:— metaph. to incite one to do a thing, c. inf., Mosch.
5. to send into the assembly, employ, Thuc.
6. to inject poison, Xen.
7. intr. to press on, id=Xen.
1. to reprove, upbraid, Lat. objurgo, Hom.
1. to attack, reproach, Hom.; epic inf. ἐνιςςέμεν Il.:—Pass., ἐνιςςόμενος misused, id=Il.
1. to slay in battle, generally, to kill, slay, Il., Soph.; of things, to destroy, Od.
1. ominous, boding, fateful, Lat. fatalis, Od.; neut. ἐναίςιμον and -μα as adv. ominously, Hom.: —in good sense, seasonable, Lat. opportunus, of omens, Il.
2. of persons, righteous, Hom.
3. of things, fit, proper, Il.:—adv. -ws, fitly, becomingly, Aesch., Eur.
1. like, resembling, c. dat., Hom.; θεοῖς ἐναλίγκιος αὐδήν like the gods in voice, Od.
1. set against, hostile, Anth.:—as adv. face to face, against, μαχέςαςθαι, πολεμίζειν Il.
1. set against, hostile, Anth.:—as adv. face to face, against, μαχέςαςθαι, πολεμίζειν Il.
1. opposite, Lat. adversus:
2. of Place, over against, opposite, c. dat., Hom.: fronting, face to face, Od., Eur.:—with Verbs of motion, in opposite directions, meeting, Il.
3. in hostile sense, opposing, facing in fight, id=Il., etc.; c. gen., ἐναντίοι Ἀχαιῶν id=Il., etc.: also c. dat., id=Il.:— οἱ ἐν. one's adversaries, Aesch., etc.:—generally, opposed to, τινί Soph., Xen.
4. of qualities, acts, etc., the opposite, contrary, reverse, Aesch., Soph.; mostly c. gen., τὰ ἐν. τούτων the very reverse of these things, Hdt., etc.; also c. dat., Aesch.
5. in adv. usages:
6. neut. ἐναντίον, opposite, face to face, Od., attic:—as prep. c. gen. in the presence of, before, Lat. coram, c. gen., Soph., Thuc., etc.
7. in hostile sense, against, c. gen., Il.; also c. dat., id=Il., Eur.
8. contrariwise, in attic τοὐναντίον, on the other hand: so also neut. pl. ἐναντία Hdt., Thuc., etc.
9. ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου, over against, opposite, Lat. ex adverso, e regione, Xen., etc.: so, ἐξ ἐναντίας, ionic -ίης, Hdt., Thuc.
10. regul. adv. e)nanti/ws, contrariwise, c. dat., Aesch.: —also c. gen., Plat.:— ἐν. ἔχειν to be exactly opposed, Dem.
1. to strip a slain foe of his arms (ἔναρα), Lat. spoliare, ἔντεα ἐν, τινά Il.:— hence, to slay in fight, and, generally, to slay, id=Il., Aesch.:—Pass., νὺξ ἐναριζομένα night when dying, i. e. when yielding to day, Soph.
1. in the number, to make up the number, Od.: counted among, i. e. among, c. dat., Theocr.
2. taken into account, Lat. in numero habitus, Il.
1. visible, palpable, in bodily shape, properly of gods appearing in their own forms, Hom.; so of a dream or vision, Od., Hdt., etc.; ἐναργὴς ταῦρος in visible form a bull, a very bull, Soph.
2. manifest to the mind's eye, distinct, id=Soph., Dem.:— adv. -gw=s, manifestly, Aesch., etc.
3. of words, etc., distinct, manifest, id=Aesch., Plat., etc.:—adv., ἐναργέως λέγειν Hdt.
1. towards the right hand, from left to right: neut. pl. as adv., θεοῖς ἐνδέξια ᾠνοχόει he filled for the gods from left to right, Il.:—contrary procedure was avoided as unlucky, hence, ἐνδέξια ςήματα propitious omens, id=Il.
2. = decio/s, on the right, Eur.
3. clever, expert, Hhymn.
1. to chase, pursue, 3rd pl. imperf. ἐνδίεςαν, epic for ἐνεδίεςαν, Il.
1. to mark, point out, Lat. indicare, Soph., etc.
2. as attic law-term, to inform against one, Plat.; so in Mid., Plut.:—in Pass., ἐνδεδειγμένος Plat.; ἐνδειχθέντα δεκάζειν being informed against for bribing, Dem.
3. Mid. to shew forth oneself or what is one's own, Πηλείδῃ ἐνδείξομαι I will declare myself to Achilles, Il.; ἐνδείκνυςθαι τὴν γνώμην Hdt.
4. with a part. to shew, give proof of doing, Eur., etc.
5. c. acc. rei, to display, exhibit, Lat. prae se ferre, Aesch., Thuc.
6. ἐνδείκνυςθαί τινι to display oneself to one, make a set at him, court him, Dem., Aeschin.
1. adv. thoughtfully, carefully, sedulously, Hom.
1. c. acc., to go into,
2. of clothes, to put on, Lat. induere sibi, ἔνδυνε χιτῶνα Il.; πέπλον Soph.:—so in Mid., Il., etc.:—perf. ἐνδέδυκα, to wear κιθῶνας Hdt.:—metaph. to put on, assume the person of . . , NTest.
3. to enter, to press into, c. acc., Il., etc.:—also, ἐνδ. εἰς . . , Thuc., etc.:—also c. dat., Xen.:—absol. to enter, Hdt.
4. Causal in pres. ἐνδύω, fut. -δύςω, aor1 -έδυςαLat. induere alicui, to put on another, to clothe in, c. dupl. acc., Xen.
5. to clothe, τινά Hdt.
1. indecl. ninety, Il., etc.
1. a suggestion, κείνης ἐννεςίῃςι (epic dat. pl.) at her suggestion, Il.
1. a pin, brooch, Il.
1. kind, gentle, Hom.
1. kindness, gentleness, Il.
1. of Place, thither, hither, Lat. illuc, huc, Od., etc.
2. in attic like ἔνθα, here or there, Lat. hic, Ar., etc.; οἱ ἐνθάδε those here, opp. to οἱ κάτω, Soph.; also the people of this country, id=Soph.
3. of circumstances, in this case or state, Xen.; so, ἐνθάδ̆ ἥκων having come to this point, Soph.; c. gen., ἐνθάδε τοῦ πάθους at this stage of my suffering, id=Soph.
4. of Time, here, now, id=Soph., Xen.
1. hence, from this quarter, Lat. hinc, Hom., attic; ἐνθένδ̆ αὐτόθεν from this very city, Ar.
2. of Time or Consequence, from that time, Thuc.; ἐνθένδε or τοὐνθένδε, thereafter, Soph., Eur.; τἀνθένδε what followed, the event, id=Eur.
1. to leap in, on, or among, c. dat., Il., Eur.:— λὰξ ἔνθορεν ἰςχίῳ leapt with his feet against his, Od.
1. any long period of time, a cycle, period, περιπλομένων ἐνιαυτῶν as times rolled on, Od.; ἐτῶν ἐνιαυτούς Ar.
2. = e)/tos, a year, Hom., etc.; ἐνιαυτόν during a year, Od.; τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ every year, Xen.; εἰς ἐνιαυτόν for a year, Il.;— κατ̆ ἐνιαυτόν for a year, Thuc.; or every year, attic
1. to break in, break off: metaph., ἐνικλᾶν ὅττι νοήςω to frustrate what I devise, Il.
1. a rebuke, reprof; also abuse, contumely, Hom.
1. indecl. nine, Lat. novem, Hom., etc.
1. of or for nine years, Hom.
2. nine years old. Od.
1. worth nine beeves, Il.
1. nine cubits broad, or long , Il.
1. epic for ἐνάκις χίλιοι nine thousand, Il.
1. indecl. nineteen, Il., etc.
1. in the night, by night, nightly, Lat. nocturnus, Hom., Soph.:— ἐννύχιοι dwellers in the realms of Night, the dead, id=Soph.
1. epic adv. for nine days, Il.
1. a crying, screaming, as of birds, Il.: a war-cry, id=Il.
2. generally, a voice, Od., Eur.
3. of things, a sound, Il., Eur.
1. to leap in or upon another, c. dat., Il.
1. to let fall upon, οὔδει ἐνιςκίμψαντε καρήατα, of horses hanging their heads in grief for their master's loss, Il.:—Pass. to stick in the ground, id=Il.
1. to fix in:—Pass., γαίῃ ἐνεςτήρικτο it stuck fast in earth, Il.
1. to turn inPass. to turn or move in a place, c. dat., Il.
2. c. acc. loci, ςηκοὺς ἐνςτρέφειν to visit them, Eur.
1. to put in or into a ship, Od., attic; so in Mid., Od.:—then, generally, to put in or into, Hes., Hdt., etc.
2. metaph. to put into a person, inspire, Theogn., Xen.;— Mid., χόλον ἔνθεο θυμῷ thou didst store up wrath in thy heart, Il.; πατέρας ἔνθεο τιμῇ hold our fathers in honour, id=Il.
3. to put in the mouth, τί τινι Ar.; and in Mid., ἐνθοῦ, put in, i. e. eat, id=Ar.
1. hither, here, Hom.
1. of Place, here, there, Lat. hic, illic, Hdt., etc.; ἐνταῦθά που here-abouts, Ar.
2. like ἐνταυθοῖ, with sense of motion towards, hither, thither, Lat. huc, illuc, Il., attic
3. c. gen., ἐντ. τῆς ἠπείρου Thuc.; ἔντ. τῆς πολιτείας in that department of government, Dem.
4. of Time, at the very time, then, Aesch., etc.
5. c. gen., ἐντ. ἡλικίας, Lat. ad hoc aetatis, Plat.
6. of Sequence, = Lat. deinde, thereupon, then, Hdt.
7. generally, herein, Soph., Plat., etc.: in this state of things, in this position, Dem.
1. to stretch or strain tightPass., δίφρος ἱμᾶςιν ἐντέταται is hung on tight-stretched straps, Il.; γέφυραι ἐντεταμέναι a bridge with the mooring-cables made taught, Hdt.; ἐντεταμένου τοῦ ςώματος being braced up, Plat.
2. to stretch a bow tight, i. e. string it for shooting (cf. ἐντανύω), Eur.; so in Mid. to string one's bow, id=Eur.:—Pass., τόξα ἐντεταμένα bows ready strung, Hdt.
3. ἐντείνειν ναῦν ποδί to keep a ship's sail taught by the sheet, Eur.
4. to tie tight, id=Eur.
5. metaph. to strain, exert:—so in Mid., φωνὴν ἐντεινάμενος Aeschin.; ἐντεινάμενοι τὴν ἁρμονίαν pitching the tune high, Ar.:—and in Pass., ἐντεινόμενος, on the stretch, eager, Xen.
6. to carry on vigorously, Plut.
7. so intr. in Act. to exert oneself, be vehement, Eur.
8. to stretch out at or against, πληγὴν ἐντείνειν τινί, Lat. plagam intendere, to lay a blow on him, Xen.
9. to put into verse, Plat.
1. working in harness, ἡμίονοι ἐντ. draught- mules, Il.
1. to turn about τὰ νῶτα Hdt.: to alter, Luc.
2. Mid. or Pass., aor2 ἐνετράπην [α^], to turn about, linger, hesitate, Soph.
3. c. gen. pers. to turn towards, give heed to, pay regard to, to respect or reverence, Hom., Trag.
4. c. inf. to take care that, Theogn.
5. absol. to feel shame or fear, NTest.
1. to run in, εἰ ἐντρέχοι ἀγλαὰ γυῖα, if his limbs moved freely in [the armour], Il.
2. to slip in, enter, Anth.
1. to keep turning round, of men retreating, Il.
1. adv., ἐντυπὰς ἐν χλαίνῃ κεκαλυμμένος (of Priam in his grief), wrapt up in his mantle so closely as to shew his limbs, Il.
1. within, inside, Lat. intus, opp. to ἐκτός:
2. as prep. with gen., τείχεος ἐντός Il.; ἐντὸς Ὀλύμπου Hes., etc.; ἐντὸς ἐμαυτοῦ in my senses, Hdt.; so absol., ἐντὸς ὤν Dem.:—also with Verbs of motion, τείχεος ἐντὸς ἰέναι Il.
3. within, i. e. on this side, Lat. citra, ἐντὸς τοῦ Ἄλυος ποταμοῦ Hdt., etc.
4. of Time, within, ἐντὸς εἴκοςιν ἡμερῶν Thuc.; ἐντὸς ἑςπέρας short of, i. e. before, evening, Xen.
5. absol. within, ἐντὸς ἐέργειν Hom.; ἐντὸς ἔχειν Thuc.; τὰ ἐντός the inner parts, inwards, id=Thuc.
1. to equip, deck out, get ready, Hom.; δέπας δ̆ ἔντυνον (aor1 imperat.) prepare the cup, i. e. mix the wine, Il.; εὖ ἐντύναςαν ἓ αὐτήν having decked herself well out, id=Il.:—Mid., ὄφρα τάχιςτα ἐντύνεαι (epic for ἐντύνῃ) may'st get thee ready, Od.:—Mid., c. acc., to prepare for oneself, ἐντύνεςθαι δαῖτα, δεῖπνον Hom.
1. the face, countenance, dat. ἐνωπῇ as adv., before the face, openly, Il.
1. in or on the way, by the way-side, Il., Aesch.:—epith. of gods, who had their statues by the way-side, Lat. triviales, as of Hecate, Soph., Eur.; Ἐνοδία, = Lat. Trivia, id=Eur.
1. to arouse, stir up in a person, Il.:—Pass. to arise in or among, ἐνῶρτο γέλως θεοῖςιν id=Il.
1. in dreams appearing, Aesch.
1. the inner wall fronting those who enter a building or the side-walls of the entrance, Hom.
1. to lead out:
2. of persons, to lead or carry out from a place, Hom., etc.: to bring forth into the world, Il.: to lead out to execution, Hdt.
3. to march out (sub. ςτρατόν), Xen.: generally, to go out, id=Xen.
4. to eject a claimant from property, Dem., etc.
5. of merchandise, to carry out, export, Ar., etc.:—Pass., τὰ ἐξαγόμενα exports, Xen.
6. to draw off water, id=Xen.
7. of building, to carry further out, Thuc.
8. to call forth, excite, δάκρυ Eur.:—Mid., γέλωτα ἐξάγεςθαι Xen.
9. to lead on, carry away, excite, τινά Eur., Thuc.; and in bad sense, to lead on, tempt, id=Thuc.:—Pass. to be led on, c. inf., Xen.
1. Dep.:— to leap out of or forth from a place, c. gen., Il.; προμάχων ἐξάλμενος springing out from the front rank, id=Il.; ἐξάλατο ναός (doric for ἐξήλατο νηός) Theocr.:—absol. to jump off, hop off, Ar.; ἵν̆ ἐξήλλου; to what point didst thou leap forth, i. e. to what misery hast thou come? Soph.; of wheels, to start from the axle, Xen.
2. to leap up. id=Xen.: of horses, to rear, id=Xen.
1. to fasten from, i. e. to, a thing, c. gen., Hom., Eur.; τι ἔκ τινος Hdt.
2. metaph., ἐξ. ςτόματος λιτάς to let prayers fall from one's mouth, Eur.
3. ἐξ. τί τινι to place upon, id=Eur.
4. Mid. to hang on, Il.
5. to hang a thing to oneself, carry it about one, wear, Eur.
1. to begin with, make a beginning of, Lat. auctor esse, c. gen., ἐξῆρχε γόοιο Il., etc.:—so in Mid., ἐξήρχετο βουλῆς Od.
2. c. acc., βουλὰς ἐξάρχων Il.;—also ἐξάρχειν or ἐξάρχεςθαι παιᾶνά τινι to begin a hymn to one, address it to him, Xen.
1. to draw or drag out, Il.
2. to drag out from a place, c. gen., Od., Eur.
3. to drag along, Soph., Eur.
1. Dep.:— to go or come out of, c. gen. loci, Hom., Hdt., etc.; of an actor, to come out on the stage, Ar.:—also c. acc., ἐξ. τὴν χώρην Hdt.:—absol. to go away, march off, Il.: also, to march out, go forth, ἐπί τινα Hdt.:—c. acc. cogn. to go out on an expedition, Xen.: to go through a work, Soph.
2. ἐξ. εἰς ἔλεγχον to stand forth and come to the trial, Eur.: to turn out so and so, Soph.
3. c. acc. rei, to execute, Thuc.
4. of Time, to come to an end, expire, Hdt., Soph.
5. of prophecies, dreams, events, to be accomplished, come true, Hdt.; ὀρθὸν ἐξ. to come out right, Soph.; μὴ ἐξέλθῃ ςαφής lest he turn out a true prophet, id=Soph.
1. beaten out, of metal, Il.
1. to send out, let one go out, Od.; γόου ἐξ ἔρον εἵην had dismissed, satisfied the desire of lamentation, Il.; ἐξιέναι πάντα κάλων (v. sub κάλως):— to take out, Hdt.
2. intr. of rivers, to discharge themselves, id=Hdt., Thuc.
3. Mid. to put off from oneself, get rid of, πόςιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο Hom.
4. to send from oneself, divorce, γυναῖκα Hdt.
1. epic Dep. to carry off, Od.; c. dupl. acc., ἐξαίνυτο θυμὸν ἀμφοτέρω took away life from both, Il.
1. beyond what is ordained or fated: hence,
2. lawless, Od.
3. extraordinary, violent, Hdt., Xen.; ἐξ. φυγή headlong flight, id=Xen.
1. adv. on a sudden, Il., attic; ἐξ. ἀποθανόντος, the moment he is dead, Plat.
1. to send out tidings, report, of traitors and the like, Il., attic:—Mid. to cause to be proclaimed, Hdt., Soph.; c. inf. to promise to do, Eur.: —Pass. to be reported, Hdt.; impers., ἐξαγγέλλεται it is reported, id=Hdt.
1. to take out of a thing, τί τινος Hom., etc.; ἔκ τινος Hdt., etc.:—simply to take out, νηδύν id=Hdt.:—Mid. to take out for oneself, Il.; ἐξ. τὰ φορτία to discharge their cargoes, Hdt.
2. to take from among others, to pick out, choose, Hom., etc.:—Mid. to choose for oneself, carry off as booty, id=Hom.:—Pass. to be given as a special honour, τινι to one, Thuc.; ἐξαραιρημένος Ποςειδέωνι dedicated to him, Hdt.
3. to take out of a number, to except, id=Hdt., attic
4. to expel people from their seats, Hdt., Thuc.
5. to take out, remove, Hdt., attic
6. in Mid. to bereave a person of life, c. dupl. acc., μιν ἐξείλετο θυμόν Il., attic; or c. gen. pers., μευ φρένας ἐξέλετο Il.; rarely c. dat. pers., id=Il.:—Mid. to take away from one, Soph.:—Pass., ἐξαιρεθέντες τὸν Δημοκήδεα having had him taken out of their hands, Hdt.
7. in Mid. to set free, deliver, Aesch., Dem.
8. to make away with, annul, Soph.: to demolish a city, Hdt., etc.
9. to bring to an end, accomplish, Eur.
1. that can be taken out, removable, Hdt.
2. ἐξαίρετος, ον taken out, picked out, chosen, Lat. eximius, Hom., etc.
3. excepted, Eur., Thuc., etc.: special, remarkable, Dem.
1. Dep. to heal completely, heal the wound, make amends, Il.
2. c. acc. to appease, Hom.; to make up for, Xen.
3. to mend clothes, Plat.
1. to sack a city, Il., etc.:—also, to empty a city of its inhabitants, clear it out, so as to plant new settlers in it, μίαν πόλιν ἐξαλαπάξας Od.: generally, to destroy utterly, Il.
1. to send forth, let loose, Il., Soph.:—c. gen. to send forth from, Eur.
2. to let go, id=Eur.
3. to slacken, undo, id=Eur.:—and intr. to slacken, relax, Soph.; c. gen., ὀργῆς ἐξανείς Eur.
1. to set quite free from, c.gen., Il.
1. to accomplish, fulfil, make effectual, Il., Soph.:—Mid. to accomplish or finish for oneself, Eur.
2. to finish or dispatch, i. e. kill, Lat. conficere, Il.
3. of Time and Distance, to bring to an end, finish, accomplish, βίοτον Soph.; δρόμον Eur.:—absol. to finish one's way to a place, arrive at it, ἐς or ἐπὶ τόπον Hdt.; also c. acc. loci, Soph., Eur.
4. c. inf. to manage to do, id=Eur.
5. Mid. to obtain, τι παρά τινος id=Eur.
1. sudden, unexpected.
1. to deceive or beguile thoroughly, Hom., Hdt., etc.:— also, ἐξ. τινά τι in a thing, Xen.
1. Pass. to return out of, Il.
1. to satisfy in full, Il.
1. to destroy utterly, Trag., etc.
2. Mid., with perf. 2 ἐξαπόλωλα, aor2 ἐξαπωλόμην: — to perish utterly out of a place, c. gen., Hom., Aesch.:—absol. to perish utterly, Hdt.
1. to snatch away from a place, c. gen., Od.; τι παρά τινος Hdt.; τι ἐκ χερῶν τινος Eur.:— to rescue, Il.:—Pass., οἱ ἐξηρπαςμένοι the captured ones, Soph.
2. to tear out, Ar.
1. to speak out, Il., Soph.:—so in Mid., Aesch.
1. over again, once more, anew, Il.
2. of place, back again, backwards, id=Il.
1. occurs in Hom.:— to drive out from, ἄντρου ἐξήλαςε μῆλα Od.; absol. to drive afield, of a shepherd, id=Od.:—esp. to drive out or expel from a place, id=Od., Aesch., etc.
2. to drive out horses or chariots, Il.: Mid. to drive out one's horses, Theocr.; so, ἐξελαύνειν ςτρατόν to lead out an army, Hdt.: hence
3. intr. to march out, Hdt.: to drive or ride out, Thuc.
4. to knock out, Od.
5. to beat out metals, Hdt.
1. to strip or spoil a foe slain in fight, Il.; τεύχεα ἐξ. to strip off his arms, id=Il.
2. to kill, slay, Hom.
1. to strike off: intr. in aor, 2 ἐξήρι^πον, inf. ἐξερι^πεῖν, to fall to earth, Il.; χαίτη ζεύγλης ἐξεριποῦςα the mane streaming downwards from the yoke, id=Il.
1. epic Verb,
2. c. acc. rei, to inquire into, Od.
3. c. acc. pers. to inquire after, id=Od.: absol. to make inquiry, Il.; so in Mid., id=Il.
4. to search thoroughly, Od.
1. to swerve from the course, Il.
1. to draw out of, c. gen., Il.; ἰχθύας ἔκτοςθε θαλάςςης ἐξέρυςαν Od.:—also, to snatch out of, ἐξείρυςε χειρὸς τόξον Il.: to tear out, Od.
1. a sending out, mission, embassy, Hom.
1. to find out, discover, Il., Thuc., etc.
2. to invent, Hdt., Aesch.
3. simply to find, Soph.
4. to seek out, search after, Hdt.
5. to find out, win, get, procure, Soph.
1. to look out, see far, Il.: also imperat. mid., ἐξιδοῦ see well to it, Soph.
1. to speak out, tell out, declare, Lat. effari, Hom., Thuc.
2. c. dupl. acc. to tell something of a person, Soph., Eur.
1. Dep.
2. to be leader of others, c. gen., Il.:—also c. acc. pers. to lead, direct, govern, Thuc.
3. to go first, lead the way, Hhymn., Hdt.
4. c. dat. pers. to shew one the way, go before, lead, id=Hdt., Soph., etc.
5. c. gen. rei, to conduct a business, Xen.
6. ἐξ. εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα to lead an army into Greece, id=Xen.
7. like Lat. praeire verbis, to prescribe or dictate a form of words, Eur., Dem.:—generally to prescribe, order, Hdt., Aesch., etc.:— to prescribe or expound the form to be observed in religious ceremonies, Hdt., attic
8. to tell at length, relate in full, Hdt., attic
1. to make straight, Il.
1. Dep.
2. to reach, arrive at a place, c. acc., Hom., Trag.
3. c. acc. pers. to come to as a suppliant, Od.
4. c. acc. rei, to arrive at or reach an object, to complete, accomplish, Thuc.; so c. gen., Eur.
5. absol. to reach, Hdt., Xen.:—of mental operations, ὅςον δυνατός εἰμι ἐξικέςθαι so far as I can get by inquiry, Hdt.
6. of things, to be sufficient, Plat.
1. to have gone out, to be quite gone, Il., Soph.
1. to go out or forth, ἐξοιχνεῦςι (ionic for -οῦςι), Il.
1. to name, speak of by name, Hom.
1. by name, calling by name, Hom.
1. of Place, backwards, back again, Il.
2. as prep. with gen. behind, id=Il.
3. of Time, hereafter, Od.
1. ςμῶδιξ μεταφρένου ἐξυπανέςτη a weal started up from under the skin of the back, Il.
1. behind, in rear, Il.
2. as prep. with gen. behind, ἐξ. κεράων id=Il.
1. to be governor of, τῆς χώρας Xen.; of consular authority, Plut.
2. to rule in addition to one's own dominions, Xen.
3. Mid. in the phrase δεπάεςςιν ἐπάρχεςθαι, to begin with the cups, i. e. by offering libations to the gods before the wine was served, Hom.
4. generally, to offer, Hhymn.
1. to have hopes of, to hope that . . , c. inf. fut., Hom., Aesch.
1. to be like, to suit, c. dat. pers., ὅςτις οἵ τ̆ ἐπέοικε Il.
2. mostly impers. it is fit, proper, c. dat. pers. et inf., id=Il.; νέῳ ἐπέοικε κεῖςθαι 'tis a seemly thing for a young man to lie dead, id=Il.:—c. acc. pers. et inf., λαοὺς δ̆ οὐκ ἐπέοικε ἐπαγείρειν id=Il.:—c. inf. alone, ἀποδώςομαι ὅςς̆ ἐπέοικε [ἀποδόςθαι] id=Il.:—part. pl. ἐπεικότα, seemly, fit, Aesch.
1. Dep.,
2. to come upon, come near, come suddenly upon, τινι Hom., Hdt.:— to come to for advice, Lat. adire aliquem, Eur.
3. in hostile sense, to go or come against, to attack, assault, absol. or c. dat., Il., Eur., etc.; c. acc., τὴν τῶν πέλας ἐπ. to invade it, Thuc.; hence, to visit, reprove, τινα Eur.
4. to come forward to speak, id=Eur., Thuc.; also, ἐπ. ἐπὶ τὸν δῆμον Hdt.
5. of conditions, events, etc., to come suddenly upon, ὕπνος ἐπήλυθέ τινα or τινι Od.
6. c. dat. pers. to come into one's head, occur to one, ἵμερος ἐπῆλθέ μοι ἐπείρεςθαι Hdt.; or impers. c. inf., καί οἱ ἐπῆλθε πταρεῖν it happened to him to sneeze, id=Hdt.
7. of Time, to come on, return, of the seasons, Od.; so, νὺξ ἐπῆλθε id=Od.
8. to come in after or over another, of a second wife, Hdt.
9. to go over or on a space, to traverse, Lat. obire, c. acc., Od.:— of water, to overflow, Hdt.:—so in attic to go the round of, visit, Soph., Eur.
10. to go through, treat of, recount, id=Eur., Ar.
11. to go through, execute, Thuc.
1. to have or hold upon, πόδας θρόνῳ Il.
2. to hold out to, present, offer, οἶνον id=Il., Eur.; so c. inf., πιεῖν ἐπέςχον Ar.:— Mid., ἐπιςχόμενος (sc. τὴν κύλικα) having put it to his lips, Plat.
3. to direct towards, τόξα ἐπ. τινί Eur.:—intr. to aim at, attack, τινί Od.; ἐπί τινα Hdt.; ἐπί τινι Thuc.:—aor2 mid. part. ἐπιςχόμενος having aimed at him, Od.
4. ἐπέχειν (sc. τὸν νοῦν), to intend, purpose, c. inf., Hdt.
5. to stand facing, to face in a line of battle, τινάς id=Hdt.
6. to keep in, hold back, check, Lat. inhibere, Il., Soph., etc.
7. ἐπέχειν τινά τινος to stop him, hinder him from it, id=Soph., Eur.: so c. inf., ἐπ. τινὰ μὴ πράςςειν τι Soph.:—absol. to stay proceedings, Thuc.
8. absol. also to stay, stop, wait, pause, Od., Hdt.; ἐπίςχες ἔςτ̆ ἂν προςμάθῃς Aesch.; ἐπ. ἕως . . Dem.
9. c. gen. rei, to stop or cease from, ἐπίςχες τοῦ δρόμου Ar.; τῆς πορείας Xen.:—so c. inf. to leave off doing, id=Xen.
10. to reach or extend over a space, ἑπτὰ δ̆ ἐπέςχε πέλεθρα Il.; ὁπόςςον ἐπέςχε πῦρ so far as the fire reached, id=Il.; aor2 mid., ἐπέςχετο he lay outstretched, Hes.
11. to occupy a country, τὴν Ἀςίην Hdt., etc.:—of things, ἡ ὀπώρη ἐπέςχεν αὐτούς occupied or engaged them, id=Hdt.
12. absol. to prevail, predominate, of a wind, id=Hdt.; of an earthquake, Thuc.
1. Conj. = e)pei\ a)/n
1. lovely, charming, Hom.
1. properly, woven upon, closely woven: then, close-thronged, one upon another, Il.
1. on, upon with gen., dat., and acc.
2. prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Radic. signf. upon.
3. :
4. of Place,
5. with Verbs of Rest, upon or on, κεῖςθαι ἐπὶ χθονός Il.; ἐφ̆ ἵππου on horse-back, etc.; ἐπὶ γῆς upon earth, Soph.; ἐπ̆ ἀγροῦ in the country, Od.; also at or near, ἐπὶ Λήμνου off Lemnos, Hdt., etc.:—with Verbs of motion, the sense is pregnant, ἐπ̆ ἠπείροιο ἔρυςςαν drew the ship upon the land and left it there, Il., etc.; ἀναβῆναι ἐπὶ τῶν πύργων Xen.
6. not strictly of Place, μένειν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς to remain in the command, id=Xen.; ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων engaged in business, Dem.: —of ships, ὁρμεῖν ἐπ̆ ἀγκύρας to ride at (i. e. in dependence on an) anchor, Hdt.
7. with the person. and reflex. Pron., ἐφ̆ ὑμείων by yourselves, Il.; ἐφ̆ αὑτοῦ by himself, Thuc.; αὐτὸς ἐφ̆ ἑαυτοῦ Xen.
8. with numerals, to denote the depth of a body of soldiers, ἐπὶ τεττάρων four deep, id=Xen.; ἐπ̆ ὀλίγων i. e. in a long thin file, id=Xen.; ἐφ̆ ἑνός in single file, id=Xen.
9. c.gen. pers. before, in presence of, Lat. coram, ἐπὶ πάντων Dem.
10. with Verbs of observing, in, ὁρᾶν τι ἐπί τινος Xen.
11. of motion towards, προτρέποντο ἐπὶ νηῶν Il.; πλεῖν ἐπὶ Χίου to sail for Chios, Hdt.; ἡ ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνος ὁδός the road leading to B., Xen.
12. of Time, in the time of, ἐπὶ προτέρων ἀνθρώπων Il.; ἐπὶ Κύρου Hdt.; ἐπ̆ ἐμοῦ in my time, id=Hdt.
13. in various Causal senses:
14. over, of persons in authority, ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ὁπλιτῶν, ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ἱππέων Dem.; ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς διοικήςεως the paymaster, id=Dem.
15. κεκλῆςθαι ἐπί τινος to be called after him, Hdt.; ἡ ἐπ̆ Ἀνταλκίδου εἰρήνη καλουμένη Xen.
16. of occasions, and the like, ἐπὶ πάντων on all occasions, Dem.; so in phrases which became adverbial, ἐπ̆ ἴςης (sc. μοίρας) equally, Soph.
17. WITH DAT.:
18. of Place, upon, ἕξεςθαι ἐπὶ δίφρῳ Il.:—with Verbs of Motion, id=Il.; in pregnant construction, πέτονται ἐπ̆ ἄνθεςιν fly on to the flowers and settle there, id=Il.:— at or near, ἐπὶ θύρῃςι id=Il.:— on or over, ἐπ̆ Ἰφιδάμαντι over the body of Iphidamas, id=Il.
19. in hostile sense, against, Hdt.
20. towards, in reference to, ἐπὶ πᾶςι Il.; νόμον τίθεςθαι ἐπί τινι to make a law for his case, whether for or against, Plat.
21. of accumulation, upon, after, ὄγχνη ἐπ̆ ὄγχνῃ one pear after another, Od.
22. in addition to, ἐπὶ τοῖςι besides, ἐπὶ τούτοις attic
23. of position, after, behind, of soldiers, Xen.
24. in dependence upon, in the power of, Lat. penes, ἐπί τινί ἐςτι 'tis in his power to do, c. inf., Hdt.; τὸ ἐπ̆ ἐμοί as far as is in my power, Xen.
25. of condition or circumstances, Il., etc.; ἐπὶ τῷ παρόντι Thuc.
26. of Time, ἐπὶ νυκτί by night, Il.; αἰεὶ ἐπ̆ ἤματι every day, Od.
27. after, ἕκτῃ ἐπὶ δεκάτῃ or τῇ ἕκτῃ ἐπὶ δέκα, on the 16th of the month, ap. Dem.; τὰ ἐπὶ τούτοις, Lat. quod superest, Thuc.; τοὐπὶ τῷδε Eur.
28. in various Causal senses:
29. of the occasion or cause, ἐπὶ ςοί for thee, Il.; μέγα φρονεῖν ἐπί τινι to be proud at or of a thing, Plat.; ἀγανακτεῖν ἐπί τινι Xen.
30. of an end or purpose, ἐπὶ δόρπῳ for supper, Od.; ἐπὶ κακῷ for mischief, Hdt.; δῆςαι ἐπὶ θανάτῳ id=Hdt., Xen.; ἐπ̆ ἐξαγωγῇ for exportation, Hdt.
31. of the condition upon which a thing is done, ἐπὶ τούτοις on these terms, id=Hdt.; ἐφ̆ ᾧ or ἐφ̆ ᾧτε on condition that, id=Hdt.; ἐπὶ οὐδενί on no account, id=Hdt.; ἐπ̆ ἴςῃ καὶ ὁμοίᾳ on fair and equal terms, Thuc.
32. of price, ἔργον τελέςαι μεγάλῳ ἐπὶ δώρῳ Il.; ἐπὶ πόςῳ; Plat.; ἐπ̆ ἀργυρίῳ Dem.; of the interest payable on money, δανείζεςθαι ἐπὶ τοῖς μεγάλοις τόκοις id=Dem.
33. κεκλῆςθαι ἐπί τινι to be called after, Plat.
34. of persons in authority, ἐπὶ βουςίν over the kine, Od.; ἐπὶ ταῖς ναυςίν Xen.; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμαςιν Dem.
35. WITH ACC.:
36. of Place, upon or on to a height, ἐπὶ πύργον ἔβη Il.; προελθεῖν ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα Thuc.; ἀναβαίνειν ἐπὶ τὸν ἵππον Xen.: simply to, ἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας Il., etc.:—metaph., ἐπὶ ἔργα τρέπεςθαι id=Il.; ἐπὶ τὴν τράπεζαν ὀφείλειν to owe to the bank, Dem.
37. up to, as far as, ἐπὶ θάλαςςαν Thuc.:—in measurements, πλέον ἢ ἐπὶ δύο ςτάδια Xen.; with a neut. adj., ὅςον τ̆ ἔπι as far as, Il.; ἐπὶ πᾶν ἐλθεῖν Xen.; ἐπὶ ςμικρόν, a little way, a little, Soph.; ἐπ̆ ἔλαττον, ἐπ̆ ἐλάχιςτον Plat., etc.
38. ἐπὶ πλέον still more, Hdt.; before, Lat. coram, ἦγον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὰ κοινά id=Hdt.
39. in Military phrases, ἐπ̆ ἀςπίδας πέντε καὶ εἴκοςιν, i. e. 25 in file, Thuc.
40. towards, to, ἐπὶ δεξιά, ἐπ̆ ἀριςτερά Hom., etc.:—also in Military phrases, ἐπὶ δόρυ ἀναςτρέψαι, ἐπὶ ἀςπίδα μεταβαλέςθαι, to the spear or shield side, i. e. to right or left, Xen.; ἐπὶ πόδα ἀναχωρεῖν to retire on the foot, i. e. facing the enemy, id=Xen.; ἐπὶ τὸ μεῖζον, with exaggeration, Thuc.; ἐπὶ τὰ γελοιότερα so as to provoke laughter, Plat.
41. in hostile sense, against, Il., etc.
42. of extension over a space, ἐπ̆ ἐννέα κεῖτο πέλεθρα over nine acres he lay stretched, id=Il.; ἐπὶ πολύ over a large space, Thuc.:—so in many cases, where we say on, rather than over, δράκων ἐπὶ νῶτα δαφοινός Il.; ἵππους ἐπὶ νῶτον ἐί̈ςας id=Il.
43. of Time, for or during a certain time, πολλὸν ἐπὶ χρόνον id=Il.; ἐπὶ δέκα ἔτη Thuc.
44. up to or till a certain time, ἐπ̆ ἠῶ καὶ μέςον ἦμαρ Od.
45. in various Causal senses:
46. of the object or purpose for which one goes, ἐπὶ Τυδῆ for (i. e. to bring) tidings of Tydeus, Il.; ἐλθεῖν ἐπ̆ ἀργύριον Xen.:—with neut. Pron., ἐπὶ τοῦτο ἐλθεῖν for this purpose, id=Xen.; ἐπὶ τί; to what end? Lat. quorsum? Ar.; ἐπὶ τόκον for (i. e. to gain) interest, Dem.
47. as regards, τοὐπ̆ ἐμέ, τοὐπί ςε Eur.
48. of persons set over others, ἐπὶ τοὺς πεζοὺς καθιςτάναι ἄρχοντα Xen.
49. according to, by, ἐπὶ ςτάθμην by the rule, Od.
50. POSITION:— ἐπί may follow its case, when it becomes ἔπι by anastrophe.
51. ABSOL., ἐπί without anastrophe, esp. ἐπὶ δέ, and besides, Hdt.
52. ἔπι, for ἔπεςτι, 'tis here, Hom.
53. IN COMPOS.:
54. of Place, denoting Rest upon, as in ἐπίκειμαι, or Motion, upon or over, as in ἐπιβαίνω; to or towards, as in ἐπαρίςτερος, ἐπιδέξιος; against, as in ἐπαί̈ςςω, ἐπιςτρατεύω; up to a point, as in ἐπιτελέω; over or beyond boundaries, as in ἐπινέμομαι, ἐπεργαςία.
55. Extension over a surface, as in ἐπαλείφω, ἐπάργυρος, ἐπίχρυςος.
56. Accumulation or addition, as in ἐπιβάλλω, ἐπίκτητος.
57. Accompaniment, to, with, as in ἐπᾴδω, ἐπαυλέω.
58. Interest, ἐπίτριτος one and 1/3 more, 1+1/3, Lat. sesquitertius; so ἐπιτέταρτος, etc.
59. of Time and Sequence, after, as in ἐπιγίγνομαι.
60. in Causal senses, of Superiority felt over or at, as in ἐπιχαίρω, ἐπιγελάω; of Authority, over, as in ἐπικρατέω, ἐπιβούκολος; of Motive, for, as in ἐπιθυμέω, ἐπιθάνατος; to give force or intensity to the Verb, as in ἐπαινέω, ἐπιμέμφομαι.
1. that may be overrun, τεῖχος ἐπ. a wall that may be scaled, Il.; ἐπίδρ. Ζεφύροιςι overrun by the W. winds, Anth.
2. ἐπίδρομος, ὁ, a cord which runs along the upper edge of a net, Xen.
1. acceptable gifts, Soph., Anth.
1. something put on, a lid, cover, Il., Hdt.
2. a sepulchral figure, Plut.
1. head-foremost, v. ka/r II.
1. serving as Pass. to ἐπιτίθημι, to be laid upon:
2. of doors, to be put to or closed, Od., Theogn.
3. to be placed in or on, c. dat., Hes., Theocr.
4. of islands, νῆςοι ἐπὶ Λήμνου ἐπικείμεναι lying off Lemnos, Hdt.; so, ἐπ. τῇ Θρηί̈κῃ id=Hdt.; αἱ νῆςοι αἱ ἐπικείμεναι the islands off the coast, Thuc.
5. to press upon, be urgent in intreaty, Hdt.: to press upon a retreating enemy, c. dat., id=Hdt., Ar., etc.
6. to hang over, Lat. imminere, c. dat., Xen.; of penalties, θάνατος ἡ ζημίη ἐπικέαται the penalty imposed is death, Hdt.; ζημία ἐπέκειτο ςτατήρ Thuc.
7. c. acc. rei, ἐπικείμεναι κάρα κυνέας having their heads covered with helmets, Eur.; πρόςωπον ἐπικείμενος under an assumed character, Plut.
1. a surname or additional name; the acc. being used absol. as adv., by surname, Ἀςτυάναξ, ὃν Τρῶες ἐπίκληςιν καλέουςι Astyanax, as they call him by surname (his name being Scamandrius), Il., etc.
2. generally, a name, Thuc.
3. an imputation, id=Thuc.
4. a calling upon, invocation, appeal, Plut., Luc.
1. thievish, wily, Od., Aesch.
2. c. gen., ἐπίκλοπος μύθων cunning in speech, Hom.
1. an assister, ally, Il., Hdt.; of the allies of Troy, Τρῶες ἠδ̆ ἐπίκουροι Il.
2. in attic, ἐπίκουροι were mercenary troops, opp. to the citizen-soldiers (πολῖται), Thuc., Xen.
3. = dorufo/roi, the bodyguards of kings, Hdt.
4. as adj. assisting, aiding, c. dat. pers., Il., Ar., etc.
5. c. gen. rei, defending or protecting against, Soph., Eur., Xen.
1. a common, Il.
1. sworn falsely, of oaths, Il.: as Subst., ἐπίορκον ὀμνύναι to take a false oath, swear falsely, Il., Hes.: but also, ἐπ. ἐπώμοςε he swore a bootless oath, Il.
2. of persons, forsworn, perjured, Hes., Eur., etc.
1. an over-keeper, a guardian, watcher, ward, c. gen., ὑῶν ἐπίουρος Od., etc.; c. dat., Κρήτῃ ἐπ. guardian over Crete, of Minos, Il.
1. hasting to the rescue, a helper, Il., Hes.: —c. gen. giving aid against, Aesch.
2. ἐπ. κακά reproaches bandied backwards and forwards, abusive language, Soph.
1. Dep.:
2. c. inf. to know how to do, to be able to do, capable of doing, Hom., attic
3. to be assured or believe that a thing is, Hdt.
4. c. acc. to understand a matter, know, be versed in or acquainted with, Hom., etc.:—after Hom. to know as a fact, know for certain, know well, Hdt., attic
5. rarely, to know a person, Eur.
6. c. part., to know that one is, has, etc., Hdt., attic
7. part. pres. ἐπιςτάμενος, η, ον, is often also used as an adj. knowing, understanding, skilful, Hom.:—c. gen. skilled or versed in a thing, id=Hom.:—adv. e)pistame/nws, skilfully, expertly, id=Hdt., Hes.
1. to hold or direct towards, Il.; τινί against one, Hes.
2. to restrain, withhold, check, id=Hes., attic:—c. gen. to restrain from a thing, Od.
3. intr. to leave off, stop, wait, Thuc.; imperat. ἔπιςχε, hold, Eur.
1. the metal hoop round the felloe (ςῶτρον), the tire of a wheel, Il.
1. to lift up and set on a car or stand, c. gen., Il.
2. to lift, raise, id=Il., Soph., etc.: Mid., ὅπλα ἐπαίρεςθαι Eur.
3. to exalt, magnify, Xen.
4. intr. to lift up one's leg or rise up, Hdt.
5. to stir up, excite, id=Hdt., Soph., etc.: — to induce or persuade one to do, c. inf., Hdt., Ar.: —Pass. to be led on, excited, Hdt., etc.
6. Pass., also, to be elated at a thing, id=Hdt., Thuc., etc.:—absol. to be conceited or proud, Ar.
1. to rush at or upon, c. gen., Il.
2. c. dat. pers. to rush upon her, Od.
3. c. acc. to assail, assault, Ἕκτορα Il.:—Mid., ἐπαί̈ξαςθαι ἄεθλον to rush at (i. e. seize upon) the prize, id=Il.
4. absol., of a hawk, ταρφέ̆ ἐπαί̈ςςει makes frequent swoops, id=Il.; of the wind, id=Il., attic
5. later, ἐπ. πόδα to move with hasty step, Eur.:—Pass., χεῖρες ἐπαί̈ςςονται they move lightly, Il.
1. blamed for a thing, blameable, blameworthy, Il., Aesch., etc.
1. Pass. to glory in, exult in a thing, c. dat., Il.; ἐπί τινι Xen.
1. to gather together, collect, of things, Il.:—Pass., of men, to assemble, Od.
1. to honour still more:—Pass. to pride oneself on a thing, glory or exult in it, Il.
1. to rush furiously upon, of a stormy wind, Hom.
1. to approve, applaud, commend, Lat. laudare, Hom., etc.; ἐπ. τινά τι to commend one for a thing, Aesch.
2. to compliment publicly, panegyrize, Thuc.
3. to undertake to do, c. inf., Eur.
4. the aor. ἐπῄνεςα is in attic used in a pres. sense, ἐπῄνες̆ ἔργον I commend it, Soph.: and absol., well done! Ar.
5. to recommend, exhort, advise, c. inf., Soph.
6. as a civil form of declining an offer, I thank you, I am much obliged, κάλλιςτ̆, ἐπαινῶ Ar.; so, ἐπ. τὴν κλῆςιν to decline it, Xen.
7. of Rhapsodists, to declaim, Plat.
1. dread, Hom.
1. to ask besides, Il., Soph.:—so in Mid., id=Soph.
1. to listen or hearken to, to hear, c. acc., Hom., attic: also c. gen., Hdt., Eur.:— c. acc. rei et gen. pers. to hear a thing from a person, Od.
2. absol. to give ear, hearken, Aesch., etc.
3. to obey, τινός Il., Soph.
1. a hunter, Hom.
1. to defend, aid, help, τινί Il.
2. to ward off, keep off, c. acc., id=Il.
1. to interchange, πολέμοιο πεῖραρ ἐπαλλάξαντες making the rope-end of war go now this way, now that, i. e. fighting with doubtful victory, (metaph. from a game like "soldiers and sailors"), Il.:—Pass. to cross one another, Xen.; ποὺς ἐπαλλαχθεὶς ποδί closely joined, Eur.: to be entangled, perplexed, Xen.
1. to exchange, barter, Il.:—Mid. to come one after another, come in turn to, id=Il.
1. a helper, defender, Od.
1. to come to aid, defend, assist, τινί Il., Thuc., etc.:—absol., Il., Hdt., etc.
1. to set up again, Plat.
2. to make to rise against, Plut.
3. Pass., with fut. mid., aor2 and perf. act. to stand up after another or at his word, Il.: to rise from bed, Ar.: to rise to speak, Dem.:—of buildings, to be raised, Ar.
4. to rise up against, rise in insurrection against, τινι Hdt., Thuc.: absol. to rise in insurrection, id=Thuc.
1. to lay upon, τί τινι Ar.
1. to hold out as a threat to one, τί τινι Hom., Hdt., Soph.:—c. dat. only, to threaten, Il.:—c. inf. to threaten to do, Hdt., Soph.; inf. omitted, ὡς ἐπαπείληςεν as he threatened, Il.:—Pass. to be threatened, Soph.
1. an imprecation, Il.
1. to come to aid, help, τινί Hom., Eur.: absol., aor1 imperat. ἐπαρῆξον Aesch.
1. to fit to or upon, fasten to, τί τινι Il.
2. intr. in ionic perf. ἐπάρηρα, plup. ἐπαρήρειν, to fit tight or exactly, to be fitted therein, id=Il.: ἐπάρμενος, η, ον, epic aor2 pass. part. prepared, Hes.
1. to ward off a thing from a person, τί τινι Il.
2. c. acc. rei only, to ward off, prevent, Od.; ἐπ. μὴ πεςεῖν, prohibere quominus, Aesch.
3. c. dat. pers. only, to help, assist, Hdt., Ar.:—rarely c. acc. pers., like ὠφελεῖν, Eur.:—absol., τίς ἄρ̆ ἐπαρκέςει; who will aid? Aesch.
4. to supply, furnish, τι id=Aesch.; ἐπ. τινί τινος to impart to him a share of, Xen.; c. dat. rei, to supply with a thing, Eur.
5. absol. to be sufficient, to prevail, Soph.
1. one upon another, one after another, mostly in pl., Hom.; in sg., κῦμα ὄρνυτ̆ ἐπαςςύτερον wave upon wave, Il.
1. Act. to partake of, share, c. gen. rei, Il.
2. of physical contact, to touch, graze, c. acc., esp. of slight wounds, id=Il.; also c. gen. to touch, id=Il.
3. Mid. to reap the fruits of a thing, whether good or bad:
4. c. gen., in good sense, id=Il., Eur.
5. in bad sense, ἵνα πάντες ἐπαύρωνται βαςιλῆος that all may enjoy their king, i. e. feel what it is to have such a king, Il.; c. acc. et gen., τοιαῦτ̆ ἐπηύρω τοῦ φιλανθρώπου τρόπου such profit didst thou gain from . . , Aesch.; and absol., μιν ἐπαυρήςεςθαι ὀί̈ω I doubt not he will feel the consequences, Il.
1. conjunct., temporal and causal, like Lat. quum:
2. OF TIME, after that, after (postquam), since, when (quum), with aor. to express a complete action, or imperf. to express one not yet complete, ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ ςάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο after the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, Xen.
3. = e)c ou(=, from the time when, ever since, ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον since I came to the throne, Hdt.
4. with Subjunct., ἄν or κε being added, so that ἐπεί becomes ἐπάν, ἐπήν, ionic ἐπεάν, or ἐπεί κε: — referring to future time, ἐπὴν ἕλωμεν when we shall have taken the city, Il.:—also whenever, ἐπεί κε λίπῃ ὀςτέα θυμός Od.
5. with Opt. without ἄν, referring to future time, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι after he had come into the light, Plat.:—also whenever, ἐπεὶ πύθοιτο Xen.
6. in oratione obl. after past tenses, representing a subj. in orat. rect., ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, the direct form being ἐπὴν διαβῶ, id=Xen.
7. with other words, ἐπεὶ τάχιςτα, as soon as, Lat. quum primum, id=Xen.; ἐπεὶ εὐθέως id=Xen.; ἐπειδὴ τάχιςτα Plat.; ἐπειδὴ θᾶττον Dem.
8. CAUSAL, since, seeing that, with Ind. or Opt. with ἄν, Hom., etc.; with Imp., ἐπεὶ δίδαξον for teach me, Soph.; ἐπεὶ πῶς ἂν καλέςειας; for how would you call him? Ar.:—sometimes it may be rendered by although, or by else, otherwise.
9. with other Particles, ἐπεὶ ἄρα, ἐπεὶ ἂρ δή since then, Od.; ἐπεί γε, Lat. quandoquidem, since indeed, Hdt.; ἐπείπερ seeing that, Aesch., etc.; ἐπεί τοι since surely, Soph.
1. to press down, weigh down, Il.
2. to press in pursuit, to press hard, press upon, absol. and c. acc., Hom.
3. to drive on, urge forward, ἐρετμὰ χερςὶν ἔπειγον Od.; of a fair wind, id=Od., Soph.
4. to urge on, hurry on a thing, Od., Soph.: —Pass., of a ship, Il.:—Mid. to urge on for oneself, τὸν ἐμὸν γάμον Od.; τὴν παραςκευήν Thuc.:—absol., ἐπειγομένων ἀνέμων by the force of winds, Il.; ὀπὸς γάλα ἐπειγόμενος ςυνέπηξεν the fig-juice by its force curdled the milk, id=Il.
5. Pass. to hurry oneself, haste to do, c. inf., id=Il.:—absol. to hasten, hurry, speed, make haste, id=Il., etc.: part., ἐπειγόμενος in eager haste, eagerly, id=Il.; c. inf., δῦναι ἐπειγόμενος eager for its setting, Od.; c. gen., ἐπειγόμενός περ ὁδοῖο longing for the journey, id=Od.
6. intr. in Act., = Pass. to hasten to a place, Soph., Eur.:— τὰ ἐπείγοντα necessary matters, Plut.
1. to awaken, rouse up, τινά Od., Hdt., etc.:—Pass. to be roused, wake up, Hom., in forms ἐπέγρετο, ἐπεγρόμενος (which are from an epic aor. ἐπ-ηγρόμην).
2. metaph. to awaken, excite, Solon., Soph.;—Pass., ἐπηγέρθη μῆνις Hdt.
1. i. e. ἐπειδὴ ἄν, ͂ ἐπεάν, ἐπήν whenever.
1. to drive upon, τὰς ἁμάξας ἐπελαύνουςι, i. e. upon the ice, Hdt.
2. to lay metal beaten out into plates over a surface (cf. ἐλαύνω III. 1), ἐπὶ δ̆ ὄγδοον ἤλαςε χαλκόν Il.
3. metaph., ὅρκον ἐπελαύνειν τινί to force an oath upon one, Hdt.
4. to ride or lead against, ἵππον ςτρατιήν τινι Xen., Hdt.
5. intr. to march against, id=Hdt.; to charge, id=Hdt.: of ships, to drive upon a rock, id=Hdt.
1. to step or tread upon, and in perf. to stand upon, c. gen., Il., Soph.: also c. dat., Aesch., etc.; sometimes c. acc., Eur.
2. to embark on ship-board, Dem.
3. c. dat. pers. to trample upon, Lat. insultare, Soph., Eur.
4. τῷ καιρῷ ἐπ. to take advantage of the opportunity, Dem.
1. to set right, get ready, Il.; χεῖρα ἐπεντύνειν ἐπί τινι to arm it for the fight, Soph.: —Mid. to prepare or train oneself for, ἄεθλα Od.
1. to drive against, drive home, ἔγχος Il.; ἐπέρειςε δὲ ἶν̆ ἀπέλεθρον put vast strength to it, Hom.:— ἐπ. τὴν φάλαγγά τινι to bring the whole force of the phalanx against, Plut.:—Mid., λαίφη προτόνοις ἐπερειδόμεναι staying their sails on ropes, Eur.:—Pass. to lean or bear upon, τινι Ar.: absol. to resist with all one's force, id=Ar.
1. throwing words about, rash-talking, abusive, scurrilous, Il.
1. to shout assent, Il.
2. c. acc. rei, to sing over or with a thing, c. dat., Aesch., Eur.
3. c. dupl. acc., ἐπ. παιᾶνα Ἄρτεμιν to sing a paean in praise of her, id=Eur.
1. Dep.
2. to pray or make a vow to a deity, c. dat., Hom., Hdt., etc.:—c. inf. to pray to one that . . , Od., etc. :—c. acc. rei, to pray for, Aesch.: also, c. acc. cogn., ἐπ. λιτάς Soph.
3. to imprecate a curse upon, τί τινι Aesch.; c. inf., ἐπεύχομαι [αὐτῷ] παθεῖν Soph.: absol. to utter imprecations, id=Soph.
4. to glory over, τινι Il.
5. to boast that, c. inf., Hhymn., Aesch., etc.
1. to look upon, behold, Il.; also in Mid., Eur., Ar.:—of the gods, to look upon human affairs, Aesch.
2. to continue to see, i. e. to live to see, Hdt.: to experience, χαλεπά Xen.
1. alternating, crossing, of door-bolts, Il.
2. serving for change, χιτῶνες Od.
1. to shout in applause, Il.
1. overhanging, beetling, of cliffs, Hom.
2. pass. covered, sheltered, Hes.
1. to shout out, to shout applause after a speech, Il.: also simply to shout aloud, id=Il.
1. to put on besides or over, Od.: Pass., perf. part. metaph., ἐπιειμένος ἀλκήν clad in strength, Il., etc.; χαλκὸν ἐπιέςται has brass upon or over it, Orac. ap. Hdt.:—Mid. to put on oneself besides, put on as an upper garment or covering, Il., Hdt.
1. trans. to throw or cast upon, Lat. injicere, τρίχας ἐπ. (sc. πυρί) Il.; ἐπ. ἑωυτὸν ἐς τὸ πῦρ Hdt.
2. to lay on, Lat. applicare, [ἵπποις] ἐπέβαλλεν ἱμάςθλην Od.; ἐπιβ. πληγάς τινι Xen.:— to lay on as a tax, tribute, fine or penalty, τί τινι Hdt., attic
3. ἐπιβ. ςφραγῖδα to affix a seal, Hdt.
4. to add, ἐπ. (sc. χοῦν) to throw on more and more earth, Thuc.:—metaph. to mention, Lat. mentionem injicere rei, τι Soph.
5. intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν), to throw oneself upon, go straight towards, c. acc., Od.
6. to fall upon or against, τινί Plat.
7. (sub. τὸν νοῦν) to apply oneself to a thing, devote oneself to it, c. dat., Plut.: to give one's attention to, think on, NTest.
8. to follow, come next, Plut.
9. to belong to, fall to, τινί Hdt., Dem.:—also impers. c. acc. et inf. it falls to one's very lot, it concerns one to do a thing, Hdt.:— τὸ ἐπιβάλλον (sc. μέρος) the portion that falls to one, id=Hdt., NTest.
10. Mid., c. gen., to throw oneself upon, desire eagerly, Il.
11. c. acc. to put upon oneself, Eur.: metaph. to take possession of, take upon oneself, Thuc.
12. in Pass. to be put upon, ἐπιβεβλημένοι τοξόται archers with their arrows on the string, Xen.
1. c. gen., κακῶν ἐπιβαςκέμεν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν to lead them into misery, Il.
1. in fut. and aor. mid., perf. act., and athematic aor., intr., to go upon:
2. c. gen. to set foot on, tread or walk upon, Hom., attic:—also, ἐπ. ἐπί τινος Hdt.
3. to get upon, mount on, νεῶν ἵππων Hom., Hdt.;—also, ἐπ. ἐπὶ νηός id=Hdt.
4. of Time, to arrive at, Plat.
5. metaph., ἐπ̆ ἀναιδείης ἐπ. to indulge in impudence, Od.; εὐςεβίας ἐπ. to observe piety, Soph.
6. c. dat. to mount upon, get upon, ναυςί Thuc.:—also, ἐπ. ἐπὶ πύργῳ Hdt.
7. c. dat. pers. to set upon, attack, assault, τινί Xen.
8. c. acc. loci, to light upon, Hom.: simply, to go on to a place, to enter it, Hdt.
9. c. acc. to attack, like ἐπέρχομαι, Soph. :dnum [3.] to mount, νῶθ̆ ἵππων Hes.; ἵππον Hdt.
10. absol. to get a footing, Od.
11. to step onwards, advance, Hes., Soph.
12. to mount on a chariot or on horseback, be mounted, Il., Hdt.: to go or be on board ship, Il., Soph., etc.
13. Causal in aor1 act. (ἐπιβιβάζω serves as pres.), to make one mount, set him upon, ἵππων ἐπέβηςε Il.; πυρῆς ἐπέβηςε id=Il.
14. metaph., εὐκλεί̈ης ἐπίβηςον bring to great glory, id=Il.; ςαοφροςύνης ἐπέβηςαν they bring him to sobriety, Od.
1. a bar fitting into a socket, Il.
1. to make to roar, Il.:—Mid. to roar, Ar.
2. c. acc. cogn. to roar out, Eur.
1. to fall heavy upon, fall heavily, of rain, Il.; in good sense, ὁππότε δὴ Διὸς ὧραι ἐπιβρίςειαν when the seasons produce heavy crops, Od.: —metaph., of war, Il.; of persons, ἐπέβριςαν ἀμφὶ ἄνακτα pressed closely round him, id=Il.
1. of Time, to be born after, come into being after, ἔαρος δ̆ ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρῃ other [leaves] come on in spring time, Il.; οἱ ἐπιγιγνόμενοι ἄνθρωποι posterity, Hdt.; οἱ ἐπιγενόμενοι τούτῳ ςοφιςταί who came after him, id=Hdt.; τῇ ἐπιγενομένῃ ἡμέρᾳ the following day, Thuc.; χρόνου ἐπιγιγνομένου as time went on, Hdt., Thuc.
2. of events, to come upon, be incident to, Lat. supervenire, χειμών, νὺξ ἐπεγένετο Hdt.; ἄνεμος ἐπεγένετο τῇ φλογί seconded the flame, Thuc.; τὰ ἐπιγιγνόμενα each in succession, id=Thuc.
3. to come in after, ἐπὶ τῇ ναυμαχίῃ Hdt.: to come upon, assault, attack, τινι Thuc.
4. to befall, come to pass, id=Thuc.
1. to bend towards one, Il.:—metaph. to bow or bend to one's purpose, id=Il.
1. scraping the surface, grazing, Lat. strictim, Il.
1. to mark the surface, just pierce, graze, ὀϊςτὸς ἐπέγραψε χρόα Il.
2. to mark, put a mark on the lot, id=Il.—In Hom. the word has not any notion of writing.
3. to write upon, inscribe, Hdt.:—Pass., of the inscription, to be inscribed upon, id=Hdt.; also, ἐπεγράφου τὴν Γοργόνα hadst the Gorgon painted on thy shield, Ar.
4. in attic law phrases:
5. to set down the penalty or damages in the title of an indictment, id=Ar.; τὰ ἐπιγεγραμμένα the damages claimed, Dem.:—so in Mid., Aeschin.
6. to register, Oratt.:—Mid. to have one's name registered, Thuc.; also, ἐπεγράψαντο πολίτας had them registered as citizens, id=Thuc.
7. προςτάτην ἐπιγράψαςθαι to choose a patron, and have his name entered in the public register, as all μέτοικοι at Athens were obliged to do, Ar.;—so, ἐπιγράψαςθαί τινα κύριον Dem.
8. ἐπιγράψαι ἑαυτὸν ἐπί τι to lend one's name to a thing, to endorse it, Aeschin.;—so in Pass. and Mid., to inscribe one's name on, id=Aeschin.
9. Mid. to assume a name, Plut.
1. towards the right, i. e. from left to right:
2. neut. pl. as adv., ὄρνυςθ̆ ἑξείης ἐπιδέξια rise in order beginning with the left hand man, Od.: —hence auspicious, lucky, ἀςτράπτων ἐπιδέξια Il.
3. after Hom., on the right hand, Xen.; τἀπιδέξια the right side, Ar.
4. as adj., of persons, dexterous, capable, clever, Aeschin., etc.
1. to want or lack of a number, τετρακοςίας μυριάδας, ἐπιδεούςας ἑπτὰ χιλιαδέων 4, 000, 000 lacking 7000, Hdt.
2. Mid., like epic ἐπιδεύομαι, to be in want of, τινος id=Hdt., Xen.
1. among the people, ἐπιδήμιοι ἁρπακτῆρες plunderers of one's own countrymen, Il.; πόλεμος ἐπ. civil war, id=Il.; ἐπιδήμιον εἶναι to be at home, Od.; ἐπ. ἔμποροι resident merchants, Hdt.
1. to give besides, τί τινι Il., Hdt., attic
2. to give in dowry, Il., Xen.
3. to give freely, Thuc., Ar.:—esp. to contribute as a "benevolence, " for state necessities, opp. to εἰςφέρειν (which was compulsory), Xen., Dem.; cf. ἐπίδοςις.
4. Mid. to take as witness, θεοὺς ἐπιδώμεθα Il.; (others take it to be ἐπ-ιδώμεθα let us look to the gods).
5. intr. to increase, advance, ἐς ὕψος Hdt.; ἐπὶ τὸ μεῖζον Thuc., etc.; absol. to grow, wax, advance, improve, id=Thuc.
1. in need or want of, c. gen., Hom., Hdt.: absol. in want, Il.
2. lacking, failing in a thing, c. gen., Od.; βίης ἐπιδευέες Ὀδυςῆος inferior to U. in strength, id=Od.; absol., ἐπιδευέες ἦμεν too weak were we, id=Od.
1. to be in want of, to lack a thing, c. gen., Hom., Hdt.: to need the help of, c. gen. pers., Il.
2. to be lacking in, fall short of a thing, c. gen., id=Il.: also c. gen. pers., κείνων ἐπιδεύεαι ἀνδρῶν fallest short of them, id=Il.; or both together, μάχης ἐπιδεύετ̆ Ἀχαιῶν id=Il.
1. to whirl or swing round before throwing, Hom.:—Mid. to turn over in one's mind, revolve, Od.:—Pass., aor1 ἐπεδινήθην, to wheel about, as birds in the air, id=Od.
1. the rail upon the car, Il.
1. like, resembling, τινι Hom.
1. fitting, meet, suitable, τύμβον ἐπιεικέα meet in size, Il.; ἐπιεικέ̆ ἀμοιβήν a fair recompence, Od.; ὡς ἐπιεικές as is meet, Hom.; c. inf., ὅν κ̆ ἐπιεικὲς ἀκούειν which word it is meet to hear, Il.
2. after Hom.,
3. of statements, rights, etc.,
4. reasonable, specious, plausible, Hdt., Thuc.
5. fair, equitable, τῶν δικαίων τὰ ἐπιεικέςτερα προτιθέαςι Hdt.; πρὸς τὸ ἐπ. ͂ ἐπιεικῶς 3, Thuc.
6. of persons, able, capable, Hdt., Xen.
7. in moral sense, reasonable, fair, kind, gentle, good, Thuc., Plat., etc.: τοὐπιεικές goodness, Soph.
8. adv. -kw=s, ionic -κέως, fairly, tolerably, moderately, Lat. satis, Hdt., Ar.; τέως μὲν ἐπ. for some little time, Plat.
9. probably, reasonably, id=Plat.
10. with moderation, kindly, Plut.
1. yielding: with negat. unyielding, unflinching, Hom.; ἔργα οὐκ ἐπιεικτά not yielding, harsh, Od.
1. vehement, violent, Il.:—adv. e)pizafelw=s (as if from e)pizafelh/s), vehemently, furiously, Hom.
1. to run at or after, Hdt., Xen.
1. to cheer on, encourage, τινά Il., Plut.
1. to leap upon a ship, c. gen., Il.: also c. dat. to leap (contemptously) upon, Lat. insultare, τύμβῳ ἐπιθρώςκων Μενελάου id=Il.
2. to leap over, τόςςον ἐπιθρώςκουςι so far do [the horses] spring at a bound, id=Il.
1. to rush eagerly at, Od.
2. c. inf. to strive vehemently to do a thing, Il., Hhymn.
1. Dep. to call upon, τινα Il.
1. to spread over, Orac. ap. Hdt.:—Pass., ὕδωρ ἐπικίδναται αἶαν is spread over the earth, Il.; ὅςον τ̆ ἐπικίδναται ἠώς far as the morning light is spread, id=Il.
1. to cut off, cut down, Il.
2. metaph. to cut short, Lat. praecidere, id=Il.
1. to mock, ἐπικερτομέων in mockery, Hom.; in milder sense, laughingly, Il.
2. c. acc. to reproach one, Hdt.:— to teaze, plague, Theocr.
1. to conceal, hide, Hom.
1. to put a door to: Pass., perf. part. ἐπικεκλι^μέναι ςανίδες closed doors, Il.
2. to bend towards, τὰ ὦτα ἐπ. to prick the ears, Xen.:— Pass., κεραῖαι ἐπικεκλιμέναι spars inclined at an angle to the wall, Thuc.
3. intr. to incline towards, πρός τι Dem.
4. Pass. to lie over against a place, c. dat., Eur.
5. in Pass., also, to lie down at table, Anth.
1. an overflow, flood, Thuc.
1. to spin to one, of the Fates who spun the thread of destiny: then, generally, to assign as one's lot or destiny, Od., Aesch.:—so in Mid., Hom.:—Pass., aor1 part., τὰ ἐπικλωςθέντα one's destinies, Plat.
1. to act as an ally, Il., Hdt., etc.; τινι to one, Thuc., etc.
2. generally, to aid or help at need, τινί Eur., Ar.: c. dat. rei, νόςοις ἐπικουρεῖν to aid one against them, Xen.; ἐςθὴς ἐπικουρεῖ τινι does him good service, id=Xen.; ἐπ. τροφῆι to make provision for it, Aeschin.
3. c. acc. rei, ἐπικουρεῖν τινι χειμῶνα to keep it off from one, Lat. defendere, Xen.
1. to bring to pass, accomplish, fulfil, Il.; νῦν μοι τόδ̆ ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ grant me now this prayer, fulfil it, id=Il.:—Pass., χρυςῷ δ̆ ἐπὶ χείλεα κεκράαντο were finished off with gold, Od.
1. to rule over, c. dat., Hom.: absol. to have or hold power, Od.
2. to prevail in battle, be victorious, conquer, Il., Hdt.
3. c. gen. to prevail over, get the mastery of an enemy, id=Hdt., attic:—also to become master of, Lat. potiri, τῆς θαλάςςης, τῶν Ἑλλήνων Hdt., etc.
4. generally, to be superior, τῷ ναυτικῷ Thuc.; κατὰ θάλαςςαν Xen.
1. master of a thing: only in comp., ἐπικρατέςτερος superior, Thuc.:—adv., ἐπικρατέως, with overwhelming might, impetuously, Il., Hes.
1. to shine after or thereupon, Il., etc.; ἐπιλαμψάςης ἡμέρης when day had fully come, Hdt.
2. to shine upon, c. dat., Plut., Anth.
1. to cause to forget a thing, c. gen., Od.: —Pass. to be forgotten, perf. part. ἐπιλεληςμένος NTest.
2. Mid. ἐπι-λήθομαι and -λανθάνομαι, fut. -λήςομαι: aor2 -ελα^θόμην: with perf. act. -λέληθα and pass. -λέληςμαι: plup. -ελελήςμην: — to let a thing escape one, to forget, lose thought of, c. gen., ὅπως Ἰθάκης ἐπιλήςεται (epic for -ηται) Od.; so Hdt., attic:—also c. acc., Hdt., Eur., etc.:—c. inf., Ar., Plat.
3. to forget wilfully, ἑκὼν ἐπιλήθομαι Hdt.
1. grazing, Il.
1. to look towards or at, τόςςον τίς τ̆ ἐπιλεύςςει one can only see so far before one, Il.
1. a witness to one's word, Hom.
1. Mid. to knead again, stroke, Anth.
1. Dep. to cast blame upon a person, c. dat., Od., Hdt., etc.; rarely c. acc. pers., Soph.:—c. gen. rei, to find fault for or because of a thing, complain of it, εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται complains of the vow [neglected], Il.:—absol. to find fault, complain, Hdt., etc.
2. to impute as matter of blame, τί τινι id=Hdt.
1. to stay on, tarry or abide still, Hom., attic; ἐπίμεινον wait, Il.
2. absol. to remain in place, continue as they are, of things, Thuc., Plat.:— to keep his seat, of a horseman, Xen.
3. to continue in a pursuit, ἐπί τινι Plat., etc.
4. to abide by, ταῖς ςπονδαῖς Xen.
5. c. acc. to await, Eur., Plat.; so c. inf., Thuc.
1. confusedly, promiscuously, pele-mele, Hom.
1. to be mad after, dote upon, c. dat., Il., Ar.:—absol. to be mad, to rage, Aesch.
2. to attack furiously, τινι Anth.
1. Dep.
2. to strive after, seek to obtain, aim at, c. gen., ςκοπέλου ἐπιμαίεο make for (i. e. steer for) the rock, Od.; metaph., ἐπιμαίεο νόςτου strive after a return, id=Od.
3. c. acc. to lay hold of, grasp, ἐπεμαίετο κώπην he clutched his sword-hilt, id=Od.; χείρ̆ (i. e. χειρὶ) ἐπιμαςςάμενος having clutched [the sword] with my hand, id=Od.
4. to handle, feel, id=Od.; ἕλκος ἰητὴρ ἐπιμάςςεται will probe the wound, Il.
1. to smile at, ἐπιμειδήςας προςέφη addressed him with a smile, Il.
1. to be angry with, Πριάμῳ ἐπεμήνι^ε Il.
1. Pass.:— to bethink oneself of, to remember, think of a person or thing, c. gen., Hom.
2. to make mention of, τινος Od., Hdt., etc.; περί τινος id=Hdt., Xen.
1. to murmur at one's words, Il.
1. to allot, distribute, Hom.
2. to turn one's cattle to graze over the boundaries, Plat.:—in Mid., of cattle, to feed over the boundaries, trespass on one's neighbour's lands: metaph., of fire, to spread over a place, Hdt.:—so of an infectious disease, Thuc.; in Pass., ὅρος ἐπινέμεται the boundary is exposed to encroachment, Aesch.: cf. ἐπινομία.
1. upon the kidneys, Il.
1. to nod, in token of approval, to nod assent, Il.; ἐπ. τι to approve, sanction, promise, Eur.; ἐπένευςεν ἀληθὲς εἶναι he nodded in sign that it was true, Aeschin.
2. to make a sign to another to do a thing, to order him to do, Hom.
3. to nod forwards, κόρυθι ἐπένευε he nodded with his helmet, i. e. it nodded, Il.
4. to incline towards, Ar.
1. to heap or pile upon a thing, c. gen., Il.
1. to swear falsely, forswear oneself, πρὸς δαίμονος by a deity, Il.; c. acc., τοὺς θεούς by the gods, Ar., Xen.
1. Dep.
2. to fly to or towards, Hom., etc.
3. c. acc. to fly over, πεδία Eur., Ar.
4. ἐφίπταμαι, late pres. of ἐπιπέτομαι, Mosch.
1. to be persuaded to a certain end, Hom.
2. to trust to, put faith in, c. dat., Aesch.
3. to comply with, obey, Hes., Soph.
1. to sail upon or over, πόντον Hom.
2. to sail against, to attack by sea, c. dat., Hdt., Thuc.
3. to sail on board, id=Thuc.
4. to float on the surface, Hdt.
1. to strike at, strike smartly, Il.
2. to chastise with words, to rebuke, reprove, c. acc., id=Il., Plat.; also c. dat., Il.
3. ἐπ. τί τινι to cast a thing in one's teeth, Hdt., Aesch.:— c. acc. rei only, Soph.
1. to breathe upon, to blow freshly upon, Il.; τινί on one, Ar.:— to blow fairly for one, τινί Od.
2. to blow furiously upon, τινί Hdt., Aesch.
3. c. acc. to blow over, Hes.
4. metaph. to excite, inflame, τινά τινι one against another, Eur.; τινὰ αἵματι one to slaughter, id=Eur.
5. to inspire into, Anth.
1. to send forth, Il.; Μενελάῳ ἐπιπροέμεν ταχὺν ἰόν to shoot an arrow at him, id=Il.
2. νήςοιςιν ἐπιπροέηκε (sc. τὴν ναῦν) he steered straight for them, Od.
1. to set out or place before one, τί τινι Il.
2. to send on one after another, Hhymn.
1. Dep. to go about, go through, Lat. obire, c. acc., ἐπεπωλεῖτο ςτίχας ἀνδρῶν, of the general inspecting his troops, Il.;—but also to reconnoitre an enemy, id=Il.
1. to lean towards, fall to one's lot, Il.; c. inf., ἐπιρρέπει τινὶ ποιεῖν τι Aesch.
2. trans., ἐπ. τάλαντον to force down one scale, Theogn.: metaph. to weigh out to one, allot, Aesch.
1. to flow upon the surface, float a-top, like oil on water, Il.
2. to flow in besides, flow fresh and fresh, Ar.:—metaph. of large bodies of men, to stream on and on, Il., Hdt.; also, οὑπιρρέων χρόνος onward-streaming time, i. e. the future, Aesch.; ὄλβου ἐπιρρυέντος if wealth flows on and on, increases continually, Eur.
1. Mid. to flow or stream upon, χαῖται ἐπερρώςαντο ἀπὸ κρατός his locks flowed waving from his head, Il.
2. to move nimbly, Hes.: c. acc. cogn., ἐπίρρωςαι χορείην urge the rapid dance, Anth.
3. to apply one's strength to a thing, work lustily at it, c. dat., Od.
1. to shake at or against, with the view of scaring, τί τινι Il., Eur.; Πέρςας ἐπ. to hold them out as a threat, Plut.; but, ἐπ. τὴν χεῖρα, in token of assent, Luc.
2. to set upon one, c. dat., Eur.
1. to put in motion against, set upon one, c. dat., Od.
2. Pass. to hurry or hasten to or towards, Hom.; in hostile sense, to rush upon or at, c. dat., Il.
3. part. perf. pass. ἐπεςςύμενος, with 3rd sg. perf. and plup. ἐπέςςυ^ται, -το mostly in hostile sense, to rush on, id=Il.; c. dat., αὐτῷ μοι ἐπέςςυτο id=Il.; c. acc. to assault, id=Il.; c. gen., ἐπεςςύμενος πεδίοιο rushing, hurrying over the plain, id=Il.:—also, without hostile sense, to express rapid motion, ἐπέςςυτο δέμνια swept over the clothes, Od.; c. inf., ἐπέςςυτο διώκειν he hasted on to follow, Il.:—metaph. to be excited, eager, θυμὸς ἐπέςςυται id=Il.
1. Dep. to be indignant at a thing, Il.; ἐπιςκύςςαιτο (epic aor1 opt.) Od.
1. the skin of the brows which is knitted in frowning, Il., Ar.
2. superciliousness, Anth.
1. to urge on horses, Il.; generally, to urge on, press forward, Aesch., Thuc.
2. intr. to rage furiously, of storms, Od.
1. to surround with or as with a chaplet: metaph. in Mid., κρητῆρας ἐπιςτέψαντο ποτοῖο crowned them to the brim, filled them brimming high, with wine, Hom.
2. χοὰς ἐπιςτέφειν to offer libations as an honour to the dead, Soph.
1. = e)pi-stena/zw τινί Aesch.:—absol., Soph.
2. Mid. to groan in answer, Il.
1. of bowls, ἐπιςτεφέες οἴνοιο crowned (i. e. brimming high) with wine, Hom.
1. to curb in a horse: metaph. to curb, bridle, τινά Ar., Dem.
2. to put on the mouth-piece of a flute; and of a flute, to stop the voice, Plut.
3. to throw on his face, τινά Luc.
1. to turn about, turn round, Eur.; ἐπ. τὰς ναῦς to make a sudden tack, Thuc.; but also to put an enemy to flight, Xen.
2. intr. to turn about, turn round, Il., Hdt., attic:— to return, NTest.
3. to turn towards, τὸ νόημα Theogn.; πρός τι, εἴς τινα Plut.:— ἐπ. πίςτιν to press a pledge upon one, Soph.
4. intr. to turn towards, Xen.
5. to turn from an error, to correct, make to repent, Luc.
6. intr. to repent, NTest.
7. to curve, twist, torment, Ar.
8. Mid. and Pass., esp. in aor2 pass. ἐπεςτράφην [α^]: — to turn oneself round, turn about, ἐπιςτρεφόμενος constantly turning, to look behind one, Hdt.; with acc., θάλαμον ἐπεςτράφη turned to gaze on it, Eur.; δόξα ἐπεςτράφη turned about, changed, Soph.
9. to go back-and for-wards, wander over the earth, Hes.:—c. acc. loci, to turn to a place, Eur.
10. to turn the mind towards, to pay attention to, c. gen., Theogn., Soph.: —absol. to recover oneself, pay attention, Hdt., Dem.
11. c. acc. to visit, Eur.
12. part. perf. pass. ἐπεςτραμμένος, ͂ ἐπιςτρεφής, earnest, vehement, Hdt. Hence
1. turning this way and that way, right and left, Hom.: also, ἐπ. βαδίζειν back- and for-wards, Hhymn.
1. bands, clasps or hooks, which fastened the greaves (κνημῖδες) over the ankle, Il.
2. the ankle, Anth.
1. in a row, one after another, Il.
2. of Time, by degrees, Theocr.
1. a helper, defender, ally, Hom.; μάχης ἐπ. in fight, Il.
2. a master, lord, Orac. ap. Hdt.
1. to lay upon, enjoin, prescribe, ordain, command, τι or τί τινι Hom.:—c. dat. pers. only, to give orders to, Il.:—c. dat. pers. et inf. to order him to do. id=Il.:—also in Mid., just like the Act., id=Il.
2. Pass. to rise, of stars, Hes.:—metaph., of love, Theogn.
1. Act. to lay, put or place upon, of offerings laid on the altar, meats on the table, etc., c. dat., Od., attic; also c. gen., Il., Hdt.:—c. acc. only, ἐπ. φάρμακα to apply salves, Il.; ἐπ. ςτήλην to set it up, Hdt.
2. to put on a covering or lid, Od.; λίθον ἐπέθηκε θύρῃςιν, i. e. put a stone as a door to the cave, put it before the door, id=Od.: to put a door to, shut it, Il., Hom.
3. to put to, grant or give besides, Il.
4. of Time, to add, bring on, Od.
5. μύθῳ or μύθοις τέλος ἐπιθεῖναι to put an end to them, Il.
6. to put on as a finish, ἐπέθηκε κορώνην id=Il.; ἐπ. κεφαλαῖον (v. sub κεφαλαῖον) Dem.
7. to impose or inflict a penalty, θωήν ςοι ἐπιθήςομεν Od.; δίκην, ζημίαν ἐπ. τινί Hdt.
8. like ἐπιςτέλλω, to dispatch a letter, id=Hdt., Dem.
9. to give a name, Hdt., Plat.
10. Mid. to put on oneself or for oneself, Il., Eur.
11. to set oneself to, apply oneself to, employ oneself on or in, c. dat., Hdt., Thuc., etc.
12. to make an attempt upon, attack, τῇ Εὐβοίῃ Hdt., Thuc., etc.
13. absol., δικαιοςύνην ἐπιθέμενος ἤςκεε he practised justice with assiduity, Hdt.
14. to bring on oneself, ἀράς Aesch.: also to cause a penalty to be imposed, Thuc.
15. to lay commands on, τί τινι Hdt.
16. to give a name, Od.
1. such as may serve the purpose, enough, or of set purpose, advisedly, studiously, Lat. consulto, de industria, Hom.;—in Hdt. and attic written proparox.,
1. to bear patiently, be patient, Il.
1. Dep. to shoot at, c. dat., Il., Luc.
1. properly to turn towards, in aor2 mid., θυμὸς ἐπετράπετο εἴρεςθαι thy mind inclined itself to ask, Od.
2. to turn over to, to commit or entrust to another as trustee, guardian, or vicegerent, Hom., Hdt., attic; c. inf., ςοὶ ἐπέτρεψεν πονέεςθαι he left it to you to work, Il.
3. c. dat. only, to trust to, rely upon, Hom., Hdt.: to refer the matter to a person, leave it to his judgment, Ar., Thuc.:—so in Mid. to entrust oneself, leave one's case to, τινι Hdt.
4. Pass. to be entrusted, ᾧ λαοί τ̆ ἐπιτετράφαται (3rd pl. perf. for ἐπιτετραμμένοι εἰςί) Il.; τῇς (sc. Ὥραις) ἐπιτέτραπται οὐρανός heaven's gate is committed to them (to open and to shut), id=Il.;—also c. acc. rei, ἐπιτρέπομαί τι I am entrusted with a thing, Hdt., Thuc.
5. to give up, yield, Ποςειδάωνι νίκην ἐπέτρεψας Il.; ἐπ. τινί c. inf. to permit, suffer, Hdt., attic
6. intr. to yield, give way, Il., Hdt.
7. to command, τινὶ ποιεῖν τι Xen.
1. to run upon or at, for the purpose of attack, Il.; of dogs, Od.; so in attic to make an assault upon, τινί Thuc., Xen.
2. to run after, ἐπιδραμών in haste, eagerly, Hdt., Plat.
3. to run over a space, Il.: to run over or graze the surface, id=Il.
4. to be spread over, of a mist, Od.:—c. acc., οἶδμα ὅταν ἔρεβος ἐπιδράμῃ when the billow runs over the deep, Soph.
5. to overrun, as an army does a country, Hdt., Thuc.
6. to run over, to treat lightly of, Lat. percurrere, Xen.
7. to run close after, Il.
1. adv. trippingly, fluently, glibly, Hom.
1. to bring, put or lay upon, τί τινι Il., etc.; ἐπιφέρειν τινὶ πόλεμον, Lat. bellum inferre, to make war upon him, Hdt., attic; so, ἐπ. δόρυ Aesch., etc.:— absol. to attack, assail, Ar.
2. to bring offerings to the grave, Thuc.
3. to bring as a charge against, Hdt., attic; so, ἐπ. μωρίην, μανίην τινί to impute it to him, Hdt., etc.
4. to confer or impose upon, in good or bad sense, Thuc.
5. to add to, increase, id=Thuc.
6. Mid. to bring with or upon oneself, bring as dowry, Dem.
7. Pass. to rush upon or after, attack, assault, Il., Hdt., attic
8. to be borne onwards, Hdt.
9. to come after or next, ensue, τὰ ἐπιφερόμενα coming events, id=Hdt.
1. to burn up, consume, Il., Hdt.; ἐπ. τὴν πόλιν to set fire to it, Thuc.
2. metaph. to inflame, excite, Aesch., Plut.
3. intr. to be scorching hot, Luc.
1. to say besides, Hdt.
2. Mid., with aor1 mid. ἐπεφραςάμην and pass. ἐπεφράςθην:
3. c. inf. to think of doing, take into one's head to do, Hom.
4. c. acc. to think on, devise, contrive, Od., Hdt.:—absol., ὧδε ἐπιφραςθείς having come to this conclusion, id=Hdt.; ἐπιφραςθεῖςα αὐτή by her own mother wit, id=Hdt.
5. to notice, observe, Hom.:— to recognise, Od.:— to acquaint oneself with, take cognisance of, Il.
1. to pour water over the hands, Hom., attic:—metaph. to pour or shed over, ὕπνον τινί, etc., Hom.
2. of solids, like χώννυμι, id=Hom.
3. Mid. to pour or throw over oneself or for himself, Od.
4. to have poured out for one to drink, ἐπ. ἄκρατόν τινος to drink it to any one's health, Theocr.
5. Pass. to be poured over, Xen.: aor1 ἐπεχύθην [υ^], perf. -κέχυ^μαι:—metaph., of a crowd of persons, to stream to a place, ἐπέχυντο (epic aor2 pass.), Il.:— to come like a stream over, Hdt.
1. upon the earth, earthly, as epith. of mortals, Hom.; absol., ἐπιχθόνιοι earthly ones, men on earth, Il.
1. Dep. to have before one's eyes, Il.
1. Dep.
2. to go towards, approach, c. acc., Od., Theogn.
3. to approach with hostile purpose, set on, attack, c. acc., Il.
4. to go over, traverse, id=Il.
5. to go round, visit in succession (cf. ἔπειμι (εἶμι ibo) III), of one who hands round wine, ἐπῴχετο οἰνοχοεύων Od.; of a general, to go round, inspect, ςτίχας Hom.; and absol. to go the rounds, Il.
6. of Apollo and Artemis to visit with death, Hom.
7. to go over or ply one's work, id=Hom.; ἱςτὸν ἐπ. to ply the loom, Lat. percurrere telam, id=Hom.:—absol. in partic., busily, Il.
1. on the navel or central point, on the boss of the shield (Lat. umbo), Il.
1. to hold out to, give yet more, Il.; so in Mid., Solon.
2. Mid. to stretch oneself towards, ἐπορεξάμενος reaching forward to strike, Il.
3. metaph. to rise in one's demands, Hdt.
1. to rush violently at or upon, c.dat., Il.; absol., id=Il.: to rush after, i. e. to seek him, id=Il.; of sleep, to overtake, Od.
1. to stir up, excite, urge on, Hom., Hdt., etc.; c. inf., Il., etc.; c. dat. et inf., ἑτάροιςιν ἐποτρῦναι κατακῆαι to urge them to burn, Od.
2. c. acc. rei, to stir up against, id=Od.; ἀγγελίας ἐπ. sends urgent messages, id=Od.; ξύνοδον ἐπώτρυνον τοῖς ὁπλίταις gave the signal for engagement to the men-at-arms, Thuc.:—Mid., ἐποτρυνώμεθα πομπήν let us urge on our escort, Od.:—Pass. to press on, hasten, Aesch.
1. in heaven, heavenly, Hom.
2. οἱ ἐπουράνιοι the gods above, Theocr.:— τὰ ἐπ. the phenomena of the heavens, Plat.
1. Pass. with fut. mid., to be carried upon, ride upon, c. dat., Il.; absol., κάμηλον ὥςτε ἐποχεῖςθαι a camel to ride on, Xen.
1. to swear after, swear accordingly, Od.: to take an oath besides, Thuc.
2. c. acc. pers., to swear by, Hdt., Eur., etc.: so in Mid., ap. Dem.
3. c. acc. rei, to swear to a thing, Xen.
4. c. inf. to swear that, Hdt., Eur.; so in Mid., Dem.
5. absol. in aor1 part., ἐπομόςας upon oath, Hdt., Xen.
1. to stir up, arouse, excite, Il.
2. to rouse and send against, c. dat., ὕπνον ἐπῶρςε sent sleep upon her, Od.
3. Pass. ἐπόρνυ^μαι, with perf2 act. ἐπόρωρα, 3rd sg. epic aor2 pass. ἐπῶρτο: — to rise against, assault, fly upon one, c. dat., Il.; absol., id=Il.:—of things, c. inf., Od.
1. given as a name, τῷ Ὀδυςεὺς ὄνομ̆ ἐπώνυμος Odysseus is the name given him, Od.; Ἀλκυόνην καλέεςκον ἐπώνυμον Alcyone they called her by name, Il.; Ἀρήτη δ̆ ὄνομ̆ ἐςτὶν ἐπώνυμον Arete (the Desired) is the name given her, Od.
2. named besides, surnamed, Hdt.
3. named after a person or thing, c. gen., id=Hdt., Trag.; also, ἐπ. ἐπί τινος Hdt.
4. act. giving one's name to a thing or person, ἐπώνυμον (sc. τὸ ςάκος), which gives thee thy name (of Eurysaces), Soph.
5. at Athens, οἱ ἐπώνυμοι (sc. ἥρωες), the heroes after whom the Attic φυλαί had their names, Dem.
6. ἄρχων ἐπ. the first Archon, who gave his name to the current year.
1. a kind of pulse, chick-pea, Lat. cicer, Il., Ar. Cf. ὄροβος.
1. to stir to anger, provoke, irritate, Hom.: c. acc. rei, ἤρεθον ᾠδάν they raised a song, Theocr.
1. to rend, Hes., Aesch.: Pass., ἐρεικόμενος περὶ δουρί Il.
2. to bruise, pound, shatter, Aesch.
3. intr. only in aor2 ἤρικον, to be rent, to shiver, Il.
1. Dep. to feed on, c. acc., λωτόν, κρῖ λευκόν, πυρὸν ἐρεπτόμενοι Hom.
1. to row, Hom., Soph.; of birds flying, πτεροῖς ἐρ. Eur.
2. trans. to speed by rowing; metaph., γόων ἐρέςςετ̆ πίτυλον ply the measured stroke of lamentation, Aesch.:—Pass. to be rowed, id=Eur.; of birds, πτερύγων ἐρετμοῖςιν ἐρεςςόμενοι with the oarage of wings (cf. Virgil's remigio alarum), id=Eur.
3. generally, to put in quick motion, ply, τὸν πόδα Eur.: —metaph., ἐρ. ἀπειλάς to set threats in motion, Soph.; ἐρ. μῆτιν id=Soph.:—Pass., of a bow, to be plied, handled, id=Soph.
4. to row through the sea, Anth.
1. a rower, Od., Hdt., attic
2. in pl., also, oars, Anth.
1. to cover with a roof, ἔρεψαν ὄροφον made a roof, Il.: θάλαμον ἐρ. Od.
2. to cover with a crown, to crown, Soph.: —Mid. to crown oneself, Eur.
1. to rend, break, Od.:—Pass., of a ship, to be shattered by the winds, Il.
1. loud-thundering, Hom.
1. strongly-built, i. e. unconquerable, or (from dama/w) all-subduing.
1. to strive, wrangle, quarrel, τινί with one, Hom., attic; πρός τινα Hdt., Plat.
2. to rival, vie with, be a match for, τινί Hom.:—c. acc. rei, to contend with one in a thing, id=Hom.;—also, c. dat. rei, Od., attic
3. absol. to engage in a contest, keep the contest up, Il.
4. Hom. sometimes uses the Mid., like the Act.
1. fitting exactly: as epith. of ἑταῖρος, faithful, trusty, Il.; pl. in heterocl. form, ἐρίηρες ἑταῖροι, ἐριήρας ἑταίρους Hom.
1. loud-bellowing, Hom., Hes.
1. highly-prized, precious, Il., Ar.
1. lovely, of places, Hom., Theocr.
1. epic form of ἐράω, κρειῶν ἐρατίζων greedy after meat, Hom.
1. lovely, charming, Hom.; of a man, ἑτάροις ἐρατεινός welcome to his comrades, Od.
1. lovely, charming, Il., Hes., etc.: —neut. as adv., ἐρατὸν κιθαρίζειν Hhymn.
2. beloved, Tyrtae.
1. to work, labour, properly of husbandry, Hes., Thuc., etc.; but also of all manual labour, Od., Hdt.:—also of things, as Vulcan's bellows, Il.
2. trans. to work at, make, build, Od., attic
3. to do, perform, accomplish, Hom., attic:—c. dupl. acc. to do something to another, Hdt., etc.; κακὰ ἐργάζεςθαί τινα Soph., Thuc.
4. to work a material, χρυςὸν εἰργάζετο Od.; ἐργ. γῆν to work the land, Hdt.
5. to earn by working, χρήματα id=Hdt., attic
6. to work at, practise, Lat. exercere, τέχνην Plat.
7. absol. to work at a trade or business, to traffic, trade, Dem.
8. the perf. pass. εἴργαςμαι is used in act. sense, as Hdt., Soph.; but also in pass. sense,
9. to be made or built, ἔργαςτο τὸ τεῖχος Hdt.; ἐκ πέτρας εἰργαςμένος Aesch., etc.
10. to be done, id=Aesch. —The fut. ἐργαςθήςομαι always in pass. sense, Soph., etc.
1. to sever, cut off, Il.
2. to hold back, check, Soph., Eur.
1. dark, gloomy, Il., Hes.
1. to ask, c. acc. pers. to ask of one, Od.; c. acc. rei, to ask a thing, Hom.; c. dupl. acc., ἐρ. τινά τι to ask one a thing, Od.:—so in Med. Od.
1. to rouse to anger, rouse to fight, irritate, Hom., Hdt., etc.: to provoke to curiosity, Od.; metaph., ἐρ. χορούς to stir them, Eur.:—Pass. to be provoked, excited, Hdt., Ar.; of fire, φέψαλος ἐρεθιζόμενος ῥιπίδι a spark kindled by the bellows, id=Ar.; αἰθὴρ ἐρεθιζέςθω βροντῆι Aesch.; of one who is out of breath, Eur.
1. black, swart, dark, Hom., Aesch., etc.:—metaph., ἐρεμνὴ φάτις a dark, obscure rumour, Soph.
1. Lat. remus, an oar, Od., Eur.: —of wings, v. e)re/ssw II. 1.
1. to seek or search for, search after, track, Hom., attic; ὧν χρείαν ἐρευνᾶι the things whereof he seeks after the use, i. e. whatever things he finds serviceable, Soph.
2. to search a place, Hdt., Theocr.
3. to enquire after, examine, Eur., Plat.
4. c. inf. to seek to do, Theocr.
1. to make red, stain red, Il.:—Pass. to be or become red, Theocr.
1. to keep back, restrain, check, Hom.; πολλὰ κέλευθος ἐρατύοι let a long distance bar thy approach, Soph.
2. c. gen. to keep away from, Eur.
1. with high-arching neck, of horses, Il.
1. of Zeus, loud-thundering, Il.: loud-sounding, αὐλός Anth.
1. with large clods, very fertile, Od.:—so, ἐρί-βωλος, Hom.
1. to wrangle, quarrel, dispute, Hom.; c. dat., ἐριδαίνετον ἀλλήλοιϊν Il.; and in Mid., ποςςὶν ἐριδδήςαςθαι Ἀχαιοῖς to contend with them in the foot-race, id=Il.
1. to provoke to strife, irritate, Il.
2. intr. = e)ridai/nw, to contend, Theocr., Mosch.
1. very flourishing, luxuriant, of plants, Il., Hes.
1. very famous, glorious, splendid, Hom.
1. the wild fig-tree, Il., Theocr.
1. Homeric epith. of Hermes the ready helper, luckbringer, Il.
1. very mighty, of Zeus, Hom., Hes.: of the Furies, Orph.
1. Pass. to become red with blood, Il.
1. red, Lat. ruber, of the colour of nectar and wine, Hom.; of copper, Il.; of gold, Theogn.; of minium, Hdt.; of blood, Aesch.
2. Ἐρυθρὴ θάλαςςα in Hdt. the Erythraean sea, including not only the Red Sea or Arabian Gulf, but also the Indian Ocean:—Later also of the Persian Gulf, Xen.
1. chariot-drawing, of horses, Il.
1. protecting the city, Il.
1. to rush, rush forth, Hom.; ἠρώηςαν ὀπίςςω, of horses, they started back, Il.
2. c. gen. rei, to draw back or rest from, πολέμοιο, χάρμης id=Il.; νέφος οὔποτ̆ ἐρωεῖ the cloud never fails from (the rock), Od.:—c. acc. to leave, quit, Theocr.
3. trans. to drive or force back, Il.
1. any quick motion, rush, force, Il.; mostly of things, δουρός, βελέων ἐρ. id=Il.; λείπετο δουρὸς ἐρωήν war left a spear's throw behind, id=Il.; λικμητῆρος ἐρωή the force or swing of the winnower's (shovel), id=Il.
2. c. gen. rei, a drawing back from, rest from, πολέμου id=Il.
1. loud-bellowing, Il.
1. to keep in, hold back, keep in check, curb, restrain, Hom.:—c. gen., μή με ἔρυκε μάχης keep me not from fight, Il.:—c. inf. to hinder from doing, Eur.:—absol. to hinder, Il.
2. to detain a guest, Hom.:—but also, to detain by force, to withhold, confine, id=Hom.
3. to ward off, Lat. arcere, ἄκοντα, λιμόν id=Hom.
4. to keep apart, separate, Il.
5. Pass. to be held back, detained, Od.:— to hold back, keep back, id=Od.
6. to be kept away, Hdt.
7. ἀνέδην χῶρος ἐρύκεται the place is remissly guarded, i. e. is open to all, Soph.
1. desolate, lone, lonely, lonesome, solitary:
2. of places, Hdt., attic; τὰ ἐρ. desert parts, Hdt., etc.; ἡ ἐρῆμος (sc. χώρα), id=Hdt.
3. of persons or animals, Il., Aesch., etc.: desolate, helpless, Soph., Dem.:—neut. pl. as adv., ἔρημα κλαίω I weep in solitude, Eur.
4. of conditions, Soph.
5. c. gen. reft of, void or destitute of, Hdt., attic
6. of persons, with no bad sense, wanting, without, ἐρῆμος ὅπλων Hdt.
7. ἐρήμη δίκη, ἡ, an undefended action, in which one party does not appear, and judgment goes against him by default, Thuc., etc.: so ἐρήμη or ἔρημος (without δίκη), ἐρήμην εἷλον I got judgment by default, Dem.; ἔρημον ὦφλε he let it go by default, id=Dem.; ἐρήμην κατηγορεῖν to accuse in a case where there was no defence, Plat.
1. the heron or hern, Lat. ardea, Il., Ar.
1. I will say or speak, attic: c. acc. pers. to speak of, κακῶς ἐρεῖν τινα Theogn., Eur.; c. dupl. acc., ἐρεῖν τινά τι id=Eur., etc.
2. I will tell, proclaim, Il., etc.; φόως ἐρέουςα to announce the dawn, id=Il.; ἐπὶ ῥηθέντι δικαίωι upon clear right, Od.
3. εἰρημένος promised, μιςθός Hes., Hdt.; εἰρημένον, absol., when it had been agreed, Thuc.
4. to tell, order one to do, c. dat. et inf., Xen.; c. acc. et inf., id=Xen.:—so in Pass., εἴρητό οἱ, c. inf., orders had been given him to do, Hdt.
5. in Pass. to be mentioned, id=Hdt.
6. simple εἴρω in Ionic and Epic, to say, speak, tell, Od.: so in Mid., Hom.: but in ionic Prose, the Mid. means to cause to be told one, i. e. to ask, like attic ἐροῦμαι.
1. to eat, Lat. edo (cf. ἔδω), Hom., etc.; ἐςθ. τινός to eat of a thing (partitive gen.), Xen.:—Pass., οἶκος ἐςθίεται the house is eaten up, we are eaten out of house and home, Od.
2. metaph., πάντας πῦρ ἐςθίει the fire devours all, Il.; ἐςθ. ἑαυτόν to vex oneself (like Homer's ὃν θυμὸν κατέδων), Ar.; ἐςθ. τὴν χελύνην to bite the lip, id=Ar.
1. good of his kind, good, brave, Hom., esp. in Il.;—also, rich, wealthy, Hes.: noble, opp. to κακός (v. a)gaqo/s 1), εἴτ̆ εὐγενὴς πέφυκας εἴτ̆ ἐςθλῶν κακή Soph.
2. of things, Hom., etc.
3. good, fortunate, lucky, Od., Trag.
4. as Subst., ἐςθλά, τά, goods, Od.:—but ἐςθλόν, good luck, Hom.
5. ἐςθλόν [ἐςτι], c. inf. it is good, expedient to do, Il.
1. hurrying, vehement, eager, impetuous, Il.:— eager, yearning for a thing, c. gen., Hom.; also c. inf., id=Hom.
2. adv. e)ssu^me/nws, hurriedly, furiously, id=Hom.
1. the hearth, fire-place, Hom.; the sanctuary of suppliants, καθέζετο ἐπ̆ ἐςχάρῃ ἐν κονίῃςιν Od.:— a pan of coals, a brasier, Ar.
2. πυρὸς ἐςχάραι the watch-fires of the camp, Il.
3. an altar for burnt-offerings, Od., Soph.
1. to be at the edge, on the border, Il.; epic part. ἐςχατόων straying about the edge of the camp, id=Il.
1. the furthest part, edge, border, verge, Hom., Hdt., attic: in pl. the borders, Hdt.; the extremities of the world, id=Hdt.
1. true, Hom.; τοῦτ̆ ἀγόρευςον ἐτήτυμον tell me this true, Od.; εἰ λέγεις ἐτήτυμα Soph.
2. of persons, truthful, Eur.
3. true, genuine, real, Lat. sincerus, κείνῳ δ̆ οὐκέτι νόςτος ἐτ. for him there remains no true, real return, Od.; ἐτ. Διὸς κόρα Aesch.; παῖς χρυςός Theocr.
4. as adv., in neut. ἐτήτυμον, truly, really, in truth and in deed, Hom.:—regul. adv. -mws, Aesch., Soph.
1. true, real, genuine, Hom.; ἐτεὸν μαντεύεται prophesies truth, Il.; ὡς ἐτεόν περ as the truth is, Hom.
2. ἐτεόν as adv., in truth, really, verily, Lat. revera, id=Hom.; rightly, Theocr.:—attic as an interrog., often in iron. sense, really? indeed? so? Lat. itane? Ar.
1. fruitless, useless, unprofitable, Lat. irritus, ἐτώςιον ἄχθος ἀρούρης Il., etc.
1. well-equipped with greaves, well-greaved, epic nom. and acc. pl. ἐϋκνημῖδες, -ῖδας, Hom.
1. well-built, Il.; νῆςος ἐϋκτιμένη furnished with goodly buildings, Od.; ἐϋκτ. ἐν ἀλῳή on well-made threshing-floor, Il.; of a garden, well-wrought, Od.
1. armed with good ashen spear, Hom.; ἐϋμμελίω epic gen., Il.
1. well filled, Od.
1. fair-flowing, epic gen. ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο, contr. for ἐϋρρεέος, Il.
1. fair-flowing, epic gen. ἐϋρρεῖος ποταμοῖο, contr. for ἐϋρρεέος, Il.
1. well-twisted, of cords, Hom.
1. Dep.:— to spring upon, assail, c. dat., Τρώεςςιν ἐπάλμενος Il.:—also, without hostile sense, c. gen., ἐπιάλμενος ἵππων having leaped upon the chariot, id=Il.
1. to bind on or to, λύουςα ἢ ̆φάπτουςα undoing or making fast, Soph.; τοὖργον ὡς ἐφάψειεν τόδε that she had made fast (i. e. perpetrated) the deed, id=Soph.:—Pass., 3rd sg. perf. and plup. ἐφῆπται, -το, is or was hung over one, impends over, is fixed as one's doom, c. dat., Τρώεςςι κήδε̆ ἐφῆπται Il.
2. Mid. to lay hold of, grasp, reach, c. gen., Od., Theogn., Soph.
3. to lay hold of with the mind, attain to, Lat. assequi, c. gen., Plat.
4. in Pind. also c. dat. (like θιγγάνω, ψαύω) , to apply oneself to.
5. Hdt. uses part. perf. pass. with gen., εἴδεος ἐπαμμένος possessed of a certain degree of beauty.
6. to follow, come next, Theocr.
1. Dep.
2. to sit upon, c. dat., Hom., Ar.;—also c. gen., Pind.; and c. acc., Aesch., Eur.
3. to sit by or near, Od., Aesch.
1. to draw on, drag or trail after one, ἐπ. τὰς οὐράς, of long-tailed sheep, Hdt.; ἵππον ἐκ τοῦ βραχίονος ἐπ. to lead a horse by a rein upon the arm, id=Hdt.; ναῦς ὡς ἐφέλξω will take in tow, Eur.
2. to bring on, bring in its train, id=Eur.
3. to drink off, id=Eur.
4. Pass., ἐφελκομένοιςι πόδεςςι with feet trailing after him, of one who is dragged lifeless away, Il.; ἐφέλκετο ἔγχος, i. e. sticking in his hand, id=Il.; ἐπελκόμενος trailing behind, of a boat, Hdt.; οἱ ἐπελκόμενοι the stragglers of an army, id=Hdt.
5. to be attracted, Hhymn., Thuc.
6. Mid. to draw to oneself, attract, αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα ςίδηρος the very sight of arms attracts men, i. e. tempts them to use it, Od.
7. to draw or pull over, Plut.; ἐφ. ὀφρῦς to frown, Anth.
8. to bring on consequences, Eur., Xen.
9. to assume, Plat., Theocr.
1. to go after, follow, pursue, c. acc., Il.
2. to drive on, urge on, [ἵππους] ἐφέπων μάςτιγι id=Il.; and c. dat. pers., Πατρόκλῳ ἔφεπε ἵππους drove them against him, id=Il.
3. to follow a pursuit, busy oneself about it, c. acc., Hom.; ἐφ. Θήβας to administer, govern it, Aesch.
4. c. acc. loci, to search, explore, traverse, Lat. obire, Hom., Hes.
5. to come suddenly upon, encounter, incur, πότμον ἐπιςπεῖν Hom.; ὀλέθριον ἦμαρ ἐπ. Il.
6. Mid. to follow, pursue, c. dat., Od., Hdt., etc.
7. to follow, accompany, attend, Il., Hdt.; ἐπιςπέςθαι ποςίν to follow on foot, i. e. keep up with, Hdt.; εἴ οἱ τύχη ἐπίςποιτο if fortune attend him, id=Hdt.:—absol., Thuc.
8. to obey, attend to, θεοῦ ὀμφῇ Od.; ἐπιςπόμενοι μένεϊ ςφῷ giving the reins to their passion, id=Od.; βουλῇ ἐπιςπέςθαι πατρός Aesch., etc.:—absol., ὁ ἐπιςπόμενος, opp. to ὁ πείςας, Thuc.:—also to agree, approve, in tmesi, ἐπὶ δ̆ ἕςπωνται θεοὶ ἄλλοι Od.
9. to follow an argument, Plat.
1. at one's own fireside, at home, Od.; ἐφέςτιοι ὅςςοι ἔαςιν as many as have a home of their own, Il.; ἐφέςτιον πῆξαι ςκῆπτρον (i. e. ἐπὶ τῇ ἑςτίᾳ) Soph.:—of suppliants who claim protection by sitting by the fireside, Hdt.; δόμων ἐφ. an inmate of the temple, Aesch.; also merely of guests, Soph.
2. generally, of or in the house or family, Lat. domesticus, πόνοι δόμων ἐφέςτιοι Aesch.; ἐφ. δόμοι the chambers of the house, id=Aesch.:—ionic ἐπίςτιον, ου, τό, a household, family, Hdt.: — θεοὶ ἐφ. the household gods, Lat. Lares or Penates, Ζεὺς ἐπίςτιος, ἐφέςτιος, as presiding over hospitality, id=Hdt., Soph.
1. Causal, in epic aor1, to set upon, ἐφέςςαι to set me ashore, Od.:—Mid., γούναςιν οἷςιν ἐφεςςάμενος having set [me] on his knees, id=Od.; imperat., ἔφεςςαί με νηός set me on board the ship, id=Od.
2. intr. in pres. and imperf. ἐφῖζον, ionic ἐφίζεςκον, to sit at or by, id=Od., Pind., etc.
1. to send to one, Il.
2. c. inf. to set on or incite to do, ἐφέηκε ἀεῖςαι Od.; ἐφ. τινὰ χαλεπῆναι, etc., Il.
3. of things, to throw or launch at one, ὅς τοι ἐφῆκε βέλος id=Il., etc.; ἐφ. οἰςτὸν ἐπί τινι Eur.; ἐφ. χεῖράς τινι to lay hands on him, Od.
4. of events, destinies, etc., to send upon one, τοῖςιν πότμον ἐφῆκεν Il., etc.
5. to send against, in hostile sense, Hdt., etc.:— ἐφ. τὸν ποταμὸν ἐπὶ τὴν χώρην id=Hdt.; ἐφῆκας γλῶςςαν did'st let loose, Eur.
6. to throw into, ἐς λέβητ̆ ἐφῆκεν μέλη id=Eur.
7. to let go, loosen, esp. the rein, Plat.:—hence to give up, yield, Lat. concedere, τινὶ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν Thuc.:—c. inf. to permit, allow, τινὶ ποιεῖν τι Hdt., Soph., etc.
8. to give up, leave as a prey, Soph.:—then, seemingly, intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν), to give oneself up to, οὐρίᾳ a fair wind, Plat.
9. to put the male to the female, Hdt.
10. as law-term, to leave to another to decide, δίκας ἐφ. εἴς τινα Dem.:—and absol. to appeal, εἰς τοὺς δικαςτάς id=Dem.
11. Mid. to lay one's command or behest upon, Hom., Aesch., etc.:—c. inf., ἐφ. τινὶ ποιεῖν τι Soph., Ar.; ἐς Λακεδαίμονα to send orders to L., Thuc.
12. to allow or permit one to do, Soph., etc.
13. c. gen. to aim at, Arist.:— to long after, desire, Soph., Eur., etc.; c. inf. to desire to do, Eur.
1. Causal in pres., imperf., fut., and aor1:
2. to set or place upon, τί τινι Thuc.; τι ἐπί τινι Xen.: metaph., ἐφ. μοῖραν βίῳ Plat.
3. to set over, Lat. praeficere, ἐφ. τινὰ ὕπαρχόν τιςι Hdt., etc.
4. to set up, establish, institute games, id=Hdt.
5. to set by or near to, ἱππέας ἐπιςτήςαντες κύκλῳ τὸ ςῆμα ( = περὶ τὸ ς.) id=Hdt.
6. to stop, make halt, Lat. inhibere, Xen.: —absol., ἐπιςτήςας (sc. ἑαυτόν, τὸν ἵππον) having halted, id=Xen.
7. ἐφίςτημι τὴν γνώμην κατά τι to fix one's mind upon it, attend to it, and then absol. to give attention, Arist.
8. c. acc. pers. to arrest the attention of, Plut.
9. intr. in Mid. and Pass., ἐφίςταμαι, aor1 ἐπεςτάθην, with perf., plup. and aor2 act.:— to stand upon, πύργῳ, δίφρῳ, ἐπὶ βηλῷ Il.
10. to be imposed upon, τινι Soph.
11. to stand on the top or surface, τὸ ἐπιςτάμενον τοῦ γάλακτος, i. e. cream, Hdt.
12. to be set over, Lat. praeesse, c. dat., Aesch., etc.; also c. gen., Hdt., Eur.:—absol. to be in authority, Hdt., etc.
13. to stand by or near, ἀλλήλοιςι Il., etc.: of dreams or visions, to appear to, εὕδοντι ἐπέςτη ὄνειρος Hdt.
14. in hostile sense, to stand against, oppose, Hom.: to come upon by surprise, Thuc.
15. of events, to impend, be at hand, Lat. instare, Κῆρες ἐφεςτᾶςιν θανάτοιο Il.; πρίν μοι τύχη ἐπέςτη Soph.
16. to halt, stop, as in a march, Xen.:— c. gen., ἐπ. τοῦ πλοῦ Thuc.
17. to fix one's mind on, give one's attention to, τινι Eur., Dem.
18. the aor1 mid. is used in causal sense, to set up, τὰς θύρας Xen.: to set, post, φρουρούς id=Xen.
1. to please, be grateful to, c. dat., ἐμοὶ δ̆ ἐπιανδάνει οὕτως Il.; τοῖςιν δ̆ ἐπιήνδανε μῦθος Od.
1. intr. to fit on or to, to fit one, c. dat., Il.
2. to be adapted to, τινί Arist.
3. trans. to fit one thing to another, fit on, put on, τί τινι Hes., Theocr.:— Mid. to put on oneself, Anth.
4. to suit, accommodate, Xen.; πίςτιν ἐφαρμόςαι to add fitting assurance, Soph.
1. a command, behest, Hom., etc.
1. to light upon, discover, Od.; with a partic. to find one doing so and so, Hom., Soph.:—so in Pass., μὴ ἐπευρεθῇ πρήςςων Hdt.
2. to invent or bring in besides, generally to invent, Pind., Eur.
1. living but a day, short-lived, Pind., Eur., etc.
2. of men, ἐφήμεροι creatures of a day, Pind., Aesch.
3. for the day, daily, Plut., etc.
4. φάρμακον ἐφ. killing on the same day, id=Plut.
1. to sit at or in a place, c. dat., Il.; ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροιςιν ἐφίζανεν sleep sate upon, id=Il.
1. Dep.:— to reach at, aim at, c. gen., Il., Plat., etc.
2. to reach or extend, ἐφ̆ ὅςον μνήμη ἐφ. Xen., etc.
3. metaph. to hit or touch the right points, Lat. rem acu tangere, τῷ λόγῳ ἐφ. τῶν ἐκεῖ κακῶν Dem.;—so, ἐς τὰ ἄλλα ἐπίκεο Hdt.
4. to reach, gain, attain to, ἀνδραγαθίας Aeschin., etc.
5. c. acc. to come upon, εἴ ςε μοῖρ̆ ἐφίκοιτο Pind.; dupl. acc., ἐπικέςθαι πληγὰς τὸν Ἑλλήςποντον to visit it with blows, Hdt.
1. to follow close after, Il.
1. to equip, get ready, prepare, Hom.; so in Mid., δόρπα τ̆ ἐφοπλιςόμεςθα we will get ready our suppers, Il.
2. to arm against, τινά τινι, so in Mid., Anth.
1. to oversee, observe, survey, of the sun, Hom.:—then of the gods, to watch over, observe, take notice of, Od., Hdt., etc.; of a general going his rounds, Thuc.; to visit the sick, Xen.
2. simply, to look upon, view, behold, Od., etc.:—Pass., ὅςον ἐφεωρᾶτο τῆς νήςου as much of it as was in view, Thuc.
3. to look out, choose, ἐπιόψομαι ἥτις ἀρίςτη Od., etc.
1. to stir up, rouse against one, Hom.; ἐπορμῆςαι τοὺς λύκους to set them on, Hdt.; ναύτας ἐφορμήςαντα τὸ πλεῖν having urged them on to sail, Soph.
2. intr. to rush upon, attack, τινί Eur.
3. Pass. and Mid. to be stirred up; c. inf. to be eager or desire to do, Hom.:—absol. to rush furiously on, ἔγχει ἐφορμᾶςθαι Il.; ἐφορμηθείς id=Il.; and, without hostile sense, to spring forward, Od.:— c. acc. to rush upon, make a dash at, Il.
1. to insult over one, Il.; c. dat., Soph.; c. acc., in Mid., μὴ ̆φυβρίζεςθαι νεκρούς Eur.; ἐφύβριζον ἄλλα τε καὶ εἰ they used insulting language, asking especially whether, Thuc.
2. to exult maliciously over, Soph.
1. above, atop, above, Hom.:— from above, Od.:—c. gen., Theocr.
1. sensible, prudent, discreet, Hom.
1. Homeric epith. of a dart, bitter, or rather sharp-pointed, piercing, Il.
1. to hate, detest, Hom., Trag.; c. acc. cogn., ἔχθος ἐχθήρας μέγα hating with great hatred, Soph.:—Pass. to be hated, hateful, Trag.; so in fut. mid., ἐχθαρεῖ μὲν ἐξ ἐμοῦ Soph.
1. in hostility with another, c. dat., Il.
1. hated, hateful, Hom., etc.; ἐχθρόν μοί ἐςτιν, c. inf., 'tis hateful to me to . . , Il.
2. act. hostile, at enmity with, τινι Thuc., etc.
3. as Subst., ἐχθρός, ὁ, one's enemy, Hes., etc.; ὁ Διὸς ἐχθρός Aesch.; οἱ ἐμοὶ ἐχθροί Thuc.
4. the regul. comp. and Sup. ἐχθρότερος, -τατος are rare: the irreg. ἐχθίων, ἔχθιςτος being more used.
5. adv. e)xqrw=s, Plat., etc.; comp. ἐχθροτέρως, Dem.
1. well-built, Il.; νῆςος ἐϋκτιμένη furnished with goodly buildings, Od.; ἐϋκτ. ἐν ἀλῳή on well-made threshing-floor, Il.; of a garden, well-wrought, Od.
1. well-spun, Hom.
1. flowing well or plentifully, fair-flowing, Il., Soph., Eur.
2. of words, flowing, fluent, glib, id=Eur.
1. good, brave, noble, Hom.:—epic gen. pl. ἐάων, of good things, good fortune, id=Hom.
1. well-cut, of leatherwork, Il.
1. prob. epic for ἥφθη, aor1 pass. of ἅπτω ἐπ̆ αὐτῶι ἀςπὶς ἑάφθη upon him his shield was fastened upon or clung to him, i. e. they fell together, Il.
1. fit for wearing, ἑα_νῷ λιτί with linen good for wear, i. e. fine and white, Il.; πέπλος ἑα_νός a fine, light, veil, id=Il.; ἑα_νοῦ καςςιτέροιο tin beat out and so made fit for wear, id=Il.
2. as Subst., ἑανός, ὁ, a fine robe, fit for the wear of goddesses and great ladies, Hom.
1. the seventh, Il.
1. sweet, delicious, Il.
1. a betrother, Il.
1. to seat or set:—Pass. to sit, in epic forms 3rd pl. pres. and imperf. ἑδριόωνται, ἑδριόωντο, Hom., Hes.; inf. ἑδριάαςθαι, id=Hes.
2. intr. in Act. to sit, Theocr.
1. far, afar, far off, Lat. procul, Hom., Trag.; οὐχ ἑκάς Thuc.:—c. gen. far from, far away from, Il.; also, ἑκὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχεος id=Il.
2. comp. ἑκαςτέρω, farther, Od., etc.:—c. gen., Hdt.; also ἑκαςτοτέρω Theocr.:—Sup. ἑκαςτάτω, farthest, Il., Hdt.; ἑκαςτάτω τινός farthest from . . , id=Hdt.
3. of Time, οὐχ ἑκὰς χρόνου in no long time, id=Hdt.
1. on each side, on either hand, Lat. utrinque, Hom.: —c. gen. on each side of, id=Hom.
1. to each side, each way, both ways, Plat., Xen.
1. far-shooting, epith. of Apollo, Hom., Hes.; as Subst. the far-darter, Il.
1. hundred-handed, of Briareus, Il.:— ἑκατόγ-χειρ, Plut.
1. with 100 benches for rowers, Il.
1. properly an offering of a hundred oxen, — but generally, a great public sacrifice:—thus, in Il. we find a hecatomb of twelve oxen, in Od. of eighty-one.
1. worth a hundred beeves, Il.
1. measuring a hundred feet, Il.
1. with a hundred cities, Il.
1. hundred-gated, Il.
1. a hundred, Lat. centum, Il., etc.
1. skill in archery, Il.
1. far-darting, far-shooting, epith. of Apollo, Il.
1. sixteen palms long, Il.
1. a mother-in-law, step-mother, = penqera/, Il.
1. a father-in-law, step-father, = penqero/s, Il.
1. willing, of free will, readily, Hom., etc.
2. wittingly, purposely, ἑκὼν ἡμάρτανε φωτός Il., attic
3. in Prose, ἑκὼν εἶναι or ἑκών, as far as depends on my will, as far as concerns me, mostly with a negat., Hdt., Plat.
1. with rolling eyes, quick-glancing, Il.
1. to turn round, to turn a chariot round the doubling-post, Il.; so of the chariot of Day, Aesch., Eur.; ἑλ. κόνιν to roll the eddying dust, Aesch.; ἑλ. δίνας of the Euripus, Eur.; ἑλ. βλέφαρα id=Eur.
2. of any rapid motion, esp. of a circular kind, ἑλ. πλάταν to ply the oar swiftly, Soph.; ἑλ. πόδα to move the swift foot, Eur.: absol. to dance, id=Eur.
3. to roll or wind round, as the wool round the distaff, Hdt., Eur.
4. metaph. to turn in one's mind, revolve, Soph.; ἑλ. λόγους to speak wily words, Eur.
5. Pass. and Mid. to turn oneself round, turn quick round, turn to bay, Il.; of a serpent, to coil himself, id=Il.; of a missile, to spin through the air, id=Il.
6. to turn hither and thither, go about, id=Il.:—also, like Lat. versari, to be busy about a thing, id=Il.
7. to whirl in the dance, Eur.
8. Mid. in Act. sense, with a whirl, like a sling, Il.
9. τὰς κεφαλὰς εἰλίχατο μίτρηιςι have their heads rolled round with turbans, Hdt.
1. that can be taken or caught, Il.
1. marsh-bred, Il.
1. to drag about, tear asunder, Il.: to attempt violence to one, Od.
1. trailing the robe, with long train, Il.
1. trailing the tunic, with long tunic, Il.
1. a being carried off, violence suffered, Il.
1. Frequentat. of ἕλκω, to drag about, Il.
1. to roll round (cf. εἰλύω):— only in aor1 pass. ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἐλύςθη rolled to the ground, Il.; προπάροιθε ποδῶν Ἀχιλῆος ἐλυςθείς rolled up, crouching before Achilles' feet, id=Il.; ὑπὸ γαςτέρ̆ ἐλυςθείς huddled under [the ram's] belly, Od.
2. = ei)lu/w, to wrap up, cover, Apoll.
1. the eleventh, Hom., etc.
1. eleven cubits long, Il.
1. six years old, Il., Ar.
1. indecl. sixty, Hom., etc.
1. one after another, in order, in a row, Hom.: in order, in a regular manner, Plat.
2. of Time, thereafter, next, Aesch., etc.; ἡ ἑξῆς ἡμέρα the next day, NTest.
3. c. gen. next to, Ar.; τούτων ἑξῆς next after this, Dem.; c. dat. next to, Plat.
1. seven, Lat. septem, Hom., etc.
1. with seven gates, epith. of Boeotian Thebes, Hom., etc.;—Egyptian Thebes being ἑκατόμπυλοι.
1. of seven bulls'-hides, Il.
1. seven feet long, Il., Hes.
1. a fence, inclosure, Hom.
1. to creep, crawl, of persons weighed down by age or distress.
1. dewy, dew-besprent, Il.: metaph. of a corpse, fresh, id=Il.
1. of Time, at even, at eventide, Hom.; ἑςπέριος ἦλθεν Od., etc.
2. of Place, western, Lat. occidentalis, id=Od., Eur.; τὰ ἑςπ. the western parts, Thuc.
1. adv.
2. from the other side, Il.
3. in pregnant sense with Verbs of rest, as if for ἑτέρωθι, on the other side, opposite, id=Il.
1. adv.
2. on the other side, Od., Hdt.
3. = a)/lloqi, elsewhere, Hom., etc.:—c. gen., ἑτ. τοῦ λόγου in another part of my story, Hdt.
4. at another time, id=Hom.
1. adv. to the other side, Hom.:— on one side, id=Hom.
2. in pregnant sense with Verbs of Rest, as if for ἑτέρωθι, on the other side, Il., Dem.
3. = a)/llose, elsewhither, Il., Hom.
1. a companion, Il.; φόρμιγξ, ἣν δαιτὶ θεοὶ ποίηςαν ἑταίρην Od.; πενία ςφιν ἑταίρα Theocr.
2. opp. to a lawful wife, a concubine, a courtesan, Hdt., attic
1. to be a comrade to any one, c. dat., Il.
2. trans. in Mid. to associate with oneself, choose for one's comrade, ἤ τινά που Τρώων ἑταρίςςαιτο (epic for ἑταιρίςαιτο) id=Il.
1. a comrade, companion, mate, Hom.; a common way of addressing people, ὦ ̆ταῖρε my good friend, Ar.; φίλ̆ ἑταῖρε Theogn.; pupils or disciples were the ἑταῖροι of their masters, as those of Socrates, Xen.:—c. gen., δαιτὸς ἑταῖρε partner of my feast, Hhymn.; πόςιος καὶ βρώςιος ἑταῖροι mess mates, Theogn.
2. metaph. of things, ἐςθλὸς ἑταῖρος, of a fair wind, Od.; c. dat., βίος ὁ ςοφοῖς ἕταρος Anth.: as adj. associate in a thing, c. gen., Plat.: Sup., ἑταιρότατος id=Plat.
1. giving strength to one of two, Δαναοῖςι μάχης ἑτεραλκέα νίκην δοῦναι to give victory in battle inclining to the side of the Danai, Il.; ἑτ. ςῆμα a sign that victory was changing sides, id=Il.; so without μάχης, δίδου ἑτεραλκέα νίκην Hom.
2. act., δῆμος ἑτ. a body of men which decides the victory, Il.
3. inclining first to one side then to the other, doubtful, Lat. anceps, Hdt.; so in adv., ἑτεραλκέως ἀγωνίζεςθαι, ancipiti Marte pugnare, id=Hdt.
1. to make or get ready, prepare, provide, Il., Hdt., attic; c. inf., κάπρον ἑτοιμαςάτω ταμέειν Il.
2. Mid. to cause to be prepared, id=Il.
3. with perf. pass. ἡτοίμαςμαι, to prepare for oneself, τἄλλα ἡτοιμάζετο made his other arrangements, Thuc.; ἡτοιμαςμένοι Xen.
4. to prepare oneself, c. inf., id=Xen.
1. at hand, ready, prepared, of food, Od., Hdt.; ἑτ. χρήματα ready money, money in hand, id=Hdt.; ἑτ. ποιεῖςθαι to make ready, id=Hdt.; ἐξ ἑτοίμου off-hand, forthwith, Xen.:— τὰ ἑτοῖμα what comes to hand, Thuc.
2. of the future, sure to come, certain, Il.:—also easy to be done, feasible, id=Il.
3. of the past, carried into effect, made good, Hom.
4. of persons or the will, ready, active, zealous, Lat. paratus, promptus, Hdt., Aesch.; εἴς or πρός τι Hdt., Xen.:—c. inf. ready to do, Hdt., attic: τὸ ἕτοιμον readiness, Eur.
5. adv. -mws, readily, Thuc., etc.
1. possessive adj. of 3 pers. sg. his, her own, Lat. suus, Hom., etc.; never in attic Prose.
1. the inwards, entrails, bowels, Lat. intestina, Hom.
1. to lie in, be wrapped in clothes, Il., Hdt.
2. ἔγκειςθαί τινι to be involved in a thing, Eur.
3. to press upon, of troops pressing upon the enemy, Thuc.:—with an adj. or adv., πολλὸς ἐνέκειτο was very urgent, Hdt.; πολὺς ἔγκειται he insists much upon a thing, c. dat., Dem.
4. to be devoted to one, Theocr.
1. an eel, Lat. anguilla, Il., Ar., etc.
1. a spear, lance, often in Hom., consisting of two parts, αἰχμή and δόρυ, head and shaft, Il.
2. iI. any weapon, a sword, Soph., Eur.:—metaph., φροντίδος ἔγχος Soph.
1. to eat, Hom.: of beasts, to eat, devour, id=Hom.; of worms, to gnaw, id=Hom.
2. to eat up, devour, consume, βίοτον, κτήματα Od.: also, ἄλγεςι θυμὸν ἔδοντες id=Od.
1. hair, used by Hom. in pl., either of a horse's mane, or of the horsehair crest on helmets:—later in sg. and pl. of the hair of the head, Aesch., Eur., etc.; of a lion's mane, Theocr.
1. a number of people accustomed to live together, a company, body of men, Il., etc.; ἔθνος λαῶν a host of men, id=Il.; also of animals, swarms, flocks, id=Il., Soph.
2. after Hom., a nation, people, Hdt., etc.:—in NTest. τὰ ἔθνη the nations, Gentiles, i. e. all but Jews and Christians.
3. a special class of men, a caste, tribe, Plat., Xen.
4. sex, id=Xen.
1. to be accustomed: the pres. only in partic., κακὰ πόλλ̆ ἔρδεςκεν ἔθων much ill he wrought by custom, i. e. was accustomed to work, Il.; otherwise, perf. εἴωθα, ionic ἔωθα is used as a pres., and plup. εἰώθειν, ionic ἐώθεα, as imperf.:— to be wont or accustomed, be in the habit, c. inf., Il., Hdt., etc.:—in part. absol. accustomed, customary, usual, Il., Soph., etc.; in neut., κατὰ τὸ εἰωθός according to custom, παρὰ τὸ εἰωθός contrary to custom, Thuc.
1. alike, equal:
2. of a feast, equal, i. e. equally shared, of which each partakes alike, Il.
3. of ships, even or well-balanced, Hom.
4. of a shield, equal all ways, i. e. perfectly round, Il.
5. of the mind, even, well-balanced, Lat. aequus, Od.
1. born of, sprung from, τινός Hom.
2. as Subst. a child, whether son or daughter, id=Hom.; and in pl. ἔκγονοι, descendants, Hdt., etc.; neut., ἔκγονά τινος one's offspring, Aesch.
1. conspicuous, Il.:— quite plain, Dem.
1. terrible, fearful, of persons; superl. ἐκπαγλότατος Il.:—of things, Od.
2. as adv. terribly, vehemently, exceedingly, Hom.:—also neut. as adv., ἔκπαγλον and ἔκπαγλα, Il.
3. in later Poets, marvellous, wondrous, Aesch., Soph.; adv. e)/kpagla marvellously, id=Soph.
1. for ἐκ τόθεν, out of, outside, c. gen., Il.
1. outside, c. gen., Hom.:—absol., Od.
1. olive-oil, Lat. oleum, olivum, Hom.
1. a deer, whether male, a hart or stag, or female, a hind, Il.:— κραδίην ἐλάφοιο [ἔχων] with heart of deer, i. e. a coward, id=Il.
1. to wish, long to do a thing, c. inf., Hom: —c. gen. to long for, Id=Hom.: c. acc. to desire, Id=Hom.:—as Pass., νῦν τοι ἐελδέςθω πόλεμος be war now welcome, Il.
1. a wish, longing, desire, Il., Hes.
1. a cross-examining, testing, for purposes of disproof or refutation, ἔχειν ἔλεγχον to admit of disproof, Hdt., Thuc.; ἔλ. διδόναι τοῦ βίου to give an account of one's life, Plat.; εἰς ἔλ. πίπτειν to be convicted, Eur.; οἱ περὶ Παυςανίαν ἔλ. the evidence on which he was convicted, Thuc.
1. pity, mercy, compassion, Il., attic; ἔλ. τινος pity for . . , Eur.:—in NTest. also ἔλεος, τό.
2. an object of compassion, a piteous thing, Eur.
1. to make to hope, πάντας ἔλπει feeds all with hope, Od.
2. Mid. to hope or expect, indulge hope, Hom., Hdt.; like attic ἐλπίζω.
3. to expect anxiously, to fear, Hom., Hdt.
4. generally, to think, deem, suppose, Il.
1. opposite, over against, face to face, c. gen., Il.; ἔν. προςβλέπειν νεκρόν Soph.; ἔν. ἐλθεῖν Eur.
1. the arms and trappings of a slain foe, spoils, booty, Lat. spolia, Il.
1. ninth, Lat. nonus, Il., Hes.
2. in pl. = e)nne/a, Anth.
1. the entrails, or rather the body enclosed in armour, Il.
1. cf. Lat. sub divo, at midday, at noon, Hom., Theocr.
2. ἔνδι^ος, in the open air, Anth.: neut. ἔνδι^ον, an abode, id=Anth.
1. adv. from within, Lat. intrinsecus, Od., Trag., etc.:—c. gen., ἔνδοθεν ςτέγης from inside the tent, Soph.
2. like οἴκοθεν, of oneself, by one's own doing, Aesch.
3. within, c. gen., Il., Hes.
4. absol., Hdt.; οἱ ἔνδοθεν the domestics, Ar.; or the people inside the city, Thuc.
1. adv. within, at home, Lat. intus, Hom.
2. c. gen., Il.
1. in, within, in the house, at home, Lat. intus, Hom., etc.; τἄνδον as adv. in one's heart, Eur.:—οἱ ἔνδον those of the house, the family, Soph.: τὰ ἔνδον family matters, id=Soph.
2. c. gen., Διὸς ἔνδον in the house of Zeus, Il.; ςκηνῆς ἔνδον Soph.; φρενῶν ἔνδον in one's senses, Eur.
1. to be in a place, c. dat., Hom., etc.: c. dat. pl. to be among, Hdt.
2. absol. to be there, be in abundance, Od., etc.; ςίτου οὐκ ἐνόντος as there was no corn there, Thuc.; ἱερῶν τῶν ἐνόντων of the temples that were in the place, id=Thuc.
3. to be possible, Trag., etc.
4. impers. c. dat. pers. et inf. it is in one's power, one may or can, Soph., etc.
5. part. neut. ἐνόν absol. since it was in them, was possible, Luc.
6. τὰ ἐνόντα all things possible, Dem.
1. adv., from beneath, up from below, Il., Aesch., Eur.
2. without sense of motion, beneath, below, Hom.; οἱ ἔνερθε θεοί the gods below, Lat. dii inferi, Il.
3. as prep. with gen. beneath, below, Hom., Trag.
4. subject to, in the power of, Soph.
1. Lat. inferi, those below, those beneath the earth, Il., Hes., Aesch.
1. adv.:
2. Demonstr.
3. of Place, there, Lat. ibi, Hom., etc.:—also with Verbs of motion, thither, Lat. illuc, id=Hom.; ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα here and there, hither and thither, Lat. hic illic, huc illuc, id=Hom.
4. of Time, thereupon, then, just then, id=Hom., etc.
5. Relat.,
6. of Place, where, Lat. ubi, Il., etc.;c. gen., γαίας ἔνθα in that spot of earth in which, Soph.; ἔνθα πημάτων κυρῶ at what point of misery I am, Eur.: —with Verbs of motion, whither, Lat. quo, Soph.
7. of Time, when, Xen.; ἔςτιν ἔνθα, Lat. est ubi, sometimes, Soph.
1. adv.:
2. Demonstr.,
3. of Place, Lat. inde, thence, Hom.; ἔνθεν μὲν . . , ἑτέρωθι δέ .. , on the one side and the other, Od.; ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν on this side and on that, Lat. hinc illinc, Hdt., etc.:— c. gen., ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν τῶν τροχῶν on both sides of the wheels, Xen.
4. of Time, thereupon, thereafter, Il., Aesch.
5. of occasion, thence, from that point, Od.
6. Relat., for ὅθεν,
7. of Place, Lat. unde, whence, from which, id=Od., Soph.
8. of occasion, whence, like Lat. unde, Aesch., Eur. Hence
1. = e)nnu/^xios, Il., Aesch.:—adv. e)/nnuxon or -χα, NTest.
2. epith. of Hades, Soph.
1. uncastrated, entire, ἔνορχα μῆλα rams, Il.
1. fighting gear, arms, armour, Hom.
2. furniture, appliances, ἔντεα δαιτός Od.; ἔντεα νηός rigging, tackle, Hhymn.; ἔντη δίφρου the harness, Aesch.
1. an intestine, piece of gut, ἔντερον οἰός a string of sheep's gut, Od.:—mostly in pl. ἔντερα, the guts, bowels, Il., attic
1. from within, Od.: —also = e)nto/s, within, absol. or c. gen., Il.
1. much asked for, much desired, choice, excellent, Hom.
1. a leader, beginner, Lat. auctor, Il.
2. the leader of a chorus, Lat. coryphaeus, Dem.
1. to go out, come out of the house, Hom.; c. gen. loci, Od., Soph.; ἐξ. ἐκ τῶν ἱππέων to leave the knights, Hdt.; εἰς ἔλεγχον ἐξιέναι to come forth to the trial, Soph.
2. to march out with an army, Thuc., Xen.:—c. acc. cogn. to go out on an expedition or enterprise, Soph., Eur., etc.
3. to come forward on the stage, Ar.
4. of Time or incidents, to come to an end, expire, Hdt., Soph.
1. it is allowed, it is in one's power, is possible, c. inf., Hdt.: c. dat. pers. et inf., id=Hdt., attic; ἔξ. ςοι ἀνδρὶ γενέςθαι Xen.:— c. acc. pers. et inf., Ar.:—part. neut. absol., ἐξόν since it was possible, Hdt., Aesch., etc.
1. standing out: metaph. eminent, excellent, Hom.
2. c. gen. standing out from, most eminent, greatest, mightiest, used like a superl., ἔξοχος ἡρώων, ἔξ. ἄλλων Il.; but a real Sup. ἐξοχώτατος Aesch., Eur.:—also c. dat., μέγ̆ ἔξοχοι αἰπολίοιςιν eminent among the herds, Od.; so, ἐν πολλοῖςι ἔξοχος ἡρώεςςιν Il.
3. neut. pl. ἔξοχα as adv., especially, above others, Hom.; ἐμοὶ δόςαν ἔξοχα gave me as a high honour, Od.; ἔξοχ̆ ἄριςτοι beyond compare the best, Hom.
4. c. gen., ἔξοχα πάντων far above all, id=Hom.
1. of Place
2. with Verbs of motion, out, ἔξω ἰών Od.; χωρεῖν ἔξω Hdt., etc.:—c. gen. out of, Hom., etc.:—c. acc., ἔξω τὸν Ἑλλήςποντον outside the H., Hdt.
3. without any sense of motion, like ἐκτός, outside, without, Od.: τὸ ἔξω the outside, Thuc.; τὰ ἔξω things outside the walls, id=Thuc.; τὰ ἔξω πράγματα foreign affairs, id=Thuc.;— οἱ ἔξω those outside, id=Thuc. (in NTest. the heathen); —ἡ ἔξω θάλαςςα, the Ocean, opp. to ἡ ἐντός (the Mediterranean sea), Hdt.:—c. gen., οἱ ἔξω γένους Soph.; ἔξω τοξεύματος, ἔξω βελῶν out of shot, Thuc., Xen.; ἔξω τινὸς εἶναι to have nothing to do with it, Thuc.; ἔξω τοῦ φρονεῖν out of one's senses, Eur.:—proverb., ἔξω τοῦ πηλοῦ αἴρειν πόδα to keep clear of difficulties, Aesch.; πημάτων ἔξω πόδα ἔχειν id=Aesch.
4. of Time, beyond, over, ἔξω μέςου ἡμέρας Xen.
5. without, but, except, c. gen., , Hdt., Thuc.
1. to be like:
2. to be like, look like, τινι Hom., etc.:—with the part., where we use the inf., αἰεὶ γὰρ δίφρου ἐπιβηςομένοιςι ἐί̈κτην seemed always just about to set foot upon the chariot, Il.; ἔοικε ςπεύδοντι seems anxious, Plat.
3. to seem likely, c. inf., in phrases which we render by making the Verb impersonal, as in the Lat. videor videre, methinks I see, χλιδᾶν ἔοικας methinks thou art delicate, Aesch.; ἔοικα οὐκ εἰδέναι Soph.
4. impers., ἔοικε it seems; ὡς ἔοικε as it seems, id=Soph., etc.; ὡς ἔοικε used to modify a statement, probably, I believe, Plat.:—so also personal, ὡς ἔοικας Soph.
5. to beseem, befit, c. dat. pers., Xen.
6. impers., ἔοικε it is fitting, right, seemly, reasonable, mostly with a negat. and foll. by inf., οὐκ ἔςτ̆, οὐδὲ ἔοικε, ἀρνήςαςθαι it is not possible, nor is it seemly, to deny, Hom.
7. part. ἐοικώς, εἰκώς, ionic οἰκώς, υῖα, ός,
8. seeming like, like, id=Hom., etc.
9. fitting, seemly, meet, id=Hom.
10. likely, probable, εἰκός ἐςτι, for ἔοικε, Soph.; also ὡς εἰκός, ionic ὡς οἰκός, for ὡς ἔοικε, Hdt., etc.
1. a means of defence: in pl. battlements, Il., Hdt., etc.:—in sg. the battlements, parapet, Il., Thuc.
2. generally, a defence, protection, Aesch., Eur.
1. to come upon:
2. come near, approach, Od.
3. mostly in hostile sense, to come or go against, attack, assault, c. acc., Il.; c. dat., id=Il., Hdt., attic; absol., Hom.; οἱ ἐπιόντες the invaders, assailants, Hdt.; but ὁ ἐπιών ͂ ὁ τυχών, the first comer, Soph.
4. to get on the βῆμα to speak, Thuc.: to come on the stage, Xen.
5. of events, etc., to come upon one, overtake, c. acc., Il., Aesch.: c. dat. to come near, threaten, Il., etc.
6. c. dat. pers. to come into one's head, occur to one, Plat., Xen.;—absol., τοὐπιόν what occurs to one, Plat.
7. of Time, to come on or after: mostly in part. ἐπιών, οῦςα, όν, following, succeeding, instant, ἡ ἐπιοῦςα ἡμέρα the coming day, Hdt.; ὁ ἐπιὼν βίοτος Eur.; τὰ ἐπιόντα the consequences, Dem.; ὁ ἐπιών the successor, Soph.
8. to go over a space, to traverse, visit, c. acc., Od., Hdt., etc.
9. to go over, i. e. count over, Od.
1. marks sequence, thereupon, Lat. deinde, when strongly opposed to the former act or state, with past tenses, thereafter, afterwards, with future, hereafter, Hom., etc.; in narrative, πρῶτον μέν . . , followed by ἔπειτα δέ . . , Lat. primum . . , deinde . . , Thuc., etc.; πρὶν μὲν . . , ἔπ. δὲ . . Soph.:—with the Article, τὸ ἔπ. what follows, id=Soph.; οἱ ἔπ. future generations, Aesch.; ὁ ἔπ. βίος Plat.; ἐν τῷ ἔπ. (sc. χρόνῳ) id=Plat.
2. like εἶτα, with a Verb after a part., μειδήςαςα δ̆ ἐπ. ἑῷ ἐγκάτθετο κόλπῳ she smiled and then placed it in her bosom, Il.; often to mark surprise or the like, and then, and yet, τὸ μητρὸς αἷμα ἐκχέας ἔπ. δώματ̆ οἰκήςεις πατρός; after shedding thy mother's blood, wilt thou yet dwell in thy father's house? Aesch.
3. after a Temporal Conjunct. then, thereafter ἐπειδὴ ςφαίρῃ πειρήςαντο, ὠρχείςθην δὴ ἔπ. when they had done playing at ball, then they danced, Od.
4. after εἰ or ἤν, then surely, εἰ δ̆ ἐτεὸν ἀγορεύεις, ἐξ ἄρα δή τοι ἔπ. θεοὶ φρένας ὤλεςαν if thou speakest sooth, then of a surety have the gods infatuated thee, Il.; so when the apodosis is a question, εἰ κελεύετε, πῶς ἂν ἔπειτ̆ Ὀδυςῆος λαθοίμην; how can I in such a case? id=Il.
5. of Consequence or Inference, why then, therefore, οὐ ςύγ̆ ἔπειτα Τύδεος ἔκγονός ἐςςι id=Il.
6. to begin a story, well then, Od.
7. in attic to introduce emphatic questions, why then . . ? ἔπ. τοῦ δέει; Ar.; to express surprise, and so forsooth? and so really? ἔπειτ̆ οὐκ οἴει φροντίζειν [τοὺς θεοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων]; Xen.; ἔπειτα δῆτα δοῦλος ὢν κόμην ἔχεις; Ar.
1. a word, Od., etc.:— a tale, story, lay, id=Od.
2. a pledged word, promise, Il., etc.
3. a word of advice, counsel, id=Il.
4. the word of a deity, a prophecy, oracle, Od., Hdt., Trag.:—later also, a saying, saw, proverb, Hdt.
5. the meaning, substance, subject of a speech, a thing or matter, Il.
6. Phrases:— ἅμα ἔπος τε καὶ ἔργον ἐποίεε "no sooner said than done," Hdt.
7. κατ̆ ἔπος word by word, exactly, Ar.
8. οὐδὲν πρὸς ἔπος nothing to the purpose, Plat.
9. ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν or ὡς εἰπεῖν ἔπος, so to say, as the saying is, Eur., etc.
10. ἑνὶ ἔπει in one word, briefly, Hdt.
11. in pl. poetry in heroic verse, epic poetry, opp. to μέλη (lyric poetry), etc., id=Hdt., attic: also, generally, poetry, Pind.
12. in sg. a verse or line of poetry, Hdt., Ar.
1. to earth, to the ground, Hom.; doric ἔραςδε Theocr.
1. to love, to be in love with, c. gen. pers., Hom., Eur.
2. of things, to love passionately, long for, lust after, Il., Hdt., attic
3. c. inf. to desire eagerly, Theogn., Soph., etc.
1. to confine, epic imperf. ἐέργνυν, Od.
1. work, Hom., etc.; τὰ ςαυτῆς ἔργα κόμιζε mind your own business, Hom.:
2. in Il. mostly of deeds of war, πολεμήϊα ἔργα Il., etc.; so, ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ during the action, Thuc.; ἔργου ἔχεςθαι to engage in battle, id=Thuc.
3. of works of industry, tilled lands, fields, farms, Hom.; οὔτε βοῶν οὔτ̆ ἀνδρῶν ἔργα (cf. Virgil's hominumque boumque labores), Il.; ἔργα Ἰθάκης the tilled lands of Ithaca, Od.; so in attic, τὰ κατ̆ ἀγροὺς ἔργα, etc.:—then, generally, property, wealth, possessions, ἔργον ἀέξειν Od.
4. of women's work, weaving, Hom.
5. of other occupations, θαλάςςια ἔργα fishing, as a way of life, Od.; periphr., ἔργα δαιτός works of feasting, Il.; so, ἔργα θήρας, etc. Xen., etc.:—in attic also of all kinds of works, such as mines, iron- works, id=Il., Dem.
6. a hard piece of work, a hard task, Il.: also, a shocking deed or act, Lat. facinus, Od.:— also, χερμάδιον λάβε Τυδείδης, μέγα ἔργον a huge mass, Il.
7. a deed, action, often, as opp. to ἔπος, deed, not word, Hom.
8. a thing, matter, πᾶν ἔργον in every point, Il.; ἄκουε τοὔργον Soph., etc.
9. Pass. that which is wrought, a work, of the arms of Achilles, Il.; metal-work is called ἔργον hφαίςτοιο Od., etc.
10. the result of work, ἔργον χρημάτων profit on money, Dem.
11. the following pecul. attic phrases arise from signf. I:
12. ἔργον ἐςτί,
13. c. gen. pers. his business, his proper work, ἔργον ἀγαθοῦ πολίτου Plat.; so, ςὸν ἔργον ἐςτί it is your business, Aesch.
14. c. gen. rei, there is need of, use of a thing, Eur.
15. c. inf. it is hard work, difficult to do, πολὺ ἔργον ἂν εἴη διεξελθεῖν Xen., etc.; οὐκ ἔργον θρηνεῖςθαι 'tis no use to lament, Soph.
16. ἔργα παρέχειν τινί to give one trouble, Ar.; ἔργον ἔχειν to take trouble, Xen.
1. to do work, obsol. Root, for which ἔρδω, ῥέζω, ἐργάζομαι are used in the pres.: for the fut., aor1 and perf., v. e)/rdw.
1. to do, Hom., etc.; often c. dupl. acc., to do something to a person, κακὰ πολλὰ ἔοργεν Τρῶας Il.; also, εὖ or κακῶς ἔρδειν τινά Theogn., etc.; simply, ἔρδ. τινά to do one harm, Soph.; ἔρδ. πήματα to work mischief, Aesch.; ἔρδοι τις ἣν ἕκαςτος εἰδείη τέχνην let each man practise the art he knows, Ar.
2. to make or offer a sacrifice (v. r(e/zw), Hom., Hdt.:— absol., like Lat. facere, operari, Hes.
1. a day-labourer, hired servant of any sort; in Il., ἔριθοι are mowers or reapers: later, ἔριθοι, αἱ, spinsters, workers in wool, Dem., Theocr.
1. wool, in sg. and pl., Hom., attic:— εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου cotton (Germ. Baumwolle, tree-wool), Hdt.
1. a cause of quarrel, Il.
1. a young goat, kid, Hom.
2. ἔριφοι, οἱ, Lat. hoedi, a constellation (rising in Oct.) which brought storms, Theocr.
1. a young sprout, shoot, scion, Hom.; ἀνέδραμεν ἔρνεϊ ἶςος shot up like a young plant, Il.
2. metaph. of a child, a scion, Trag.
1. to ask, enquire, Od., Thuc.
2. c. acc. objecti, to learn by enquiry, Od.: to ask after or for, Il.
3. c. acc. pers. to enquire of, question, id=Il., Hdt.,
4. c. dupl. acc. to ask one about a thing, Od.
1. dew, Lat. ros, Hom., etc.:—in pl. rain-drops, Il.
2. metaph. of young and tender animals, Od.; cf. δρόςος.
1. a fence, guard, ἔρυμα χροός, of defensive armour, Il., Xen.; τὸ ἔρ. τοῦ τείχεος the defence given by it, Hdt.: absol. a bulwark, breastwork, Thuc.
2. a safeguard, of the Areopagus, Aesch.; παῖδας ἔρ. δώμαςι Eur.
1. to come or go, Hom., etc.
2. to come or go back, return, Od.; in full, αὖτις, ἄψ, πάλιν ἐλθεῖν id=Od.
3. c. acc. cogn., ὁδόν or κέλευθον ἐλθεῖν to go a journey, Hom., Aesch.; ἀγγελίην ἐλθεῖν to go a message, Il.
4. c. gen. loci, πεδίοιο ἐλθεῖν over or across the plain, id=Il.
5. c. part. fut., to denote the object, ἔρχομαι οἰςόμενος I go to fetch, id=Il.; μαρτυρήςων ἦλθον Aesch., etc.:—like an auxiliary Verb, ἔρχομαι λέξων I am going to tell, I intend to say (as in French je vais dire), Hdt.
6. the aor. part. ἐλθών is often added to another Verb, κάθηρον ἐλθών come and cleanse, Il., etc.
7. Post-Homeric phrases:
8. εἰς λόγους ἔρχεςθαί τινι to come to speech with, Hdt., Soph.
9. εἰς χεῖρας, so, ἐς μάχην ἐλθεῖν τινι to come to blows with one, Aesch., Hdt.
10. ἐπὶ μεῖζον ἔρχ. to increase, Soph.; εἰς πᾶν ἐλθεῖν to try everything, Xen.
11. ἐς τὸ δεινόν, ἐς τὰ ἀλγεινὰ ἐλθεῖν to come into danger, etc., Thuc., etc.
12. παρὰ μικρὸν ἐλθεῖν, c. inf. to come within a little of, be near a thing, Eur.; παρὰ τοςοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου so narrow was her escape, Thuc.
13. with διά and gen., periphr. for a Verb, διὰ μάχης τινὶ ἔρχεςθαι, for μάχεςθαί τινι, Eur., etc.
1. love, Trag.:— love of a thing, desire for it, τινός Hdt., Aesch., etc.:—in pl. loves, amours, Eur.; in Soph., of passionate joy, cf. φρίςςω II. 3.
2. as prop. n. the god of love, Eros, Amor, id=Soph., Eur.
1. good of his kind, good, brave, Hom., esp. in Il.;—also, rich, wealthy, Hes.: noble, opp. to κακός (v. a)gaqo/s 1), εἴτ̆ εὐγενὴς πέφυκας εἴτ̆ ἐςθλῶν κακή Soph.
2. of things, Hom., etc.
3. good, fortunate, lucky, Od., Trag.
4. as Subst., ἐςθλά, τά, goods, Od.:—but ἐςθλόν, good luck, Hom.
5. ἐςθλόν [ἐςτι], c. inf. it is good, expedient to do, Il.
1. to eat, Hom.: to eat up, consume one's substance, id=Hom.
1. ἔςπετε νῦν μοι, Μοῦςαι tell me now, ye Muses, Il.
1. outermost
2. of Space, as always in Hom. the furthest, uttermost, extreme, id=Hom., Hdt., attic; ἔςχατοι ἄλλων, of the Thracians who were the last in the Trojan lines, Il.; ἔςχατοι ἀνδρῶν, of the Aethiopians, Od.: ἔςχατα, τά, extremities, ἐςχ. γαίης Hes.; τὰ ἔςχ. τοῦ ςτρατοπέδου Thuc.
3. the furthest in each direction.
4. the uppermost, Soph.
5. lowest, deepest, Lat. imus, ἀί̈δας Theocr.
6. innermost, Lat. intimus, Soph.
7. the last, hindmost, id=Soph.
8. of Degree, the uttermost, utmost, last, worst, πόνος, κίνδυνος Plat.:—as Subst., τὸ ἔςχατον, τὰ ἔςχατα, the utmost, Hdt.; of suffering, pain, etc., id=Hdt., attic; ἐπ̆ ἔςχατα βαίνεις Soph.; ἔςχατ̆ ἐςχάτων κακά worst of possible evils, id=Soph.; so in Sup., τὰ πάντων ἐςχατώτατα the extremest of all, Xen.
9. of Time, last, ἐς τὸ ἔςχ. to the end, Hdt., Thuc.; ἐςχάτας ὑπὲρ ῥίζας over the last scion of the race, Soph.: —neut. ἔςχατον as adv., for the last time, id=Soph.
10. adv. -tws, to the uttermost, exceedingly, Xen.:—so, ἐς τὸ ἔςχ. Hdt., Xen.
1. comp., ἐςωτέρω τῆς Ἑλλάδος to the interior of Greece, Hdt.
1. the ἔται were clansmen, i. e. the kinsmen of a great house, cousins, παῖδές τε καςίγνητοί τε ἔται τε Hom.; ἔται καὶ ἀνεψιοί Il.
2. later, = dhmo/ths, a townsman, neighbour, Thuc.:—in sg. a private citizen, Aesch.
3. for ὦ τάν or ὦ ̆τάν, v. sub τάν.
1. of Time,
2. of the Present, yet, as yet, still, Lat. adhuc, Il., attic; cf. οὐκέτι.
3. of the Past, mostly with imperf., ἀήθεςςον γὰρ ἔτι they were yet unaccustomed, Il.; προορωμένοις ἔτι Thuc.
4. of the Future, yet, further, ἄλγε̆ ἔδωκεν, ἠδ̆ ἔτι δώςει Il.:—also hereafter, Aesch., Soph.
5. of Degree, yet, still, besides, further, moreover, Lat. praeterea, insuper, Hom., etc.; ἔτι δέ and besides, nay more, Thuc.
6. often to strengthen a comp., ἔτι μᾶλλον yet more, Il.; μᾶλλον ἔτι Od.; ἔτι πλέον Hdt., etc.
7. with the posit., ἔτι ἄνω yet higher up, Xen.
1. a year, Hom., etc.; τῶν προτέρων ἐτέων in bygone years, Il.; ἑκάςτου ἔτους every year, Plat.; ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος Anth.; ἀνὰ πέντε ἔτεα every five years, Hdt.; δῐ ἔτους πέμπτου every fifth year, Ar.; κατὰ ἔτος every year, Thuc.; ἔτος εἰς ἔτος year after year, Soph.; in acc., ἔτος τόδ̆ ἤδη δέκατον now for these ten years, id=Soph.
1. true, real, actual, ψεύςομαι ἢ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; shall I lie or speak truth? Hom.; οἵ ῥ̆ ἔτυμα κραίνουςι those [dreams] have true issues, Od.; ἔτ. ἄγγελος, φήμη Aesch., Eur.
2. neut. ἔτυμον as adv., like ἐτεόν, truly, really, Hom.; also pl., ἔτυμα Anth.; the regular adv. -mws, Aesch., etc.
1. on the sea, of seaports, Il., Soph.
1. most hated, most hateful, Il., Trag.
2. most hostile, Thuc.; c. gen., as if a Subst., οἱ ἐκείνου ἔχθ. his bitterest enemies, Xen.
1. hate, hatred, Hom., etc.; ἔχθος τινός hatred for one, Hdt., Thuc.; ἐς ἔχθος ἀπικέςθαι τινί to incur his hatred or enmity, Hdt.; εἰς ἔχθος ἐλθεῖν τινί Eur.
2. of persons, ὦ πλεῖςτον ἔχθος object of direst hate, Aesch.
1. that which holds; and so,
2. a hindrance, obstacle, Il.
3. c. gen. a bulwark, defence against a thing, c. gen., Hhymn.
4. a hold-fast, stay, ἔχματα πέτρης bands of rock, Il.; ἔχματα πύργων stays of the towers, id=Il.; ἔχματα νηῶν props for the ships, to keep them upright, id=Il.
1. Lat. se, v. sub οὗ, sui.
1. seventh, Lat. septimus, Hom., etc.; ἡ ἑβδόμη the seventh day, Hdt.
1. mostly in pl. ἕδνα, epic ἔεδνα, a wedding-gift, presented by the suitor to the bride or her parents (φερνή being the bride's portion), Hom., Aesch.
2. of wedding-gifts made to the bride by those of her own household, Od., Eur.
1. a sitting-place:
2. a seat, chair, stool, bench, Il.
3. a seat, abode, dwelling place, Hom., etc.:— a temple, Plat., Xen., etc.
4. a foundation, base, Hes., Anth.
5. the act of sitting, οὐχ ἕδος ἐςτί 'tis no time to sit still, Il.
1. a sitting-place:
2. a seat, chair, stool, bench, Hom.: a seat of honour, Il., Xen.
3. a seat, of the gods, a sanctuary, temple, Pind., Trag.
4. the seat or place of anything, Hdt.; ἐξ ἕδρας out of its right place, Eur.:— a foundation, base, Plut.
5. ἡ ἕδρα τοῦ ἵππου the back of the horse, on which the rider sits, Xen.
6. ἕδραι are the quarters of the sky in which omens appear, Aesch., Eur.
7. a sitting, Aesch., Soph.: of a position, γονυπετεῖς ἕδραι kneeling, Eur.
8. a sitting still, inactivity, delay, Hdt., Thuc.; οὐχ ἕδρας ἀκμή 'tis not the season for sitting still, Soph.
9. the sitting of a council, id=Soph.
10. the seat, breech, fundament, Hdt.
1. to seat oneself, sit, ἐν λέκτρωι, ἐπὶ δίφρωι, κατὰ κλιςμούς Hom.; ἐπὶ χθονὶ ἑζέςθην they sank to the earth, of a pair of scales, Il.:—cf καθέζομαι.
2. there is no act. pres., ἕζω, to set, place; though, as if from it, we have trans. tenses εἷςα, mid. εἱςάμην, fut. mid. εἵςομαι, perf. pass. εἷμαι; v. ei(=sa.
1. from afar, Il.; c. gen., ἕκαθεν πόλιος id=Il.
2. = e(ka/s, far off, far away, Od.
1. every, every one, each, each one, Lat. quisque, Hom., etc.; the sg. is often joined with a pl. Verb, ἔβαν οἴκονδε ἕκαςτος they went home every one of them, Il.; ἕκαςτος ἐπίςταςθε Xen.:—the sg. is also put in apposition with a pl. Noun, Τρῶας ἕκαςτον ὑπήλυθε τρόμος (for Τρώων ἕκαςτον) fear seized them every one, Il.
2. in pl. all and each one, Hom.
3. more definitely, εἷς ἕκαςτος, Lat. unusquisque, every single one, Hdt., etc.:— καθ̆ ἕκαςτον singly, by itself, Lat. singulatim, Plat., etc.
4. ὡς ἕκαςτοι each by himself, Hdt., etc.
1. far-shooting, epith. of Apollo, Il.
1. at rest, at one's ease, Lat. securus, of persons enjoying themselves, Hom.; ἕκηλοι ςυλήςετε ye will plunder them at your ease, i. e. without let or hindrance, Il.; ἕκ. εὕδειν Soph.; neut. as adv., id=Soph.
1. sixth, Lat. sextus, Hom., etc.
1. anything which assumes a spiral shape:
2. an armlet or ear-ring, Il.
3. a twist, whirl, convolution, ἕλικες ςτεροπῆς flashes of forked lightning, Aesch.
4. the tendril of the vine, Eur.: of ivy, id=Eur.
5. a curl or lock of hair, Anth.
6. the coil or spire of a serpent, Eur.
1. a wound, Il., attic
2. a festering wound, ἕλκος ὕδρου the festering bite of a serpent, Il.: of plague-ulcers, Thuc.
3. metaph. a wound, loss, Aesch., Soph.
1. to draw, drag, Lat. traho, with a notion of force, ποδὸς ἕλκε began to drag [the dead body] by the foot, Il.; to draw ships down to the sea, Od.; of mules, to draw a chariot, id=Od.; to draw the plough through the field, id=Od.
2. to draw after one, Il.; πέδας ἕλκ. to trail fetters after one, Hdt.
3. to tear in pieces, id=Hdt., Eur.:—Mid., ἕλκεςθαι χαίτας to tear one's hair, Il.
4. to draw a bow, Hom., etc.
5. to draw a sword, Soph.; and in Mid., to draw one's sword, Il.
6. ἕλκ. ἱςτία to hoist or haul up the sails, Od.
7. to hold up scales, so as to poise or balance them, Il.
8. after Hom., in many ways:
9. to pull an oar, Hdt.
10. to drag into court, Ar.: to drag about, esp. with lewd violence, Dem., etc.
11. to draw or suck up, Hdt.: of persons drinking, to drink in long draughts, quaff, Eur., etc.; ἑλκ. μαςτόν to suck the breast, id=Eur.
12. ἕλκ. βίοτον, ζόην to drag out a weary life, id=Eur.: to drag on, prolong tediously, Hdt.: κόρδακα ἑλκύςαι to dance in long, measured steps, Ar.
13. to draw to oneself, attract, Hdt., etc.
14. ἕλκ. ςταθμόν to draw down the balance, i. e. to weigh so much, id=Hdt.; absol., τὸ δ̆ ἂν ἑλκύςηι whatever it weigh, id=Hdt.
15. ἑλκύςαι πλίνθους, like Lat. ducere, to make bricks, id=Hdt.
16. Mid. to draw to oneself, amass riches, Theogn.
1. low ground by rivers, a marsh-meadow, Hom., Hdt., etc.
1. booty, spoil, prey, of unburied corpses, Hom.
2. in pl., Πατρόκλοιο ἕλωρα penalty for the slaughter of Patroclus, Il.
1. eleven, Lat. undecim, Hom., etc.
2. at Athens, οἱ ἕνδεκα, the Eleven, the Police-commissioners, who had charge of the prisons, and the punishment of criminals, Ar., etc.
1. prep. with gen., mostly after its case, Il., etc.: on account of, for the sake of, because of, for, Lat. gratia, id=Il., etc.
2. as far as regards, as for, ἐμοῦ γε ἕνεκα as far as depends on me, Ar.; εἵνεκέν γε χρημάτων Hdt., etc.
3. pleon., ἀμφὶ ςοὔνεκα Soph.; ὅςον ἀπὸ βοῆς ἕνεκα as far as shouting went, Thuc.
4. as Conjunct., for οὕνεκα, because, Hhymn.
1. to put clothes on another, c. dupl. acc., κεῖνός ςε χλαῖνάν τε χιτῶνά τε ἕςςει he will clothe thee in cloak and frock, Od.
2. Mid. and Pass., c. acc. rei, to clothe oneself in, to be clad in, put on, to wear, Hom.; ἀςπίδας ἑςςάμενοι, of tall shields which covered the whole person, Il.; [ξυςτὰ] εἱμένα χαλκῶι shafts clad with brass, id=Il.; and by a strong metaph., λάϊνον ἕςςο χιτῶνα thou hadst been clad in coat of stone, i. e. stoned by the people, id=Il.:—metaph. also, φρεςὶ εἱμένοι ἀλκήν id=Il.
1. six, Hom., etc.—In composition, before δ κ π, it becomes ἑκ, as ἕκδραχμος, ἑκκαίδεκα, ἕκπλεθρος; or has α inserted, as ἑξάκλινος, etc.
1. a fence, hedge, wall, Hom.; esp. round the court-yards of houses, Od.:— also the place enclosed, the court-yard, Hom.; Κίςςινον ἕρκος, i. e. Susa, Aesch.; γαίας ἕρκος a fenced city, Eur.; ἕρκος ἱρόν, i. e. the altar, Soph.; ἕρκος ὀδόντων the ring or wall which the teeth make round the gums, i. e. the teeth, Hom.; ςφραγῖδος ἕρκος, i. e. a seal, Soph.
2. metaph. any fence, ἕρκος ἀκόντων a defence against javelins, Il.; ἕρκος βελέων id=Il.:—of persons, ἕρκος Ἀχαιῶν, of Ajax, ἕρκος Ἀχαιοῖςιν πολέμοιο, of Achilles, id=Il.
3. a net, toils, snare for birds, Od.; mostly in pl., Ar.:—metaph., τῆς Δίκης ἐν ἕρκεςιν Aesch.
1. earrings, Hom.
1. to creep, crawl, Lat. serpo, repo, and generally to move slowly, walk, Hom., Trag.:—also simply, to go or come, id=Trag.
2. variously, of a tear, to steal from the eye, Soph.; of reports, to creep on, spread, like Lat. serpit rumor, id=Soph.; ὁ πόλεμος ἑρπέτω let it take its course, Ar.; of calamities, Soph.
1. of or at evening, ἕ. ἀςτήρ the evening star, Il.; as Subst., without ἀςτήρ, Hesperus, esp. of the planet Venus, Eur., Bion.; but, ἕςπ. θεός the god of darkness, i. e. Hades, death, Soph.
2. as Subst. evening (v. e(spe/ra), ἐπὶ ἕςπερος ἦλθε Od.; ποτὶ ἕςπερον at eventide, Hes.; also heterog. pl., ποτὶ ἕςπερα Od.
3. western, Aesch., Soph.
1. a peg at the end of the pole, passing through the yoke and having a ring (κρίκος) affixed, Il.
1. Lat. alter, the other, one of two, χειρὶ ἑτέρῃ Hom., v. infr. IV; χωλὸς ἕτερον πόδα, etc.:—then of all persons or things of which there are two, Lat. alteruter, Il.; τὴν ἑτ. πύλην one of the two gates, Hdt.; δυοῖν ἀγαθοῖν τὸ ἕτ. Thuc., etc.:—in pl. one of two parties, each of which is pl., Lat. alterutri, Hom.
2. in double clauses, ἕτερος (in Prose ὁ ἕτερος) is repeated, ἕτερον μὲν ἔδωκε, ἕτερον δ̆ ἀνένευςε Il., etc.
3. often repeated in the same clause, ἐξ ἑτέρων ἕτερ̆ ἐςτίν one depends upon the other, Od.; ἕτεροι ἑτέρων ἄρχουςι the one rule the other, Thuc.
4. like Lat. alter, = deu/teros, second, ἡ μὲν . . , ἡ δ̆ ἑτέρη . . , ἡ δὲ τρίτη . . , Od., etc.; ἡ ἑτέρα (sc. ἡμέρα), the second day, i. e. day after to-morrow, Xen.:—so with Pronouns of quantity, ἕτερον τοςοῦτο another of the same size, Hdt.
5. put loosely for ἄλλος, Lat. alius, another, Hom., attic
6. other than usual, different, Od., etc.; ἕτ. καὶ οὐχ ὁ αὐτός Dem.:—c. gen. other than, different from, ἑτέρους τῶν νῦν ὄντων Thuc.; so, ἕτερον ἢ . . , Eur.
7. other than should be, other than good, euphem. for κακός, as Lat. sequior for malus, ἀγαθὰ ἢ θάτερα Dem.; and alone, ἑτ. θυςία Aesch., etc.
8. Special Phrases:
9. elliptical, τῇ ἑτέρᾳ (sc. χειρί), epic τῇ ἑτέρῃ or ἑτέρῃφι with one hand, Il.; esp. with the left hand, Hom.
10. (sub. ἡμέρᾳ) on the next day, Soph., Xen.
11. (sub. ὁδῷ) 2n another or a different way, Soph., Ar.
12. Adverbial with Preps.,
13. ἐπὶ θάτερα to or on the other side, Thuc., etc.
14. κατὰ θάτερα on the one or other side, Dem.
15. adv.
1. from morn, i. e. at earliest dawn, early in the morning, Plat.; ἕ. εὐθύς Ar.
2. αὔριον ἕ. to-morrow early, Xen.; so ἕωθεν alone, Ar.
1. until, till, Lat. donec, dum, Hom.:—in Hom. sometimes used = te/ws, for a time:—to express a fact, ἕως is foll. by Ind., εἷος φίλον ὤλεςε θυμόν Il.; when the event is uncertain, by the opt., ἕως ὅ γε μιγείη till he should reach, Od.
2. ἕως ἄν or κε with Subj., relating to an uncertain event in future time, μαχήςομαι, εἵως κε κιχείω till I find, Il.
3. while, so long as, εἵως πολεμίζομεν Od.; ἕως ἔτι ἐλπίς [ἦν] Thuc.
4. as adv., Lat. usque, mostly with Advs. of Time, ἕως ὅτε, Lat. usque dum, till the time when, Xen.; so, ἕως οὗ Hdt.; ἕως ὀψέ till late, Thuc.:—c. gen., ἕως τοῦ ἀποτῖςαι till he made payment, ap. Aeschin.
1. the Earth-shaker, name of Poseidon, Hom.
1. Earth-shaker, of Poseidon, Hom.
1. the Warlike, name of Ares (Mars), Il., Soph., etc.
2. as appellat. war, battle, Eur.
3. as adj. warlike, furious, Theocr.
1. Enyo, goddess of war, answering to the Roman Bellona, Il., Aesch.
1. an ancient hero of Attica, the render (from e)re/xqw).
1. the Erinys or Fury, an avenging deity, in sg. and pl., Hom., Trag.:—the number Three first in Eur.; the names Tisiphone, Megaera, Alecto only in late writers. At Athens they were called Εὐμενίδες, Σεμναί.
2. as appellat., μητρὸς Ἐρινύες curses from one's mother, Hom.; but Ἐρινῦς πατρός the blood-guiltiness of his sire, Hes.; φρενῶν Ἐρινύς distraction, Soph.:—in Trag. persons sent to be curses to men are called Ἐρινύες.
1. Ephyra, old name of Corinth, Il.
1. the islands in the Ionian sea, Il., Eur., etc.; commonly called Ἐχινάδες.
1. the far-working: of Apollo, the far-shooting, far-darting, like ἑκηβόλος, Hom.
1. Hellas, a city of Thessaly, founded by Hellen, Il.
2. that part of Thessaly in which the Myrmidons dwelt, also called Phthiotis, Hom.
3. Northern Greece, as opp. to Peloponnesus, Od.
4. later, the name for Greece, from the South to Epirus and Thessaly inclusively, Hes., Hdt., etc.
5. as adj. with a fem. Subst. Hellenic, Greek, id=Hdt., etc.
1. the Hellespont or sea of Helle (daughter of Athamas, who was drowned therein), now the Dardanelles, Hom., Hdt., etc.
1. Hermes, the Lat. Mercurius, son of Maia and Zeus; messenger of the gods (διάκτορος); giver of good luck (ἐριούνιος, ἀκάκητα); god of all secret dealings, cunning, and stratagem (δόλιος); bearing a golden rod (χρυςόρραπις); conductor of defunct spirits (ψυχοπομπός, πομπαῖος); tutelary god of all arts, of traffic, markets, roads (ἀγοραῖος, ἐμπολαῖος, ὅδιος, ἐνόδιος), and of heralds. His bust, mounted on a four-cornered pillar, was used to mark boundaries. —Proverb., κοινὸς Ἑρμῆς shares in your luck! Theophr.: cf. ἕρμαιον.
1. bringer of morn, Lat. Lucifer, the Morning-star.
1. Hellen, son of Deucalion, Hes.
2. the Ἕλληνες of Hom. are the Thessalian tribe of which Hellen was the reputed chief (cf. Ἑλλάς 1), Il.
3. later, Ἕλληνες was the regul. name for Greeks, opp. to βάρβαροι, Hdt., etc.
4. later still, of Gentiles, Opp. to Jews, NTest.
5. as adj. = *(ellhniko/s, Thuc., etc.:—even with a fem. Subst., Aesch., Eur.
1. early, with early morn, Il.
2. in the air, high in air, Anth.
1. a youth just come to manhood, but not yet married, παρθένος ἠίθεός τε Hom.; χοροὺς παρθένων τε καὶ ἠιθέων Hdt.
2. rare as fem., ἠιθέη ͂ παρθένος.
1. little, small, poor, slight, with negat. οὐδέ, οὔ οἱ ἔνι φρένες, οὐδ̆ ἠβαιαί no sense is in him, no not the least, Hom.; οὔ οἱ ἔνι τρίχες, οὐδ̆ ἠβαιαί no not even a few, Od.:—neut. as adv., οὐδ̆ ἠβαιόν not in the least, not at all, Lat. ne tantillum quidem, Hom.; rarely without a negat., ἠβαιὸν ἀπὸ ςπείους a little from the cave, Od.
1. very divine, most holy, Hom.
1. epic form of ἀγείρομαι (Pass.) to gather together, assemble, Hom.
1. and, properly correlative to ἠ-μέν v. sub ἠμέν:— but, often without ἠμέν, just like καί, and, Il.:— ἠδὲ καί conjoined and also, Hom.
1. to hang floating or waving in the air, Il.:—metaph., ὁπλοτέρων ἀνδρῶν φρένες ἠερέθονται young men's minds turn with every wind, id=Il.
1. of dark and cloudy look, cloud-streaked, of the sea, Od.: generally, dark, murky, id=Od.:—neut. as adv., in the far distance, dimly, ὅςςον τ̆ ἠεροειδὲς ἀνὴρ ἴδεν Il.
1. walking in darkness, Il.
1. hazy, murky, Il.; ἠερόεντα κέλευθα the murky road (i. e. death), Od.
1. sounding through air, loud-voiced, Il.
1. trusty, honoured, ἠθεῖε sir, Il.; ἠθείη κεφαλή id=Il.; ἀλλά μιν ἠθεῖον καλέω I will call him my honoured lord, Od.
1. with banks, high-banked, Il.
1. a sea-bank, shore, beach, Hdt., etc.; a river-bank, Aesch.
1. to wander, stray, roam about, Il.
1. the beaming sun, Il.; as adj., ἠλέκτωρ Ὑπερίων beaming Hyperion, id=Il.
1. high, steep, precipitous, epith. of rocky crags, Hom., Hes., etc.; of the throne of Zeus, Ar.
2. in Od. 9. 243 ἠλίβατος πέτρη, it seems to mean enormous, huge.
3. = Lat. altus, deep, profound, Hes., Eur.
1. a distaff, Lat. colus, on which the wool is put, Hom., etc.; ἡ ἠλ. τοῦ ἀτράκτου the stalk of the spindle, Plat.
1. lengthd. form of ἠλάςκω, Il.
2. c. acc. to flee from, shun, Od.
1. astray, distraught, crazed, Od.; also in apocop. form ἠλέ, Il.: ἠλεά as adv. foolishly, Anth.
2. act. distracting, crazing, οἶνος Od.
1. missing the right month, i. e. untimely born, Il.
1. by day, Od.
2. day by day, daily, Il.
1. epic Conjunction, correlative to ἠ-δέ, as well .. , as also . . , Lat. et . . , et . . , but sometimes disjunctive, like Lat. vel . . , vel . . , Hom.
1. I say, Lat. inquam, used to repeat something with emphasis, παῖ ἠμί, παῖ boy I say, boy! Ar.:—imperf. ἦν, 3rd sg. ἦ, καὶ ςχέθε χεῖρα he spake and held his hand, Il.; in attic, ἦν δ̆ ἐγώ said I, Plat.; ἦ δ̆ ὅς said he, Ar., Plat.
1. sandy, Hom.
1. to bow down, sink, drop, ἑτέρως̆ ἤμυςε κάρη his head dropped to one side, Il.; ἤμυςε καρήατι bowed with his head, of a horse, id=Il.; of a cornfield, ἐπὶ δ̆ ἠμύει ἀςταχύεςςι it bows or waves with its ears, id=Il.: metaph. of cities, to nod to their fall, totter, id=Il.
1. windy, airy, Hom., etc.
2. of motion, rapid, rushing, Aesch.
1. weakly, infirm, halting, Hom.
2. c. gen. void of a thing, Anth.
1. a cheat, deceiver, cozener, Od., Anth.
1. to cheat, cajole, deceive, cozen, Hom.
1. soothing by gifts, bountiful, Il.
1. calling, crying, ἠπύτα κῆρυξ the loud-voiced herald, Il.
1. to call to, call on, call, Od., Aesch., etc.:—c. dupl. acc., τί με τόδε χρέος ἀπύεις; why callest thou on me for this? Eur.
2. absol. to call out, shout, Od.; of the wind, to roar, Il.; of the lyre, to sound, Od.
3. to utter, speak, πατρὸς ὄνομ̆ ἀπύεις Aesch.; τί ποτ̆ ἀπύςω; Eur.
1. a mound, barrow, tomb, Il., Theocr.
1. early-born, child of morn, epith. of hώς, Hom.; also absol., = *)hw/s, Morn, Od.; ἠριγενείας at morn, Theocr.
1. a sound or noise of any sort, Hom., attic; of the confused noise of a crowd, the roar of the sea, the groaning of trees in a wind, Il., etc.:—in Trag., like ἰαχή, a cry of sorrow, wail; but, ςάλπιγγος ἠχή Eur.:—rarely of articulate sounds, id=Eur.
1. sounding, ringing, roaring, Hom.
1. as, like as, Il., etc.; often in Hom. in similes for ὡς ὅτε.
2. in Il. 4. 277 after a comp., μελάντερον ἠύτε πίςςα very black, like as pitch, or = h)/, blacker than pitch.
1. the morning red, daybreak, dawn, Hom., Hdt., etc.:— morning as a time of day, opp. to μέςον ἦμαρ and δείλη, Il.; gen. ἠοῦς at morn, early, id=Il.; ἠῶ the morning long, Od.:— ἐξ ἠοῦς μέχρι δείλης ὀψίης Hdt.:— ἅμα ἠοῖ at daybreak, id=Hdt.; ἅμ̆ ἕῳ or ἅμα τῇ ἕῳ Thuc.; epic ἠῶθι πρό Hom.; ἐς ἀῶ to-morrow, Theocr.
2. since the Greeks counted their days by mornings, ἠώς often denoted a day, Hom.
3. the East, id=Hom.; ἀπὸ ἠοῦς πρὸς ἑςπέρην Hdt., etc.
4. as prop. n. hώς, Aurora, the goddess of morn, who rises out of her ocean-bed, Il., Eur.
1. from morn, i. e. at dawn, at break of day, Hom., etc.; this morning, Od.
1. to be at man's estate, to be in the prime of youth, ἀνὴρ οὐδὲ μάλ̆ ἡβῶν not even in the prime and pride of life, Hom.; γυνὴ τέτορ̆ ἡβώωςα (sc. ἔτη) i. e. being four years past puberty, Hes.; ἡβῶν when I was young, Ar.; οἱ ἡβῶντες the young, id=Ar.:—of plants, ἡμερὶς ἡβώωςα a young luxuriant vine, Od.
2. metaph. to be young, ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡβᾶι τοῖς γέρουςιν εὖ μαθεῖν learning is young even for the old, i. e. 'tis never too late to learn, Aesch.; ἡβᾶι δῆμος the people is like a young man, Eur.
1. Dep. to go before, lead the way, Hom., etc.:—c. dat. pers. to lead the way for him, guide, conduct, id=Hom.:—also, ὁδὸν ἡγήςαςθαι to go before on the way, Lat. praeire viam, Od.
2. c. dat. pers. et gen. rei, to be one's leader in a thing, ἀοιδὸς ἡμῖν ἡγείςθω ὀρχηθμοῖο id=Od.; ἡγ. τινι ςοφίας, ὠιδῆς Pind., etc.:—and c. gen. rei only, ἡγ. νόμων to lead the song, id=Pind., etc.
3. c. acc. rei, to lead, conduct, τὰς πομπάς Dem., etc.
4. to lead an army or fleet, c. dat., Hom., etc.:—c. gen. to be the leader or commander of, id=Hom.
5. absol., οἱ ἡγούμενοι the rulers, Soph.; ἡγούμενοι ἐν τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς leading men, NTest.
6. to suppose, believe, hold, Lat. ducere, Hdt., etc.; ἡγ. τι εἶναι id=Hdt.
7. with an attributive word added, ἡγ. τινα βαςιλέα to hold or regard as king, id=Hdt.; ἡγ. τι περὶ πολλοῦ id=Hdt.; περὶ πλείςτου Thuc.
8. ἡγ. θεούς to believe in gods, Eur., etc.; cf. νομίζω II.
9. ἡγοῦμαι δεῖν, to think it fit, deem it necessary to do, c. inf., Dem.; without δεῖν, παθεῖν μᾶλλον ἡγηςάμενοι ἤ . . Thuc.
10. the perf. is used in pass. sense, τὰ ἁγημένα ͂ τὰ νομιζόμενα, ap. Dem.
1. a leader, commander, chief, Il.
1. to be or act as ἡγεμών, to go before, lead the way, Hom.; ὁδὸν ἡγ. Od.; c. dat. pers. to lead the way for him, ῥόον ὕδατι ἡγεμόνευεν made a course for the water, Il.
2. to lead in war, to rule, command, c. dat., id=Il.; elsewhere, like most Verbs of ruling, c. gen., id=Il., Hdt., etc.:—absol. to have or take the command, Hdt., Plat.:—Pass. to be ruled, Thuc.; to be governor, τῆς Συρίας NTest.
1. one who leads, Lat. dux: and so,
2. in Od., a guide to shew the way, so Hdt., etc.; ἡγ. γενέςθαι τινὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ id=Hdt.
3. one who is an authority to others, Lat. dux, auctor, τοῖς νεωτέροις ἡγ. ἠθῶν γίγνεςθαι Plat.; ἡγεμόνα εἶναί τινος to be the cause of a thing, Xen., etc.
4. in Il., a leader, commander, chief, ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν, φυλάκων, Il., etc.; ἔχοντες ἡγεμόνας τῶν πάνυ ςτρατηγῶν having some of the best generals as commanders, Thuc.: a chief, sovereign, Pind., Soph., etc.
5. = Rom. Emperor, Plut.: also a provincial governor, NTest.
1. sweet-speaking, Il., etc.: sweet-sounding, Pind.:—poet. fem. ἡδυέπεια, Hes.
1. sweet to the taste or smell, Hom.; to the hearing, id=Hom.; then of any pleasant feeling or state, as sleep, id=Hom.:—c. inf., ἡδὺς δρακεῖν Aesch.; ἡδὺς ἀκοῦςαι λόγος Plat.:— ἡδύ ἐςτι or γίγνεται it is pleasant, Hom., etc.:—so, οὔ μοι ἥδιόν ἐςτι λέγειν I had rather not say, Hdt.:—neut. as Subst., τὰ ἡδέα pleasures, Thuc.:—neut. as adv., sweetly, Il., etc.
2. after Hom., of persons, pleasant, welcome, Soph.
3. well-pleased, glad, id=Soph., Dem.; in addressing a person, ὦ ἥδιςτε, Horace's dulcissime rerum, Plat.
4. like εὐήθης, innocent, simple, ὡς ἡδὺς εἶ id=Plat.
5. adv. h(de/ws, sweetly, pleasantly, with pleasure, Soph., Eur., etc.; ἡδέως ἂν ἐροίμην I would gladly ask, should like to ask, Dem.;— ἡδ. ἔχειν τι to be pleased or content with, Eur.; ἡδ. ἔχειν πρός τινα or τινί to be kind, well-disposed to one, Dem.:— comp. ἥδιον Plat., etc.:—Sup., ἥδιςτα id=Plat.
1. time of life, age, Lat. aetas, Il.;—acc. used absol. in age, νέος ἡλικίην Hdt.; so in dat., ἡλικίᾳ ὢν νέος Thuc.; πόρρω τῆς ἡλ. advanced in years, Plat.
2. mostly, the flower or prime of life from about 17 to 45, man's estate, manhood, ἐν ἁλικίᾳ πρώτᾳ Pind.; ἐν ἡλικίᾳ εἶναι to be of age, Plat., etc.; so, ἡλικίαν ἔχειν, εἰς ἡλ. ἐλθεῖν id=Plat.; ἡλικίαν ἔχειν, c. inf., to be of fit age for doing, Hdt.; οἱ ἐν ἡλικίᾳ men of serviceable age, Thuc.
3. youthful heat and passion, ἡλικίῃ ἐπιτρέπειν Hdt.
4. as collective Noun, = oi( h(/likes, those of the same age, fellows, comrades, Il., Thuc.
5. time, ταῦτα ἡλικίην ἂν εἴη κατὰ Λάϊον about the time of Laius, Hdt.
6. an age, generation, Lat. saeculum, Dem., etc.
7. of the body, stature, growth, as a sign of age, Hdt., Plat.
1. day, Hom., etc.:—phrases for day-break, ἅμα ἡμέρᾳ or ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ Xen.; ἡμ. διαλάμπει or ἐκλάμπει Ar.; ἡμ. ὑποφαίνεται Xen.; γίγνεται or ἐςτὶ πρὸς ἡμέραν id=Xen.
2. with Adjs. to describe a state or time of life, ἐπίπονος ἡμ. a life of misery, Soph.; λυπρὰν ἄγειν ἡμ. Eur.; αἱ μακραὶ ἡμέραι length of days, Soph.; νέα ἡμ. youth, Eur.
3. poet. for time, ἡμ. κλίνει τε κἀνάγει πάλιν ἅπαντα τἀνθρώπεια Soph.
4. absol. usages,
5. in gen., τριῶν ἡμερέων within three days, Hdt.; ἡμερῶν ὀλίγων within a few days, Thuc.: —also, ἡμέρας by day, Plat.; δὶς τῆς ἡμέρης ἑκάςτης twice every day, Hdt.
6. in dat., τῇδε τῇ ἡμέρᾳ on this day, Soph.; so, τῇδ̆ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ id=Soph.
7. in acc., πᾶςαν ἡμ. all day, Hdt.; τρίτην ἡμ. ἥκων three days after one's arrival, Thuc.; τὰς ἡμέρας in daytime Xen.
8. with Preps., ἀνὰ πᾶςαν ἡμ. every day, Hdt.:— δῐ ἡμέρης, attic -ρας, the whole day long, id=Hdt.; διὰ τρίτης ἡμ. every third day, Lat. tertio quoque die, id=Hdt.; δῐ ἡμ. πολλῶν at a distance of many days, Thuc.: — ἐξ ἡμέρας by day, Soph.:— ἐφ̆ ἡμέραν sufficient for the day, Hdt., etc.; but, τοὐφ̆ ἡμέραν day by day, Eur.:— καθ̆ ἡμέραν by day, Aesch.; but commonly day by day, daily, Soph., etc.; τὸ καθ̆ ἡμ., absol., every day, Ar., etc.;— μεθ̆ ἡμέραν at mid- day, Hdt., etc.
1. our, Lat. noster, Hom., etc.; εἰς ἡμέτερον (sc. δῶμα) Od.; so, ἡμέτερόνδε id=Od.; ἡ ἡμετέρα (sc. χώρα) Thuc.; τὰ ἡμέτερα φρονεῖν to take our part, Xen.
2. sometimes for ἐμός, Od.
1. a half-god, demigod, Il., Hes.
1. a half-ass, i. e. a mule, Hom., etc.:— proverb., ἐπεὰν ἡμίονοι τέκωςι, i. e. never, Hdt.
2. the ἡμ. ἀγροτέρα of Il. 2. 851 is prob. the wild ass.
3. as adj., βρέφος ἡμίονον a mule-foal, Il.; ἡμ. βαςιλεύς a mule-king, half-Mede half-Persian, Orac. ap. Hdt.
1. half-divided, half-mangled, Anth.
1. a half-axe, i. e. a one-edged axe, Il.
1. a half-talent, as a weight, Il.; τρία ἡμιτάλαντα three half-talents, Hdt., but τρίτον ἡμιτάλαντον two talents and a half, id=Hdt.
1. half-finished, δόμος ἡμ. a house but half complete, i. e. wanting its lord and master, Il.; ἡμ. ἀνήρ, opp. to τελείως, ἀγαθός, Xen.
1. of, belonging to a mule, ἅμαξα ἡμ. a car drawn by mules, Hom.
1. the bridle (in riding), the reins (in driving), like the Homeric ἡνία (τά) mostly in pl., Pind., etc.; πρὸς ἡνίας μάχεςθαι Aesch.; in sg., ἐπιςχὼν ἡνίαν Soph.
2. metaph., χαλάςαι τὰς ἡνίας τοῖς λόγοις to give one's words free reins, Plat.; τῆς Πυκνὸς τὰς ἡνίας παραδοῦναί τινι id=Plat.
3. as a military term, ἐφ̆ ἡνίαν to the left, Plut.
1. at which time, when, Od., Trag.: also causal, since, Pind., attic
2. with Opt. in orat. obl., or to denote an uncertain or repeated occurrence in past time, whenever, Soph., etc.
3. ἡνίκ̆ ἄν, like ὅταν, with Subj., of the future, whenever, id=Soph., etc.
1. one who holds the reins, a driver, charioteer, opp. to παραιβάτης (the warrior by his side), Il.
2. generally a chariot-driver, as in the games, Pind., attic:—in Theogn., a rider.
3. metaph. a guide, governor, Pind., Ar.
1. to act as charioteer, Hom.:—metaph. to guide, Anth.
1. still, quiet, at rest, at ease, Il.; also in Prose, τρόπου ἡςυχίου of a quiet disposition, Hdt.; τὸ ἡςύχιον τῆς εἰρήνης Thuc. adv. -i/ws, Hhymn.
1. an exclamation, to call one's attention to a thing, ἤ, ἤ, ςιώπα Ar.
1. provisions for a journey, epic word for ἐφόδια, Lat. viaticum, Hom.:—generally, λύκων ἤια food for wolves, Il.
2. husks or chaff, Od.
1. epith. of Phoebus, ἤιε Φοῖβε Il. Prob. from the cry ἤ, ἤ, cf. ἰήϊος, εὔϊος.
1. untouched by the goad, of young heifers reserved for sacrifices, Il.
1. ἤκιςτος ἐλαυνέμεν, the gentlest or slowest in driving, Il.
1. enough, sufficiently, Lat. satis, ληὶς ἤλιθα πολλή Il.; δύη ἤλιθα πολλή Od., etc.
1. terra-firma, the land, as opp. to the sea, Hom., Hes., etc.; κατ̆ ἤπειρον by land, Hdt.; μήτ̆ ἐν θαλάττῃ μήτ̆ ἐν ἠπείρῳ Ar.:— hence in Od., even an island is called ἤπειρος.
2. the mainland of Western Greece, opp. to the neighbouring islands (afterwards called hπειρος as n. pr.), Od.:—then, generally, the mainland, Hdt., attic
3. later, a continent: Asia was esp. called the Continent, Hdt., etc.; also Europe, Aesch.; whence Soph. speaks of διςςαὶ ἤπειροι, i. e. Europe and Asia.
1. of persons, gentle, mild, kind, πατὴρ δ̆ ὣς ἤπιος ἦεν Hom.:—c. dat. pers., id=Hom., Trag.
2. of sentiments, ἤπια εἰδέναι to have kindly feelings, Hom.; πρὸς τὸ ἠπιώτερον καταςτῆςαί τινα to bring him to a milder mood, Thuc.
3. act. soothing, assuaging, of medicines, Il., etc.
4. ἤπιον ἦμαρ, c. inf., a day favourable for beginning a thing, Hes.
5. adv. h)pi/ws, Hdt., Soph.
1. acceptable gifts, kindnesses, ἦρα φέρειν Hom.
2. = xa/rin, c. gen., on account of, Anth.
1. ἤ τε, or also, Il.
1. = h)= toi, now surely, truly, verily, Il.; after ἀλλ̆ εἰ . . , nevertheless, id=Il.
2. = h)/toi, either in truth, followed by ἤ, or, Hdt., etc.
1. manhood, youthful prime, youth, Lat. pubertas, νεηνίηι ἀνδρὶ ἐοικώς, τοῦπερ χαριεςτάτη ἥβη Od.; ἥβης μέτρον ἱκέςθαι or ἱκάνειν ͂ ἡβάςκειν, id=Od.
2. youthful strength, vigour, πειρώμενος ἥβης Il.; ἥβηι πεποίθεα Od.
3. legally, ἥβη was the time before manhood, at Athens 16 years of age; at Sparta, 18, so that τὰ δέκα ἀφ̆ ἥβης were men of 28, τὰ τετταράκοντα ἀφ̆ ἥβης men of 58, and so on, Xen.: cf. ἔφηβος.
4. metaph. youthful cheer, merriment, δαιτὸς ἥβη Eur.: also youthful passion, fire, spirit, Pind.
5. a body of youth, the youth, Lat. juventus, Aesch.
6. as femin. prop. n., hβη, Hebe, daughter of Zeus and Hera, wife of Hercules, Hom.
1. to enjoy oneself, take delight, take one's pleasure, Od., etc.—Construction:
2. with participle, ἥςατο πίνων Od.; ἥςθη ἀκούςας he was glad to have heard, Hdt., etc.
3. c. dat., ἥδεςθαί τινι to delight in or at a thing, id=Hdt., etc.; ἐπί τινι Xen., etc.;—rarely c. gen., πώματος ἥςθη he enjoyed the draught, Soph.
4. c. acc. and part., ἥςθην πατέρα τὸν ἀμὸν εὐλογοῦντά ςε I was pleased to hear you praising him, id=Soph.
5. part. as an adj. glad, delighted, Ar.: also, like βουλομένωι, ἀςμένωι, in the phrase ἡδομένωι ἐςτί μοί τι I am well pleased at the thing happening, Hdt., Plat.
1. to have come, be present, be here, Lat. adesse, properly in a perf. sense, with the imperf. ἧκον as plup., I had come, and fut. ἥξω as fut. perf. I shall have come, directly opp. to οἴχομαι to be gone, while ἔρχομαι to come or go serves as pres. to both, Hom., etc.:—to return, Xen.
2. to have reached a point, ἐς τοςήνδ̆ ὕβριν Soph.; ἐς τοςοῦτον ἀμαθίας Plat.
3. δῐ ὀργῆς ἥκειν to be angry, Soph.; cf. διά A. IV.
4. like ἔχω B. II, εὖ ἥκειν τινός to be well off for a thing, have plenty of it, as, εὖ ἡκ.τοῦ βίου Hdt.; καλῶς αὐτοῖς ἧκον βίου as they had come to a good age, Eur.; ὧδε γένους ἡκ. τινί to be this degree of kin to him, id=Eur.:—also, εὖ ἥκειν, absol., to be well off, flourishing, Hdt.:—c. gen. only, ςὺ δὲ δυνάμιος ἥκεις μεγάλης thou art in great power, id=Hdt.
5. of things, to be brought, id=Eur., etc.; ἵν̆ ἥκει τὰ μαντεύματα what they have come to, Soph.
6. to concern, relate, or belong to, εἴς ἐμ̆ ἥκει τὰ πράγματα Ar.
7. to depend upon, ἐπί τι Dem.
1. the sun, Lat. sol, Hom., etc.; ὁρᾶν φάος ἠελίοιο, i.e. to be alive, Il.—The Sun furnished the earliest mode of determining the points of the heaven, πρὸς ἠῶ τ̆ ἠέλιόν τε, i. e. towards the East, opp. to πρὸς ζόφον, Hom.; πρὸς ἠῶ τε καὶ ἡλίου ἀνατολάς, opp. to πρὸς ἑςπέρην, Hdt.
2. day, a day, like Lat. soles, Pind., Eur.: so in pl. hot sunny days, Thuc.
3. as prop. n., Helios, the sun-god, Hom.; in later Poets = Apollo, Aesch., etc.
1. half, Lat. semis, used both as adj. and Subst.:
2. as adj., ἡμίςεες λαοί half the people, Hom.; ἥμιςυς λόγος half the tale, Aesch., etc.;—c. gen., like a comp., ἥμιςυ οὗ διενοεῖτο half of what he intended, Thuc.:— also with its Subst. in gen., τῶν νήςων τὰς ἡμίςεας half of the islands, Hdt.; αἱ ἡμίςειαι τῶν νεῶν Thuc.; ὁ ἥμιςυς τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ Plat.
3. as Subst.,
4. neut., ἥμιςυ τιμῆς, ἐνάρων, ἀρετῆς Hom.; πλέον ἥμιςυ παντός, Hes.; mostly with Art., τὸ ἡμ. τοῦ ςτρατοῦ Thuc., etc.;—also in pl., ἄρτων ἡμίςεα Xen.
5. fem., ἡ ἡμ. τοῦ τιμήματος Plat.; ἐφ̆ ἡμιςείᾳ up to one half, Dem.
1. a thrower, darter, slinger, Il.
1. a hero, in Hom. used of the Greeks before Troy, then of warriors generally; and then of all free men of the heroic age, as the minstrel Demodocus, the herald Mulius, even the unwarlike Phaeacians.
2. in Hes. the blessed heroes are the fourth age of men, who fell before Thebes and Troy, and then passed to the Islands of the Blest.
3. heroes, as objects of worship, demigods or men born from a god and a mortal, as Hercules, Aeneas, Memnon, Hdt., Pind.; then of such as had done great services to mankind, as Daedalus, Triptolemus, Theseus, Anth.
4. later, the heroes are inferior local deities, patrons of tribes, cities, guilds, founders of cities, etc.; as at Athens, the ἥρωες ἐπώνυμοι were the heroes after whom the φυλαί were named, Hdt.
1. c. gen. pers. less, weaker, less brave, Hom., etc.; c. inf., ἕςςων θεῖν not so good at running, Hdt.; οὐδενὸς ἥςςων γνῶναι "second to none" in judging, Thuc.
2. absol. of the weaker party, ἥςςους γενέςθαι to have the worst of it, id=Thuc.; τὰ τῶν ἡττόνων the fortunes of the vanquished, Xen.; of things, τὸν ἥττω λόγον κρείττω ποιεῖν "to make the worse appear the better reason, " Plat.
3. c. gen. rei, yielding to a thing, a slave to, ἔρωτος Soph.; κέρδους Ar., etc.: —generally, yielding to, unable to resist, τοῦ πεπρωμένου Eur.
4. neut. ἧςςον, attic ἧττον, as adv., less, Od., Thuc., etc.:—with a negat., οὐχ ἧςςον, οὐδ̆ ἧςςον not the less, just as much, Aesch., etc.
1. delight, enjoyment, pleasure, δαιτὸς ἦδος pleasure from or in the feast, Hom.; ἀλλὰ τί μοι τῶν ἦδος; what delight have I there from? Il.
1. an accustomed place: in pl. the haunts or abodes of animals, Hom., Hdt.
2. custom, usage, Hes., Hdt.
3. of man, his disposition, character, Lat. ingenium, mores, Hes., attic; ὦ μιαρὸν ἦθος, addressed to a person, Soph.
4. in pl., generally, of manners, like Lat. mores, Hes., Hdt., Thuc. rare collat. form of ἠθέω.
1. of place or motion, slightly, a little, softly, gently, Hom.
2. of Sound, stilly, softly, low, Il.
3. of Sight, softly, smoothly, ἦκα ςτίλβοντες ἐλαίῳ with oil soft shining, id=Il.
4. of Time, by little and little, Anth.
1. day, Hom.; νύκτας τε καὶ ἦμαρ by night and day, Il.; ἦμαρ by day, Hes.; μέςον ἦμ. mid- day, Il.; δείελον ἦμ. evening, Od.
2. in Hom. with Adjs. to describe a state or condition, αἴςιμον, ὀλέθριον, μόρςιμον, νηλεὲς ἦμαρ the day of destiny, of death; ἐλεύθερον, δούλιον, ἀναγκαῖον ἦμαρ the day of freedom, of slavery; νόςτιμον ἦμαρ, etc.
3. of the seasons, ἤματ̆ ὀπωρινῇ, ἤματι χειμερίῳ Il.
4. with Preps. ἐπ̆ ἤματι day by day, daily, Od.; also, in a day, for a day, Hom.: —so, ἐπ̆ ἦμαρ by day, Soph.; for a day, Eur.:— κατ̆ ἦμαρ day by day, Lat. quotidie, Soph.; κατ̆ ἦμαρ ἀεί id=Soph.; but κατ̆ ἦμαρ, also, this day, to-day, Lat. hodie, id=Soph.:— παρ̆ ἦμαρ every other day, Pind., Soph.
1. at which time, when, Hom.
2. while, so long as, Soph.
1. a year old, yearling, Hom.
1. with gleaming, glittering brass.
1. early, Hom.; ἦρι μάλ̆, μάλ̆ ἦρι id=Hom.
1. the heart as a part of the body, Il.:—then, as the seat of life, life, ἦτορ ὀλέςςαι id=Il.:—as the seat of feeling, the heart, id=Il., etc.
1. a nail: in Hom. only for ornament, a nail-head or stud.
2. after Hom. a nail to fasten with, Pind., Xen., etc.
1. that which is thrown, a dart, javelin, Il.
1. to be seated, sit, Hom., etc.:— to sit still, sit idle, Il., etc.: of an army, to lie encamped, id=Il.:—of a spy, to lurk, id=Il.:— later, of places, to lie, be situated, Hdt.; ἡμένωι ἐν χώρωι ͂ εἱαμενῇ, in a low, sunken place, Theocr.:—rarely c. acc., ςέλμα ἧςθαι to be seated on a bench, Aesch.; ἧςθαι Σιμόεντος κοίτας Eur.
1. the liver, Hom., etc.:— ὑφ̆ ἥπατος φέρειν, of pregnant women, Eur.:—in Trag. as the seat of the passions, anger, fear, etc., answering therefore to our "heart."
1. where, Hom.
1. to send forth, ὀϊςτὸν ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ἴαλλεν Il.; ἐπ̆ ὀνείατα χεῖρας ἴαλλον they put forth their hands to the dishes, Hom.; περὶ χερςὶ δεςμὸν ἴηλα threw chains around thy arms, Il.
2. to attack, assail, ἀτιμίηιςιν ἰάλλειν τινά to assail him with reproaches, Od.
3. to send, Theogn., Aesch.
4. intr. (sub. ἑαυτόν), to send oneself on, i. e. to flee, run, fly, Hes.
1. to heal, cure, Hom., etc.:— metaph., ἀδικίαν ἰᾶςθαι Eur.: proverb., μὴ τῶι κακῶι τὸ κακὸν ἰῶ, i. e. do not make bad worse, Hdt.
2. the aor1 ἰάθην [α_] is always pass., to be healed, to recover, Andoc., NTest.; so perf. ἴα_μαι NTest.
1. to cry, shout, shriek, in sign either of joy or grief, like ἰαχέω, Hom.; of articulate speech, Eur., Anth.
2. of things, to ring, resound, Hom.; of waves and of fire, to roar, id=Hom.; of a bowstring, to twang, Il.; of hot iron in water, to hiss, Od.
3. c. acc. cogn., ἰ. ἀοιδήν, μέλος to sound forth a strain, Hhymn.; ἰ. λογίων ὁδόν to proclaim the sense of oracles, Ar.; ἴαχον Ἀπόλλω were sounding his praises, id=Ar.
1. to heat, Od.
2. to melt:—Pass. to be melted, id=Od.
3. to warm, cheer, Lat. fovere, θυμὸν ἰαίνειν id=Od., etc.:—Pass., ἐν φρεςὶ θυμὸς ἰάνθη id=Od.; μέτωπον ἰάνθη her brow unfolded, Il.; c. dat. rei, to take delight in, Od.
1. doctor, healer, metaph., ἰ. κακῶν Od., Soph.
1. like ἰατήρ, one who heals, a mediciner, physician or surgeon (for there seems to have been no professional distinction), Il., etc.: — ἰ. ὀφθαλμῶν, ὀδόντων an oculist, dentist, Hdt.
2. metaph., ἰατρ. πόνων Pind.; ὀργῆς Aesch.
1. to sleep, to pass the night, Hom.:—c. acc. cogn., ἐννυχίαν τέρψιν ἰαύειν to enjoy the night's sleep, Soph.
1. the part behind the thigh and knee, the ham, Lat. poples, Il., Theocr.
1. to bend oneself, double oneself up, shrink up, esp. for pain, Il.; ἰδνωθεὶς ὀπίςω bent back, of one throwing up a ball, Hom.
1. skill, ἰδρείῃ πολέμοιο Il.
1. as adj., ἰδυίῃςι πραπίδεςςιν with knowing, skilful mind, Il.
1. straight-flying, of a javelin, Il.
1. ionic for εὐθύνω, to make straight, straighten, ἐπὶ ςτάθμην ἴθυνεν by the rule, Od.:—Pass. to run evenly, of horses yoked abreast, Il.
2. to guide in a straight line, ἵππους ἰθύνομεν (epic for -ωμεν) let us drive them straight, id=Il.; νῆα ἰθύνει [the pilot] keeps it straight, id=Il.; βέλος ἴθυνεν she sped it straight, id=Il.:—Mid. to guide or steer for oneself, ἰθύνετο ὀϊςτόν aimed his arrow straight, Od.; πηδαλίωι ἰθύνετο (sc. νῆα) id=Od.; c. gen., ἀλλήλων ἰθυνομένων δοῦρα as they drove their spears straight at each other, Il.:—Pass., of a boat, to be guided, steered, Hdt.
3. to guide, direct, rule, Il., Aesch.: of a judge, μύθους ἰθύνειν to rectify unjust judgments, Hes.; ἰθ. τὸ πλέον τινί to adjudge the greater part to him, Theocr.:—Pass., ἰθύνεςθαι θανάτωι to be punished with death, Hdt.
1. a straight course, ἀν̆ ἰθύν straight upwards, on high, Hom.
2. a direct attempt, purpose, πᾶςαν ἐπ̆ ἰθύν id=Hom.; γυναικῶν γνώομεν ἰθύν Od.
1. to go straight, press right on, Il.; ἴθυςε μάχη πεδίοιο the tide of war set straight over the plain, id=Il.:—c. gen. objecti, ἴθυςε νεός made straight for the ship, id=Il.; ἴθυςαν δ̆ ἐπὶ τεῖχος id=Il.; ἴθυςαν πρός . . Hdt.
2. c. inf. to strive or struggle to do, Od.; ὅκη ἰθύςειε ςτρατεύεςθαι whichever way he purposed to march, Hdt.
1. moisture, juice, Il., Hdt.:—comic metaph., τὴν ἰκμάδα τῆς φροντίδος Ar.; ἰ. Βͅακχου, i. e. wine, Anth.; ἰ. δρυός, i. e. gum, id=Anth.
1. in troops, Lat. turmatim, Il., Hdt.: generally, in abundance, in a mass, Hes.
1. a rope, band, Il.
1. mud, slime, dirt, Il., Hdt.
1. the muscle at the back of the neck, the nape of the neck, Il.
1. to appear like, look like, ἀθανάτοις ἰνδάλλεται εἰςοράαςθαι he is like the immortals to look upon, Od.; ἰνδάλλετο δέ ςφιςι μεγαθύμῳ Πηλείωνι he seemed to them like the son of P., Il.
2. to appear, seem, id=Il.; ὥς μοι ἰνδάλλεται ἦτορ as my heart seems to me [to say], i. e. as the matter seems to me, Od.; ἰνδάλλεται ὁμοιότατος κλητῆρος he seems most like a summoner, Ar.
1. holding arrows, Hom.: —as Subst. a quiver, Anth.
1. like the violet, purple, of the sea, Hom.
1. arrow-pourer, shooter of arrows, of Artemis, Hom.
1. to make equal, to balance, of a person holding scales, Il.; ἰς. τὰς κτήςεις to equalise them, Arist.: —Mid. to make oneself equal to another, Il.
1. to match oneself with, be a match for, cope with, c. dat., Il.
1. to check, hinder, Il.:—c. gen. to keep back from, Hes.
1. the hip-joint, Hom.
2. in pl. the fleshy parts round the hip-joint, the haunches, hams, Il., Hdt.
1. to hold back, check, Hom.
2. c. gen. to cling to, long after, desire eagerly, id=Hom.
1. equal to the gods, godlike, Hom., attic
1. used by Poseidon of himself as ἰςόμορος with Zeus, Il.
1. level ground, a flat, Il., Xen.
1. a willow, Lat. salix, Il., Hdt., etc.
2. a wicker shield, target, Eur.
1. a shouting, shout of joy, Il.
2. a cry of pain, shriek, Aesch., Eur.
1. full of fish, fishy, Hom.
2. consisting of fish, Anth.
1. a fish, Hom., etc.
2. in pl., οἱ ἰχθῦς the fish-market, Ar.
1. ichor, the etherial juice, that flows in the veins of gods, Il.;—epic acc. ἰχῶ for ἰχῶρα, id=Il.: later blood, Aesch.
1. any loud sound: the shout or cry of men, Il.; the sound of the lyre, Od.; of the wind, of a fire, Il.
1. rout, pursuit, Il.:— Ἰωκή is personified id=Il.
1. Ι, ι, ἰῶτα, τό, indecl., ninth letter of the Gr. alphabet: as numeral ι# = 10, but #22ι = 10, 000. The ι subscriptum was called ι προςγεγραμμένον, adscriptum, and was so written till the 13th century, τῶι (not τῷ), as is still done in capital letters ΤΩΙ., Changes of ι:
2. doric, ι for υ in the 3rd pl. and part. pres., as φιλέοιςι ἐοῖςα for φιλέουςι, etc.; so also Μοῖςα Ἀρέθοιςα for Μοῦςα, etc.:—it was added to α in some Adjs., and in the aor1 part., as μέλαις τάλαις ῥίψαις for μέλας, etc.; and in the acc. pl. fem. of 1st decl., as ταῖς νύμφαις for τὰς νύμφας.
3. Boeot. and Lacon. as ςιός, ςεῖος, for θεός, θεῖος.
4. ι_ easily passes into ει, whence forms like εἴλω ἴλλω, εἴλη ἴλη, εἴρην ἰρήν: ι^ was sometimes exchanged with ε, as in ἑςτία, ionic ἱςτίη:—often inserted to lengthen the syll., e. g. εἰν εἰς ξεῖνος κεινός πνείω ὑπείρ διαί μεταί παραί, for ἐν, ἐς, etc. The Quantity of ι varies.
1. violet-coloured, dark, Il.
1. warlike or ill-fated, miserable; Hom.
1. will, desire, θεῶν ἰότητι by the will or hest of the gods, Hom.
2. = e(/kati II, for the sake of, ἰότα_τι γάμων Aesch.
1. to shout, yell, Hom.:—later to yell or cry from grief or pain, Aesch., Soph.
1. a hawk, falcon, Il., Ar.
1. a priestess, Il., attic
1. to sweat, perspire, Hom. (esp. in Il.); ἵππους ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ ἱδρώοντας Od.; ἱδρώςει τελαμών it shall reek with sweat, Il.; c. acc. cogn., ἱδρῶθ̆ ὃν ἵδρωςα id=Il.
1. to make to sit down, to seat, Hom., etc.; αὐτός τε κάθηςο καὶ ἄλλους ἵδρυε λαούς Il.; ἵδρυςε τὴν ςτρατιήν encamped the army, Hdt.:—Pass. to be seated, sit. still, Il., Eur.; of an army, to lie encamped, Hdt.; ἀςφαλῶς ἱδρυμένος seated, steady, secure, id=Hdt.
2. like Lat. figere, to fix or settle persons in a place, εἰς δόμον Eur.:—Pass. to be settled, Hdt., Soph., etc.
3. in Mid. to establish, ἱδρ. τινὰ ἄνακτα Eur.; τινὰ ἐς οἶκόν id=Eur.
4. perf. pass. ἵδρυ_μαι, of places, to be situated, to lie, Hdt.
5. to set up, found, esp. to dedicate temples, statues, Eur., Ar.:—Pass., ἱρόν, βωμὸς ἵδρυται Hdt.:—Mid. to set up for oneself, to found, id=Hdt., Eur.; perf. pass. in mid. sense, Hdt., Plat.
1. sweat, Lat. sudor, Hom., attic
2. the exudation of trees, gum, ςμύρνης Eur.
1. to slaughter for sacrifice, to sacrifice, Hom.
2. to slaughter for a feast, Od.: Mid. to slaughter for oneself, id=Od.
1. a priest, sacrificer, Il., etc.
2. metaph., ἱερεύς τις ἄτης a minister of woe, Aesch.; and, comically, λεπτοτάτων λήρων ἱερεῦ Ar.
1. to slaughter for sacrifice, to sacrifice, Hom.
2. to slaughter for a feast, Od.: Mid. to slaughter for oneself, id=Od.
1. a victim, an animal for sacrifice or slaughter, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. an offering for the dead, Od.
3. of cattle slaughtered for food, mostly in pl., Hdt., Xen.
1. super-human, mighty, divine, wonderful, Hom.; often like θεςπέςιος, to express wonder or admiration, ἱερὸν τέλος, ἱερὸς ςτρατός a glorious band, id=Hom.; ἱερὸς δίφρος a splendid chariot, Il.; οὐχ ἱερόν no mighty matter! Theocr.
2. holy, hallowed, Lat. sacer, Hom., etc.; ἱερὸς πόλεμος a holy war, Ar., etc.: ἱρὰ γράμματα, ͂ ἱερογλυφικά, Hdt.; ἱερὸν τὸ ςῶμα διδόναι, of one dedicated to a god, Eur.; ἱερὸς νόμος the law of sacrifice, Dem.; of the Roman Tribunes, to express sacrosanctus, Plut.; for ἱερὰ καὶ ὅςια, v. o(/sios.
3. of kings, heroes, etc., from a notion of "the divinity that doth hedge a king,"Pind., Soph.
4. as Subst.,
5. ἱερά, ionic ἱρά, τά, offerings, sacrifices, victims, ἱερὰ ῥέζειν, Lat. sacra facere, operari, Il.; ἔρδειν Hes.; θῦςαι Hdt.:—after Hom. the inwards of the victim, the auspices, τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ ἦν Xen.; or, simply, τὰ ἱερὰ γίγνεται id=Xen.:—generally, sacred things or rites, Lat. sacra, Hdt.
6. ἱερόν, ionic ἱρόν, τό, a temple, holy place, id=Hdt., attic
7. ἱρὸν τῆς δίκης a sacred principle of right, Eur.
8. special phrases:
9. ἱερὸς λόχος, v. lo/xos 1. 4.
10. ἱερὰ νόςος the awful disease, epilepsy, Hdt.
11. ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, id=Hdt.
12. ἡ ἱερά (sc. τριήρης), of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), Dem.
13. Ἱερὰ νῆςος, one of the Liparean group, Thuc.
14. adv. -rw=s, holily, Plut.
1. Causal, to make to sit, Il.
2. intr. to sit, Lat. sedere, Od.; ἐπ̆ ὄμμαςι ὕπνος ἱζάνει Il.
3. of soil, to settle down, sink in, Thuc.
1. to come, arrive, Hom., Aesch.: c. acc. to come to, reach, ἱκάνω νῆας Ἀχαιῶν Il., etc.; of a tall tree, δῐ ἠέρος αἰθέρ̆ ἵκανεν id=Il.; ἥβης μέτρον ἱκ. reached, attained to the age of youth, Od.
2. with a person for the object, often of grief, hardship, and the like, ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει Il.; so, ἄλγος, γῆρας, κάματος, χόλος ἱκάνει τινά Hom.; παλαίφατα θέςφατ̆ ἱκάνει με they are fulfilled upon me, Od.
3. of a suppliant, ςὰ γούνατ̆ ἱκάνω Il.; cf. ἱκνέομαι ΙΙΙ.
4. also in Mid., χρειὼ γὰρ ἱκάνεται id=Il.; τὰ ςὰ γούναθ̆ ἱκάνομαι Hom.
1. one who comes to seek protection, a suppliant or fugitive, who lays his ἱκετηρία on the altar or hearth, after which his person was inviolable; esp. one who seeks purification after homicide, Hom., etc.
1. to approach as a suppliant, ἐπεί ςε ἱκέτευςα Od.; ἐς Πηλῆ̆ ἱκέτευςε Il.; ἱκ. τινὰ γονάτων or πρὸς γονάτων Eur.
2. to supplicate, beseech one to do a thing, c. acc. et inf., Od., Hdt., attic:—also c. gen. pers. et inf. to beg of one that . . , Eur.
3. c. acc. rei, to ask a thing as a suppliant, id=Eur., Thuc.
1. to come to a place, c. acc. loci, or foll. by a prep., ἵκετο νῆας or ἐπὶ νῆας Hom., etc.
2. to come to, ἵκετο χρόα, of a spear, Il.; τέλος ἵκεο μύθων id=Il.; ἠῶ ἱκέςθαι, i. e. to live till morning, Od.; λέκτροιο θεςμὸν ἱκ., i. e. to wed, id=Od.; ὅ τι χεῖρας ἵκοιτο, whatever came to hand, id=Od.; ἱκ. ἐς λόγους τινός to speak with one, Soph., etc.
3. of suffering, sorrow, etc., to come upon, πένθος ἱκ. τινά Il.; ἄχος, χόλος τινὰ ἱκ. θυμόν or κραδίην Hom.
4. to approach as suppliant, id=Hom.; τὰ ςὰ γοῦνα ἱκόμεθ̆ Od.:—hence, like ἱκετεύω, to supplicate, beseech, τὰς θεὰς ἱκνοῦμαι Soph.; καί ςε πρὸς θεῶν ἱκνοῦμαι id=Soph.:—c. inf., πάντες ς̆ ἱκνοῦνται θάψαι νεκρούς Eur.
5. impers. like προςήκει, it becomes, befits, φαμὲν ἡμέας ἱκνέεςθαι ἡγεμονεύειν we say that it befits us to take the lead, Hdt.; τοὺς μάλιςτα ἱκνέεται (sc. κεκάρθαι) whom it most concerns, id=Hdt.; so, ἐς τὸν ἱκνέεται he to whom it belongs, id=Hdt.
6. in part., τὸ ἱκνεύμενον that which is fitting, proper, id=Hdt.; ὁ ἱκν. χρόνος the fit, proper time, id=Hdt.; τὸ ἱκν. ἀνάλωμα the proportionate expense, Thuc.:—hence adv. i(kneume/nws, fittingly, aright, Hdt.part.
1. in troops, Lat. turmatim, Il., Hdt.: generally, in abundance, in a mass, Hes.
1. to appease, θεὸν ἱλάςκεςθαι to make him propitious to one, conciliate him, win his favour, Hom.; μολπῆι θεὸν ἱλάςκοντο Il.; ὄφρ̆ ἡμῖν Ἑκάεργον ἱλάςςεαι id=Il.; so of men, Hdt., Plat.
2. in NTest. to expiate, τὰς ἁμαρτίας.
3. in NTest. also, an aor1 imperat. pass. ἱλάςθητι, be gracious.
1. a leathern strap or thong, Il.: in pl. the traces by which horses were attached to the chariot, id=Il.: also, the reins, id=Il., Soph., Eur.
2. the straps on which the body of the chariot was hung, Il.
3. the lash of a whip, id=Il.
4. the caestus of boxers, consisting of straps put round the hand, id=Il.
5. in sg. the magic girdle of Aphrodite, Lat. cestus, id=Il.
6. the chin-strap of the helmet, id=Il.
7. in Od. a latchet or thong, by which the bolt was shot home into the socket, and which was then fastened to the κορώνη, Od.
8. after Hom. the thong or latchet of a sandal, Xen.
9. a dog-leash, id=Xen.: proverb., ἱμὰς κύνειός ἐςτι he's as tough as a dog- leash, Ar.
1. the thong of a whip, a whip, Hom.
1. to flog horses, Hom.; generally, to scourge, smite, Il.
1. to long for, yearn after, desire a thing, c. gen., Od., Aesch., etc.:—c. inf. to long or wish to do, Solon, Aesch., etc.
2. as Dep. to desire, c. gen., ὁππότ̆ ἂν ἧς ἱμείρεται αἴης (epic for -ηται) Od.; χρημάτων ἱμ. μεγάλως Hdt.
1. longed for, lovely, Il., Hes.
1. exciting love or desire, lovely, delightsome, charming, Hom., Theocr.:—Sup. ἱμεροέςτατος Theogn.
1. to drive horses, drive a chariot, Il.: later, to ride, Hdt., Ar.
2. Pass., of the horse, to be ridden or driven, Plat.: to be broken in for riding, Xen.
3. ἱππάζεςθαι χώραν to ride over a country, Plut.
1. a horseman, either of the charioteer or of the hero who fights from a chariot, Il.
2. a horseman, i. e. rider, first in Hdt.
3. in Solon.'s constitution, the ἱππεῖς, attic ἱππῆς, Horsemen or Knights, were the 2d class, required to possess land producing 300 medimni, and a horse, Ar., Thuc.,
4. at Sparta 300 chosen men, the King's Body Guard, Hdt.
1. ἱππ. ὁδός a chariot-road, Il.
1. a driver of horses, one who fights from a chariot, a Knight, Hom.
1. the mare-milkers, a Scythian or Tartar tribe, Il.
1. one who fights from a chariot, Hom.: later, a horseman, rider, Aesch.
2. as adj., ἵππ. κλόνοι the tumult of the horse-fight, id=Aesch.
1. shaggy with horse-hair, Il.
1. bushy with horse-hair, of helmets, Hom.
1. travelling by means of horses, a driver of horses, Il.
1. equipt or furnished with horses, Il.
1. busied with horses, Il.
1. the art of chariot-driving, horsemanship, Hom.
2. = i(/ppos II, horse, cavalry, Orac. ap. Hdt.
1. grazed by horses, Hom., Eur.
1. tamer of horses, Hom.
1. a chariot-road, Il.
2. a race-course for chariots, Lat. curriculum, Plat., etc.
1. decked with horse-hair, of a helmet, Il., Soph.
1. the art of chariot-driving, horsemanship, Hom.
2. = i(/ppos II, horse, cavalry, Orac. ap. Hdt.
1. any web, a sail, ἱςτία ςτέλλεςθαι, μηρύεςθαι, καθελεῖν to lower or furl sail, Od.; ἄκροιςι χρῆςθαι ἱςτίοις to keep the sails close-reefed, Ar.
1. the mast-crutch, on which the mast rested when let down, Il.
1. anything set upright:
2. a ship's mast, ἱςτὸν ςτῆςαι or ςτήςαςθαι to step the mast, Hom.:— a rod, pole, Hdt.
3. the beam of the loom, which stood upright, instead of lying horizontal as in our looms, Hom.; ἱςτὸν ςτήςαςθαι to set up the beam and so begin a web, Hes.; ἱςτὸν ἐποίχεςθαι to traverse the loom, because the weaver was obliged to walk to and fro, Hom.
4. the warp that was fixed to the beam, the web, id=Hom.
1. a step, motion, Il.
1. like, resembling, τινι Il., Hdt., Pind.
1. only in the phrase ἴκμενος οὖρος (from i)/kw, i(kne/omai) a following, favourable wind, Hom.
1. the half-decks fore and aft of Homeric ships, Hom.: the planks of the deck, Od.
2. generally, a platform, stage, Hdt.
1. neut. ἵλεα:—of gods, propitious, gracious, Il., Hes., etc.
2. of men, gracious, kindly, gentle, θυμὸς ἐνὶ φρεςὶν ἵλαος ἔςτω Il.; so in Soph.
1. of the ibex bounding, springing, Il.
1. fut. ἴψομαι: epic 2nd sg. aor1 ἴψαο: Dep.:— to press hard, oppress, Il., Theocr.
1. equal to, the same as, c. dat., or absol. equal, like, Hom., etc.:— ἴςα πρὸς ἴςα "measure for measure, " Hdt.; of the mixture of wine with water, ἴςος οἶνος ἴςῳ ὕδατι κεκραμένος Comici; metaph., μηδὲν ἴςον ἴςῳ φέρων not mixing half and half, i. e. not giving tit for tat, Ar.
2. equally divided, equal, Hom., Soph.:— τὰ ἴςα an equal share, fair measure, Hdt., Soph.:— ἴςαι (sc. ψῆφοι) votes equally divided, Ar.
3. at Athens, of the equal division of all civic rights, Thuc., etc.:— τὰ ἴςα equal rights, equality, Dem.:—also, ἡ ἴςη καὶ ὁμοία (sc. δίκη) Thuc., etc.; ἐπ̆ ἴςῃ τε καὶ ὁμοίῃ on fair and equal terms, Hdt.
4. of persons, fair, impartial, Soph., Plat., etc.
5. of ground, even, level, flat, Lat. aequus, εἰς τὸ ἴςον καταβαίνειν, of an army, Xen.
6. adv., ἴςως, v. sub voc.:—but there are other adverbial forms,
7. neut. sg., ἶςον Κηρί even as Death, Il.; ἶςον ἐμοί like me, id=Il., etc.; ἴςον τῷ πρίν equally as before, Eur.; followed by καί, ἴςα καί . . like as, as if, Lat. aeque ac, Soph., etc.:—absol. alike, id=Soph.
8. with Preps.: —ἀπὸ τῆς ἴςης equally, Lat. ex aequo, Thuc.; ἀπ̆ ἴςης Dem.:— ἐν ἴςῳ equally, Thuc., etc.;— ἐξ ἴςου Hdt., attic:— ἐπὶ ἴςης, later ἐπίςης, Hdt., attic
9. attic comp. ἰςαίτερος Eur., etc.
1. to hold, check, curb, keep back, restrain, Hom.:—c. gen. to keep from, Il., Eur., etc.; also, ἴςχ. τινὰ μὴ πράςςειν id=Eur.
2. intr., ἴςχε hold, stay, stop, Aesch.; of ships, to lie at anchor, Thuc.:—so in Pass., ἴςχεςθ̆ Ἀργεῖοι, μὴ φεύγετε Od.; ἴςχεο Hom.:—c. gen., ἴςχεςθαί τινος to desist from, Od.: ἴςχετο impers., here it stopped, Xen.
3. to hold fast, hold, maintain, Il., Soph.
4. like ἔχω, to hold or have in possession, to have, Hdt., attic: to have a wife, Hdt.: to have a child, id=Hdt.
5. intr., with an adv., to be so and so, Thuc.
1. a circle made of willow (cf. ἰτέα): of the felloe of a wheel, Il.:— the edge or rim of a shield, Hes., Hdt.; the round shield itself, Eur., Xen.
1. stout, strong, stalwart, Il.:—of women, comely, goodly, Hom.
1. stout, fat, goodly, of sheep, Hom.
1. a track, trace, footstep, Hom.
1. Causal, to make to sit, seat, place, μή μ̆ ἐς θρόνον ἷζε Il.; ἵζει μάντιν ἐν θρόνοις Aesch.:—the ionic and poet. aor1 εἷςα is always causal (as in the compds. ἐφ-, καθ-εῖςα), εἷςεν ἐν κλιςμοῖς, κατὰ κλιςμούς, ἐπὶ θρόνου, ἐς δίφρον Hom.; εἷςέ μ̆ ἐπὶ βουςί set me over the oxen, Od.; ςκοπὸν εἷςε set as a spy, Il.; λόχον εἷςαν laid an ambush, id=Il.; εἷςεν ἐν Σχερίηι settled [them] in Scheria, Od.; imperat. εἷςον id=Od.; part. ἕςας id=Od.; so in Hdt., τοῦτον εἷςε ἐς τὸν θρόνον id=Hdt.; ἐπὶ τὸ δεῖπνον ἵζειν τοὺς βαςιλέας id=Hdt.; inf. ἕςςαι in Pind.; rare in attic, ςὺ γάρ νιν εἷςας ἐς τόδε for thou didst bring it to this, Soph.; cf. καθίζω.
2. the aor1 mid. εἱςάμην is used in the sense of ἱδρύω, to dedicate temples statues, etc., to gods, Theogn., Hdt.; part. εἱςάμενος Thuc.
3. intr. to sit, sit down, Lat. sedere, Il.; ἵζειν ἐς θρόνον Od.; ἐς θᾶκον Soph.; also, ἐπὶ θρόνου Hom.; ἐπὶ τὸ δεῖπνον Hdt.; ἐπὶ κώπην, of rowers, Ar.:—c. acc. loci, ἵζειν θρόνον Aesch.; βωμόν Eur.
4. to sit still, be quiet, Hhymn.
5. Pass. also in signf. II, to sit, πάροιθ̆ ἵζευ ἐμεῖο sit down before me, Il.: to lie in ambush, id=Il.: of an army, to sit down, take up a position, ἵζεςθαι ἀντίοι τινί Hdt.; ἵζεςθαι ἐν τῶι Τηυγέτωι or ἐς τὸ Τηύγετον id=Hdt.
1. to set a going, put in motion, being the Causal of εἶμι (ibo), ἧκα πόδας καὶ χεῖρε φέρεςθαι Od.; ἱ. πόδα Eur.: hence
2. to send, Hom., etc.
3. of sounds, to send forth, utter, id=Hom., etc.; Ἑλλάδα γλῶςςαν ἱ. to speak Greek, Hdt.; φωνὴν Παρνηςίδα Aesch.; τὸ τᾶς εὐφήμου ςτόμα φροντίδος ἱέντες, i. e. speaking not in words, but in silent thought, Soph.
4. to send forth, throw, hurl, of stones or javelins, Hom.; c. gen. pers. to throw or shoot at one, Il.
5. like βάλλειν, c. dat. instrumenti, ἵηςι τῆι ἀξίνηι he throws [at him] with his axe, Xen.
6. the acc. is often omitted, so that ἵημι sometimes seems intr., to throw, shoot, Hom.; c. gen. objecti, τῶν μεγάλων ψυχῶν ἱείς shooting at great souls, Soph.
7. of water, to let flow, let burst or spout forth, Il., Aesch., etc.; ὕδωρ omitted, ποταμὸς ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἵηςιν the river pours over the land, Od.; so, of fire, Eur.
8. to let fall, κὰδ δὲ κάρητος ἧκε κόμας made his locks flow down from his head. Od.; ἐκ δὲ ποδοῖιν ἄκμονας ἧκα δύω I let two anvils hang from his two legs, id=Od.; ἧκαν ἑαυτούς let themselves go, Xen.
9. Mid. to send oneself, hasten, οἴκαδε ἱέμενος hastening homewards, Hom.; ἱέμενος Τροίηνδε Od.; so, δρόμωι ἵεςθαι ἐπί τινα Hdt.; etc.
10. metaph. to be set upon doing a thing, to desire to do it, c. inf., ἵετο γὰρ βαλέειν Il.:—c. gen. to long for, ἱέμενοι νίκης id=Il.:—absol. in part., ἱέμενός περ eager though he was, Od.
11. the 3rd pl. aor2 mid. ἕντο is used by Hom. in the phrase ἐπεὶ πόςιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο, when they had put away the desire of meat and drink, i. e. eaten and drunk enough, Virgil's postquam exempta fames epulis.
1. to come to, reach, c. acc. or with a prep., ἵκειν ἐς πατρίδα, ἵκειν κατὰ νῆας or ἵκειν δόμον, Τροίην, κλιςίην Hom.
2. of sufferings, feelings, etc., ὅτε κέν τινα χόλος ἵκοι whenever anger come upon him, Il.; χρειὼ ἵκει με necessity is upon me, Od.
1. a longing or yearning after a thing, Lat. desiderium, c. gen., Il.; γόου ἵμερον ὦρςεν raised [in them] a yearning after tears, i. e. a desire to weep, id=Il.; and with a second gen., πατρὸς ὑφ̆ ἵμερον ὦρςε γόοιο for his father, Od.; ἵμερον ἔχειν ͂ ἱμείρεςθαι, Hdt.:—in pl., πολλοὶ ἵμεροι various emotions, Aesch.
2. absol. desire, love, Il., etc.
3. as adj., but only in neut. as adv., ἵμερον αὐλεῖν Anth.; ἵμερα μελίζεςθαι, δακρύειν id=Anth.
1. Adverb,
2. of Place,
3. demonstr. in that place, there, only in Il. 10. 127.
4. relat., = o(/pou, in which place, where, Hdt., etc.;—so, ἵνα τε Il.; ἵνα περ Hom.:—c. gen., ἵνα γῆς in whatever part of the land, Hdt.; ἔμαθε ἵνα ἦν κακοῦ in what a calamity, id=Hdt.; οὐχ ὁρᾷς ἵν̆ εἶ κακοῦ Soph.
5. = o(/poi, with Verbs of motion, whither, Od.; ὁρᾷς ἵν̆ ἥκεις Soph.
6. of circumstance, when, at which, Od.
7. Final Conjunction, = o(/pws, that, in order that, Lat. ut, Hom.:
8. with subj.,
9. after principal tenses of ind., id=Hom., etc.
10. after historical tenses, in similes, where the aor. refers to any possible time, Od.
11. after opt. and ἄν, ἔδωκε μένος, ἵνα γένοιτο she gave him vigour, that he might become, Il.
12. with opt., after historical tenses, Hom., etc.
13. with past tenses of ind., to express a consequence which has not followed or cannot follow, ἵν̆ ἦν τυφλός in which case he must be blind, Soph., etc.
14. ἵνα μή as the negat. of ἵνα, that not, Lat. ut ne or ne, Il., attic
15. elliptical usages,
16. where the purpose only is stated, Ζεὺς ἔςθ̆, ἵν̆ εἰδῇς 'tis Zeus, [I tell thee this] that thou may'st know it, Soph.; so, ἵνα ςυντέμω Dem.
17. ὅρα or βλέπε being understood, ἵνα ἐλθὼν ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ see that thou come and lay hands on her, NTest.
18. ἵνα τί (sc. γένηται); to what end? Ar., Plat.
1. of a horse or horses, Hom., Soph.; ἵππ. λόφος a horse-hair crest, Il.
1. a horse, mare, Lat. equus, equa, Hom., etc.:—the pl. ἵπποι in Hom. are the chariot-horses, Il.:—hence ἵπποι is used for the chariot itself, καθ̆ ἵππων ἅλλεςθαι, ἐξ ἵππων βῆςαι, ἵππων ἐπεβήςετο id=Il.:—the art of riding, though known to Hom., was an uncommon practice, cf. κέλης, κελητίζω,
2. as Collective Noun, ἵππος, ἡ, horse, cavalry, Lat. equitatus, Hdt., attic; always in sg., as ἵππος χιλίη a thousand horse, Hdt.
3. ὁ ἵππος ὁ ποτάμιος the hippopotamus, id=Hdt.
4. in Compos., it expressed anything large or coarse, as in our horsechestnut, horselaugh, v. i(ppo/krhmnos, etc.
1. fem. adj. horse-tailed, decked with a horse-tail, of helmets, Hom.
1. Causal Tenses, to make to stand, Lat. sisto,
2. intr. to stand, Lat. sto,
3. Causal, to make to stand, set, Hom., etc.:— to set men in array, post them, Il., Xen.
4. to make to stand, stop, stay, check, Hom., etc.; ςτῆςαι τὴν φάλαγγα to halt it, Xen.; ςτ. τὰ ὄμματα to fix them, of a dying man, Plat.; ἵ. τὸ πρόςωπον, Lat. componere vultum, Xen.
5. to set up, ἱςτ. ἱςτόν to set up the loom, or to raise the mast, Hom.; to raise buildings, statues, trophies, etc., Hdt., attic; ἱςτάναι τινὰ χαλκοῦν to set him up in brass, raise a brasen statue to him, Dem.
6. to raise, rouse, stir up, Hom., etc.; φυλόπιδα ςτήςειν to stir up strife, Od.; in aor1 mid., ςτήςαςθαι μάχην id=Od.
7. to set up, appoint, τινὰ βαςιλέα Hdt.; Pass., ὁ ςταθεὶς ὕπαρχος id=Hdt.
8. to establish, institute a festival, id=Hdt., attic
9. to place in the balance, weigh, Il., etc.; ἱςτάναι τι πρός τι to weigh one thing against another, Hdt.
10. Pass. and intr. tenses of Act. to be set or placed, to stand, Hom.:—often merely for εἶναι, to be there, Od., etc.; with an adv. to be in a certain state or condition, ἵνα χρείας ἕςταμεν in what a state of need we are, Soph., etc.
11. to lie, be situated, Thuc.
12. to stand still, stop, halt, Hom.: to stand idle, Il.: to stop, cease, be at rest, id=Il.
13. metaph. to stand firm, Xen.
14. to stand up, rise up, Il.; of a horse, ἵςταςθαι ὀρθός to rear up, Hdt.
15. to arise, begin, Il.
16. in marking Time, ἔαρος ἱςταμένοιο as spring was beginning, Od.; ἕβδομος ἑςτήκει μείς the seventh month began, Il.; τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ̆ ἱςταμένοιο as one month ends and the next begins, Od.; the month in Hom. being divided into two parts, ἱςτάμενος and φθίνων; but in the attic Calendar, it fell into three decads, ἱςτάμενος, μεςῶν, φθίνων, Hdt., Thuc.
17. to be appointed, ςτῆναι ἐς ἀρχήν Hdt.
1. a wise man, one who knows right, a judge, Il.
2. as adj. knowing, Hes.; ἵςτωρ τινός knowing a thing, Soph.
1. the Ionians, including, Il.:—in Persian it was = *(/ellhnes, Aesch.:— sg. Ἰάων rare, Theocr.
1. of Ida, Il.
1. the chief of the Cretans, properly strength of Ida (in Crete), Il.
1. Ithaca, the home of Ulysses, an island on the West coast of Greece, Hom.:—hence he is called Ἰθα^κήςιος.
1. Ithacan, Hom.
1. Icarian, πόντος Ἰκ. the Aegean between the Cyclades and Caria, where Icarus son of Daedalus was drowned, Il.; Ἰκ. πέλαγος Hdt.
1. from Troy, Hom.
1. Ἰλ. πρό before Troy, Od., etc.
1. Ixion, a king of Thessaly: his name prob. was = i(ke/ths, for he was the first homicide, and therefore the first suppliant, Pind., Aesch.
1. Ida, i. e. the wooded hill, Mt. Ida, Il.; epic gen., Ἴδηθεν μεδέων ruler of Ida, id=Il.; as adv. from Ida, id=Il.
1. Iris, the messenger of the gods, Il.
2. as Appellat. ἰρις, ἡ: — the rainbow, iris, in Hom., as in the Bible, a sign to men, τέρας μερόπων ἀνθρώπων Il.
3. any bright-coloured circle as that round the eyes of a peacock's tail, Luc.
4. the plant Iris, Theophr.
1. to converse or chat with one, c. dat., Il.; ὀαριζέμεναι (epic inf.) id=Il.
1. familiar converse, fond discourse, Il., Theocr.:—generally, ἡ γὰρ πολέμου ὀαριςτύς such is war's intercourse, Il.
2. as concrete, προμάχων ὀαριςτύς the company of out-fighters, id=Il.
1. a spit, Il., Hdt., attic
2. ὀβ. λίθινος a pointed square pillar, obelisk, Hdt.
1. doing deeds of violence, Il.
1. daughter of a mighty sire, Il., Solon., etc.
1. eighty, Lat. octoginta, Thuc., etc.:—ionic and doric ὀγδώκοντα, Il., Theocr.
1. the eighth, Hom.
1. by biting with the teeth, Lat. mordicus, Hom.; ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας they bit the ground, of men in the agonies of death, Il.; so, γαῖαν ὀδὰξ ἑλόντες Eur.; ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεςι φύντες biting the lips in smothered rage, Od.; διατρώξομαι ὀδὰξ τὸ δίκτυον Ar.
1. Lat. dens, dentis, a tooth, Hom., Hes., etc.; ἕρκος ὀδόντων, v. e(/rkos 1; πρίειν ὀδόντας, v. pri/w.
1. killing, i. e. stilling, pain, Il.
1. pain of body, Lat. dolor, Hom., attic
2. pain of mind, grief, distress, Hom., etc.; ὀδύνη τινός grief for him, Il.
1. to lament, bewail, mourn for:
2. c. acc. pers., Hom., Soph.; c. acc. rei, ὁ δ̆ ὀδύρετο πατρίδα γαῖαν mourned for it, i. e. for the want of it, Od.; so, νόςτον ὀδυρομένη id=Od.
3. c. gen. pers. to mourn for, for the sake of, Hom.
4. c. dat. pers. to wail or lament to or before others, id=Hom.
5. absol. to wail, mourn, id=Hom., Eur.
1. to be wroth against, to hate another, c. dat., Hom., Hes.
1. fine linen, in pl., fine linen cloths, Hom.
2. sails, Anth.: in sg. a sail, Luc.
1. woful, pitiable, miserable, Hom.; of conditions, toilsome, dreary, id=Hom.; also sorry, poor, Hdt. [Though Hom. makes υ_, he forms the comp. and Sup., metri grat., ὀϊζυ_ρώτερος, -ώτατος, for -ότερος, -ότατος.]
1. woe, misery, distress, hardship, suffering, Hom.
1. to wail, mourn, lament, περὶ κεῖνον ὀί̈ζυε (imperat.) Il.
2. c. acc. rei, to suffer, ὀϊζύομεν κακὰ πολλά Il.: absol. to suffer greatly, Od.
1. to shoot arrows, Hom.: c. gen. to shoot at, ὀϊςτευςον Μενελάου Il.
1. an arrow, Hom., Hes., etc.
1. to shrink from doing, to scruple, hesitate to do a thing, c. inf., Il., etc.; ὀκνῶ προδότης καλεῖςθαι I shrink from being called, fear to be called, Soph.; ὀκνῶ ὀνομάςαι I shrink from naming, hesitate to name, Dem.; rarely c. acc., ὃν ὀκνεῖτε Soph.; ὀκνεῖν περί τινος Xen.
2. absol. to shrink, hesitate, hang back, Hdt., Soph., etc.
1. having many points or roughnesses, rugged, jagged, Il., Aesch.
1. chilling, horrible, Il.
1. eight-spoked, Il.
1. Lat. octo, eight, Hom., etc.
1. destructive, deadly, ὀλ. ἦμαρ the day of destruction, Il.; ψῆφος ὀλεθρία a vote of death, Aesch.:— ὀλέθριον as adv. fatally, Soph.
2. c. gen., γάμοι ὀλέθριοι φίλων bringing ruin on his friends, Aesch.
3. of persons, ruined, lost, undone, Soph.:— rascally, worthless, Luc.
1. epic imperf. ὄλεκον, ionic ὀλέκεςκον, like ὄλλυμι, to ruin, destroy, kill, Hom., Trag.:—Pass. to perish, die, esp. a violent death, ὀλέκοντο δὲ λαοί Il.
1. with little corn, or with a small bread-basket, Anth.
1. of Number or Quantity, few, little, scanty, small, opp. to πολύς, Hom., etc.; the governing body in Oligarchies was called οἱ ὀλίγοι, Thuc., etc.
2. c. inf. too few to do a thing, Hdt., Thuc.
3. of Size, little, small, opp. to μέγας, Hom.; ὀλίγον ἢ οὐδέν little or nothing, Plat.
4. neut. ὀλίγον as adv., little, a little, slightly, Hom., Eur.; with comp. Adjs., ὀλίγον προγενέςτερος Il.; ὀλ. ἧςςον Od.; so, ὀλ. τι πρότερον Hdt.; but ὀλίγῳ is more common with the comp. in Prose, id=Hdt., etc.
5. special phrases:
6. ὀλίγου δεῖν almost, ὀλίγοῦ ἐδέηςε καταλαβεῖν wanted but little of overtaking, id=Hdt.:—hence ὀλίγου alone, all but, almost, Od., attic; ὀλίγου ἐς χιλίους hard upon 1000, Thuc.
7. δῐ ὀλίγου (sc. χώρου) at a short distance, Aesch., etc.: also, δῐ ὀλίγου (sc. χρόνου) at short notice, suddenly, Thuc.:— δῐ ὀλίγων in few words, Plat.
8. ἐν ὀλίγῳ (sc. χώρῳ) in a small space, within small compass, Thuc.:—also, ἐν ὀλίγῳ (sc. χρόνῳ) in a short time, suddenly, Plat., NTest.
9. ἐν ὀλίγοις one among few, i. e. exceedingly, remarkably, Hdt.
10. ἐξ ὀλίγου ͂ δῐ ὀλίγου, of Time, Thuc.
11. ἐς ὀλίγον within a little, id=Thuc.
12. κατ̆ ὀλίγον by little and little, id=Thuc.; but the adj. often takes the gender and number of its Subst., κατ̆ ὀλίγους few at a time, in small parties, Hdt., Thuc.
13. μετ̆ ὀλίγον τούτων shortly after these things, Xen.
14. παρ̆ ὀλίγον within a little, almost, Eur.:—but, παρ̆ ὀλ. ποιεῖςθαι to hold of small account, Xen.
15. the adv. o)li/gws is rare, οὐκ ὀλίγως Anth.
16. Comparison:
17. the comp. is commonly supplied by μείων, ἥςςων or ἐλάςςων: the form ὀλίζων, ονος, is rare.
18. Sup. ὀλίγιςτος, η, ον, Il., attic:— ὀλίγιςτον or τὸ ὀλ., as adv., Lat. minime, Plat.; ὡς ὀλίγιςτα id=Plat.
1. of blessed lot, Il.
1. a destroyer, murderer, Il.:— fem. ὀλέτειρα, Babr., Anth.
1. having little power, in feeble case, powerless, Od.
1. able to do little, feeble, powerless, Il.
1. to slip, slip and fall, Il.; ἐξ ἀντύγων ὤλιςθε he slipped from the chariot, Soph.:—metaph. to make a slip, Ar.
2. to slip or glide along, Theocr.
1. any loud cry, mostly of a joyous kind (unlike Lat. ululatus), used by women invoking a god, Il., Hdt., etc.
1. of lamentation, lamenting, Hom.: —ὀλοφυδνά, as adv., Anth.
1. intr. to lament, wail, moan, weep, Hom., etc.
2. to lament or mourn for the ills of others, to feel pity, Hom.: c. gen. to have pity upon one, Il.
3. to beg with tears and lamentations, καί μοι δὸς τὴν χεῖρ̆, ὀλοφύρομαι id=Il.
4. c. inf., πῶς ὀλοφύρεαι ἄλκιμος εἶναι; why lament that thou must be brave? Od.
5. c. acc. to lament over, bewail, id=Od., Hdt., attic
6. to pity, Hom.
1. destroying, destructive, fatal, deadly, murderous, Hom., Hes., Aesch., Eur.:— ὀλοὰ φρονεῖν to be bent on ill, design ill, Il.:—comp. ὀλοώτερος id=Il.; Sup. ὀλοώτατος (used as fem.) Od.
2. in pass. sense, lost, dead, Aesch.
1. meaning mischief, baleful, Il.:—in Od. always of crafty, shrewd, men, not Greeks; such men being regarded as baneful.
1. the voice of a god (opp. to αὐδή, the human voice), Hom.; θείη δέ μιν ἀμφέχυτ̆ ὀμφή, of the voice of the dream sent by Zeus to Agamemnon, Il.; κατ̆ ὀμφὴν ςήν on hearing the sound of thy name (for the name of Oedipus had something awful in it), Soph.
2. a sweet voice, Pind.:— a voice, sound, Eur.
1. having a navel or boss, ἀςπίδος ὀμφαλοέςςης of the shield with a central boss, Il.; ζυγὸν ὀμφαλόεν a yoke with a knob on the top, id=Il.
1. the navel, Lat. umbilicus, Il., Hdt., etc.
2. anything central (like a navel):
3. the knob or boss in the middle of the shield, Lat. umbo, Il.
4. a button or knob on the horse's yoke to fasten the reins to, id=Il.
5. in pl. the knobs at each end of the stick round which books were rolled, Lat. umbilici, Luc.
6. the centre or middle point, as the island of Calypso is the ὀμφαλός of the sea, Od.; and Delphi (or rather a round stone in the Delphic temple) was called ὀμφαλός as marking the middle point of Earth, Pind., Aesch., etc.
1. to wipe:— Mid., δάκρυα ὠμόργνυντο were wiping away their tears, Od.; παρειάων δάκρῠ ὀμορξαμένη were wiping the tears from their cheeks, Il.
1. Act. to profit, benefit, help, assist, and, like Lat. juvo, to gratify, delight; absol. and c. acc. pers., Il., etc.; πολλὰ ὀν. τινα Od.; ὡς ὤνηςας ὅτι ἀπεκρίνω how you pleased me by answering, Plat.
2. Mid. to have profit or advantage, derive benefit, have enjoyment or delight, Hom., etc.; c. gen. to have advantage from, have enjoyment of, δαιτὸς ὄνηςο Od.; τί ςευ ἄλλος ὀνήςεται; what good will others have of thee, i. e. what good will you have done them? Il.; so, ὄναςθαί τι ἀπό τινος Plat.
3. aor.2 part. ὀνήμενος, = felix, ἐςθλός μοι δοκεῖ εἶναι, ὀνήμενος he seems to me noble, favoured by the gods, Od.
4. aor. opt. ὀναίμην, αιο, αιτο, in protestations and wishes, ὄναιο, Lat. sis felix! Eur., etc.; and c. gen., ὄναιο τῶν φρενῶν bless thee for thy good sense, id=Eur.; μὴ νῦν ὀναίμην may I not thrive (where βίου must be supplied), Soph.:—also in ironical sense, ὄναιο μέν τἄν you'd be the better of it! Ar.; ἁλςὶν διαςμηχθεὶς ὄναιτ̆ ἂν οὑτοςί he'd be very nice if he were rubbed down with salt, id=Ar.
1. reproachful, Hom.
2. dishonourable, Anth.
1. c. acc. rei et dat. pers. to throw a reproach upon one, cast in one's teeth, object or impute to one, Lat. objicere, exprobrare, Hom., etc.; also, ὀνειδίζειν τινὶ ὅτι . . to impute it to him that . . , Il., Plat.
2. omitting the acc. rei, to reproach, upbraid,
3. c. dat. pers., Il., Hdt.
4. c. acc. pers., ἔπεςίν μιν ὀνείδιςον Il.; τυφλόν μ̆ ὠνείδιςας (sc. ὄντα) did'st reproach me with being blind, Soph.
1. one occupied with dreams, a dreamer, or an interpreter of dreams, Il., Hdt.
1. to name or speak of by name, call or address by name, Il., Hdt., Xen.
2. of things, to name, specify, Il.
3. ὀν. τινά τι to call one something, Hdt., attic: in Mid., παῖδά μ̆ ὠνομάζετο called me his son, Soph.:—Pass., ὄνομα δ̆ ὠνομάζετο Ἕλενος id=Soph., etc.
4. εἶναι is often added pleon., τὰς οὐνομάζουςι εἶναι Ὑπερόχην καί . . whose names they say are Hyperoche and . . , Hdt.; ςοφιςτὴν ὀνομάζουςιν τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι Plat.
5. to name or call after . . , ἐπί τινι Hdt., etc.; ἔκ τινος Soph.:—Pass., ἀπὸ τούτου τοῦτο οὐνομάζεται hence this saying has arisen, Hdt.
6. to use names or words, μάλα ςεμνῶς ὀνομάζων Dem.
1. to name or call by name, and of things, to name, repeat, Hom.
2. simply, to utter, speak, Od.: c. inf. fut, to promise to do, id=Od.
3. to nominate, appoint, Il.
1. to be blamed or scorned, Il.
1. sharp-pointed, Il.
1. sharp-pointed, Il.
1. sharp, keen, Hom., Hes., etc.; ἐς ὀξὺ ἀπηγμένος brought to a point, Hdt.; τὸ ὀξύ the vertex of a triangle, id=Hdt.
2. of feeling, sharp, keen, ὀδύναι Il.; ὀξὺς ἠέλιος the piercing sun, Hhymn.; so, χιὼν ὀξεῖα, like Hor.'s gelu acutum, Pind.; μάχη ὀξέα keenly contested, Hdt.
3. of the sight, neut. as adv., ὀξύτατον δέρκεςθαι to be keenest of sight, Il.; so ὀξὺ νοεῖν to notice a thing sharply, id=Il.; ὀξὺ ἀκούειν to be quick of hearing, id=Il.
4. of things that affect the sight, dazzling, bright, of the sun, id=Il.; of colours, Ar.
5. of sound, sharp, shrill, piercing, Il.; and of the voice, ὀξὺ βοήςας, ὀξὺ λεληκώς id=Il., etc.
6. of musical tones, sharp, high, opp. to βαρύς, Plat.
7. of taste, sharp, pungent, acid, Xen., etc.
8. of smell, ὀξύτατον ὄζειν Ar.
9. metaph. of mind, sharp, keen: quick to anger, hasty, passionate, Il., Soph., etc.
10. sharp, quick, clever, Plat.; c. inf., ὀξ. ἐπινοῆςαι Thuc.; γνῶναι ὀξύτατοι Dem.
11. of motion, quick, swift, Ar.; [ἡ νόςος] ὀξεῖα φοιτᾷ καὶ ταχεῖ̆ ἀπέρχεται Soph.; ὀξὺς νότος id=Soph.
12. regul. adv. o)ce/ws, quickly, soon, Thuc., Plat.; but,
13. neut. ὀξύ and pl. ὀξέα as adv., v. supr.:—comp. ὀξύτερον Thuc., etc.; Sup. ὀξύτατον Il.; ὀξύτατα Plat.
1. to make to follow, send with one, give as a companion, or follower, ἐπεί ῥά οἱ ὤπαςα πομπόν Il.; πολὺν δέ μοι ὤπαςε λαόν gave me many subjects, id=Il.:—Mid. to bid another follow one, take as a companion, Hom.
2. also of things, κῦδος ὀπάζει gives him glory to be with him, Il.; then simply, to give, grant, Hom., Pind., Aesch.
3. to give besides, add, ἔργῳ δ̆ ἔργον ὄπαζε Hhymn.; ἔργον πρὸς ἀςπίδι ὤπαςεν put a work of art on the shield, Aesch.
4. like διώκω, to press hard, chase, Ἕκτωρ ὤπαζε Ἀχαιούς Il.; χαλεπὸν δέ ςε γῆρας ὀπάζει id=Il.:—Pass., χειμάρρους ὀπαζόμενος Διὸς ὄμβρῳ a torrent following, i. e. swollen with, rain, id=Il.
1. a comrade in war, an esquire, such as was Meriones to Idomeneus, Phoenix to Peleus, Il.
1. Dep., to regard with awe and dread, Lat. vereri, revereri, Hom.:—absol., ὀπιζόμενος a pious man, Pind.; χάρις ὀπιζομένα pious gratitude, id=Pind.
2. to care for, c. gen., Theogn.: —so in Act. ςώματος ὀπίζων Anth.
1. hindmost, Lat. postremus, Il.
1. of Place, backwards, opp. to πρόςω, Il.:—in Prose also τὸ ὀπίςω, contr. τοὐπίςω, Hdt., attic
2. back, back again, i. e. by the same way as one came, Od., Hdt.
3. again, ἀνακτᾶςθαι ὀπ. Hdt., etc.
4. c. gen., δεῦτε ὀπ. μου come after me, follow me, NTest.
5. of Time, hereafter, since the future is unseen or behind us, whereas the past is known and before our eyes, Hom.; ἅμα πρόςςω καὶ ὀπ. λεύςςει Il.; οὔτ̆ ἐνθάδ̆ ὁρῶν οὔτ̆ ὀπίςω neither present nor future, Soph.
6. ἐν τοῖςι ὀπίςω λόγοις in the following books, Hdt.
1. to follow, accompany, attend, τινί Il., Pind.
2. of things, ἀνεμώλια γάρ μοι ὀπηδεῖ [τόξα] useless do they go with me, Il.; ἀρετὴν ςήν, ἥ ςοι ὀπηδεῖ Od., etc.
1. to look around after, gaze curiously or anxiously at, c. acc., Hom.
2. to lie in wait for, watch, οὐ λάθρη ὀπιπτεύςας, ἀλλ̆ ἀμφαδόν Il.
1. to roast, broil, Hom., etc.; c. gen. partit., ὀπτῆςαί τε κρεῶν to roast some meat, Od.:— ὀπτᾶν was used of cooking by means of fire or dry heat, opp. to ἕψω to boil in water, which never appears in Hom.; and a Com. poet remarks that Homer's heroes ate only roast meat:—Pass., aor1 inf. ὀπτηθῆναι Od.
2. to bake bread, Hdt., Xen., Ar.:—also of bricks or pottery, to bake, burn, Hdt.
3. to bake, harden, of the sun, Bion.
4. metaph. in Pass. to be burned by love, Theocr., Anth.
1. roasted, broiled, Hom.
1. to marry, wed, take to wife, Hom., Hes., etc.
2. Pass. of the woman, to be married, Il.
1. at the time of late summer, ἀςτὴρ ὀπ., i. e. Sirius (cf. ὀπώρα 1), Hom.
1. the part of the year between the rising of Sirius and of Arcturus (i. e. the end of July, all Aug., and part of Sept.), the end of summer, Od.: —later it was used for autumn, though φθινόπωρον or μετόπωρον were the proper terms for autumn, Ar., Xen.
2. since it was the fruit-time, it came to mean the fruit itself, Soph., Plat.
3. metaph. summer-bloom, i. e. the bloom of youth, Pind.
1. χεῖρας ὀρεγνύς Il.: Mid., χεῖρας ὀρεγνύμενος Anth.
1. to reach, stretch, stretch out, Lat. porrigo, χεῖρ̆ ὀρέγων Od.; esp. in entreaty, id=Od.
2. to reach out, hold out, hand, give, Hom., Hes., etc.
3. Mid. and Pass.,
4. absol. to stretch oneself out, stretch forth one's hand, Hom.; ὀρέξαςθαι ἀπὸ δίφρου to reach or lean over the chariot, Hes.; ἔγχει ὀρεξάςθω let him lunge with the spear (from the chariot, instead of dismounting), Il.; ποςςὶν ὀρωρέχαται πολεμίζειν, of horses, they stretched themselves, galloped, to the fight, id=Il.; ὀρέξατ̆ ἰών he stretched himself as he went, i. e. went at full stride, id=Il.; ὀρωρέχατο προτὶ δειρήν stretched themselves with the neck (like Virgil's irasci in cornua, in clipeum assurgere), id=Il.:—of fish, to rise at the bait, Theocr.
5. c. gen. to reach at or to a thing, grasp at, οὗ παιδὸς ὀρέξατο he reached out to his child, Il.; also in a hostile sense, τοῦ Θραςυμήδης ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος ὦμον hit him first on the shoulder, id=Il.; so, ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος ςκέλος (sc. αὐτοῦ) id=Il.
6. metaph. to reach after, grasp at, yearn for a thing, c. gen., Eur., Thuc., etc.:—c. inf., πόλιν ὠρέξατ̆ οἰκεῖν Eur.
7. c. acc. to help oneself to, ςῖτον id=Eur.
1. to stir, raise, agitate, Hom.: metaph., θυμὸν ὀρίνειν id=Hom.:—Pass., ὠρίνετο θυμός his heart was stirred within him, Od.
1. stretched out, μελίαι ὀρ. pikes to be presented (not thrown), Il.
1. mountain-bred, Hom.
1. lying on mountains, mountainbred, of the Centaurs, Il.; of goats, Od.:—the Trag. form is ὀρέςκους, ουν, Aesch., Eur.
1. of the mountains, Νύμφαι ὀρεςτιάδες ͂ Ὀρεάδες, Il.
1. either to stretch oneself or struggle in the throes of death (from o)re/gomai), or (akin to ῥοχθέω), to gasp in the death-ruckle, Il.; of the heart, to palpitate, Ar.; of the sea, to stretch itself, i. e. roll up, to the beach, Theocr. (in doric inf. ὀρεχθῆν).
1. a mule, Il., Ar.
1. with straight horns, Hom.:—also of the two ends of a galley which turned up like horns, Il.
1. straight, Lat. rectus:
2. in height, upright, erect, Hom., Hdt., attic; ὀρθὸν οὖς ἱςτάναι, i. e. to give attentive ear, Soph.:—of buildings, standing with their walls entire, [τὸ Πάνακτον] ὀρθὸν παραδοῦναι Thuc.
3. in line, straight, right, ὀρθὸς ἀντ̆ ἠελίοιο right opposite the sun, Hes.; ὀρθὴ ὁδός Theogn.; ὀρθὴν κελεύεις, i. e. ὀρθὴν ὁδόν με κελεύεις ἰέναι, Ar.; δῐ ὀρθῆς (sc. ὁδοῦ) Soph.:—also, ὀρθᾷ χερί, ὀρθῷ ποδί straightway, Pind.; but ὀρθὸν πόδα τιθέναι is prob. to put the foot out, as in walking (cf. κατηρεφής I), Aesch.
4. βλέπειν ὀρθά, to see straight, opp. to being blind, Soph.; so, ἐξ ὀμμάτων ὀρθῶν, ὀρθοῖς ὄμμαςιν, Lat. rectis oculis, id=Soph.
5. metaph.,
6. right, safe, happy, prosperous:
7. from signf. 1, ὀρθὸν ἱςτάναι τινά ͂ ὀρθοῦν, to set up, restore, Pind., Eur.; so, ςτάντες τ̆ ἐς ὀρθὸν καὶ πεςόντες ὕςτερον Soph.; πλεῖν ἐπ̆ ὀρθῆς (sc. νεώς, the state being represented as a ship), id=Soph.
8. from signf. II, κατ̆ ὀρθὸν ἐξελθεῖν, of prophecies, id=Soph.; κατ̆ ὀρθὸν οὐρίςαι to waft in straight course, id=Soph.
9. right, true, correct, Pind., Aesch., etc.; ὄρθ̆ ἀκούειν to be rightly called, Soph.; ὀρθῷ λόγῳ strictly speaking, in very truth, Hdt.:—so in adv., ὀρθῶς λέγειν id=Hdt.; ὀ. φράςαι Aesch., etc.; ὀρθῶς ἔχει 'tis right, c. inf., Plat.:—Sup. ὀρθότατα Hdt.
10. real, genuine, Arist.:— ὀρθῶς, really, truly, Plat.
11. upright, righteous, just, Soph., etc.; κατὰ τὸ ὀρθὸν δικάζειν Hdt.:—adv. o)rqw=s, rightly, justly, Thuc.
12. of persons, steadfast, firm, Plat.
13. ἡ ὀρθή,
14. (sub. ὁδός), v. supr. II.
15. (sub. γωνία) a right angle, id=Plat., etc.
16. (sub. πτῶςις) the nominative, Lat. casus rectus.
17. adv. o)rqw=s, v. supr. III. 2-4.
1. to set straight:
2. in height, to set upright, set up one fallen or lying down, raise up, Il.; ὀρθοῦν κάρα, πρόςωπον Eur.:—of buildings, to raise up, rebuild, or, generally, to erect, build up, Eur., Thuc.:—Pass. to be set upright, Il., etc.: simply to rise from one's seat, stand up, Aesch., Soph.
3. in line, to make straight, Arist.:— Pass., ἢν τόδ̆ ὀρθωθῆι βέλος if this dart go straight, Soph.
4. metaph. (from signf. I) to raise up, restore to health, safety, happiness, Hdt., Aesch., etc.:—also to exalt, honour, Pind.
5. (from signf. II) to guide aright, Aesch.; ὀρθ. ἀγῶνας to bring to a happy end, id=Aesch.; ὀ. βίον Soph.:—Pass. to succeed, prosper, Hdt., Soph., etc.; τὸ ὀρθούμενον success, Thuc.:—of words and opinions, to be right, true, Hdt., Eur.; ἐν ἀγγέλωι κρυπτὸς ὀρθοῦται λόγος a secret message is rightly sent by messenger, not by letter, Aesch.
6. in Pass. also, to be upright, deal justly, id=Aesch.
1. to stir up, rouse, urge on, excite, Hom., Aesch.
1. to rise and rush violently on, to move quickly, rush on, hasten, dart forward, Hom., etc.
2. c. gen. objecti, to rush at, strive after, Pind.
3. c. inf. to be eager to do, id=Pind.
1. formed by digging, opp. to a natural channel, Il., Hdt., attic
1. a loud noise, din, Hom.; ὀρ. δρυτόμων the sound of wood-cutters, Il.; the rattling made by throwing a bundle of wood on the ground, Od.; of the roar of a torrent, Il.
1. orphaned, fatherless, Il.; ἦμαρ ὀρφανικόν the day which makes one an orphan, i. e. orphanhood, Il.
2. of or for orphans, Plat.
1. dark, dusky, murky, Hom., Eur., etc.
2. nightly, by night, Aesch.
1. to dance in a row, and generally, to dance, Hom., etc.; δώςω τοι Τεγέην ὀρχήςαςθαι will give thee Tegea to dance in or on, Orac. ap. Hdt.; c. acc. cogn., Λακωνικὰ ςχήματα ὀρχεῖςθαι to dance Laconian figures, Hdt.
2. trans. to represent by pantomimic dancing, ὀρχεῖςθαι τὸν Αἴαντα (as Horace, Cyclopa moveri), Luc.
3. metaph. to bound, ὀρχεῖται καρδία φόβωι Aesch.
1. a dancing, the dance, Hom.
1. a dancer, Il., Pind., etc.
2. a dancing-master, Plat.
1. the dance, Hom., Eur.
1. to dig a trench, etc., Hom., Hdt., attic; τὸ ὀρυχθέν ͂ ὄρυγμα, α trench, Hdt.
2. to dig up a plant, Od.: —Mid., λίθους ὀρύξαςθαι to have stones dug or quarried, Hdt.:—Pass., ὁ ὀρυςςόμενος χοῦς the soil that was dug up, id=Od.
3. to dig through, i. e. make a canal through, (like διορύςςειν), τὸν ἰςθμὸν ὀρ. Orac. ap. Hdt.; τὸ χωρίον ὀρώρυκτο id=Hdt.
4. to bury, ἔγχος ὀρύξας Soph.
5. πὺξ ὀρ., of a pugilist, to give a dig or heavy blow, Ar.
1. a smell, scent, odour, good or bad, Hom., Aesch.
1. Lat. os, ossis, a bone, Hom., Hdt., attic; λευκὰ ὀςτέα the bleached bones of the dead, Od.
1. -ως, quickly, readily.
1. quick, nimble, busy, ready, Hom., Ar.:—adv. -rw=s, = o)trale/ws, Od.
1. a cheering on, exhortation, Il.
1. to stir up, rouse, egg on, spur on, encourage, Il.; c. inf., ὀτρ. τινὰ πολεμίζειν id=Il.; γήμαςθαι Od., etc.; inf. omitted, ἦ τινα ὀτρυνέεις ἐπίςκοπον (sc. ἰέναι); wilt thou urge one (to go) as a spy? Il.:—Mid. or Pass. to bestir oneself, hasten, Od., etc.; c. inf., ὀτρυνώμεθ̆ ἀμυνέμεν ἀλλήλοιςιν Il.
2. of thing, to urge forward, quicken, speed, Hom., etc.
1. to owe, have to pay or account for, Hom., etc.; ὀφ. τινί to be debtor to another, Ar.; absol. to be in debt, id=Ar.:—Pass. to be owed, to be due, Hom., attic: of persons, to be liable to, θανάτωι πάντες ὀφειλόμεθα (as Horace debemur morti), Anth.
2. c. inf. to be bound, to be obliged to do a thing, Il., etc.:—Pass., ςοι ταῦτ̆ ὀφείλεται παθεῖν it is thy destiny to suffer this, Soph.; πᾶςιν κατθανεῖν ὀφείλεται Eur.
3. in this sense epic imperf. ὤφελλον, ὄφελλον and aor2 ὤφελον, ὄφελον are used of that which one ought to have done (ought being the pret. of owe), ὤφελεν εὔχεςθαι Il., etc.
4. these tenses are also used, foll. by inf., to express a wish that cannot be accomplished, τὴν ὄφελε κατακτάμεν Ἄρτεμις would that Artemis had slain her! (but she had not), Lat. utinam interfecisset! id=Il.; often preceded by εἴθε (epic αἴθε), αἴθ̆ ὄφελες ἄγονός τ̆ ἔμεναι O that thou hadst been unborn, id=Il.; αἴθ̆ ὤφελλ̆ ὁ ξεῖνος ὀλέςθαι Od.; —so with ὡς, ὡς ὄφελον ὤλέςθαι O that I had taken! Il.; ὡς ὤφελες ὀλέςθαι id=Il.; with negat., μηδ̆ ὄφελες λίςςεςθαι would thou hadst never prayed! id=Il.; so in attic:—in late Greek with Ind., ὄφελον ἐβαςιλεύςατε, for βαςιλεῦςαι, would ye were kings, NTest.
5. impers. ὀφείλει, Lat. oportet, c. acc. et inf., Pind.
1. the eye, mostly in pl., Hom., etc.; ἐλθεῖν ἐς ὀφθαλμούς τινος to come before one's eyes, Il.; ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖςιν before one's eyes, Lat. in oculis, Hom., attic; πρὸ τῶν ὀφθ. Aeschin.; ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν out of one's sight, Hdt.; κατ̆ ὀφθαλμούς to one's face, Ar.
2. in sg. the eye of a master or ruler, πάντα ἰδὼν Διὸς ὀφθ. Hes.; so a king is called ὀφθ. οἴκων Aesch.; and in Persia ὀφθαλμὸς βαςιλέως, the king's eye, was a confidential officer, through whom he beheld his subjects, Hdt., Ar., etc.
3. ἑςπέρας ὀφθ., νυκτὸς ὀφθ., of the moon, Pind.
4. the dearest, best, as the eye is the most precious part of the body, ὀφθαλμὸς Σικελίας id=Pind.; μέγας ὀφθαλμός a great comfort, Soph.
5. the eye or bud of a plant or tree, Xen.
1. on the brow of a rock, beetling, Il., ap. Hdt.
2. metaph. majestic, Anth.
1. the brow, eyebrow, Lat. supercilium, mostly in pl., the brows, Hom.; ἐπ̆ ὀφρύςι νεῦςε Κρονίων, i. e. ἐπένευςε ὀφρύςι, nodded assent, Il.; ἀνὰ δ̆ ὀφρύςι νεῦςεν ἑκάςτῳ made a sign not to do, Od.: used in phrases to denote grief, scorn, pride, τὰς ὀφρῦς ἀναςπᾶν Ar.; ὀφρῦς ἐπαίρειν Eur., etc.; τὰς ὀφρῦς ςυνάγειν to knit the brows, frown, Ar.:—on the other hand, καταβάλλειν, λύειν, μεθιέναι τὰς ὀφρῦς to let down or unknit the brow, Eur.
2. ὀφρύς alone, like Lat. supercilium, scorn, pride, Anth.
3. the brow of a hill, a beetling crag, Il., etc.
1. frequent. of ἔχω to uphold, sustain, endure, Od., Pind.; νηπιάας ὀχέειν to keep playing childish tricks, Od.; φρουρὰν ὀχήςω will maintain a watch, Aesch.
2. to carry, Eur., Xen.
3. to let another ride, to mount him, αὐτὸς βαδίζω, τοῦτον δ̆ ὀχῶ Ar.; of a general, to let the men ride, Xen.
4. Mid. to have oneself carried, to be carried or borne, Hom., Hdt., attic
5. absol. (without the dat. ἵππωι or νηί), to drive, ride, sail, [ἵπποι] ἀλεγεινοὶ ὀχέεςθαι difficult to use in a chariot, Il.
6. of a ship, to ride at anchor, λεπτή τις ἐλπίς ἐςτ̆ ἐφ̆ ἧς ὀχούμεθα ̆tis but a slender hope on which we ride at anchor, Ar.; so, ὠχεῖςθ̆ id=Ar.; cf. Plat.; so, ἐπ̆ ἀςθενοῦς ῥώμης ὀχεῖςθαι Eur. [In Pind. the first syll. is made long, when it was pronounced (and perh. ought to be written) ὀκχέω, v. o)/fis.]
1. conducting or drawing off water by a ditch or conduit, Il.: metaph., πνεῦμα ὀχ., of the flute, Anth.
1. anything for holding or fastening:
2. a strap for fastening the helmet under the chin, Il.
3. in pl. the fastenings of the belt, id=Il.
4. a bar to fasten the door inside, Hom.
1. to be sorely angered, to be vexed in spirit, Hom.
1. to move, disturb, ψηφῖδες ἅπαςαι ὀχλεῦνται (ionic for -οῦνται) all the pebbles are rolled or swept away by the water, Il.
2. to trouble, importune, Hdt., Aesch.:—absol. to be troublesome or irksome, Soph.
1. to move by a lever, to heave up, τὸν [λᾶαν] οὔ κε δύ̆ ἀνέρε ὀχλίςςειαν Hom.
1. after a long time, late, Lat. sero, Hom., etc.; ὀψὲ διδάςκεςθαι or μανθάνειν to be late in learning, learn too late, Aesch., Soph.
2. late in the day, at even, opp. to πρωί, Hom., Thuc., etc.; ὀψὲ ἦν, ὀψὲ ἐγίγνετο it was, it was getting, late, Xen.; so, ἐς ὀψέ Thuc.
3. c. gen., ὀψὲ τῆς ἡμέρας late in the day, Livy's serum diei, id=Thuc.; so, τῆς ὥρας ἐγίγνετο ὀψέ Dem.; ὀψὲ τῆς ἡλικίας late in life, Luc.
1. late-born, after-born, Hom.
2. of a son, late-born, born in one's old age, Hhymn.
3. later-born, i. e. younger, Hdt.: young, Theocr.
1. Desiderat. of ὁράω, to wish to see a thing, c. gen., Il.
1. to be late fulfilled, Il.
1. the, that
2. ὁ, ἡ, τό, is
3. demonstr. Pronoun.
4. the definite Article.
5. in epic, the relative Pronoun, when it is written with the accent ὅ, ἥ, τό ͂ ὅς, ἥ, ὅ. Besides the common forms, note epic gen. sg. τοῖο for τοῦ; pl. nom. τοί, ταί; gen. fem. τάων [α^], dat. τοῖςι, τῇς and τῇςι; dual gen, and dat. τοῖιν:— in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν . . , τοὶ δέ . . , for οἱ μέν . . , οἱ δέ . . ; dat. pl. also τοῖςι, ταῖςι: the dual has commonly but one gender, τώ for τά, τοῖν for ταῖν.
6. DEMONSTR. PRONOUN:
7. joined with a Subst., not as the Art., but like Lat. ille, ὁ Τυδείδης Tydeus's famous son, Il.; Νέςτωρ ὁ γέρων Nestor— that aged man, id=Il.; τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, id=Il.
8. without a Subst., he, she, it, ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε id=Il., etc.
9. pecul. usages,
10. before Relat. Pronouns, to call attention to the foregoing noun, ἐφάμην ςε περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅςςοι Λυκίκην ναιετάουςιν far above the rest, namely above those who . . , id=Il.
11. ὁ μέν . . , ὁ δέ . . , either in Opposition, ὁ μέν the former, ὁ δέ the latter), or in Partition, the one . . , the other . . , Lat. hic . . , ille . . .
12. absolute usages of single cases,
13. fem. dat. τῇ, there, on that spot, Hom.; τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇ Xen.:—with a notion of motion towards, thither, Il.
14. of Manner, τῇπερ in this way, thus, Od.; τῇ μέν . . , τῇ δέ . . , in one way . . , in another . . , or partly . . , partly, Eur., etc.
15. relative, where, for ᾗ, Hom.
16. neut. gen. τοῦ, therefore, id=Hom.
17. neut. dat. τῷ, therefore, id=Hom., Soph.
18. thus, in this wise, then, if this be so, on this condition, Hom.
19. neut. acc. wherefore, id=Hom., Soph.; τὸ δέ, absol., but as to this . . , Plat.
20. τὸ μέν . . , τὸ δέ . . , partly . . , partly . . , or on the one hand . . , on the other . . , Od., attic; τὰ μέν . . , τὰ δέ . . , Hdt., Soph., Thuc.; also, τὰ μέν τι . . , τὰ δέ τι . . , Xen.
21. with Prepositions, of Time, ἐκ τοῦ, epic τοῖο, ever since, Il.
22. πρὸ τοῦ, sometimes written προτοῦ, before this, aforetime, Hdt., Aesch.; so, ἐν τῷ προτοῦ χρόνῳ Thuc.
23. ἐν τοῖς is often used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖς θειότατον one of the most marvellous things, Hdt.; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι among the first, Thuc.
24. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, the indefin. being τὶς, τὶ, a or an. The use of as the Article sprung from its use as demonstr. Pron., τὸν ὀπίςτατον him that was hindmost, i.e. the hindmost man, Il.; τὸν ἄριςτον him that was bravest, etc.;— also with Advs. τὸ πρίν, τὸ πάρος περ, τὸ πρόςθεν, τὸ τρίτον, τὰ πρῶτα all in Il.
25. the true Article is first fully established in attic: it is omitted with prop. names and with appellatives which require no specification, as θεός, βαςιλεύς:—but it is added to Prop. Names, when there has been previous mention of the person, as Thuc. speaks first of Πειθίας, and then refers to him as ὁ Π.; or to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille, ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος Soph.
26. with Infinitives, which thereby become Substantives, τὸ εἶναι the being; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, etc.
27. in neuter, to specify any word or expression, τὸ ἄνθρωπος the word man; τὸ λέγω the word λέγω; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν the sentiment "ne quid nimis."
28. before Pronouns,
29. before the pers. Pron., to give them greater emphasis, but only in acc., τὸν ἐμέ, τὸν ςὲ καὶ ἐμέ Plat.
30. before the interrog., to make the question more precise, τὸ τί; Aesch., etc.; τὰ ποῖα; Eur.
31. Elliptic. expressions:
32. before the gen. of a prop. n., to express descent, ὁ Διός (sc. παῖς) ἡ Λητοῦς (sc. θυγάτηρ) often in attic; but sometimes, as appears from the context, to denote husband, brother, friend, wife:— then before a gen. it indicates all general relations, as, τὰ τῆς πόλεως all that concerns the state; τὰ τῶν Ἀθηναίων φρονεῖν to hold with the Athenians, be on their side, Hdt.:—so with neut. of possess. Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ ςόν what regards me or thee, my or thy business. But τὸ τινος is often also, a man's saying, as, τὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος Hdt.
33. with cases governed by Preps., οἱ ἐν τῇ πόλει, οἱ ἀπὸ (or ἐκ) τῆς πόλεως the men of the city; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα such an one and his followers, but also periphr. for the person himself.
34. on μὰ τόν, v. ma/ IV.
35. πορεύεςθαι τὴν ἔξω τείχους (sc. ὁδόν), Plat.; κρίναςθαι τὴν ἐπὶθάνατον, v. qa/natos I. 2; ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα) the morrow: —also with Advs., which thus take an Adject. sense, as, τὸ νῦν the present; οἱ τότε ἄνθρωποι the men of that time, also οἱ τότε, οἱ νῦν, etc.; τὸ πρίν formerly; τὸ πρόςθεν, τὸ πρῶτον, etc.; τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου, τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦδε from the present time, etc.
36. CRASIS OF ART.: —in Trag. with α^ make α_, as ἁνήρ, ἅνθρωπος, ἁλήθεια, ἁρετή, τἀγαθόν, τἀδικεῖν, τᾄτιον; so, οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, ἅνθρωποι, τἀγαθά, τἀκίνητα; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τάγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: —ὁ, οἱ, with ε become ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντος; but in one case α_, ἅτερος, θἄτερον, for οὔτερος (which is ionic); τῷ remains unchanged, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι:—ἡ with ε becomes α_, ἁτέρα: —ὁ, τό before ο becomes ου, as Οὕλυμπιος, τοὔνομα:—ὁ, etc., before αυ donot change the diphthong, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ; so, τὰ αὐτά ͂ ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί ͂ αὑταί: —ἡ before εὐ becomes ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια:—τῇ before ἡ becomes θη, as θἠμέρα: —τό before ὑ becomes θου-, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ.
1. a wayfarer, traveller, Od., Soph.; doric ὁδίτας, Theocr.
1. to go, travel, Il., Xen.
2. Pass. to be provided with thoroughfares, Strab.
1. a wayfarer, traveller, Aesch., Soph., Ar.;—in Il., a fellow-traveller, or guide.
1. a way, path, track, road, highway: ποταμοῦ ὁδός the course of a river, Xen.; the path of the heavenly bodies, Eur.
2. with Preps., πρὸς ὁδοῦ further on the way, forwards, Il. (cf. φροῦδος):—κατ̆ ὁδόν by the way, Hdt.;— ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ on his road id=Hdt.
3. a travelling, journeying, whether by land or water, a journey or voyage, Hom., etc.:—also an expedition, foray, Il.:—c. gen., τὴν εὐθὺς Ἀργοῦς ὁδόν the way leading straight to Argos, Eur.
4. metaph. a way or manner, θεςπεςία ὁδός the way or course of divination, Aesch.; ὁδ. μαντικῆς Soph.; λογίων ὁ the way, intent of the oracles, Ar.
5. a way of doing, speaking, etc., τριφαςίας ἄλλας ὁδοὺς λόγων three other ways of telling the story, Hdt.; ὁδὸν ἥντιν̆ ἰών by what course of action, Ar., etc.
6. a way, method, system; ὁδῷ methodically, systematically, Plat.
7. the Way, i. e. the Christian Faith, NTest.
1. an assembly, meeting, company, Il., Aesch., Eur.
1. a mist, fog, (not so thick as νέφος or νεφέλη), Il.; κονίης ὀμίχλη a cloud of dust, id=Il.
2. metaph. a mist over the eyes, Aesch.: darkness, gloom, Anth.
1. to meet,
2. in hostile sense, to meet in fight, τὼ δ̆ ἄρ̆ ὁμαρτήτην Il.
3. to go together, βῆςαν ὁμαρτήςαντες they walked together, Od.; οὐδέ κεν ἵρηξ κίρκος ὁμαρτήςειε could not keep pace with the ship, id=Od.
4. c. dat. to walk beside, accompany, attend, τινί Hes., Trag.:—also, to pursue, chase, Aesch.
5. of things, to attend, id=Aesch.
6. in Mid. c. acc. to go after or attack jointly, Il. Hence
1. assembled, ὁμηγερέεςςι θεοῖςι (epic dat. pl.) Il.
1. sameness of age, esp. of young persons; and as a collective, those of the same age, one's friends, comrades, Hom., Theogn.
2. addressed to a female, = o(mh=lic, o(mhliki/h de/ moi au)tw=| but thou art of the same age with myself, Od.
1. to be in company with, consort with others, c. dat. pl., Od., attic; also, ὁμ. μετὰ Τρώεςςιν Il.; ἐνὶ πρώτοιςιν ὁμιλεῖ is in company with the foremost, id=Il.
2. absol. to join in company, Od.; περὶ νεκρὸν ὁμ. to throng about the corpse, Hom.
3. in hostile sense, to join battle with, ὁμιλέομεν Δαναοῖςιν id=Hom.:—absol. to join battle, Il.
4. of social intercourse, to hold converse with, consort with, associate with others, c. dat., Hdt., Aesch.; ἀλλήλοις, μετ̆ ἀλλήλων, πρὸς ἀλλήλους Plat.:—of scholars, ὁμ. τινι to frequent a teacher's lectures, be his pupil, Xen.
5. absol. to be friends, Hdt.
6. of marriage, Soph., Xen.
7. of things or business which one has to do with, to attend to, busy oneself with, ὁμιλεῖν πολέμῳ Thuc.; πράγμαςι καινοῖς Ar.; φιλοςοφίᾳ Plat.:—then, much like χρῆςθαι, νομίζειν, Lat. uti, ὁμ. τύχαις to be in good fortune, Pind.; εὐτυχίᾳ ὁμιλεῖν Eur.; ἐκτὸς ὁμιλεῖ (sc. τῶν ὀργῶν), i. e. wanders from his right mind, Soph.
8. of the things themselves, πλαγίαις φρένεςςιν ὄλβος οὐ . . ὁμ. does not consort with a crooked mind, Pind.; κυλίκων νεῖμεν ἐμοὶ τέρψιν ὁμιλεῖν gave me the delight of cups to keep me company, Soph.
9. to deal with a man, ταῦτα ἡ ἐμὴ νεότης ἐς τὴν Πελοποννηςίων δύναμιν ὡμίληςε thus hath my youth wrought by intercourse with the power, Thuc.
10. of place, to come into, be in, visit, c. dat., Hdt., Aesch.
1. in groups or bands, in crowds, Lat. turmatim, Il.
1. from the same womb, born of the same mother, Il.
1. to make like, Lat. assimilare, τί τινι Eur., Plat.; πρὸς τὰ παρόντα τὰς ὀργὰς ὁμ. to make their feelings suitable to present circumstances, Thuc.:—Pass. to be made like, become like, Hom., Eur., etc.; in perf. ὡμοίωμαι, to be like, Plat.
2. to liken, compare, τί τινι Hdt., etc.; so in Mid., id=Hdt.:— in N. T. of parables.
3. in Mid. also to make a like return, Hdt.
1. to call out together, Od., Soph.; ὁμ. τινι to call or shout to, whether to encourage or upbraid, threaten, Il.;—c. inf. to command loudly, call on one to do, id=Il.
1. properly of several persons, a joint call; but of single persons, μεῖναι ὁμοκλήν to bide his call, Il.; with a sense of reproof, rebuke, Hom.
2. generally, harmony.
1. one who calls out to, an upbraider, threatener, Il.
1. properly gen. neut. of ὁμός,
2. of Place, at the same place, together, Il., Soph., etc.
3. together, at once, ἄμφω ὁμοῦ Od.; δυοῖν ὁμοῦ Soph.; αἶγας ὁμοῦ καὶ ὄϊς both sheep and goats, Il.; λιμὸν ὁμου καὶ λοιμόν Hes., etc.
4. c. dat. together with, along with, κεῖςθαι ὁμοῦ νεκύεςςι Il.; οἰμωγὴ ὁμοῦ κωκύμαςιν Aesch.
5. close at hand, hard by, Soph., Ar.: c. dat. close to, Soph., Xen.
6. rarely c. gen., νεὼς ὁμοῦ ςτείχειν to go to join my ship, Soph.
7. of amount, in all, εἰςὶν ὁμοῦ διςμύριοι Dem., etc.
8. ὁμοῦ καί just like, Xen.
1. one and the same, common, joint, Lat. communis, Hom., Hes.; ὁμὰ φρονεῖν to be of one mind, Hes.
1. to one and the same place, Il.; ὁμός̆ ἦλθε μάχη the battle came to the same spot, i. e. the armies met, id=Il.; ὁμόςε ἰέναι, like Lat. cominus pugnare, ὁμ. ἰέναι τοῖς ἐχθροῖς to close with the enemy, Thuc.; ὁμ. χωρεῖν; so, ὁμ. θεῖν, φέρεςθαι to run to meet, Xen.
2. metaph., ὁμ. ἰέναι τοῖς λόγοις to come to issue with the arguments, Eur.
1. held in equal honour, Il.; μακάρεςςι with the gods, Theocr.; c. gen. rei, τῆς ςτρατηγίας ὁμ. having an equal share in the command, Plut.
2. οἱ ὁμότιμοι, among the Persians, nobles of equal rank, the peers of the realm, Xen.
1. ὁμ. λόγοι Ar.
1. to unite: aor1 pass. inf. ὁμωθῆναι Il.
1. having the same name, Il., etc.; τινι with one, Thuc., etc.; τὸν ὁμ. ἐμαυτῷ my own namesake, Dem.:—as Subst., c. gen., ὁ ςαυτοῦ or ὁ ςὸς ὁμώνυμος your namesake, Plat.
2. of like kind, id=Plat.
1. of the same age, mostly of young persons, Od., Hdt., etc.
2. as Subst. an equal in age, comrade, Lat. aequalis, Od., Eur.
3. of like stature, Luc.
1. equally, likewise, alike, Lat. pariter, Hom., Trag.; πλῆθεν ὁμῶς ἵππων τε καὶ ἀνδρῶν was filled full both of men and horses alike, Il.; πάντες ὁμῶς all alike, Hom.
2. c. dat. like as, equally with, ἐχθρὸς ὁμῶς Ἀί̈δαο πύλῃςι hated like the gates of hell, Il.
3. together with, Theogn.
1. a hoof, the solid hoof of the horse and ass, Il., attic:—after Hom., like χηλή, the cloven hoof of horned cattle, Hhymn., Hes., etc.
1. to make or get ready, of meats and drink, Hom., Eur.:—Mid., δόρπον or δεῖπνον ὁπλίζεςθαι to prepare oneself a meal, Hom.; ὁπ. θυςίαν to cause a sacrifice to be prepared, Eur.
2. of chariot-horses, to get ready, harness, Il.; Mid. to get them ready for oneself, id=Il.:—Pass., of ships, Od.; of any implements, λαμπὰς ὡπλιςμένη ready for use, Aesch.; ὡπλιςμένος τινί furnished with a thing, Eur.
3. of soldiers, to equip, arm, Hdt., etc.:— also, to train, exercise, id=Hdt.:—in attic Prose, to arm or equip as ὁπλῖται, Thuc.:—Mid. and Pass. to prepare or equip oneself, accoutre or arm oneself, get ready, Od.; ὅπλιςθεν (for ὡπλίςθηςαν) δὲ γυναῖκες the women got ready [for dancing], id=Od., etc.;—c. inf. to prepare oneself to do a thing, Il., Eur.:—in Mid., also, c. acc., ὁπλίζεςθαι χέρα to arm one's hand, Eur.; ὁπλίζεςθαι θράςος to arm oneself with boldness, Soph.
1. youngest, Hom., Hes.—The orig. sense was perhaps (from o(/plon), those capable of bearing arms, opp. to the old men and children, Il.:— but it soon came to mean simply younger or youngest; then, as the youngest are the last born, ἄνδρες ὁπλότεροι also means the latter generations, men of later days, Theocr.
1. comp. without any Posit. in use, the younger, Hom.; ὁπλότερος γενεῇ younger by birth, Lat. minor natu, id=Hom.; fem. gen. pl. ὁπλοτεράων Il.
1. from which of the two, from whether of the twain, Il.
1. correlat. to ποῖος:
2. as relat., of what sort or quality, Lat. qualis, ὁπποῖόν κ̆ εἴπῃςθα ἔπος, τοῖόν κ̆ ἐπακούςαις as is the word thou hast spoken, such shalt thou hear again, Il.; οὔθ̆ οἷ̆ ἔπαςχεν οὔθ̆ ὁποῖ̆ ἔδρα κακά Soph.
3. in indirect questions, Od., etc.
4. with indefinite words added, ὁποῖός τις Hdt., attic; ὁπποῖ̆ ἄςςα of what sort was it, for ὁποῖά τινα, Od.;— ὁποιοςοῦν of what kind soever, Lat. qualiscunque, ὁποῖος δή, δήποτε, δηποτοῦν, and οὖν δή, attic
5. neut. pl. used as adv. like as, Lat. qualiter, Soph., Eur.
1. correlative to πόθι, where, Il.
2. in indirect questions, εἰπέμεν ὁππόθ̆ ὄλωλεν Od.
1. correlat. to πόςος,
2. like ὅςος, of Number, as many as, Lat. quot, quotquot, Hom., etc.; ὁπόςαι ψάμαθοι κλονέονται, καθορᾶς Pind.; πᾶςι θεοῖς, ὁπόςοι τὴν Διὸς αὐλὴν εἰςοιχνεῦςιν Aesch.; τοςαῦτα, ὁπόςα ςοι φίλον Plat.; ὁπόςους πλείςτους ἐδυνάμην Xen.:—in Prose ὁπόςος ἄν with subj., ὁπόςοις ἂν δοκῇ Thuc.
3. of Quantity, as much as, of Size or Space, as great as, Lat. quantus, ὁπόςςον ἐπέςχε as far as it spread, Il.
4. with indefin. Particles added, ὁποςοςοῦν, how great or much soever, Lat. quantuscunque, Thuc.; Ion. dat. pl. fem. ὁκοςῃςιῶν, Hdt.;—so, ὁποςῳδήποτε Dem.
5. in indirect questions, ἠρώτων τὸ ςτράτευμα, ὁπόςον εἴη Xen.
1. of Time, correlat. to πότε, much like ὅτε:
2. with the ind., when, Lat. quando, Hom.: —εἰς ὁπότε, with fut., when, by what time, λέγειν εἰς ὁπότ̆ ἔςται Aeschin.
3. with the opt. in reference to the past, whenever, to express an event that has often occurred, ὁπότε Κρήτηθεν ἵκοιτο Il., etc.:—also in oratio obliqua, Soph., etc.
4. in indirect phrases, ἴδμεν, ὁππότε Τηλέμαχος νεῖται when he is to return, Od.; with opt., δέγμενος ὁππότε ναυςὶν ἐφορμηθεῖεν Il.
5. in causal sense, for that, because, since, like Lat. quando for quoniam, Theogn., Hdt., etc.: so ὁπότε γε, Lat. quandoquidem, Soph., Xen.
1. as relat. which of two, whether of the twain, Lat. uter, Il., etc.:—properly in sg., but in pl. when there are several on either side, e. g. of two armies, id=Il., etc.:—also, ὁποτεροςοῦν Plat.
2. in indirect questions, Ζεὺς οἶδε, ὁπποτέρῳ θανάτοιο τέλος πεπρωμένον ἐςτίν Il.; ἀςαφῶς ὁποτέρων ἀρξάντων, for ἀςαφὲς ὂν ὁπότεροι ἂν ἄρξωςιν, Thuc.
3. either of two, Lat. alteruter, Plat., etc.
4. adv. o(pote/rws, in which of two ways, as relat., Thuc., etc.
5. also neut. ὁπότερον or -ερα as adv., in indirect questions, Lat. utrum, Hdt., Ar., etc.
1. To see:
2. absol. to see or look, Hom., etc.; κατ̆ αὐτοὺς αἰὲν ὅρα he kept looking down at them, Il.; ὁρόων ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον looking over the sea, id=Il.:— ὁρᾶν πρός τι, like Lat. spectare ad, to look towards, ἀκρωτήριον τὸ πρὸς Μέγαρα ὁρῶν Thuc.
3. to have sight, Soph.: hence says Oedipus, ὅς̆ ἂν λέγωμεν, πάνθ̆ ὁρῶντα λέξομεν [though I am blind], my words shall have eyes, i. e. shall be to the purpose, id=Soph.; ἀμβλύτερον ὁρᾶν to be dim-sighted, Plat.
4. to see to, look to, i. e. take heed, beware, ὅρα ὅπως . ., Ar.; ὅρα εἰ . . , see whether . . , Aesch., etc.
5. ὁρᾷς; ὁρᾶτε; see'st thou? d'ye see? parenthetically, esp. in explanations, like Lat. viden'? Ar.
6. c. acc. cogn. to look so and so, δεινὸν ὁρῶν ὄςςοιςι Hes.; ἔαρ ὁρόωςα Theocr.
7. trans. to see an object, look at, behold, perceive, observe, c. acc., Hom., etc.; αἰεὶ τέρμ̆ ὁρόων always keeping it in sight, Il.
8. poet. for ζάω, ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος hελίοιο Hom.; so, φῶς ὁρᾶν Soph.; and in Mid., φέγγος ὁρᾶςθαι Eur.
9. to look out for, provide, τί τινι Soph., Theocr.
10. the inf. is used after an adj., δεινὸς ἰδεῖν terrible to behold, Solon; ἔχθιςτος ὁρᾶν Soph., etc.
11. the Mid. is used by Poets just like the Act., Il., Aesch., etc.
12. Pass. to be seen, Aesch., etc.: also like φαίνομαι to let oneself be seen, appear, Plat.: τὰ ὁρώμενα all that is seen, things visible, id=Plat.
13. metaph., ὁρᾶν is used of mental sight, to discern, perceive, Soph., etc.; so blind Oedipus says, φωνῇ γὰρ ὁρῶ, τὸ φατιζόμενον I see by sound, as the saying is, id=Soph.
1. Act.
2. Causal, to set in motion, urge or push on, spur on, cheer on, Il., Hdt., attic:—Pass., ὁρμηθεὶς θεοῦ inspired by the god, Od.; so, πρὸς θεῶν ὡρμημένος Soph.
3. with a thing as the object, to stir up, πόλεμον Od.:— Pass., ὡρμάθη πλαγά was inflicted, Soph.
4. intr. to make a start, hasten on,
5. c. inf., ὃς ὁρμήςῃ διώκειν who starts in chase, Il.; ὁςςάκι δ̆ ὁρμήςειε πυλάων ἀντίον ἀί̈ξαςθαι whenever he started to rush against the gates, id=Il.: to begin to do, Hdt., Soph.
6. c. gen. to rush headlong at one, Il.; so, ὁρμᾶν ἐπί τινα Hdt., etc.; εἴς τινα, κατά τινα Xen.; ἐπὶ τὸ ςκοπεῖν id=Xen., etc.: also, ὁρμ. ἐς μάχην to hasten to battle, Aesch.; εἰς ἀγῶνα Eur.
7. absol. to start, begin, Plat.; αἱ μάλιςτα ὁρμήςαςαι [νῆες] the ships that had got the greatest start, Thuc.
8. Mid. and Pass., like intr. Act.:
9. c. inf., μὴ φεύγειν ὁρμήςωνται that they put not themselves in motion to flee, think of fleeing, Il.; so, διώκειν ὡρμήθηςαν id=Il.; ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὡρμήθη λέγεςθαι this account began to be given, was taken in hand, Hdt.; but, λόγον, τὸν ὥρμητο λέγειν which he purposed to make, id=Hdt.; and with the inf. omitted, μενεήναμεν ὁρμηθέντε we eagerly desired, Od.
10. c. gen. to hasten after, Hom.; so, ὁρμᾶςθαι ἐπί τινι Od.; ἐπί τινα Soph., etc.:—rarely c. acc. loci, νερτέρας πλάκας id=Soph.
11. to start from, begin from, ἐνθεῦτεν ὁρμώμενοι going out from thence to do one's daily work, Hdt.; so of a general, to make a place his headquarters or base of operations, id=Hdt., Thuc.; so, ὁρμ. ἀπὸ Σάρδεων Xen.; ἀπ̆ ἐλαςςόνων ὁρμώμενος setting out, beginning, with smaller means, Thuc.
12. absol. to rush on, Hom.:—generally, to hasten, be eager, Aesch.: to go forth, τὸ φέγγος ὁρμάςθω πυρός id=Aesch.; ὕβρις ἀτάρβητος ὁρμᾶται insult goes fearless forth, Soph.
13. in a really pass. sense, πρὸς θεῶν ὡρμημένος incited by the gods, id=Soph.
1. to be moored, lie at anchor, of a ship, Hdt., Eur., etc.:—proverb. phrases, ἐπὶ δυοῖν ἀγκύραιν ὁρμεῖν, v. a)/gkura; me/gas e)pi\ smikroi=s o(rmei=n to be dependent on small matters, Soph.
1. a violent movement onwards, an assault, attack, onset, Lat. impetus, Il., Hdt., Xen.
2. of things, πυρὸς ὁρμή the rage of fire, Il.; ὑπὸ κύματος ὁρμῆς by the shock of a wave, Od.; ἐς ὁρμὴν ἔγχεος ἐλθεῖν within reach of my spear, Il.
3. the first stir or start in a thing, an effort or attempt to reach a thing, impulse to do it, Hom., Hdt., attic:— μιᾷ ὁρμῇ with one impulse, Lat. uno impetu, Xen.; so, ἀπὸ μιᾶς ὁρμῆς Thuc.:—c. gen. objecti, eager desire of or for a thing, id=Thuc.
4. a start on a march, ἐν ὁρμῇ εἶναι to be on the point of starting, Xen.
1. to bring to a safe anchorage, bring into harbour, to moor, anchor, Od., etc.; οἴκαδε ὁρμ. πλάτην to bring the ship safe home, Eur.:—metaph. to put a child to sleep, Aesch.
2. Mid. and Pass. to come to anchor, lie at anchor, anchor, Hdt., attic:—metaph., ὁρμίζεςθαι ἐκ τύχης to be dependent on fortune, Eur.
1. to turn over or revolve anxiously in the mind, to debate, ponder, Lat. animo volvere, ὁρμαίνειν τι κατὰ φρένα or ἐνὶ φρεςί Hom.:—so also ὁρμαίνειν τι alone, to ponder over, meditate, πόλεμον, ὁδόν id=Hom.
2. absol., ὣς ὥρμαινε thus he debated with himself, Il.
3. foll. by a relat. clause, ἤ . . , ἤ . . , to debate whether . . , or . . , Hom.; ὁρμ. ὅπως . . , to debate, ponder how a thing is to be done, Il.
4. c. inf. to long, desire, wish, Theocr.
5. after Hom.,
6. to set in motion, θυμὸν ὁρμ. to gasp out one's life, Aesch.; to excite, urge, Pind.
7. intr. to be eager, to chafe, fret, Aesch.; part. ὁρμαίνων eagerly, Pind.
1. as many times as, as often as, Lat. quoties, Il.; relative to τοςςάκι, Od.
1. a wife, in gen. pl., ὀάρων ἕνεκα ςφετεράων Il.; contr. dat. pl., ἀμυνέμεναι ὤρεςςιν id=Il.
1. strong, mighty, Il.:—neut. as adv., ὄβριμον ἐβρόντηςε he thundered mightily, Hes.
1. eighth, Lat. octavus, Hom., etc.
1. any straight line, a furrow in ploughing, Il.: a swathe in reaping, id=Il.
2. metaph. the path of the heavenly bodies, Hhymn.; ὄγμος ὀδόντων a row of teeth, Anth.
1. Dep. to care for, take heed, regard, reck, always with a negat., Hom.
1. with like hair, Il.
1. Lat. ovis, sheep, both ram and ewe, Hom., etc.; but the gender is sometimes marked by a word added, ὄϊν ἀρνειὸν ῥέζειν θῆλύν τε to sacrifice a male sheep and a female, Od.
1. shrinking, hesitation, unreadiness, sluggishness, Il., Aesch.; ὄκνος καὶ μέλληςις Thuc.
2. alarm, fear, Aesch., Soph.
3. c. gen., τοῦ πόνου οὐκ ὄκνος [ἐςτί] I grudge not labour, Soph.
4. c. inf., παρέςχεν ὄκνον μὴ ἐλθεῖν made them hesitate to go, Thuc.; ὄκνος ἦν ἀνίςταςθαι Xen.
1. of persons, happy, blest, in Hom., always in reference to worldly goods, wealth, like Lat. beatus, Hom., etc.
2. of things, in neut. pl., θεοὶ δέ τοι ὄλβια δοῖεν may they give thee rich gifts, Od.; neut. pl. as adv., ὄλβια ζωέμεναι to live happily, id=Od.:—adv. -i/ws, Soph.; Sup. ὀλβιώτατος Hdt.; in later Poets, ὄλβιςτος.
1. happiness, bliss, weal, wealth, Hom., etc.
1. ruin, destruction, death, Hom., Trag., etc.; ὀλέθρου πείρατα, Like θανάτου τέλος, the consummation of death, Il.:— οὐκ εἰς ὄλεθρον; as an imprecation, ruin seize thee! Soph.:— χρημάτων ὀλέθρῳ by loss of money, Thuc.; ἐπ̆ ὀλέθρῳ Plat.
2. like Lat. pernicies and pestis, that which causes destruction, a pest, plague, curse, Hes.; of persons, Hdt.; so Oedipus calls himself τὸν ὄλεθρον μέγαν Soph.; ὄλ. Μακεδών, of Philip, Dem., etc.
1. Act. = Lat. perdo,
2. to destroy, make an end of, Hom., Trag.:—also of doing away with evil, ὤλεςεν νόςον Aesch.
3. to lose, θυμόν, ψυχήν, μένος, ἦτορ ὀλέςαι to lose life, Hom.; πόνον ὀλέςαντες having lost their labour, Aesch.
4. Mid., = Lat. pereo,
5. to perish, come to an end, Hom.; also c. acc. cogn., κακὸν οἶτον, κακὸν μόρον ὀλέςθαι to die by an evil death, Il.:— ὄλοιο, ὄλοιςθε may'st thou, may ye, perish! an imprecation, Trag.; so, ὀλοίμην, ὄλοιτο, ὄλοιντο, Soph.
6. to be ruined, undone, Hom., attic
7. of things, to be lost, Hom.
8. perf. ὄλωλα, in sense of Mid., to have perished, to be undone, ruined, Il., Aesch., etc.; τῶν ὀλωλότων of the dead, Aesch.
1. mostly in pl. ὄλυραι, a kind of grain, spelt or rye, Il., Hdt.; cf. ζειά.
1. the eye, Hom., etc.; κατὰ χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας Il.; ὀρθοῖς ὄμμαςιν ὁρᾶν τινα, Lat. rectis oculis aspicere, to look straight, Soph., etc.; οὐκ οἶδ̆ ὄμμαςιν ποίοις βλέπων πατέρα ποτ̆ ἂν προςεῖδον how I could have looked him in the face, id=Soph.; so, ὁρᾶν τινα ἐν ὄμμαςι id=Soph.; λαμπρὸς ὥςπερ ὄμματι to judge by his eyes or expression, id=Soph.; ἐς ὄμμα τινὸς ἐλθεῖν to come within sight of him, Eur.;— κατ̆ ὄμματα before one's eyes, Soph.; ἐλθεῖν κατ̆ ὄμμα face to face, Eur.; but κατ̆ ὄμμα, also, in point of eye-sight, Soph.:— ὡς ἀπ̆ ὀμμάτων to judge by the eye, Lat. ex obtutu, id=Soph.;— ἐν ὄμμαςι, Lat. in oculis, before one's eyes, Aesch., Thuc.; —ἐξ ὀμμάτων out of sight, Eur.
2. that which one sees, a sight, vision, Soph.
3. the eye of heaven, i. e. the sun, id=Soph., Eur.; but, ὄμμα νυκτός periphr. for νύξ (v. infr. V), Aesch., Eur.
4. generally, light, that which brings light, ὄμμα δόμων νομίζω δεςπότου παρουςίαν Aesch.; ὄμμα φήμης the light of glad tidings, Soph.:—hence, anything dear or precious, Aesch.
5. periphr. of the person, ὄμμα πελείας for πελεία, Soph.; ὄμμα νύμφας for νύμφα, Soph.; ξύναιμον ὄμμα for ξυναίμων, id=Soph.; ὦ ταυρόμορφον ὄμμα Κηφιςοῦ for ὦ ταυρόμορφε Κηφιςέ, Eur.
1. to swear, Hom.; c. acc. cogn., ὀμνυέτω δέ τοι ὅρκον Il.; ὅ τις κ̆ ἐπίορκον ὀμόςςηι whosoever swears a false oath, id=Il.
2. to swear to a thing, affirm or confirm by oath, ταῦτα δ̆ ἐγὼν ἐθέλω ὀμόςαι id=Il.; ὄμν. τὴν εἰρήνην Dem.
3. foll. by inf. fut. to swear that one will . . , Il., Soph.;—often with ἦ μέν or (in attic) ἦ μήν preceding the inf., καί μοι ὄμοςςον ἦ μέν μοι ἀρήξειν Il.; so by inf. aor. and ἄν, Xen.:—foll. by inf. pres. to swear that one is doing a thing, Soph.; by inf. perf. to swear that one has done, Dem.
4. absol. εἰπεῖν ὀμόςας to say with an oath, Plat.
5. with acc. of the person or thing sworn by, to swear by, ὀμόςαι Στυγὸς ὕδωρ Il.; ὀμωμοκὼς τοὺς θεούς Dem.;—rarely c. dat., τῶι δ̆ ἄρ̆ ὄμνυτ̆; Ar.:—Pass., ὀμώμοςται Ζεύς Zeus has been sworn by, adjured, Eur.
1. a dream, vision in sleep, opp. to a waking vision (ὕπαρ), Od., Soph., etc.; ὥςτε μηδ̆ ὄναρ ἰδεῖν, to express profound sleep, Plat.
2. proverb. of anything fleeting or unreal, ὀλιγοχρόνιον ὥςπερ ὄναρ Theogn.; παρέρχεται ὡς ὄναρ ἥβη Theocr.
3. ὄναρ as adv., in a dream, in sleep, ὄναρ ὑμᾶς καλῶ Aesch.; μηδ̆ ἰδὼν ὄναρ not even in my dreams, Eur., etc.; cf. ὕπαρ.
1. anything that profits or helps, Il.: advantage, aid, succour, Hes., etc.
2. a means of strengthening, refreshment, Od., Hes.; ςτιβάδεςςιν ὄνειαρ good for beds, Theocr.
3. in pl. ὀνεία^τα, food, victuals, Hom.; also of rich presents Il.
4. of persons, πᾶςιν ὄνειαρ id=Il.
1. reproach, censure, blame, Hom.; ὄνειδος ἔχειν to be in disgrace, Hdt.; ὄνειδός [ἐςτι], c. inf., Eur.; ὡς ἐν ὀνείδει by way of reproach, Plat.:—pl., ὀνείδη ἔχειν τὰ μέγιςτα id=Plat., etc.
2. matter of reproach, a reproach, disgrace, ςοὶ, μὲν δὴ κατηφείη καὶ ὄν., Il.; c. gen., τὸ πόλεως ὄν. the reproach of the city, Aesch.; ὄν. Ἑλλάνων Soph.; so, Oedipus calls his daughters τοιαῦτ̆ ὀνείδη id=Soph.
1. a dream, Hom., etc.
2. as prop. n. Ὄνειρος, god of dreams, id=Hom., Hes.; cf. ἐνύπνιον.
1. the dung of animals, Il.
1. Lat. nomen, a name, Hom., etc.:—absol., by name, πόλις ὄνομα Καιναί Xen., etc.; also in dat., πόλις Θάψακος ὀνόματι id=Xen.
2. ὄν. θεῖναί τινα to give one a name, Od.; but commonly in Mid., ὄν. θέςθαι id=Od., attic; and for Pass., ὄν. κεῖταί τινι Ar., etc.; ὄν. ἔχειν ἀπό τινος Hdt.
3. ὄνομα καλεῖν τινα to call one by name, Od., attic; so with pass. verbs. ὄν. ὠνομάζετο Ἕλενος Soph.; ὄν. κέκληται δημοκρατία Thuc.
4. name. fame, Ἰθάκης γε καὶ ἐς Τροίην ὄνομ̆ ἵκει Od.; τὸ μέγα ὄν. τῶν Ἀθηνῶν Thuc.; ὄνομα or τὸ ὄν. ἔχειν to have a name for a thing (good or bad), 2 opt., Thuc.
5. a mere name, opp. to the real person or thing, Od.; opp. to ἔργον, Eur., etc.
6. a false name, pretence, pretext, ὀνόματι or ἐπ̆ ὀνόματι under the pretence, Thuc.
7. ὄνομα is also used in periphr. phrases, ὄνομα τῆς ςωτηρίας, for ςωτηρία, Eur.; ὦ φίλτατον ὄν. Πολυνείκους id=Eur.
8. a phrase, expression, Xen.: generally, a saying, speech, Dem.
9. in Grammar, a noun, Lat. nomen, opp. to ῥῆμα, verbum, Ar., Plat., etc.
1. Dep., to blame, find fault with, throw a slur upon, treat scornfully, τι Hom.; ἦ οὔνεςθ̆, ὅτι μοι Ζεὺς ἔδωκεν; do ye complain that Zeus has given? Il.; c. gen., οὐδ̆ ςε ἔολπα ὀνόςςεςθαι κακότητος I hope thou wilt not quarrel with thy ill-luck (i. e. deem it too light), Od.; ὀν. τινα to throw a slur upon, Hdt.
1. an ass, Il., Hdt., etc.:—proverb.,
2. περὶ ὄνου ςκιᾶς for an ass's shadow, i. e. for nothing at all, Lat. de lana caprina, Ar., Plat.
3. ὄνου πόκαι or πόκες, v. po/kos II.
4. ἀπ̆ ὄνου πεςεῖν, of one who gets into a scrape by his own clumsiness, with a pun on ἀπὸ νοῦ πεςεῖν, Ar.
5. ὄνος ἄγων μυςτήρια, of one heavily laden, id=Ar.
6. ὄνου ὑβριςτότερος, of brutality, Xen.
7. ὄνου ὦτα λαβεῖν, like Midas, Ar.
8. ὄνων φάτνη a luminous appearance between the ὄνοι (two stars in the breast of the Crab), Lat. praesepe, Theocr.
9. from the ass as a beast of burden,
10. a windlass, pulley, Hdt.
11. the upper millstone, ὄνος ἀλέτης Xen.:—so, μύλος ὀνικός NTest.
12. a beaker, wine-cup, Ar.
1. Lat. unguis, in Hom. only in pl. of the eagle's talons;— of human beings, a nail, Hes., Hdt., attic:—of horses and oxen, a hoof, Xen.—Special phrases, εἰς ἄκρους τοὺς ὄνυχας ἀφίκετο (sc. ὁ οἶνος) warmed me to my fingers' ends, Eur.; ὄνυχας ἐπ̆ ἄκρους ςτάς on tiptoe, Lat. summis digitis, id=Eur.; ἐξ ἁπαλῶν ὀνύχων from childhood, Hor. de tenero ungui, Anth.; ὀδοῦςι καὶ ὄνυξι, i. e. in every possible way, Luc.
2. a veined gem, onyx, id=Luc.
1. by the same father, Il.;so, ὀπάτωρ, ορος, ὁ, ἡ, Anth.
1. of the gods,
2. in bad sense, ὄπις θεῶν the vengeance or visitation of the gods for transgressing divine laws, Hom., Hes.; without θεῶν, divine vengeance, Od.
3. in good sense, the care or favour of the gods, Pind.
4. of men, the regard which men pay to the gods, religious awe, veneration, reverence, οὐδὲ θεῶν ὄπιν ἔχοντας paying no regard to the gods, Hdt.; ὄπι ξένων in his reverence towards strangers, Pind.
1. of Place, behind, at the back, Hom., etc.; οἱ ὄπιθεν those who are left behind, Od.; also, τοὺς ὄπιςθεν ἐς τὸ πρόςθεν ἕξομεν shall bring the rear ranks to the front, Soph.; τὰ ὄπ. the rear, back, Il., Xen.:— εἰς τοὔπιςθεν back, backwards, Eur., etc.
2. as prep. with gen. behind, ὄπιθεν δίφροιο Il.; ὄπιςθε τῆς θύρης Hdt., etc.
3. of Time, in future, hereafter, Hom., etc.
4. ἐν τοῖςι ὄπιςθε λόγοιςι in the following books, Hdt.
1. the length of the outstretched arms, about 6 feet, or 1 fathom, Hom., Hdt. (who says that 100 ὀργυιαί make one stadium).
1. straight up, going upwards, steep, uphill, Hes., Eur.; ὄρθιον ἑτέραν (sc. ὁδὸν) ἐπορεύοντο Thuc.; so, ὄρθιον or πρὸς ὄρθιον ἰέναι to march up-hill, Xen.; πρὸς ὄρθιον ἄγειν to lead by a steep path, id=Xen.:— τὰ ὄρθια the country from the coast upwards, Hdt.
2. upright, standing, id=Hdt., Eur.:— esp. of hair, Trag.: of animals, rampant, Pind.
3. of the voice, high-pitched, loud, shrill, Trag.; neut. as adv., ὄρθια ἤϋςε she cried aloud, Il.; ὄρθιον φωνεῖν Pind.
4. νόμος ὄρθιος the orthian strain, a favourite air at Athens, Hdt., Ar.; ὄρθιος alone, Ar.
5. in military language, ὄρθιοι λόχοι were companies formed in column, opp. to a line of battle, Xen.
6. generally, like ὀρθός, straight, id=Xen.; ἤθη ὄρθια straightforwardness, Plut.
1. a bird, Il., Ar.
2. τὰ ὄρνεα the bird-market, Ar.
1. a bird, Hom., etc.; often added to the specific names, ὄρνιςιν ἐοικότες αἰγυπιοῖςιν Il.; λάρῳ ὄρνιθι ἐοικώς Od.; ὄ. ἀηδών, πέρδιξ Soph.; ὄ. ἁλκυών, ὄ. κύκνος Eur.
2. like οἰωνός, a bird of omen, from the flight or cries of which the augur divined, Hom., Soph.
3. metaph., like Lat. avis for augurium, the omen or prophecy taken from the flight or cries of birds, Hom., etc.:—then, generally, an omen, presage, without direct reference to birds, Il.
4. in attic, ὄρνις, is mostly a cock, ὄρνις, ἡ, a hen, Soph., Ar., etc.
5. in pl. sometimes the bird-market, Ar., Dem.
6. Μοιςᾶν ὄρνιθες birds of the Muses, i. e. Poets, Theocr.:— proverb., ὀρνίθων γάλα "pigeon's milk, " i. e. any marvellous dainty or good fortune, Ar.
1. radical sense to stir, stir up: esp.,
2. of bodily movement, to set on, urge on, incite, Il., Hes.: —c. inf., Ζεὺς ὦρςε μάχεςθαι urged him on to fight, Il.:—Mid., with perf. ὄρωρα, to move, stir oneself, εἰςόκε μοι φίλα γούνατ̆ ὀρώρηι while my limbs have power to move, Hom.; aor1 imperat. ὄρςεο, ὄρςευ, ὄρςο rouse thee! up! arise! id=Hom.:—in hostile sense, to rush on, rush furiously, Il., Aesch., etc.
3. to make to arise, to awaken, call forth, Il.; of animals, to rouse, start, chase, Hom.:—Mid. to arise, start up, esp. from bed, id=Il.; in perf. mid., ὤρορε θεῖος ἀοιδός Od.:—c. inf. to rise to do a thing, set about it, ὦρτο ἴμεν id=Il.; ὦρτο Ζεὺς νιφέμεν started or began to snow, Il.
4. to call forth, excite, Lat. ciere, of storms and the like, which the gods call forth, Hom., Aesch.; so ὄρςαι ἵμερον, φόβον, μένος, πόλεμον, etc., Hom.:—Mid. to break forth, arise, Lat. orior, Il.; ὄρνυται πένθος, ςτόνος, etc., id=Il.; δοῦρα ὄρμενα πρόςςω the darts flying onwards, id=Il.
1. a mountain, hill, Hom., etc.; pl. οὔρεα, id=Hom.
1. in collective sense, the reeds used for thatching houses, Il.
2. = o)rofh/, a roof, Orac. ap. Hdt., Aesch., etc.
1. a sapling, young tree, Il., Theocr.
2. anything made of such trees, a goad, Hes.; a lance, Eur.
1. the first of a row, a file-leader: then, generally, a leader, chief, Hom., Hes.
1. a row of trees or plants, Il.:— as collective noun, a garden, Od.
1. a rumour, Lat. fama, which, from its origin being unknown, was held divine, a word voiced abroad, ὄςςα ἐκ Διός Od.; personified as messenger of Zeus, Hom.
2. generally, a voice, Hes.
3. still more generally, a sound, of the harp, Hhymn.; the din of battle, Hes.
4. an ominous voice, prophecy, warning, Pind.
1. the two eyes, nom. and acc. with adj. in the pl., ὄςςε φαεινά, αἱματόεντα Il.; with Verb in sg., πυρὶ δ̆ ὄςςε δεδῄει id=Il.; a gen. pl. ὄςςων Hes., Aesch.; dat. ὄςςοις, ὄςςοιςι Hes.
1. Epic Dep., to see, ὀςςόμενος πατέρ̆ ἐςθλὸν ἐνὶ φρεςίν (so Shaksp. "in my mind's eye"), Od.
2. to presage, have foreboding of, κακά, ἄλγεα Hom.
3. to foretoken, id=Hom.
1. furtherance, advantage, help, used often (like opus) as an indecl. adj., αἴ κ̆ ὄφελός τι γενώμεθα whether we can be of any use, Il.; τί δῆτ̆ ἂν εἴης ὄφ. ἡμῖν; what good couldst thou be to us? Ar.; c. inf., τί ὄφ. ςώματι κάμνοντι ςιτία διδόναι; Plat.; c. gen., τῶν ὄφελός ἐςτι οὐδέν of which there is no profit, Hdt.; ὄφ. οὐδὲν γεωργοῦ ἀργοῦ Xen.;—but, ὅ τι περ ὄφελος ςτρατεύματος the serviceable part of the army, id=Xen.
1. a serpent, snake, Il., Hdt., Trag.:—metaph., πτηνὸν ὄφιν, of an arrow, Aesch.
1. Final and Temporal Conj. in ionic and doric Poets:
2. Final Conj., like ἵνα, ὡς, that, in order that, to the end that, Hom., Pind.
3. Temporal Conj., like ἕως, Lat. donec, so long as, while, mostly with imperf., ὄφρα μὲν ἠὼς ἦν Od.
4. with subj., it commonly has ἄν (κε or κεν) with it, Hom.
5. until, ὄφρα καὶ αὐτὼ κατέκταθεν till they too were slain, Il.; with subj., of future time, ἔχει κότον, ὄφρα τελέςςηι he bears malice till he have satisfied it, id=Il.; —but in this case, ἄν (κε or κεν) is commonly added.
1. adv., used to strengthen the Sup. ἄριςτος, ὄχ̆ ἄριςτος far the best, Il., etc.
1. older form of ὄχθος, a rising ground, a bank, dyke by the side of a river, Il.: mostly in pl. the raised banks of a river, Hom.; ὄχθαι καπέτοιο the banks of the trench, Il.; also the dunes or denes along the sea (cf. θίς), Od.
1. anything which bears, a carriage, Lat. vehiculum, Hdt., Aesch., etc.; by Hom. in heterocl. neut. pl. ὄχεα, ων, τά, of a single chariot, ἐξ ὀχέων Il.; and in poet. dat. ὄχεςφι, -φιν, id=Il.; later in masc. pl. ἐπ̆ εὐκύκλοις ὄχοις, of the Scythian waggons, Aesch.
2. τροχαλοὶ ὄχοι ἀπήνης the swift-running bearers of the chariot, i.e. the wheels, Eur.
3. anything which holds, νηῶν ὄχοι steads for ships, harbours, Od.
1. late, slow, τέρας ὄψ. a prognostic late of fulfilment, Il.:— late in the season, Xen., NTest.
1. look, appearance, aspect of a person or thing, Lat. species oris, aspectus, Il., Soph.; εἰκάζεςθαι ἀπὸ τῆς φανερᾶς ὄψεως Thuc.:—acc. absol. in appearance, Pind., attic
2. the countenance, face, Eur., etc.
3. = qe/ama, a sight, Aesch., Eur., etc.; ἄλλην ὄψιν οἰκοδομημάτων other architectural sights, Hdt.; τῇ ὄψει from what they saw, opp. to τῇ γνώμῃ, Thuc.
4. a vision, apparition, Hdt., Trag.
5. eyesight, vision, Hom., Hdt., attic: in pl. the organs of sight, the eyes, Soph., Xen.
6. view, sight, Lat. conspectus, ἀπικέςθαι ἐς ὄψιν τινί to come into one's sight, i. e. presence, Hdt.; εἰς ὄψιν τινός or τινὶ ἥκειν, μολεῖν, ἐλθεῖν, περᾶν Aesch., Eur.
1. properly, cooked meat, or, generally, meat, opp. to bread and other provisions, Hom., Ar.
2. anything eaten with bread or food, to give it flavour and relish, κρόμυον, ποτῷ ὄψον onions, a zest or relish to wine, Il.; ἐςθίουςι ἐπὶ τῷ ςίτῳ ὄψον Xen.
3. seasoning, sauce, Plat.; κολλύραν καὶ κόνδυλον ὄψον ἐπ̆ αὐτῇ pudding and knuckle- sauce withal, Ar.; λιμῷ ὅςαπερ ὄψῳ διαχρῆςθε, i. e. "hunger is the best sauce," Xen.
4. generally, dainty fare, in pl. dainties, Plat.
5. at Athens, mostly, fish, the chief dainty of the Athenians, Ar.
6. the fish-market, id=Ar., Aeschin.
1. demonstr. Pron., this, formed by adding the enclit. -δε to the old demonstr. Pron. τό, and declined like it: epic dat. pl. τοῖςδεςςι, τοῖςδεςςιν and τοῖςδεςι; ionic τοιςίδε:—ὅδε, like οὗτος opp. to ἐκεῖνος, to designate the nearer as opp. to the more remote; but ὅδε is also deictic, i. e. refersto what can be pointed out. This deictic force is more emphat. in the forms ὁδί, ἡδί, etc. [ι_], which belong to Com. and Oratt., and are never used in Trag.:
2. of Place, like French voici, to point out what is before one, Ἕκτορος ἥδε γυνή here is the wife of Hector, Il., etc.:—also with Verbs, here, ὅςτις ὅδε κρατέει who holds sway here, id=Il.; ἔγχος μὲν τόδε κεῖται here it lies, id=Il.:—in Trag., to indicate the entrance of a person on the stage, καὶ μὴν Ἐτεοκλῆς ὅδε χωρεῖ and see here comes . . , Eur.; ὅδ̆ εἰμ̆ Ὀρέςτης here I am—Orestes, id=Eur.
3. so also with τίς interrog., τίς ὅδε Ναυςικάᾳ ἕπεται; who is this following her.? Od.
4. in Trag., ὅδε and ὅδ̆ ἀνήρ, emphatic for ἐγώ; so, τῇδε χερί with this hand of mine, Soph.
5. of Time, to indicate the immediate present, ἥδ̆ ἡμέρα id=Soph., etc.; τοῦδ̆ αὐτοῦ λυκάβαντος on this very day, Od.; νυκτὸς τῆςδε in the night just past, Soph.
6. ἐς τόδε, elliptic c. gen., ἐς τόδ̆ ἡμέρας Eur.; ἐς τόδε ἡλικίης Hdt.
7. in a more general sense, to indicate something before one, οὐκ ἔρανος τάδε γ̆ ἐςτίν these preparations which I see are not an ἔρανος, Od., ; Ἀπόλλων τάδ̆ ἦν this was Apollo, Soph.
8. to indicate something immediately to come, ταῦτα μὲν Λακεδαιμόνιοι λέγουςι, τάδε δὲ ἐγὼ γράφω Hdt.
9. Adverbial usage of some cases:
10. fem. dat. τῇδε , of Place, here, on the spot, Lat. hac, Hom., etc.:—of Way or Manner, thus, Il., attic
11. acc. neut. τόδε, hither, to this spot, Hom.; δεῦρο τόδε id=Hom.
12. therefore, on this account, Od.; acc. neut. pl., τάδε id=Od.
13. neut. dat. pl. τοῖςδε and τοιςίδε, in or with these words, Hdt.
1. relat. adv., answering to demonstr. τόθεν and interr. πόθεν, Lat. unde, whence, from which, Hom., etc.:— also from whom, ὅθεν περ αὐτὸς ἐςπάρη from whom himself was born, Soph.
2. ὅθεν δή from whatever source, in what manner soever, Plat.
3. = o(/qi, ou(=, o(/pou, where, Il., Soph.
4. whence, wherefore, Eur., Plat.
1. relat. adv., answering to demonstr. τόθι and interr. πόθι, poet. for οὗ, Lat. ubi, where, Hom., Trag.
1. a round smooth stone, a roller, Il.
2. any round body: a mortar, Hes., Hdt.: a kneading-trough, Ar.
1. a noise, din, made by a number of people speaking together, Hom., Eur.; of a tempest, Il.
2. a noisy throng, id=Il.
1. any assembled crowd, a throng of people, Hom., Hdt., Aesch.: the mass of the people, the crowd, opp. to the chiefs, Il.; ὁ ψιλὸς ὅμ. the crowd of irregulars, as opp. to the ὁπλῖται, Thuc.
2. the throng of battle, Il.; πρώτῳ ἐν ὁμ., Lat. in prima acie, id=Il.: generally tumult, confusion, Hdt.
1. like, resembling, Lat. similis, Hom., etc.; proverb., τὸν ὁμοῖον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὁμοῖον "birds of a feather flock together, " Od.; so, ὁ ὅμοιος τῷ ὁμοίῳ Plat.:—comp. ὁμοιότερος more like, id=Plat.; Sup. -ότατος most like, Hdt., Soph., etc.
2. = o( au)to/s, the same, Hom.; ἓν καὶ ὅμ. one and the same, Plat.; ὁμοῖον ἡμῖν ἔςται it will be all one to us, Lat. perinde erit, Hdt.; ςὺ δ̆ αἰνεῖν εἴτε με ψέγειν θέλεις, ὁμοῖον Aesch.
3. shared alike by both, common, ὁμ. πόλεμος war in which each takes part, Hom.; γῆρας, θάνατος, μοῖρα common to all, id=Hom.
4. equal in force, a match for one, Lat. par, Il., Hdt.
5. like in mind, at one with, agreeing with, τινι Hes.:—hence (sub. ἑαυτῷ) always the same, id=Hes.; ὅμοιος πρὸς τοὺς αὐτοὺς κινδύνους Thuc.
6. τὸ ὁμοῖον ἀνταποδιδόναι to give "tit for tat," Lat. par pari referre, Hdt.; so, τὴν ὁμοίην (sc. χάριν) διδόναι or ἀποδιδόναι τινί id=Hdt.; τὴν ὁμοίην φέρεςθαι παρά τινος to have a like return made one, id=Hdt.; ἐπ̆ ἴςῃ καὶ ὁμοίᾳ (v. i)/sos II.2).
7. ἐν ὁμοίῳ ποιεῖςθαί τι to hold a thing in like esteem, id=Hdt.
8. ἐκ τοῦ ὁμοίου, alike, much like ὁμοίως, Thuc.; ἐκ τῶν ὁμοίων with equal advantages, in fair fight, Aesch.
9. of the same rank or station, Hdt.: οἱ ὅμοιοι, the peers, Xen., Arist.
10. Construction:
11. absol., as often in Hom., etc.
12. the person or thing to which one is like in dat., as with Lat. similis, Hom., etc.; also in gen.: —ellipt., κόμαι Χαρίτεςςιν ὁμοῖαι, for -κόμαι ταῖς τῶν Χαρίτων ὁμοῖαι, Il.
13. that in which a person or thing is like another is in acc., ἀθανάτῃςι φυὴν καὶ εἶδος ὁμοίη Od.
14. with inf., θείειν ἀνέμοιςιν ὁμοῖοι like the winds to run, Il.
15. foll. by καί, like Lat. perinde ac, Hdt., etc.
16. adv., often in the neuters, ὅμοιον and ὅμοια, ionic and old attic ὁμοῖον, ὁμοῖα, in like manner with, ὁμοῖα τοῖς μάλιςτα "second to none, " Hdt.; ὁμοῖα τοῖς πρώτοιςι id=Hdt.
17. alike, Aesch.
18. regul. adv. o(moi/ws, in like manner with, c. dat., Hdt., attic; ὁμ. καὶ . . Hdt.
19. alike, equally, id=Hdt., Aesch.
1. all the same, nevertheless, notwithstanding, still, Lat. tamen, Il., Soph., etc.:—often strengthened by other words, ἀλλ̆ ὅμως, Lat. attamen, but still, but for all that, Ar., etc.; ὅμως μήν, ὅμως μέντοι Plat.; ὅμως γε μήν, ὅμως γε μέντοι Ar.:—used elliptically, οἴςεις οὐδὲν ὑγιές, ἀλλ̆ ὅμως (sc. οἰςτέον) id=Ar.
2. in apodosis after καί εἰ or καὶ ἐάν, as tamen after etsi or quamquam, κεἰ τὸ μηδὲν ἐξερῶ, φράςω δ̆ ὅμως even if I shall say nothing plainly, yet I will speak, Soph.;—so, κλῦθί μου νοςῶν ὅμως (i. e. εἰ νοςεῖς, ὅμως κλῦθι), id=Soph.
3. to limit single words, Lat. quamvis, ἀπάλαμόν περ ὅμως helpless though he be, Hes., etc.
1. of Place, by which way, Lat. qua; also = o(/pou, where, Lat. ubi, Hom.; sometimes much like ὅποι, whither, Lat. quo, Hom., Hdt., Aesch.
2. c. gen., ὅπη γᾶς, Lat. ubi terrarum, where in the world, Eur.
3. of Manner, in what way, how, Hom., attic; ὅπη ἄν, with subjunct., like other Conjunctions, ὅπη ἂν δοκῇ ἀμφοτέροις Foed. ap. Thuc.:— ἔςθ̆ ὅπη or ἔςτιν ὅπη in any manner, in some way, Plat.
1. to prepare, Il.
1. a tool, implement, mostly in pl.:
2. a ship's tackle, tackling, Od., Hes.: esp. ropes, Od., Hdt.:—in sg. a rope, Od.
3. tools, of smiths' tools, Hom.:—in sg., ὅπλον ἀρούρης a sickle, Anth.; δείπνων ὅπλον, of a wine-flask, id=Anth.
4. in pl., also, implements of war, arms, Il., etc.:—rarely in sg., a weapon, Hdt., Eur.
5. in attic, ὅπλον was the large shield, from which the men-at-arms took their name of ὁπλῖται, Ar., Thuc., etc.:—then, in pl., heavy arms, Hdt., attic; ὅπλων ἐπιςτάτης ͂ ὁπλίτης, Aesch.; whence,
6. ὅπλα, ͂ ὁπλῖται, men-at-arms, Soph., Thuc., etc.
7. τὰ ὅπλα, also, the place of arms, camp, Hdt., Xen.; ἐκ τῶν ὅπλων προϊέναι Thuc.
8. phrases, ἐν ὅπλοιςι εἶναι to be in arms, under arms, Hdt.; εἰς τὰ ὅπλα παραγγέλλειν Xen.; ἐφ̆ ὅπλοις or παρ̆ ὅπλοις ἧςθαι Eur.; μένειν ἐπὶ τοῖς ὅπλοις Xen.; ὅπλα τίθεςθαι, v. ti/qhmi A. 1. 7.
1. an oath, Hom., etc.
2. mostly in pl., ὅρκια, τά, that which is sworn to, the articles of a treaty, Hom., etc.; ὅρκια πιςτὰ ταμεῖν (v. te/mnw II), Il.:—on the other hand, ὅρκια δηλήςαςθαι or ὑπὲρ ὅρκια δηλ. to violate a solemn treaty, id=Il.; ὅρκια πατῆςαι to trample on the treaties, id=Il.; so, ὅρκια ςυγχεῦαι, ψεύςαςθαι id=Il.
3. the victims sacrificed on taking these solemn oaths, id=Il.
4. a surety resting on oath, in sg., Pind., Ar.
1. the object by which one swears, the witness of an oath, as the Styx among the gods, Hom., etc.:—hence,
2. an oath, id=Hom., etc.; ὅρκος θεῶν an oath by the gods, Od.; ὅρκον ὀμόςαι to swear an oath, Hom., etc.; ὅρκον ἐπιορκεῖν to take a false oath, Aeschin.; ὅρκον διδόναι καὶ δέξαςθαι to tender an oath to another and accept the tender from him, Hdt., attic; ὅρκον ἀποδιδόναι to take an oath, ἀπολαμβάνειν to tender it, Dem.; so, ὅρκον διδόναι καὶ λαμβάνειν Arist.; ὅρκοις τινὰ καταλαμβάνειν to bind one by oaths, Thuc.; ὅρκῳ ἐμμένειν to abide by it, Eur.; εἶπαι ἐπ̆ ὅρκου to say on oath, Hdt.
3. Ὅρκος, personified, son of Ἔρις, a divinity, who punishes the perjured, Hes., etc.
1. stir, impulse, Ἑλένης ὁρμήματά τε ςτοναχάς τε longings and sighs [of the Greeks] for Helen, or, their struggles and sighs for her recovery (Ἑλένης being an objective gen.), Il.
1. a cord, chain, esp. a necklace, collar, Hom., attic
2. generally, anything strung like a necklace, a wreath, chaplet, Pind.; ςτεφάνων ὅρμος a string of crowns, i. e. of praises, id=Pind.
3. a dance performed in a ring, Luc.
4. a roadstead, anchorage, moorings, Il., Hdt., attic
5. metaph. a haven, place of shelter or refuge, Eur., Anth.
6. = e(/rma 1, Anth.
1. a boundary, landmark, and in pl. bounds, boundaries, Il., etc.:— the boundary between two places is expressed by putting both in gen., οὖρος τῆς Μηδικῆς καὶ τῆς Λυδικῆς Hdt.: generally, a boundary, limit, ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη οὖρον τῆς ζόης ἀνθρώπῳ προτίθημι I set 70 years as the limit of human life, id=Hdt.; metaph. of a woman's mind, Aesch.
2. in pl. marking-stones (ςτῆλαι, cippi), bearing inscriptions, Hdt.: in attic Law, stone tablets set up on mortgaged lands as a register of the debt, Dem.
3. a limit, rule, standard, measure, Plat., Dem., etc.
4. an end, aim, Dem., etc.
5. in Aristotle's Logic, the term of a proposition:—its definition, species: so, in Mathematics, ὅροι are the terms of a ratio or proportion, Arist.
1. quantus, of Size, as great as, how great; of Quantity, as much as, how much; of Space, as far as, how far; of Time, as long as, how long; of Number, as many as, how many; of Sound, as loud as, how loud; in pl. as many as, Lat. quot:—its antecedent is τόςος, after which ὅςος is simply as; τόςςον χρόνον, ὅςςον ἄνωγας so long time as thou dost order, Il.:—often the antec. is omitted, φωνὴ ὅςη ςκύλακος Od.
2. with τις, to denote indefinite size or number, ὅςον τι δένδρον Hdt., etc.
3. with Adjs. expressing Quantity, ὄχλος ὑπερφυὴς ὅςος prodigiously large, Ar.; θαυμαςτὸν ὅςον διαφέρει differs amazingly, Plat.;—so in Lat. mirum quantum, immane quantum.
4. with Sup., ὅςα πλεῖςτα the most possible, Hdt., etc.; v. infr. III. 4.
5. c. inf. so much as is enough, ὅςον ἀποζῆν enough to live off, Thuc.; ὅςον δοκεῖν enough for appearance, Soph.
6. with ind., ὅςςον ἔγωγε γιγνώςκω so far as I know, Il.; ὅςονπερ ςθένω Soph., etc.
7. followed by Particles: ὅςος ἄν how great soever, with Subjunct., Hom., etc.
8. ὅςος δή how much, ἐπὶ μιςθῷ ὅςῳ δή for payment of a certain amount, Hdt.:— ὁςοςοῦν, ionic -ῶν, ever so small, id=Hdt.
9. ὅςον and ὅςα as adv.:
10. so far as, so much as, οὐ μέντοι ἐγὼ τόςον αἴτιός εἰμι, ὅςςον οἱ ἄλλοι Il.; c. inf., ὅςον γ̆ ἔμ̆ εἰδέναι so far as I know, Ar.
11. how far, how much, ἴςτε ὅςςον περιβάλλετον ἵπποι ye know how much they excel, Il.;—with Adjs. how, ὅςον μέγα Hes., etc.
12. only so far as, only just, ὅςον ἐς Σκαιάς τε πύλας καὶ φηγὸν ἵκανεν Il.; εἰ μὴ ὅςον γραφῇ except only by a picture, Hdt.
13. in reference to distances, ὅςον τε, about, nearly, ὅςον τ̆ ὄργυιαν Od.; ὅςον τε δέκα ςτάδια Hdt.
14. with Adjs., ὅςςον βαςιλεύτερός εἰμι so far as, inasmuch as I am a greater king, Il.; ὅςον εἰμὶ κάρτιςτος how I am far the strongest, id=Il.: —so with Advs., ὅςον τάχιςτα attic; ὅςον μάλιςτα Aesch.
15. with negatives, ὅςον οὐ or ὁςονού, Lat. tantum non, only not, all but, Thuc.; ὅςον οὐκ ἤδη immediately, Eur.: οὐχ ὅςον οὐκ ἠμύναντο, ἀλλ̆ not only did they not avenge themselves, Thuc.:— ὅςον μή so far as not, save or except so far as, ὅςον γε μὴ ποτιψαύων so far as I can without touching . . , Soph., etc.
16. ὅςῳ, ὅςῳ περ, by how much, ὅςῳ πλέον Hes.; διέδεξε, ὅςῳ ἐςτὶ τοῦτο ἄριςτον Hdt.
17. ὅςῳ with comp. when followed by another comp. with τοςούτῳ, like Lat. quo or quanto melior, eo magis, ὅςῳ μᾶλλον πιςτεύω, τοςούτῳ μᾶλλον ἀπορῶ Plat.
18. ἐς ὅςον, ἐφ̆ ὅςον, καθ̆ ὅςον are often used much like ὅςον, εἰς ὅςον ςθένω Soph.; ἐφ̆ ὅςον ἠδύνατο Thuc.
19. ἐν ὅςῳ, while, Ar., Thuc.
1. any one who, anything which, i. e. whosoever, whichsoever, differing from o(/s, as Lat. quisquis, from qui, Hom., etc.; ὅντινα κιχείη whomsoever he caught, Il.; ὅτις κ ἐπίορκον ὀμόςςῃ whoso forswears himself, id=Il., etc.: —ἔςτιν ὅςτις, Lat. est qui, often with a negat., οὐκ ἔςτιν ὅτῳ μείζονα μοῖραν νείμαιμ̆ there is no one to whom I would give more, Aesch., etc.: —οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ everything, Hdt.
2. hardly different from o(/s, who, βωμόν, ὅςτις νῦν ἔξω τῆς πόλεώς ἐςτι the altar, which . . , Thuc.
3. in indirect questions, ξεῖνος ὅδ̆, οὐκ οἶδ̆ ὅςτις Od.:—in dialogue, when the person questioned repeats the question asked by τίς, as οὗτος τί ποιεῖς; Answ. ὅ τι ποιῶ; [you ask] what I'm doing? Ar.
4. neut. ὅ τι used absol. as a Conjunction, v. o(/ ti.
5. ἐξ ὅτου from which time, Soph., etc.
6. from what cause, id=Soph., Eur.
1. that, Lat. quod, after Verbs of seeing or knowing, thinking or saying, used in quoting another person's words, ἠγγέλθη, ὅτι Μέγαρα ἀφέςτηκε news came that Megara has revolted (where we say had), Thuc.; ἀποκρινάμενοι ὅτι πέμψουςι (where we say that they would send), id=Thuc.;— in orat. obliq., with opt., ἠπείλης̆ ὅτι βαδιοίμην I threatened that I would go, Ar.
2. pleonast. before the very words of a speech (where in our idiom the Conjunction is left out, its place being supplied by inverted commas), καὶ ἐγὼ εἶπον, ὅτι ἡ αὐτή μοι ἀρχή ἐςτι and I said: "I will begin at the same point, " Plat.
3. ὅτι in attic may represent a whole sentence, esp. in affirm. answers, οὐκοῦν τὸ ἀδικεῖν κάκιον ἂν εἴη τοῦ ἀδικεῖςθαι; Answ. δῆλον δὴ ὅτι (i. e. ὅτι κάκιον ἂν εἴη), id=Plat.; so in the affirmations conveyed by οἶδ̆ ὅτι, οἶςθ̆ ὅτι, etc., and in δηλονότι (i. e. δῆλόν ἐςτιν ὅτι) used as adv.
4. οὐχ ὅτι . . , ἀλλὰ or ἀλλὰ καὶ . . , not only, but also . . , Xen.; οὐ μόνον ὅτι ἄνδρες, ἀλλὰ καὶ γυναῖκες Plat.:— οὐχ ὅτι, not followed by a second clause, means although, οὐχ ὅτι παίζει καί φηςι id=Plat.
5. for ὅτι μή, v. o(/ ti II.
6. as a Causal Particle for that, because, seeing that, inasmuch as, Lat. quod, Hom., etc.
1. Lat. Ulysses, Ulixes, king of Ithaca, whose adventures after the fall of Troy are told in the Odyssey: epic Ὀδυ^ςεύς, aeolic gen. Ὀδυ^ςεῦς: acc. Ὀδυςςέα_, but the two last syll. form one in Soph. Cf. ὀδύςςομαι.
1. Oi_leus, a Locrian chief, fatherof Ajax the Less, Il.
1. Olympian as epith. of the Muses, Il., Hes.; of the Graces, Ar.
2. Ὀλ. ἐλαία the olive-crown of the Olympic games, Pind.
3. as Subst.,
4. the Olympic games, Hdt., Pind.
5. (sub. νίκη), a victory at Olympia, Hdt.
6. an Olympiad, i. e. the space of four years between the celebrations of the Olympic games; used as an historical date from about 300 B. C. The 1st Olympiad began 776 B. C.; the 293rd and last in 393 A. D.
1. Olympian, of Olympus, dwelling on Olympus, Hom., etc.; Zeus is called simple Ὀλύμπιος in Hom.; Ζεὺς πατὴρ Ὀλ. Soph.; ὁ Ζεὺς ὁ Ὀλ. Thuc.
1. the name of several Greek cities, the most famous being Ὀ. Μινύειος in Boeotia, Hom.
1. Olympus, a mountain on the Macedonian frontier of Thessaly.—Hom. makes it the seat of the gods, but distinguished from heaven (οὐρανός).
2. the name was common to several other mountains, each apparently the highest in its own district, in Mysia, Hdt.; in Laconia, Polyb., etc.
1. the hyacinth, Il., etc.;—a flower said to have sprung up from the blood of Hyacinthus or of Ajax; and the petals were thought to bear the letters αἰ, or αἰαι, Mosch.; hence the epithet γραπτά in Theocr. The hyacinth seems to have comprehended several dark blue flowers: Hom. speaks of dark hair as ὑακινθίνῳ ἄνθει ὁμοῖαι, and Theocr. calls it black.
2. a precious stone, of blue colour, not (prob.) our jacinth, but the sapphire, NTest.
1. to wax wanton, run riot, Od., Aesch., etc.; opp. to ςωφρονεῖν, Xen.
2. of over-fed horses or asses, to neigh or bray and prance about, Lat. lascivire, Hdt., Xen.
3. metaph. of a rapid rushing river, Hdt.
4. in dealing with other persons, ὑβρ. τινά to treat him despitefully, to outrage, insult, affront, maltreat, Il., Aesch.; more commonly, ὑβρ. εἴς τινα to commit an outrage upon or towards him, Eur., Plat.; ὑβρ. ἐπί τινα to exult over a fallen foe, Eur.
5. c. acc. cogn., ὑβρ. ὕβριν Aesch., Eur., etc.: —with a neut. adj., ὑβρ. τάδε to commit these outrages, Hdt.; so, τῶν ἀδικημάτων τῶν ἐς Ἀθηναίους ὕβριςαν id=Hdt.; and with double acc., ὕβριν ὑβρίζειν τινά Eur.:— hence in Pass., ὕβριν ὑβριςθῆναι id=Eur., Dem.
6. at Athens in legal sense, to do one a personal outrage, to maltreat, assault, Oratt.:—Pass., γυναῖκες καὶ παῖδες ὑβρίζονται Thuc.; ὑβριζόμενος ἀποθνήςκει he dies of ill-treatment, Xen.;—and of acts, τὰ ὑβριςμένα outrages, Lys.
7. perf. pass. part., of things, arrogant, ostentatious, ςημεῖ̆ ἔχων ὑβριςμένα Eur.; ςτολὴ ὑβριςμένη Xen.
1. a violent, overbearing person, a wanton, insolent man, Hom., Hdt., attic
2. opp. to ςώφρων, lustful, lewd, Ar., Xen.
3. of animals, wanton, restive, unruly, Eur., Xen.
4. of natural forces, ὑβριςτὴς ἄνεμος Hes.; ὑβριςτὴς ποταμός Aesch.
1. comp. and Sup. ὑγιέςτερος, -ατος:— sound, healthy, hearty, sound in body, Lat. sanus, ὑγιέα ἀποδέξαι or ποιεῖν τινα to restore him to health, make him sound, Hdt.; ὑγιὴς τὸ δῆγμα cured of the bite, Xen.
2. of condition, ςῶς καὶ ὑγιής safe and sound, in good case, Hdt., Thuc.
3. sound in mind, sound-minded, Eur., Plat.
4. of words, opinions, and the like, sound, wholesome, wise, Il., Thuc., Plat.: often with a negat., λόγος οὐχ ὑγ. Hdt.; μηδὲν ὑγιὲς φρονῶν Soph.; οὐδὲν ὑγ. λέγειν Eur., etc.
5. adv. u(giw=s, healthily, soundly, κρίνειν, Plat., Dem.
1. wet, moist, running, fluid, Hom., etc.; ὑγρὸν ἔλαιον, i. e. olive-oil, as opp. to fat, id=Hom.; ὑγρὸν ὕδωρ running water, Od.; ἄνεμοι ὑγρὸν ἀέντες winds blowing moist or rainy, as opp. to dry, parching, id=Od.
2. ἡ ὑγρά, ionic ὑγρή, the moist, i. e. the sea, Hom.; so, ὑγρὰ κέλευθα the watery ways, i. e. the sea, id=Hom.; and ὑγρά alone, opp. to ἀπείρων γαῖα, id=Hom.
3. τὸ ὑγρόν and τὰ ὑγρά wet, moisture, water, Hdt.
4. μέτρα ὑγρὰ καὶ ξηρά liquid and dry measure, Plat.
5. θῆρες ὑγροί water- animals, opp. to πεζοί, Anth.
6. soft, pliant, supple, lithe, Lat. mollis, of the eagle's back, Pind.; of youthful limbs, Plat.; ὑγρὰ ἔχειν τὰ ςκέλη, of a horse, Xen.; so of colts, γόνατα ὑγρῶς κάμπτειν, ὑγρῶς τοῖς ςκέλεςι χρῆςθαι (cf. Virgil's mollia crura reponit), id=Xen.; so, ὑ. ἄκανθος ( Virg. mollis acanthus), Theocr.
7. languid, feeble, of one dying, Soph., Eur.
8. of the eyes, swimming, melting, languishing, ὄμμαςιν ὑγρὰ δεδορκώς Anth., etc.
9. metaph. of persons, facile, soft-tempered, pliant, easy, Plut.: luxurious, ὑ. πρὸς τὴν διαίταν id=Plut.
1. rain, Lat. pluvius, Il., Hes., Ar.:— esp. a heavy shower, Lat. nimbus, whereas ὄμβρος, Lat. imber, is a lasting rain, and ψεκάς or ψακάς a drizzling rain, Xen., etc.
2. as adj. in Sup. ἄνεμοι ὑετώτατοι the rainiest winds, Hdt.
1. woody, wooded, Hom., Soph., Eur.; ἀταρπὸς ὑλ. a path through the wood, Anth.
2. dwelling in the woods, id=Anth.
1. a barking, baying, Il., Xen.
1. to bark, bay, howl, of dogs, Il., Ar.; of hounds, to give tongue, Xen.
2. metaph., κραδίη ὑλακτεῖ howls for rage, Od.; c. acc. cogn. to yell forth bold and shameless words, Soph.; ἄμους̆ ὑλακτῶν howling his uncouth songs, Eur.
3. trans. to bark at, τινά Ar., Isocr.
1. cutting or felling wood, Il.:— as Subst. ὑλοτόμος, a wood-cutter, woodman, id=Il., Soph.
1. pass. cut in the wood: τὸ ὑλότομον a plant used as a charm, Hhymn.
1. hymenaeus, the wedding or bridal song, sung by the bride's attendants as they led her to the bridegroom's house, Il., Trag.
2. a wedding, Soph., Eur.; and in pl., Soph., Eur.
3. = *(umh/n, Hymen, the god of marriage, addressed in wedding-songs, Ὑμὴν ὦ Ὑμέναῐ ἄναξ Eur.; doric Ὑμὰν ὦ Ὑμέναιε Theocr.
1. your, yours, Lat. vester, Hom., etc.; with a Pron. added in gen., ὑμέτερος ἑκάςτου θυμός the courage of each of you, Il.; ὑμέτερος αὐτῶν θυμός your own mind, Od.;— ὑμέτερόνδε to your house, Il.:— τὸ ὑμέτερον your part, your business, Hdt.; τὸ δ̆ ὑμ. πρᾶξαι your character is to do so and so, Thuc.:—with the Article, αἱ ὑμέτεραι ἐλπίδες hopes raised by you, id=Thuc.; τῇ ὑμ. παρακελεύςει for the purpose of advising you, Plat.
1. your, Hom., Hes.
2. in Pind. also for ςός.
1. trans. to lead or bring under, ὕπαγε ζυγὸν ἵππους bring them under the yoke, Il.; simply, ὑπάγειν ἡμιόνους Od.
2. metaph. to bring under one's power, Hdt., Luc.:—Mid. to bring under one's own power, reduce, Thuc.
3. to bring a person before the judgment-seat (the ὑπό refers to his being set beneath the judge's seat), Hdt.; ὑπ. τινὰ εἰς δίκην Thuc.; ὑπ. τινὰ θανάτου on a capital charge, Xen.
4. to lead slowly on, to lead on by degrees, τὰς κύνας id=Xen.:— to lead on by art or deceit, Hdt., Xen.; ὑπ. τινὰ εἰς ἐλπίδα Eur.:—so in Mid., Xen.; ὑπ. τοὺς Θηβαίους to win them, Dem.:—in Mid. also to suggest a thing so as to lead a person on, Eur., Xen.
5. to take away from under, withdraw, Il.: Pass., ὑπαγομένου τοῦ χώματος Thuc.
6. to draw off, τὸ ςτράτευμα id=Thuc.
7. intr., of an army, to draw off or retire slowly, Hdt., Thuc.
8. to go slowly forwards, draw on, ὕπαγ̆ ὦ, ὕπαγ̆ ὦ on with you ! Eur.; ὕπαγε, τί μέλλεις; Ar.:—of an army, to come gradually on, Xen.
1. a shunning, escape, Hom.
1. poet. prep. with gen. out from under, from beneath, away from, Il.
1. underneath, beneath, Hom., Ar.
2. under the earth, in the nether world, Lat. apud inferos, Od.
3. as prep., c. gen., under, beneath, Hom., Pind.
1. over, above, w. gen, over, beyond, w. acc.
2. Lat. super:—hence are formed comp. and Sup. ὑπέρτερος, -τατος.
3. WITH GENIT.,
4. of Place, over, above:
5. in a state of rest, ςτέρνον ὑπὲρ μαζοῖο Il.; ὑπὲρ κεφαλῆς ςτῆναί τινι to stand over his head, Hom.: of countries, above, further inland, οἰκέοντες ὑπὲρ Ἁλικαρνηςςοῦ μεςόγαιαν Hdt.
6. in a state of motion, over, across, ὑπὲρ θαλάςςης καὶ χθονὸς ποτωμένοις Aesch.
7. over, beyond, ὑπὲρ πόντου Od.
8. metaph., from the notion of standing over to protect, for, for defence of, in behalf of, ἑκατόμβην ῥέξαι ὑπὲρ Δαναῶν Il.; θύειν ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως Xen.; ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος ἀμύνειν to fight for one's country, etc.
9. for the sake of a person or thing, λίςςεςθαι ὑπὲρ τοκέων, ὑ. πατρὸς καὶ μητρός Il.
10. c. inf. for the purpose of, ὑπὲρ τοῦ μηδένα ἀποθνήςκειν to prevent any one from dying, Xen.
11. for, instead of, in the name of, ὑπὲρ ἑαυτοῦ Thuc.; ςτρατηγῶν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν acting as general by commission from you, Dem.
12. like περί, on, of, concerning, Lat. de, ὑπὲρ ςέθεν αἴςχεα ἀκούω Il.; τὰ λεγόμενα ὑπέρ τινος Hdt.
13. WITH ACC., expressing that over and beyond which a thing goes,
14. of Place, over, beyond, Hom., Plat.
15. of Measure, over, above, exceeding, beyond, ὑπὲρ τὸ βέλτιςτον Aesch.; ὑπὲρ ἐλπίδα Soph., etc.
16. of transgression, beyond, contrary to, ὑπὲρ αἶςαν, ὑπὲρ μοῖραν, ὑπὲρ ὅρκια Il.
17. of Number, above, upwards of, ὑπὲρ τεςςεράκοντα Hdt., Xen.; ὑπὲρ τὸ ἥμιςυ more than half, Xen.
18. of Time, beyond, i. e. before, earlier than, ὁ ὑπὲρ τὰ Μηδικὰ πόλεμος Thuc.
19. POSITION: ὑπέρ may follow its Subst., but then by anastrophe becomes ὕπερ, Hom., Trag.
20. AS ADV. over much, above measure, ὑπὲρ μὲν ἄγαν Eur.; written ὑπεράγαν, Strab., etc.
21. IN COMPOS.,
22. of Place, over, beyond, in ὑπερ-βαίνω, ὑπερ-πόντιος.
23. for, in defence of, in ὑπερ-αςπίζω, ὑπερ-αλγέω.
24. above measure, in ὑπερ-ήφανος, ὑπερ-φίαλος.
1. of overwhelming strength or might, Pind.
2. in bad sense, overweening, lawless, wanton, Hom.:—neut. ὑπέρβιον as adv., Il.
1. high-spirited, high-minded, daring, Hom., Hes., etc.
2. in bad sense, overdaring, overweening, Hes. — overspirited, of a horse, Xen.
3. vehemently angry:—adv., ὑπερθύμως ἄγαν in over- vehement wrath, Aesch.
1. ὑπὲρ μόρον.
1. proudly trusting in force of arms, defiant, presumptuous, ὑπέροπλον εἰπεῖν (as adv.) to speak defiantly, presumptuously, Il.; ἠνορέη, βίη ὑπέροπλος Hes.
2. of conditions, excessive, overwhelming, Pind.
1. prominent, eminent, distinguished above others, c. gen., Il.; absol., Hdt.; ὑπέροχος βία overbearing force, Soph.
1. uppermost, highest, supreme, Il., etc.
2. of age, eldest, Pind.
1. over or above, upper, κρέα ὑπέρτερα flesh from the outer parts of a victim, opp. to the ςπλάγχνα or inwards, Od.
2. metaph. higher, nobler, more excellent, Il.: stronger, mightier, Soph.
3. c. gen. victorious or triumphant over, Pind., Eur.; οὐδὲν οἶδ̆ ὑπέρτερον I know nothing further, more certain, Soph.
4. neut. as adv., better than, c. gen., id=Soph.
1. Dep. with aor2 and perf. act.:— to go or come under, enter, Lat. subire, c. acc., Od., Aesch.
2. of involuntary feelings, to come upon, steal over one, c. acc., Τρῶας τρόμος ὑπήλυθε Il.; ὑπῆλθέ με φόβος Soph., etc.
3. of persons, to creep into another's good graces, to fawn on, cringe to, c. acc., Ar., Plat.
4. to undermine, beguile, Soph., Eur.
5. to advance slowly, of an army, Xen.
1. to hold or put under, ὑποςχὼν θηλέας ἵππους (cf. Virgil supposita de matre), Il.: to hold out the hand to receive something, id=Il., Dem.: to hold a cup under another vessel, while something is poured into it, Hdt., Ar.; ὑπ. μαςτόν, of the mother giving suck, Eur.
2. to supply, afford, furnish, Pind.; ὑπ. τινί [φόβον] to occasion him fear, Thuc.:— ὑπ. ἑαυτόν submit oneself to another, Xen., Plat.
3. to uphold, support, c. acc., Hdt.
4. Lat. sustinere, to undergo, be subject to, suffer, Soph., Eur.; ὑπ. δίκην τινός to have to give an account of a thing, Hdt., attic; ὑπ. δίκην to undergo a trial, Thuc.; ὑπ. λόγον τινί to render account to another, Plat., Xen., etc.
5. to sustain, maintain, λόγον an argument, Arist.
1. to dart beneath, c. acc., Il.
2. to dart from under, c. gen., id=Il.:—also, ὑπᾴξας διὰ θυρῶν Soph.
1. to avoid, shun, flee from, escape, Hom.
1. to come or go to meet, step forth to meet, encounter, absol., Il., Aesch., etc.: c. dat., Aesch., Xen., etc; also c. acc., Hdt., Plut.
1. under shield, covered with a shield, τὸν ὑπ. κόςμον the arms of Ajax, Soph.; ὑπ. κοῖτον ἰαύειν to sleep an armed sleep, sleep in arms, Eur.: neut. pl. ὑπαςπίδια as adv., Il.
1. to retire, withdraw, depart, νεῶν from the ships, Il.; ὑπ. τινὶ ἕδρης to retire from one's seat for another (cf. ὑπανίςταμαι), Od.; ὑπ. τινὶ λόγων, i. e. to allow him to speak first, Xen.
2. to yield, give way, τιμαῖς ὑπ. to give way to authority, Soph.; ὑπ. τινί Xen.: absol. to give way, comply, Hom., etc.; τὸ ὑπεῖκον, ͂ οἱ ὑπείκοντες, Eur.:—c. inf., νῶν ὑπεῖκε τὸν καςίγνητον μολεῖν concede to us that he may come, Soph.
3. c. acc., χεῖρας ἐμὰς ὑπόειξε he scaped my hands, Il.
1. used when a long syll. is needed before a vowel, e. g. ὑπεὶρ ἅλα Hom.
1. to run forth from under, outstrip, Il.:—absol. to run on before, Hom.
1. to flee away secretly, escape and flee, Hom.
1. to carry out a little, ὑπεξέφερεν ςάκος lifted it a little outwards, so that Teucer could take shelter under it, Il.
2. to carry out from under, υἱὸν ὑπεξέφερε πολέμοιο id=Il.: to carry away, bear onward, Od.
3. intr., ὑπ. ἡμέρης ὁδῷ to get the start by a day's journey, Hdt.
1. to flee away or escape secretly, Hom., Soph.
2. mostly c. acc. to escape from, Il., Thuc.
1. he hangs down his head, stands with head hung down, Il.
1. to come up from under, emerge, ὑπεξαναδὺς ἁλός Il.; ὑπ. κεφαλῇ to duck or stoop so as to avoid a blow, Theocr.
1. Dep.:— to leap over or beyond, c. gen., Il.; also c. acc., id=Il.; so Xen.
1. to eat away from under, κονίην ὑπέρεπτε ποδοῖιν Il.
1. to hold one thing over another, τί τινος Il., Ar.; ὑπ. χεῖρά τινος to hold the hand over him, so as to protect, Il., Theogn.; also c. dat. pers., Hom.
2. to have or hold above, ὑπείρεχεν εὐρέας ὤμους he had his broad shoulders above the rest, i. e. over-topped them by the head and shoulders, Il.
3. intr. to be above, rise above the horizon, Od.: to be above water or the ground, Hdt.;—c. gen., ὑπερέςχεθε γαίης rose above, overlooked the earth, Il.; [ςταυροὺς] οὐχ ὑπερέχοντας τῆς θαλάςςης Thuc., etc.
4. in military phrase, to outflank, c. gen., Xen.
5. metaph. to overtop, exceed, outdo, c. acc., Aesch., Eur.:—also c. gen., Plat., etc.
6. absol. to overtop the rest, be prominent, Hdt., Xen.: to prevail, οἱ ὑπερςχόντες the more powerful, Aesch.; ἐὰν ἡ θάλαττα ὑπέρςχῃ to be too powerful, Dem.
7. c. gen. rei, to rise above, Ar.
8. c. acc. to get over, cross, Thuc.
1. blowing hard, Il.
1. to throw over or beyond a mark, to overshoot, c. acc., Il.
2. ὅτε μέλλοι ἄκρον [λόφον] ὑπερβαλέειν when he was just about to force the stone over the top, Od.
3. intr. to run beyond, overrun the scent, of hounds, Xen.
4. to outstrip or pass, τινάς Soph.
5. metaph.:
6. to overshoot, outdo, surpass, prevail over, c. gen., βροντῆς ὑπερβάλλοντα κτύπον Aesch.; also c. acc., ὑπ. τινά τινι to outdo one in a thing, Eur.
7. to go beyond, exceed, c. acc., Hes., etc.; ὑπ. ἑκατὸν ἔτεα to exceed 100 years, in age, Hdt.; ὑπ. τὸν χρόνον, i. e. be too late, Xen.:—also c. gen., Plat.
8. absol. to exceed all bounds, Aesch., Eur., etc.; οὐχ ὑπερβαλών keeping within bounds, Pind.: to be in excess, Arist.:—often in part., ὑπερβάλλων, ουςα, ον, exceeding, excessive, Aesch., Plat.; τὰ ὑπερβάλλοντα an over-high estate, Eur.; τὸ ὑπ. αὐτῶν such part of them as is extraordinary, Thuc.
9. to go on further and further, προέβαινε ὑπερβάλλων he went on bidding more and more, Hdt.; ᾔτει τοςαῦτα ὑπερβάλλων Thuc.
10. to pass over, cross mountains, rivers, etc., c. acc., Aesch., Eur.; also c. gen., Eur.:—of ships, to double a headland, c. acc., Hdt., Thuc.:—absol. to cross over, Hdt., Xen.
11. of water, to run over, overflow, c. acc., Hdt.
12. of the Sun, to be at its height or its utmost heat, id=Hdt.
13. Mid., with perf. pass., = A. II, to outdo, overcome, conquer, τινα Hdt., Soph., etc.:—absol. to be conqueror, to conquer, Hdt.
14. to exceed, surpass, τινα id=Hdt., Ar., etc.:—absol. to exceed, Hdt.:—perf. pass. part., ὑπερβεβλημένη γυνή an excellent, surpassing woman, Eur.
15. to overbid, outbid, τινα Xen.
16. to put off, postpone, Hdt.;—but, ἢν ὑπερβάλωνται κείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ςυμβολὴν μὴ ποιεύμενοι if they let that day pass without fighting, id=Hdt.:— absol. to delay, linger, id=Hdt., Plat.
1. to step over, mount, scale, c. acc., ὑπ. τεῖχος Il., etc.; ὑπ. δόμους to step over the threshold of the house, Eur.; ὑπ. τοὺς οὔρους to cross the boundaries, Hdt.:—of rivers, to go over their banks, overflow, id=Hdt.
2. to overstep, transgress, τοὺς νόμους id=Hdt., Soph.; τοὺς ὅρκους Dem.: absol. to transgress, trespass, sin, ὅτε κέν τις ὑπερβήῃ (epic aor2 subj.) Il.
3. to pass over, pass by, leave out, omit, Hdt., Dem.
4. to go beyond, to surpass, outdo, c. acc., Plat.; absol., Theogn.
5. Causal in aor1, to put over, Xen.
1. a transgression of law, trespass, Hom., Soph.: also in pl., Il.
1. above all fear, undaunted, Il.
1. to subvert:—Pass., Plut.
2. intr. in aor2 ὑπήρι^πον, to tumble, fall down, Il.
1. exceedingly manly:—but always in bad sense, overbearing, overweening, Hom.
2. in Com. phrase, excelling men, thinking oneself more than man, Ar.
1. much like ὑπερηνορέων overweening, arrogant, Il.
2. trans. to treat disdainfully, Luc.
1. to overleap, leap or spring over, c. acc., Il., etc.;—also c. gen., Eur.
1. to get down over, get quite over, c. acc., Il.; c. gen., Anth.
1. exceeding famous or renowned, only in acc., ὑπερκύδαντας Ἀχαιούς Il.; ὑπερκύδαντα Μενοίτιον Hes.
1. exceeding mighty, exceeding strong, Hom., Hes.
1. overweening confidence in arms, proud defiance, presumptuousness, ὑπεροπλί_ῃςι [epic dat. pl., with ι_], Il.
1. to fly over, of a spear, Hom.
2. c. acc. to fly over or beyond, Od.; also c. gen., Plut.
1. overbearing, overweening, arrogant, Hom.:—adv. -lws, exceedingly, id=Hom.: arrogantly, Od.
1. to start back, recoil, Il.
1. the upper part of the house, the upper story or upper rooms, where the women resided, Hom.:—in attic, an attic, garret, Ar. (v. u(perw=|os).
1. one that is just getting a beard, with one's first beard, Hom., Plat.:—generally bearded, Anth.
1. about dawn, towards morning, early, Hom.; ςτίβη ὑπηοίη morning frost, Od.
1. 3 sg. plup. ὑπέςχητο: — to promise or engage to do a thing, Il., attic;—in attic also, sometimes, to take upon oneself, i. e. to undertake to do, to promise a thing, c. acc., Hom.; with inf. aor., Xen.
2. absol. to promise, make promises, Hdt.
3. with inf. pres. to profess that one is, profess to be, id=Hdt., Plat.: also to profess to do a thing, Plat., Xen.
1. to sleep, Hom.
1. to throw, put or lay under, Od.; τί τινι Eur.
2. to lay under, as a foundation, Aeschin.
3. to subject, submit, ἐχθροῖς ἐμαυτόν Eur.
4. Mid. to substitute another's child for one's own, Lat. supponere, Hdt., Plat., etc.
5. to suggest, whisper, as a prompter does, Il., Plat., etc.: Mid. to make false suggestions, Soph.
6. in Mid. to appropriate, Plut.
1. adv. throwing in covertly, i. e. by way of caution or reproof, or by way of interruption, Il.
2. askance, Hhymn.
1. Dep.
2. to receive beneath the surface, Il.
3. to receive into one's house, receive hospitably, Hom., etc.; ὁ ὑποδεξάμενος one's host, Isocr.
4. to give ear to, hearken to, εὐχάς Hes.; τοὺς λόγους Hdt.
5. to take in charge as a nurse, Hhymn., Plat.
6. metaph., πῆμα ὑπέδεκτό με sorrow was my host, Od.; ςτυγερὸς ὑπεδέξατο κοῖτος a hateful nest awaited them, of ensnared birds, id=Od.
7. to take upon oneself, undertake a task, promise, Hom.; with inf. fut., Hdt., etc.; less often with inf. aor., id=Hdt.; ὑπ. μεγάλα τινί to make him great promises, id=Hdt.
8. to admit, allow a charge, id=Hdt.; οὐκ ὑπ. to refuse to admit, deny, id=Hdt.
9. to submit to, bear patiently, Od.
10. like Lat. excipere,
11. to wait for, abide the attack of, Hes., Xen.:—of hunters, to lie in wait for game, Xen.
12. to come next to, border upon, Hdt.
13. of a woman, to conceive, Xen.
1. trans. to cower under or before, or to fear secretly, c. acc., Hom.:—so of birds, to cower beneath, αἰγυπιὸν ὑποδείςαντες Soph.
2. absol., Od.; cf. ὑποδεδιώς.
1. the reception of a guest, means of entertainment, πᾶςά τοι ἔςθ̆ ὑποδεξίη [ι_, metri grat.], Il.
1. to heat a little:—Pass. to grow somewhat hot, be heated, Il.
1. a suggestion, hint, warning, ὑποθημοςύνῃςιν Ἀθήνης (epic dat. pl.) Hom.; Ἑρμοῦ ὑποθημοςύνῃ Xen.
1. Mid. to arm oneself in secret, Il.
1. Pass. to be driven in confusion before one, τινι Il.
1. to reply, make answer, answer, Hom., Hdt.
2. to expound, interpret, explain, Od., Ar.:—the attic word in this sense is ἀπο-κρίνομαι.
3. of actors, to answer on the stage: hence to play a part, τὴν Ἀντιγόνην ὑποκέκριται Dem.; ὑπ. τὸ βαςιλικόν to take the king's part, Arist.; ὑποκρ. τραγῳδίαν, κωμῳδίαν to play a tragedy, a comedy, id=Arist.; absol. to play a part, be an actor, id=Arist.
4. to represent dramatically: hence to exaggerate, Dem.
5. metaph. to play a part, to feign, pretend, c. inf., id=Dem.
1. to hide under or beneath, ἄχνῃ ὑπεκρύφθη [the ship] was hidden beneath the spray, Il.
1. Mid. to conceive, become pregnant, ὑποκυ_ςα^μένη (not -κυςςαμένη), Hom., Hes.
1. somewhat less or fewer, Il.
1. to leave remaining, Od., Thuc., etc.
2. of things, to fail one, ὑπολείψει ὑμᾶς ἡ μιςθοφορά Lys.
3. Pass., c. fut. mid., to be left remaining, Hom., Hdt.
4. of things, to remain in force, Thuc.
5. to stay behind, Od.: c. gen., ὑπολείπεςθαι τοῦ ςτόλου to stay behind the expedition, i. e. not to go upon it, Hdt.
6. to be left behind in a race, Ar.: of stragglers in an army, to lag behind, Xen.; ὑπ. μικρὸν τοῦ ςτόματος to fall behind the front rank, id=Xen.
7. metaph. to be inferior to, τινός Arist.
8. absol. to fail, come to an end, Soph.:— ὑπ. τινά ὁ λόγος fails him, Arist.
9. Mid. to leave behind one, Hdt.; ὑπολείπεςθαι αἰτίαν to leave cause for reproach against oneself, Thuc.
1. Pass. to become white underneath or somewhat white, Il.
1. to loosen beneath or below, ὑπέλυςε γυῖα made his limbs give way under him, Il.:—Pass., γυῖα ὑπέλυντο id=Il.
2. to loose from under the yoke, Hom., Thuc.:— to loose from bonds, Od.; in Mid., τὸν ὑπελύςαο δεςμῶν thou didst free him from bonds by stealth, Il.
3. to untie a person's sandals from under his feet, take off his shoes, Aesch., Ar.:—Mid. to take off one's sandals or shoes, or to have them taken off, Ar.
4. c. acc. pers. to unshoe him, take off his shoes, Plat.
1. to stay behind, survive, Od., Hdt., attic
2. trans.,
3. c. acc. pers. to await another, to await his attack, bide the onset, Il., Hdt.; ὑπ. τὰς Σειρῆνας to abide their presence, Xen.
4. c. acc. rei, to be patient under, abide patiently, submit to, Hdt., Thuc., etc.; ὑπ. τὴν κρίςιν to await one's trial, Aeschin.: to wait for, τὴν ἑορτήν Thuc.
5. absol. to stand one's ground, stand firm, Il., Hdt., etc.; ὑπομένων καρτερεῖν to endure patiently, Plat.
6. c. inf. to submit or dare to do a thing, wait to do, persist in doing, like Lat. sustinere, Od., Xen.
7. so with part. relating to the subject, εἰ ὑπομενέουςι χεῖρας ἀνταειρόμενοι if they shall dare to lift their hands, Hdt.; ὑπομένει ὠφελούμενος he submits to be helped, Plat.:—with part. relating to the object, ὑπ. Ξέρξεα ἐπιόντα to await his attack, Hdt., etc.
1. to fall under or down, to sink in, Plut.
2. to fall down before any one, c. acc., Plat.: —hence, to be subject to him, fall under his power, Isocr.; of a flatterer, to cringe to, τινί Dem.; c. acc. ὑποπεςὼν τὸν δεςπότην Ar.
3. to fall behind another, Dem.
4. to get in under or among, Thuc.
5. of accidents, to happen, fall out, Isocr.
6. of persons, to fall under a punishment, c. dat., Plut.
7. of places, to lie under or below, c. dat., Polyb.
1. under mount Placus, in the Troad, Il.
1. to make to burst downwards: — Pass., οὐρανόθεν ὑπερράγη (aor2) αἰθήρ ether was cleft from beneath the sky, Il.
1. to groan beneath one, c. dat., Il., Hes.
1. to turn round about, turn back, ἵππους Il.; Βακχίαν ὑποςτρέφων ἅμιλλαν bringing back the Bacchic struggle, i. e. changing sorrow into tumultuous joy, Soph.
2. intr. to turn about, turn short round, Il., Hdt., attic:—so in Pass., αὖτις ὑποςτρεφθείς Il., etc.
3. generally, to return, Od., Hdt.; so in fut. mid., Od.
4. to turn away, and so elude an attack, Eur., Xen.
5. part. ὑποςτρέψας as adv. reversely, Ar.
1. to place under, τί τινι Il.:—Mid. to place under one's feet, Xen.
2. to place under as a foundation or beginning, id=Xen., Dem.:—Pass. to be laid down, assumed, Plat.:—Mid. to lay down as a principle, take for granted, assume, id=Plat., Dem.; c. acc. et inf. to assume or suppose that . . , Plat.
3. to hold out under, present, Luc.: metaph. to suggest, Eur., etc.:—so in Mid. to suggest, hint a thing to one, ὑποθέςθαι τινὶ βουλήν Il.; ἔπος, ἔργον ὑποθέςθαι τινί to suggest a speech, an action, to any one, advise or counsel him thereto, Hom., Hdt., etc.
4. c. dat. pers. only, ὑποθέςθαι τινί to advise, admonish one, Od., Ar., etc.: c. inf. to advise one to do a thing, Hdt., Thuc.
5. to propose, ςκοπόν as a mark or aim, Arist.:—Mid. to propose to oneself, Isocr.
6. to put down as a deposit or stake, to pawn, pledge, mortgage, Hdt., Aeschin., etc.:—in Mid., of the mortgagee, to lend money on pledge, Dem.
7. to stake, hazard, venture, Plat.; ὑποθεὶς τὸν ἴδιον κίνδυνον at his own risk, Dem.
1. to shrink before, τινά Il.
1. under Tartarus, of the Titans, Il., Hes.
1. to run in under, ὑπέδραμε καὶ λάβε γούνων she ran in under the sword and clasped his knees, Od.; ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας τοῦ ἵππου ὑπέδραμε κύων Hdt.: hence to trip up, Ar.
2. to run or stretch away under, Hhymn.
3. to run in between, intercept, Ar., Xen.
4. to insinuate oneself into any one's good graces, flatter or deceive, Eur., Plat.
1. to tremble a little, to shrink back, give ground, Il.: c. acc. to flee before, id=Il.
1. to tremble under one, of a man's limbs, Il.
1. under heaven, under the sky, Il.
2. reaching up to heaven, Hom.
1. to carry away under, esp. to bear out of danger, Il.
2. to bear or carry by being under, to bear a burden, Xen.: metaph. to support, bear, endure, submit to, πόνους καὶ κινδύνους Isocr.; γῆρας καὶ πενίαν Aeschin., etc.
3. to hold out, suggest, proffer, Soph.; to pretend, allege, Xen.
4. to carry down:—Pass. to be borne down by a stream, Plut.: metaph. to slip or sink down, decay, id=Plut.
1. a suggester, interpreter, a priest who declares an oracle, Il.; Μουςάων ὑποφῆται, i. e. poets, Theocr.
1. to flee from under, shun, Il., Eur.: to withdraw from, endeavour to evade, Thuc.
2. absol. to retire a little, withdraw, Hdt., Thuc.
1. to haste before, be or get beforehand, Il.; ὑποφθάμενος κτεῖνεν Od.
2. c. acc. to be beforehand with one, Plut.; Mid., τὸν ὑποφθαμένη φάτο μῦθον Od.
1. to pour into a cup placed under, to pour out; of dry things, to strew or spread under, Hom.: Pass., φύλλα ὑποκεχυμένα ὑπὸ τοῖς ποςί leaves scattered under the feet, Hdt.:—metaph., ἀπιςτίη ὑπεκέχυτο αὐτῷ distrust was poured secretly into him, i. e. stole over him, id=Hdt.
1. to go back, retire, recoil, Il., Thuc.; often in part., ὑποχωρήςας φεύγει Dem.
2. c. gen. to retire from a place, Hdt., Xen.; ὑπ. τινὶ τοῦ θρόνου to withdraw from one's seat in honour of another, give it up to him, Ar.; and, ὑπ. τινι to give way to another, Thuc.
3. c. acc. to avoid, shun, id=Thuc., Plat.
4. to go on in succession, Pind.
1. under the roof, in the house, Il., Pind., Ar.
1. from under, by, c. gen. under, c. dat., towards c. acc.
2. Lat. sub, prep. with gen., dat. and acc.
3. WITH GEN.,
4. of Place, from under, ῥέει κρήνη ὑπὸ ςπείους Od.: of rescuing from under another's power, after the Verbs ἐρύεςθαι, ἁρπάζειν, Il.; ἵππους λῦςαν ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ they loosed the horses from under the yoke, Hom.
5. under, beneath, μοχλὸν ὑπὸ ςποδοῦ ἤλαςα thrust the bar in under the embers, Od.; ὑπὸ ςτέρνοιο τυχήςας having hit him under the breast, Il.; ὑπὸ χθονός Hom., etc.
6. of the Agent, with pass. Verbs, by, Lat. a or ab, ὑπό τινος δαμῆναι Il.; ὑφ̆ ἑαυτοῦ by one's own action, i.e. of oneself, Thuc.; so also, with neut. verbs, φεύγειν ὑπό τινος, i. e. to flee before him, Il.; ἔπαινον ἔχειν ὑπό τινος Hdt.
7. of things as well as persons, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑπὸ τῆς νόςου Thuc.; ἐνδακρύειν χαρᾶς ὕπο Aesch.; μαίνεται ὑφ̆ ἡδονῆς Soph.; ὀρύςςειν ὑπὸ μαςτίγων to dig under fear of scourges, Hdt.
8. of accompanying music, to the sound of, κωμάζειν ὑπ̆ αὐλοῦ Hes.; πίνειν ὑπὸ ςάλπιγγος Ar.: then, of anything attendant, δαί̈δων ὑπὸ λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον by torchlight, Il.; ὑπ̆ εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦςαι to offer a sacrifice accompanied by it, Soph.; ὑπὸ πομπῆς in or with solemn procession, Hdt.
9. WITH DAT. of Place or Position, ὑπὸ ποςςί Il.; ὑπὸ πλατανίςτῳ id=Il.; ὑπ̆ Ἰλίῳ under its walls, Eur.; ὑφ̆ ἅρμαςι under, i. e. yoked to, the chariot, Il.
10. ὑπὸ χερςί τινος δαμῆναι to be subdued under, i. e. by force of his arms, id=Il.; ὑπὸ δουρὶ δαμῆναι id=Il.
11. of the person under whose power or influence a thing is done, φέβεςθαι ὑπό τινι to flee before him, id=Il.; ὑπὸ πομπῇ τινος βῆναι to go under his convoy, id=Il.
12. expressing subjection, ὑπό τινι under one's power, Od.; εἶναι ὑπό τινι to be subject to him, Thuc.; ἔχειν ὑφ̆ ἑαυτῷ to have under one, Xen.
13. of things coming under a class, ἐργαςίαι ὑπὸ ταῖς τέχναις Plat.
14. as in A. II. 3, ὑπ̆ αὐλητῆρι πρόςθ̆ ἔκιον advanced to the music of the flute-player, Hes.: generally, of attendant circumstances, ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶςι πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο Od.; ὑπὸ ςκότῳ, νυκτί Aesch.
15. WITH ACCUS. of Place, towards and under, ὑπὸ ςπέος ἤλαςε μῆλα drove them under, i.e. into, the cave, Il.; ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἤγαγεν Od.; ὑπὸ δικαςτήριον ἄγειν to bring under or before the tribunal, Hdt.
16. like ὑπό c. dat. without sense of motion, ὑπ̆ ἠῶ τ̆ ἠέλιόν τε everywhere under the sun, Il.; ὑπὸ τὴν ἄρκτον Hdt.; τὸ ὑπὸ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν Thuc.
17. of subjection, ποιεῖςθαι ὑπὸ ςφᾶς id=Thuc., etc.
18. of Time, like Lat. sub, just after, just about, ὑπὸ νύκτα towards night, Il.; ὑπὸ ταῦτα about that time, Hdt.; ὑπὸ τὸν νηὸν κατακαέντα about the time of its burning, Il.; ὑπὸ τὸν ςειςμόν about the time of the earthquake, Thuc.
19. of accompaniment, ὑπὸ αὐλὸν διαλέγεςθαι Xen.
20. ὑπό τι, as adv. to a certain degree, in some measure, Lat. aliquatenus, Plat.
21. POSITION: ὑπό can always follow its Subst., becoming by anastrophe ὕπο.
22. AS ADV., under, below, beneath, Hom.
23. behind, Hdt.
24. secretly, unnoticed, Il.
25. IN COMPOSITION:
26. under, both of rest and motion, as ὕπ-ειμι, ὑπο-βαίνω.
27. of the casing or covering of one thing with another, as ὑπό-χρυςος.
28. to express subjection, ὑπο-δαμνάω, ὑφ-ηνίοχος.
29. somewhat, a little, ὑπο-κινέω, ὑπό-λευκος: underhand, secretly, ὑπο-θωπεύω.
1. adv. only in phrase ὑπόδρα ἰδών looking from under the brows, looking askance, grimly, Il.
1. with a lamb under it, Il.
1. an undertaking, engagement, promise, Hom., Hdt., attic; ὑπ. ἀπολαβεῖν to receive the fulfilment of a promise, Xen.; ἀπαιτεῖν τὰς ὑπ. to demand their fulfilment, Arist.; ὑπ. ψεύδεςθαι to fail in its performance, Aeschin.
2. a profession (as a mode of life), Luc.
1. returning, Hom., Eur.
2. rallying from the effect of a blow, Theocr.
1. viewed from beneath the brows; ὑπόψιος ἄλλων viewed with suspicion among others, Il.
1. the part of the face under the eyes: generally the face, countenance, Il.
2. a blow in the face, a black eye, Ar.
1. the foot of a mountain, the skirts of a mountain range, Il., Hdt.
1. a fight, battle, combat, Il.; metaplast. epic dat. ὑςμῖνι as if from u(smi/n or ὑςμίς, id=Il.
1. neut. as adv. at last, Il.
1. to draw away gently, ὑφ. τινὰ ποδοῖιν to draw one away by the two feet, Il.: — to draw away by undermining, Thuc.
1. to let down, ὑφ. ἱςτόν to lower the mast, Il.; ὑφ. ἱςτία, Lat. submittere vela, Hhymn.
2. to put under, τί τινι Hom.; τι ὑπό τι Xen.:— to put a young one under its dam, put it to suck, Od., Theocr.; in Mid., of the mother, ὑφίεςθαι μαςτοῖς to put it to her breast, to suckle it, Eur.
3. ὑφ. τινά to engage any one secretly, to prepare him to play a part, to suborn, Soph.: Pass., ὡς ἔχιδν̆ ὑφειμένη like a snake secretly introduced, slipped in, id=Soph.
4. to give up, surrender, Xen.
5. intr. to slacken, relax or abate from a thing, c. gen., ὑπεὶς τῆς ὀργῆς Hdt.; absol. to give in, abate, οὐδὲν ὑπιέντες id=Hdt.:—so too in Mid., id=Hdt.; so of things, τὸ ὕδωρ ὑπίεται τοῦ ψυχροῦ abates from its chill, id=Hdt.; τοῦ ςτόματός γε ὑφ. I give way as to it, Xen.; c. dat. to yield, give way to any one, τοῖς πολεμίοις id=Xen.
6. in Mid. and Pass. to lower one's sails, Ar.; mostly in part. perf., πλεῖν ὑφειμένῃ δοκεῖ μοι methinks I should run with lowered sails, i. e. to lower my tone, Soph.
7. ςώζω νεοςςοὺς ὄρνις ὣς ὑφειμένη, like a cowering hen, —or perhaps with my nestlings under me, Eur.
8. generally, to submit, Xen.; c. inf., κατθανεῖν ὑφειμένη submissively prepared to die, Eur.
1. in these tenses Causal, to place or set under, τί τινι Hdt., Pind.; τρεῖς ςταυροὺς ὑπίςτηςι plants three piles in the lake to support a house, Hdt.:—metaph., γνώμας ὑποςτήςας ςοφάς having laid them as a foundation, Soph.
2. to post secretly or in ambush, Hdt., Xen.
3. Causal also in fut. and aor1 mid. to substitute, τί τινι one thing for another, Xen.
4. Pass., with aor2 act. ὑπ-έςτην, perf. ὑφ-έςτηκα, ionic part. ὑπ-εςτεώς:— to stand under as a support, c. dat., Hdt.
5. to sink to the bottom, settle, τὸ ὑφιςτάμενον the milk, opp. to τὸ ἐφιςτάμενον (the cream), id=Hdt.
6. to place oneself under an engagement, engage or promise to do, c. inf. fut., ὅςς̆ Ἀχιλῆι ὑπέςτημεν δώςειν Il., etc.; c. inf. aor., οὔ τίς με ὑπέςτη ςαῶςαι id=Il.; c. inf. pres., Hdt.:—absol., after promise given, Od.; ὥςπερ ὑπέςτη as he promised, Thuc.:—when foll. by acc., an inf. may be supplied, τρίποδας οὕς οἱ ὑπέςτη (sc. δώςειν) Il.; ἐκτελέουςιν ὑπόςχεςιν ἥνπερ ὑπέςταν id=Il.
7. to submit to any one, τινι id=Il.
8. c. acc. rei, to submit to, consent to, ὁ τὸ ἐλάχιςτον ὑπιςτάμενος who offers to take the least, Hdt.; ὑφ. τὸν πλοῦν to undertake it unwillingly, Thuc.; so, ὑφ. τὸν κίνδυνον id=Thuc.: —rarely c. dat., ὑφ. ξυμφοραῖς ταῖς μεγίςταις id=Thuc.
9. to undertake an office, Xen.
10. to lie concealed or in ambush, Hdt., Eur., etc.
11. to support an attack, to resist, withstand, c. dat., Aesch.; c. acc., Eur., Thuc.:—absol. to stand one's ground, face the enemy, Lat. subsistere, Eur., Thuc.
1. to weave, ἱςτὸν ὑφαίνειν to weave a web, Hom.; ἱμάτιον Plat., etc.:—absol. to weave, ply the loom, Hdt.:—Mid., ἱμάτιον ὑφαίνεςθαι to weave oneself a cloak, Plat.
2. to contrive, plan, invent, Lat. texere, δόλον ὑφαίνειν Il.; μῆτιν ὑφ. Od.
3. generally, to create, construct, Pind.
1. the charioteer, as subordinate to the warrior in his chariot, Il.
1. of a rower, sitting high on the benches; of Zeus, high-throned, Il., Hes.
1. with lofty foliage, towering, Hom., Hes., Eur.
1. with high gates, Il., Eur.
1. high-roofed, high-vaulted, Hom., Ar.
1. high, lofty, high-raised, Lat. altus, sublimis, Hom., Hdt., Trag., etc.; of a highland country, χώρη ὀρεινὴ καὶ ὑψηλή Hdt.; ὑψηλὰ χωρία Thuc.
2. metaph. high, lofty, stately, Pind., Plat.; ὑψηλὰ κομπεῖν to talk loftily, Soph.; πνεῦμα ὑψηλὸν αἴρειν Eur.
1. high-minded, high-spirited, haughty, Eur., Plat.
1. high-sounding, ἵπποι ὑψηχέες loud-neighing, Il.
1. high-thundering, Hom.
1. high-topped, Hhymn.
1. with high foliage, towering, Hom.
1. high-flying, soaring, Hom., Ar.: generally lofty, Eur.
1. with high ground, high-placed, Pind.
1. aloft, on high, Hom.; τῆς πόλιος ἐκκεχωςμένης ὑψοῦ having the soil raised to a great height, Hdt.:—metaph., ὑψοῦ ἐξᾶραί τι to praise it highly, id=Hdt.; ὑψοῦ αἴρειν θυμόν Soph.
1. from on high, from aloft, from above, Lat. desuper, Il., Hes.
2. like ὑψοῦ, high, aloft, on high, Anth.
3. c. gen. above, over, Pind.
1. aloft, on high, Il.
1. high-roofed, high-ceiled, Hom.
1. aloft, on high, up high, Hom.; ὑψός̆ ἔχοντες high reaching, Il.
1. wantonness, wanton violence or insolence, Od., Hdt., etc.; of actions, ἆρ̆ οὐχ ὕβρις τάδ̆; Soph.; ταῦτ̆ οὐχ ὕβρις ἐςτί; Ar.:—adv. usages, ὕβρει in wantonness or insolence, Soph.; ἐφ̆ ὕβρει Eur.; δῐ ὕβριν Dem.
2. of lewdness, opp. to ςωφροςύνη. Theogn., Xen.
3. of over-fed horses, riotousness, restiveness, Hdt., Pind.
4. = u(/brisma, Hom.; sometimes like ὑβρίζω, foll. by a prep., hρας μητέρ̆ εἰς ἐμὴν ὕβρις her outrage towards . . , Eur.; ἡ κατ̆ Ἀργείους ὕ. Soph.; ἡ πρὸς τοὺς δημότας ὕ. Hdt.; also c. gen. objecti, ὕ. τινός towards him, id=Hdt., etc.:—in pl. wanton acts, outrages, Hes., Eur., etc.
5. an outrage on the person, violation, Pind., attic
6. in attic law, ὕβρις comprehended all the more serious injuries done to the person, grievous assault, the slighter kind being αἰκία [ι_]: hence ὕβρις was remedied by public indictment (γραφή), αἰκία by private action (δίκη).
7. a loss, damage, NTest.
8. as masc. = u(bristh/s, a violent, overbearing man, ὕβριν ἀνέρα Hes.
1. a water-snake, Il., Hdt.
1. water, of any kind, but in Hom. rarely of sea-water (which he calls ἁλμυρὸν ὕδωρ); — also in pl., ὕδατ̆ αἰενάοντα Od.; ὕδατα Καφίςια the waters of Cephisos, Pind.:— ὕδωρ κατὰ χειρός water for washing the hands, Ar.; ὕ. ἐπὶ χεῖρας ἔχευαν Hom.—Proverbs., γράφειν τι εἰς ὕδωρ of anything untrustworthy, Soph.; ἐν ὕδατι γρ. Plat.; ὅταν τὸ ὕδωρ πνίγῃ, τί δεῖ ἐπιπίνειν; if water chokes, what more can be done? of a desperate case, Arist.
2. rain-water, rain, Il., Hdt., attic;—more definitely, ὕδωρ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ Thuc., etc.; Ζεὺς ὕδωρ ὕει, ὁ θεὸς ὕδωρ ποιεῖ Ar.
3. for the phrase ἐν ὕδατι βρέχεςθαι, Hdt., v. bre/xw.
4. in attic law-phrase, τὸ ὕδωρ was the water of the water-clock (κλεψύδρα), Dem.; ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕδατι, ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὕδατος in the time allowed me, id=Dem.; οὐκ ἐνδέχεται πρὸς τὸ αὐτὸ ὕ. εἰπεῖν one cannot say (all) in one speech, id=Dem.; ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕ. stop the water (which was done while the speech was interrupted by the calling of evidence and reading of documents), id=Dem.; ἀποδιδόναι τινὶ τὸ ὕ. to give him the turn of speaking, Aeschin.
1. Lat. sylva, a wood, forest, woodland, Hom., Hdt., etc.; τὰ δένδρα καὶ ὕλη fruit-trees and forest-trees, Thuc.: copse, brushwood, opp. to timber-trees, Xen.
2. wood cut down, firewood, fuel, Hom., etc.
3. like Lat. materia, stuff of which a thing is made, the raw material, wood, timber, Od., Hdt.
4. in Philosophy, matter, Arist.
5. subject matter, id=Arist.
1. out under, slipping away, Il.
2. prep. with gen. under, at the side of, id=Il.
1. like Lat. summus for supremus, the highest, uppermost, of Zeus, ὕπατος κρειόντων, θεῶν ὕπ., Hom.; οἱ ὕπατοι the gods above, Lat. superi, opp. to οἱ χθόνιοι, Lat. inferi, Aesch.; ὕπατός τις some god above, id=Aesch.
2. simply of Place, ἐν πυρῇ ὑπάτῃ on the very top of the funeral pile, Il.
3. of Time, last, Lat. supremus, Soph., Anth.
4. of Quality, highest, best, Pind.
5. c. gen., like the prep. ὑπό, ὕπατος χώρας supreme over the land, Aesch.; ὕπατοι λεχέων high above the nest, id=Aesch.
6. as Subst., ὕπατος, the Roman consul, Polyb., etc.
1. from above or merely above, Il.: of the body, above, in the upper parts, opp. to ἔνερθε, id=Il.
2. from heaven above, i. e. from the gods, Hom.
3. of Degree, yet more, Soph.
4. c. gen. above, over, Pind., Aesch., etc.; ὕπ. γίγνεςθαί τινος to get the better of one, Eur.; also, ὕπερθεν εἶναι ἢ . . , to be above or beyond, i. e. worse than . . , id=Eur.
1. sleep, slumber, Hom., etc.; χάλκεος ὕπνος, i. e. the sleep of death, Il.:— ὕπνος τινὰ ἐπέρχεται, ἐπορούει, ἱκάνει, αἱρεῖ, λαμβάνει Hom., etc.; εἰς ὕπνον πεςεῖν Soph.:— ἐν ὕπνῳ in sleep, Eur.;— καθ̆ ὕπνον Soph.;— περὶ πρῶτον ὕπνον about one's first sleep, Ar.
2. Sleep, twin-brother of Death, Il.
1. laid back, laid on one's back, πέςεν ὕπτιος he fell backwards, opp. to πρηνής, Il.; of a quadruped, ὀρθοῦ ἑςτεῶτος καὶ ὑπτίου rearing upright and falling backwards, Hdt.
2. generally with the under side uppermost, χείρ ὑπτία the hollow of the hand, Plut.; ἐξ ὑπτίου κράνους from the upturned helmet, with the hollow uppermost, Aesch.; so, παράθες ὑπτίαν (τὴν ἀςπίδα) Ar.; ἀψὶς ὑπτία a half-wheel with the concave side uppermost, Hdt.; ὑπτίοις ςέλμαςιν ναυτίλλεται he sails with the bottom uppermost, i. e. suffers shipwreck, Soph.; ἐξ ὑπτίας νεῖν to swim on the back (in metaph. sense), Plat.
3. of land, sloping evenly, of Egypt, Hdt.
1. neut. as adv. at last, Il.
1. latter, last, comp. and Sup. without any Posit. adj. in use.
2. ὕςτερος, η, ον latter,
3. of Place, latter, coming after, following, Eur., Xen.:—c. gen., ὕςτεροι ἡμῶν behind us, Plat.; ὑςτέρα νεώς behind (slower than) a ship, Aesch.
4. of Time, next, Il.; τῷ ὑςτέρῳ ἔτει in the next year, Xen.; ὑςτέρῳ χρόνῳ in after time, Aesch., etc.:—c. gen. pers. later than, after, Il., Plat.; also ὑςτέρῳ χρόνῳ τούτων Hdt.
5. later, too late, Il., Soph.
6. c. gen. rei, too late for, Hdt., Ar.
7. as Subst. οἱ ὕςτεροι =Lat. posteri, Eur.
8. of inferiority in Age, Worth, or Quality, γένει ὕςτερος, i. e. younger, Il.:— c. gen., οὐδενὸς ὕςτ. second to none, Soph., Thuc.; ὕςτερος τῶν νόμων below the laws, Aeschin.
9. neut. ὕςτερον as adv. behind, c. gen., Xen.
10. of Time, later, afterwards, Hom., etc.; also ὕςτερα Od.: —c. gen., ὕςτερον τούτων later than these things, after them, Hdt.; πολλῷ ὕςτ. τῶν Τρωικῶν Thuc.
11. in adv. sense with Preps., ἐς ὕςτερον Od., Hdt., etc.: — ἐν ὑςτέρῳ Thuc.:— ἐξ ὑςτέρης Hdt.
12. ὕςτατος, η, ον last,
13. of Place, πρῶτοί τε καὶ ὕςτατοι Il.
14. of Time, τίνα πρῶτον, τίνα δ̆ ὕςτατον ἐξενάριξεν; id=Il.; πρὸς ὕςτ. φῶς Aesch.: ἡ ὑςτάτη (sc. ἡμέρα) τῆς ὁρτῆς the last day of the feast, Hdt.; οὐκ ἐν ὑςτάτοις not among the last, Eur.; οἱ ὕςτατοι εἰπόντες Dem., etc.:—c. gen., ὕςτατος ἁλώςιος all too late for . . , Pind.
15. the neut. sg. and pl. as adv., πύματόν τε καὶ ὕςτατον Od.; ὕςτατα καὶ πύματα Il.; νῦν ὕςτατα id=Il.; ὕςτατα Hdt., etc.
16. in adv. sense with Preps., ἐν ὑςτάτοις at last, Plat.
1. on high, aloft, Hom.: on the high sea, out at sea, Od.
1. to send rain, to rain, Ζεὺς ὗε Hom., etc.; ὁ θεὸς ὕει Hdt.:—then, the nom. being omitted, ὕει used impers., Lat. pluit, it rains, Hes., Hdt.; ὕοντος when it is raining, Ar.; ὕοντος πολλῷ as it was raining heavily, Xen.
2. c. acc. loci, ἑπτὰ ἐτέων οὐκ ὗε τὴν Θήρην for seven years it did not rain on Thera, Hdt.:—hence in Pass., with fut. mid. to be rained on, Od.; ὕςθηςαν αἱ Θῆβαι Thebes was rained upon, i. e. it rained there, Hdt.; ἡ χώρη ὕεται, i. e. it rains in the country, id=Hdt.
3. c. acc. cogn., ὗςε χρυςόν it rained gold, Pind.; καινὸν ἀεὶ Ζεὺς ὕει ὕδωρ Ar.
1. the Hyades, seven stars in the head of the bull, which threatened rain when they rose with the sun, Il., Hes.
1. Hyperion, the Sun-god, joined with hλιος, or alone for hλιος, Hom. Some derive it from u(pe\r i)w/n, he that walks on high: others simply bring Ὑπερίων from u(pe/r, the God above.
1. to have the pains or throes of childbirth, to be in travail or labour, Il., Plat., etc.
2. c. acc. to be in travail of a child, to bring forth, Eur.
3. metaph. of any great pain, to be in travail or anguish, Od., Eur.: to work hard, to travail, of bees, Anth.:—of the mind, ὥςτε μ̆ ὠδίνειν τί φῄς so that I am in an agony as to what you mean, Soph.
4. c. acc. to be in travail with a thing, c. acc., id=Soph., Anth.
1. the pangs or throes of labour, travail-pains, Il.; ἐν μόναις ὠδῖςιν at a single birth, Pind.; ἐν ὠδίνων ἀνάγκαις Eur.; in sg. travail-pain, anguish, Pind., Soph.
2. in sg., also, the fruit of travail or labour, a birth, child, Aesch., Eur.; ἄπτερον ὠδῖνα τέκνων, of young birds, Eur.
3. metaph. any travail, anguish, Aesch.; also in pl., of love, pangs, Soph., Plat.
1. to thrust, push, shove, force onwards or away, λᾶαν ἄνω ὤθεςκε he kept pushing it upwards, Od.; ἀπ̆ ὀφθαλμῶν νέφος ὦςεν Ἀθήνη Il.; ἐκ μηροῦ δόρυ ὦςε he forced the spear from the thigh, id=Il.; ὦςαί τινα ἀφ̆ ἵππων id=Il.; ὦςαι ἑαυτὸν ἐς τὸ πῦρ to rush into the fire, Hdt.; so, ὠθ. τινὰ ἐπὶ κεφαλήν to throw him headlong down, Plat.; κατὰ πετρῶν Eur.; ὦςαι τὴν θύραν to force the door, Ar.
2. to push or force back in battle, Il.
3. to thrust out, banish, Trag.; ὦςαί τινα φυγάδα Plat.; ὠθ. τινα ἄθαπτον Soph.
4. metaph., ὠθ. τὰ πρήγματα to push matters on, hurry them, Hdt.
5. absol., ὦςα παρέξ pushed off from land, Od.; ὤθει βιαίως Eur.
6. Mid., mostly in aor1, to thrust or push from oneself, push or force back, repulse, esp. in battle, τείχεος ἂψ ὤςαςθαι Il.; ὤςαςθαι προτὶ Ἴλιον, προτὶ ἄςτυ id=Il.; ὤςαςθαι τὴν ἵππον Hdt.; ὠςαμένων τὸ κέρας Thuc.
7. Pass. to be thrust on, to fall violently, ἐπὶ κεφαλήν Hdt.; πρὸς βίαν Eur.
8. to force one's way, Xen., Plat.: to crowd on, throng, like ὠςτίζομαι, Xen.
1. swift-flying, swift-running, Il., Hes.; metaph., ὠκ. μόρος Soph.
1. sea-swift, speeding o'er the sea, of a ship, Hom., Soph.
1. quickly-dying, dying early, of Achilles, Il.; ὠκυμορώτατος ἄλλων id=Il.
2. act. bringing a quick or early death, Hom.
1. quick-going, of ships, Il.: of streams, swift-flowing, Aesch.
1. swift-footed, of horses, Hom.; ἱππικῶν ὠκύπους ἀγών Soph.; κύνες Eur., etc.
1. swift-winged, Il.
2. ὠκύπτερα, ων, τά, the long quill-feathers in a wing, Ar.
1. quick, swift, fleet, Od.; πόδας ὠκύς, of Achilles, Il.; πόδας ὠκέα, of Iris, id=Il., etc.
2. = o)cu/s, sharp, Anth.
3. adv. -e/ws, Pind.; but in form ὦκα, formed like τάχα, often in Hom.
4. degrees of Comparison, regul. ὠκύτερος, ὠκύτατος Od.: irreg. Sup., ὤκιςτος Il., Aesch.
1. eating raw flesh, Il., Aesch., Soph., etc.; with a fem., Ἔχιδνα ὠμηςτής Hes.:—as a mark of savageness, brutality, ὠμ. καὶ ἄπιςτος ἀνήρ Il.
1. a fresh, active old man, Il.
1. in sacrificing, to place the raw slices duly on the altar (v. mhri/a), Hom.:—so in Mid., ὠμοθετεῖτο Od.
1. eating raw flesh, carnivorous, Il., Thuc.
1. raw, undressed, Lat. crudus, of flesh, Hom.; ὠμὸν καταφαγεῖν τινά to eat one raw, proverb. of savage cruelty, Xen.; so, ὠμὸν βεβρώθοις Πρίαμον Il.
2. of fruit, unripe, Ar., Xen.
3. metaph. savage, fierce, cruel, Trag., Thuc., etc.:—neut. pl. ὠμά, as adv., savagely, Il.; adv. w)mw=s, Thuc., etc.; Sup., ὠμότατα διακεῖςθαι πρός τινα Isocr.
4. rude, rough, Soph.; ὠμότερος ςυκοφάντης a more coarse, more unmitigated sycophant, Dem.:—adv. rudely, coarsely, id=Dem.
5. (from 1. 2) ὠμὸν γῆρας an unripe, untimely, premature old age, Od., Hes.
1. a wound just inflicted, δεῖξεν αἷμα κατάρρεον ἐξ ὠτειλῆς Il.; αἷμ̆ ἔτι θερμὸν ἀνήνοθεν ἐξ ὠτ. id=Il.
2. the mark of a wound, a scar, Xen., Plut.
1. poet. adj. with ears or handles, Il., Hes.
1. thus, as, so that, since
2. A. ADVERB of Manner, either ὥς (with accent) Demonstr. so, thus, Lat. sic;— or ὡς (without accent) Relat. as, Lat. ut. B. ὡς, as CONJUNCTION. C, D. various usages.
3. of Manner:
4. ὥς, Demonstr. = ou(/tws, so, thus, Lat. sic, Hom., Hdt.; rare in attic:— καὶ ὥς, even so, nevertheless, οὐδ̆ ὥς, μηδ̆ ὥς, not even so, in no wise, Hom., Soph.
5. in Comparisons, ὥς . . , ὡς . . , so . . as . . , Lat. sic . . ut . . , Il., Plat.
6. thus, for instance, Od.
7. ὡς, Relat., as, Lat. ut, first in Hom.; οὕτως ὡς, Lat. sic ut; but the antec. is often omitted: similes are commonly introduced by ὡς ὅτε, ὡς δ̆ ὅτε, where ὅτε often seems superfluous, ἤριπε δ̆, ὡς ὅτε πύργος [ἤριπε] Il.:—this ὡς takes the accent at the end of a clause or when it follows the word dependent on it; θεὸς δ̆ ὣς τίετο δήμῳ Il.; οἱ δὲ φέβοντο, βόες ὥς Od.
8. according as, where the relat. Pron. ὅςος might stand, as ἑλὼν κρέας ὥς (i. e. ὅςον) οἱ χεῖρες ἐχάνδανον id=Od.; ςοὶ θεοὶ πόροιεν ὡς ἐγὼ θέλω Soph.
9. parenthetically, to qualify a general statement, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, ὡς ἔοικε, etc., as it seems; often with γε or γοῦν added, ὡς γοῦν as at any rate:—these phrases become elliptical, ὡς ἐμοί or ὥς γ̆ ἐμοί (sc. δοκεῖ); ὡς ἀπ̆ ὀμμάτων (sc. εἰκάςαι) to judge by eyesight, Soph.;—also, ὡς Λακεδαιμόνιος (sc. ὤν) considering he was a Lacedaemonian, Thuc.; ὡς γυνή as a woman, like a very woman, Soph.: —so ὡς is attached to the Object of the Verb, ςυμπέμψας αὐτὸν ὡς φύλακα (sc. εἶναι) having sent him with them as a guard, Hdt.; ὡς ἐπὶ φρυγανιςμόν as if for collecting fuel, Thuc.
10. to limit or augment the force of Adverbs: ὡς ἀληθῶς as of a truth, i. e. in very truth, Plat.; also after Adverbs expressing anything extraordinary, θαυμαςτῶς or θαυμαςίως ὡς, ὑπερφυῶς ὡς, v. sub vocc.:—also with the Sup., like ὅ τι and ὅπως, ὡς μάλιςτα, = Lat. quam maxime, ὡς ῥᾷςτα, = quam facillime; ὡς τάχιςτα, = quam celerrime, Hdt., etc.:—in the phrases ὡς τὸ πολύ, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ Plat.; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλῆθος id=Plat.
11. so also with Adjs., ὅπως ὡς βέλτιςται ἔςονται id=Plat.; ὡς ἐς ἐλάχιςτον Thuc.
12. ὡς, as CONJUNCTION:
13. with Substantive Clauses, for ὅτι, Lat. quod, that, expressing a fact, μηκέτ̆ ἐκφοβοῦ, ὥς ςε ἀτιμάςει Soph., etc.
14. ὡς with Final Clauses, that, in order that, Lat. ut; ὡς, and ὡς ἄν, epic ὥς κεν, being used, like other Final Conjunctions, with the subj. after the principal tenses of the ind., and with the opt. after the past tenses: cf. ἵνα B, ὅπως B.
15. with past tenses of the ind. to express an event that is past, and therefore impossible, τί μ̆ οὐκ ἔκτεινας, ὡς ἔδειξα μήποτε . . ; so that I never should . . , Soph.
16. ὡς c. inf., to limit an assertion, ὡς εἰπεῖν so to say, Lat. ut ita dicam, Hdt.; ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, etc.; ὡς εἰκάςαι to make a guess, i. e. probably, id=Hdt.
17. just like ὥςτε c. inf., so that, Lat. adeo ut, ita ut, εὖρος ὡς δύο τριήρεας πλέειν ὁμοῦ in breadth such that two triremes could sail abreast, id=Hdt.
18. ἢ ὡς after a comp., μάςςον̆ ἢ ὡς ἰδέμεν Pind.; μαλακώτεροι, ἢ ὡς κάλλιον Plat.
19. Causal, like ὅτι or ἐπεί, as, inasmuch, as, since, Lat. quia, quandoquidem, τί ποτε λέγεις; ὡς οὐ μανθάνω Soph.
20. Temporal, for ὅτε, ἐπεί, when, Lat. ut, ἐνῶρτο γέλως, ὡς ἴδον laughter arose among them, when they saw, Il.; with opt., to express a repeated action, whenever, ὡς ἀπίκοιτο Hdt.
21. ὡς seems to be used for ἕως or ἔςτε, so long as, while, ὡς ἂν αὑτὸς ἥλιος αἴρῃ Soph.:—in later Gr. = e(/ws, while, NTest.
22. = o(/pws, how, like Lat. ut for quomodo, μερμήριζε, ὡς Ἀχιλῆα τιμήςειε Il.;—so, οὐκ ἔςθ̆ ὡς nowise can it be that, Soph.; οἶςθ̆ ὡς ποίηςον, by a mixture of constructions for ὡς χρὴ ποιῆςαι, id=Soph.; v. *εἴδω B. 5.
23. ὡς ἂν ποιήςῃς however thou may'st act, id=Soph.
24. Local, for ὅπου, where, Theocr.
25. some special usages:
26. with Participles, to give the reason or motive of the action expressed by the Verb, if, as, διαβαίνει, ὡς ἀμήςων τὸν ςῖτον Hdt.
27. with Participles in the case of the Object, λέγουςιν ἡμᾶς ὡς ὀλωλότας they speak of us as dead, Aesch.
28. with Participles put absolutely, ἐρώτα ὅ τι βούλει, ὡς τἀληθῆ ἐροῦντος (i. e. πιςτεύων με ἐρεῖν) Xen., etc.
29. so also before Prepositions, ἀνήγοντο ὡς ἐπὶ ναυμαχίαν (i. e. ὡς ναυμαχήςοντες) Thuc.; πλεῖς ὡς πρὸς οἶκον Soph.; ὡς ἐκ κακῶν ἐχάρη Hdt.
30. the Preps. εἰς, ἐπί, came to be omitted, and ὡς itself appears to be used as a prep. c. acc., but only c. acc. pers., τὸν ὅμοιον ἄγει θεὸς ὡς τὸν ὅμοιον god brings like to like, Od.; ὡς Ἆγιν ἐπρεςβεύςαντο Thuc.
31. ὡς, before independent sentences:
32. ὡς as an emphatic exclamation, how, as Lat. ut for quam, ὡς ἄνοον κραδίην ἔχες how silly a heart hadst thou! Il.; ὡς ἀγαθόν Od.; ὡς ἀςτεῖος ὁ ἄνθρωπος how charming he is! Plat.
33. when it is joined to a Verb, its force extends to the whole sentence, ὥς ὑπερδέδοικά ςου how greatly do I fear for thee, Soph.
34. it also denotes a quick succession of events, ὡς ἴδεν, ὥς μιν Ἔρως φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψεν how he saw, how did Love encompass his heart, i. e. he saw and straightway Love . . , Il.; ὡς ἴδον, ὡς ἐμάνην, ὥς μευ περὶ θυμὸς ἰάφθη Theocr.; (so Virgil ut vidi, ut perii, ut me malus abstulit error).
35. ὡς to express a wish, like εἴθε, Lat. utinam, oh that! with the opt. ὡς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος Od.; ὡς μὴ θάνοι oh that he might not die! id=Od.
36. ὡς joined with other words of wishing, ὡς ὤφελες αὐτόθ̆ ὀλέςθαι Il.; ὡς δὴ μὴ ὄφελον νικᾶν Od.
37. ὡς with Numerals marks that they are to be taken only as a round number, as it were, about, nearly, ςὺν ἀνθρώποις ὡς εἴκοςι Xen.; παῖς ὡς ἑπταετής some seven years old, Plat.
38. ὡς in some Elliptical Phrases:
39. ὡς τί (sc. γένηται); to what end? Eur.
40. ὡς ἕκαςτος each separately, Lat. pro se quisque, Hdt., Thuc.
41. Etymology: ὡς is an adv. form of the relat. ὅς, as τώς of ὁ, οὕτως of οὗτος.
1. a furrow, only in acc. ὦλκα, ὦλκας, Hom., Mosch.
1. the eye, face, countenance, Hom., Hes.; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέςθαι τινί to look one in the face, Il.; and absol., εἰς ὦπα ἰδέςθαι Od.; but, θεῇς εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν in face she is like the goddesses, Il.
1. Lat. hora: any time or period, whether of the year, month, or day (νυκτός τε ὥραν καὶ μηνὸς καὶ ἐνιαυτοῦ Xen.): hence
2. a part of the year, a season; in pl. the seasons, Od., Hes., etc.; περιτελλομέναις ὥραις Soph.; τῆς ὥρας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ Thuc.:—at first three seasons were distinguished — spring, ἔαρος ὥρη, ὥρη εἰαρινή Hom.;— summer, θέρεος ὥρη Hes.; ὥρα θερινή Xen.;— winter, χείματος ὥρη Hes.; ὥρῃ χειμερίῃ Od.;—a fourth, ὀπώρα, first in Alcman.
3. absol. the prime of the year, springtime, ὅςα φύλλα γίγνεται ὥρῃ Hom.:—in historians, the part of the year available for war, the summer-season, or (as we say) the season, Thuc., etc.
4. the year generally, Hdt.; ἐν τῇ πέρυςιν ὥρᾳ last year, Dem., etc.
5. in pl. the quarters of the heavens, the summer being taken as south, winter as north, Hdt.
6. a part of the day, αἱ ὧραι τῆς ἡμέρας the times of day, i. e. morning, noon, evening, night, Xen.; also, νυκτὸς ἐν ὥρῃ in night time, Hhymn.; ὀψὲ τῆς ὥρας late in the day, Dem.
7. day and night were prob. first divided into twenty-four hours by Hipparchus (about 150 B. C.): but the division of the natural day (from sunrise to sunset) into twelve parts is mentioned by Hdt. (2. 109).
8. the time or season for a thing, ὅταν ὥ. ἥκῃ Xen., etc.
9. c. gen. rei, ὥρη κοίτοιο, ὕπνου the time for sleep, bed- time, Od.; ὥρη δόρποιο id=Od.; καρπῶν ὧραι Ar.
10. ὥρα [ἐςτίν], c. inf., 'tis time to do a thing, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὥρη εὕδειν Od.; δοκεῖ οὐχ ὥρα εἶναι καθεύδειν Xen., etc.
11. in adverb. usages, τὴν ὥρην at the right time, Hdt., Xen.; but, τὴν ὥ. at that hour, Hes.:— ἐν ὥρῃ in due time, in good time, Od., Ar.:—also, αἰεὶ ἐς ὥρας in successive seasons, Od.;— καθ̆ ὥραν Theocr.;— πρὸ τῆς ὥρας Xen.
12. metaph. the prime of life, youth, early manhood, ὥραν ἔχειν Aesch.; πάντες οἱ ἐν ὥρᾳ Plat., etc.; φεῦ φεῦ τῆς ὥρας! τοῦ κάλλους! ah! what youth! what beauty! Ar., etc.
13. = ta\ w(rai=a, the fruits of the year, Xen.
14. in mythol. sense, αἱ Ὧραι, the Hours, keepers of heaven's gate, Il.; and ministers of the gods, id=Il.; three in number, daughters of Zeus and Themis, Hes.; often therefore joined with the Χάριτες, Hhymn., Hes.
1. quickly, swiftly, fast, Hom.; strengthd., μάλ̆ ὦκα, ὦκα μάλ̆ id=Hom.
2. of Time, ὦκα ἔπειτα immediately thereafter, id=Hom.
1. Lat. humerus, the shoulder with the upper arm (ὠλένη, ulna, being the lower), ἐπ̆ ὤμου φέρειν Od.; ὤμοιςι φορέειν Il.; ἔχειν ἀνὰ ὤμῳ Od.; ὤμοιςι τοῖς ἐμοῖςι "by the strength of mine arms, " Hdt.; ἀποςτρέφειν τὸν ὦ. to dislocate it, Ar.
2. also of animals, as of a horse, Lat. armus, Il., Xen.
1. Lat. venum, purchase-money, a price, sum paid for a thing, Hom.; c. gen. rei, Λυκάονος ὦνον ἔδωκεν for Lycaon, Il.
2. purchase, Od.
1. paleness, wanness, esp. the pale hue of fear, ὦχρος δέ μιν εἷλε παρειάς Il.
1. demonstr. adv. of ὅδε:
2. of Manner, in this wise, so, thus, and (more strongly) so very, so exceedingly, Hom., etc.:— ὧδε is answered by ὡς, so . . , as . . , id=Hom.; followed by a relat., τίς ὧδε τληςικάρδιος, ὅτῳ . . ; Aesch.; ὧδέ πως somehow so, Xen., etc.
3. of Condition, πρόμολ̆ ὧδε come forth just as thou art, at once, Hom.
4. of something following, thus, as follows, id=Hom.; ὧδ̆ ἠμείψατο Soph.
5. c. gen., ὧδε γένους thus off for family, Eur.
6. of Place, hither, here, Soph., Theocr.
1. Oceanus, son of Uranus and Gaia, Hes.: wedded to Tethys, sire of Thetis, Il.—Homer's Oceanus is a great River (ὠκεανὸς ποταμός), which compasses the earth's disc, returning into itself (ἀψόρροος).
2. in later times, Ocean remained as the name of the great Outward Sea, opp. to the Inward or Mediterranean (θάλαςςα, πόντος), Hdt., Pind., etc.
1. Orion, one of the giants, a mighty hunter, loved by Aurora, slain by Artemis, Od.
2. a bright constellation named after him, which rose just after the summer solstice, and was usually followed by storms, Hom.
1. Olenos, a city of Achaia, Il.; prob. named from its lying in the bend (ὠλένη) of a hill.
1. Hades or Pluto (cf. Πλούτων), the god of the nether world, son of Kronus and Rhea, brother to Zeus, Ζεὺς καὶ ἐγώ, τρίτατος δ̆ Ἄιδης Il.; called Ζεὺς καταχθόνιος id=Il.; εἰν or εἰς Ἀί̈δαο (sc. δόμοις, δόμους) in, into the nether world, Hom.; εἰν Ἄϊδος Il.; ἐν Ἅιδου, ἐς Ἅιδου (sc. οἴκῳ, οἶκον) attic:— also Ἄϊδόςδε adv., Il.
2. as appellative,Hades, the world below, εἰςόκεν ἄϊδι κεύθωμαι id=Il.; ἐπὶ τὸν ᾅδην Luc.; εἰς ἀί̈δην Anth.; ἐν τῷ ᾅδῃ NTest.
3. the grave, death, ᾅδης πόντιος death by sea, Aesch., etc.
1. dat. sg. fem. of relat. Pron. ὅς, ἥ, ὁ, Hom.: freq. in adverb. sense
2. of Place, which way, where, whither, in or at what place, relat. to τῇ, Il., Soph.
3. of Manner, as, ᾗ καὶ Λοξίας ἐφήμιςεν Aesch., Thuc., etc.
4. wherefore, Lat. quare, id=Thuc.
5. in so far as, Lat. qua, quatenus, Xen.
6. joined with a Sup., ᾗ ἐδύνατο τάχιςτα as quick as he was able, id=Xen.; ᾗ ῥᾷςτά τε καὶ ἥδιςτα id=Xen.
1. a rod, wand, stick, switch, Lat. virga, Hom., Xen.
2. a magic wand, as that of Circe or Hermes, Hom.
3. a fishing-rod, Od.:—also a limed twig, for catching birds, Ar.
4. a spear-staff or shaft, Xen.
5. a staff of office, like the earlier ςκῆπτρον, Pind.
6. the wand borne by the ῥαψῳδός: hence, κατὰ ῥάβδον ἐπέων according to the measure of his (Homer's) verses, Pind.
7. a rod for chastisement, Plat.; αἱ ῥάβδοι the fasces of the Roman lictors, Plut.
8. a stripe or strip, Il.
1. to sew or stitch together, stich, Il., Ar.:— Mid., ῥάπτεςθαι ὀχετὸν δερμάτων to make oneself a pipe of leather, Hdt.; ῥαψάμενος τουτί (sc. τὸ προςκεφάλαιον) having got it stitched, Ar.; but also, to sew on or to one, id=Ar.:—Pass., ἐρράφθαι τὸ χεῖλος to have one's lip sewed up, Dem.
2. metaph. to devise, contrive, plot, Hom., etc.; proverb., τὸ ὑπόδημα ἔρραψας μὲν ςύ, ὑπεδήςατο δὲ Ἀριςταγόρης you made the shoe, but Aristagoras put it on, Hdt.
1. the lower part of the back, the chine, Il.: then, the spine or backbone, ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγῆναι to be impaled, Aesch.
2. anything ridged like the backbone, a mountain-ridge, Hdt.
1. easily, lightly, Il.
1. a limb, in pl. the limbs, body, Il.
2. in sg. the face, countenance, Soph., Eur.
1. properly of the descending scale, to incline downwards, to sink, fall, Lat. vergere, inclinare, Il., Ar.:—of things, to incline one way or the other, to be always shifting, Pind.; ὕπνος ἐπὶ βλεφάροις ῥέπων sleep falling upon the eyes, id=Pind.
2. of one of two contending parties, to preponderate, prevail, Hdt., Plat.
3. of persons, εὖ ῥέπει θεός is favourably inclined, Aesch.; ῥέπειν ἐπί τι to incline towards a thing, Dem.; εἴς or πρός τι Plat., Arist.; εἴς τινα Luc.
4. of duties, ῥ. εἴς τινα to fall or devolve upon one, Aesch., Soph.
5. of events, to fall, happen in a certain way, Soph.; r(. εἴς τι to turn or come to something, Aesch., Ar.
1. to flow, run, stream, gush, Hom., etc.:—with dat. of that which flows, πηγὴ ῥέει ὕδατι the fountain runs with water, Il.; ῥέεν αἵματι γαῖα id=Il.; ῥεῖ γάλακτι πέδον Eur.; of a river, μέγας ῥεῖ runs with full stream, Hdt.; so, πολὺς ῥεῖ, metaph. of men, Aesch.; of a river, also, ῥ. ἀπὸ χιόνος to derive its stream from melted snow, Hdt.:—proverb., ἄνω ῥέειν to flow backwards, of impossibilities, Eur.
2. metaph. of things, ἐκ χειρῶν βέλεα ῥέον from their hands rained darts, Il.; of a flow of words, ἀπὸ γλώςςης μέλιτος γλυκίων ῥέεν αὐδή id=Il.; absol., of the tongue, to run glibly, Aesch. (cf. Hor., salso multoque fluenti): of words or sentiments, to be current, Soph.
3. to fall, drop off, e. g. of hair, Od., Theocr.: then, generally, to flow or melt away, perish, Soph., Plat.
4. of persons, ῥ. ἐπί or εἴς τι to be inclined, given to a thing, Isocr., Plat.
5. very rarely trans. to let flow, pour, ἔρρει χοάς Eur.
6. c. acc. cogn., ῥείτω γάλα, μέλι let the land run milk, honey, Theocr.; οἶνον ῥέων Luc.
1. to break, break asunder or in pieces, rend, shiver, shatter, Hom., etc.:—to rend garments, in sign of grief, Aesch.:—Mid. to break for oneself, get broken, Il.
2. to break a line of battle or body of men, id=Il., Hdt.; in Mid., ῥήξαςθαι φάλαγγας, ςτίχας to break oneself a way through the lines, Il.; absol., ῥήξαςθαι to break or force one's way, id=Il.
3. to let break loose, let loose, id=Il.
4. ῥῆξαι φωνήν to let loose the voice, of children and persons who have been dumb breaking into speech, Hdt.: then to speak freely, speak out (like rumpere vocem, Virgil), id=Hdt., Ar., etc.
5. δακρύων ῥήξαςα νάματα having let loose floods of tears, Soph.; so, ῥ. κλαυθμόν Plut.
6. absol. in the form ῥήςςω, to beat the ground, dance, Il.
7. later, as a term of fighters, to fell, knock down, Dem.
8. Pass., mostly used in aor2 ἐρράγην [α], to break, burst, of waves, Il.; of clouds, Ar.
9. to break asunder, be rent, of the earth in an earthquake, Plat.; of garments, Xen.
10. to burst forth, like lightning, Ar.
11. of ships, to be wrecked, Dem.: metaph. of hopes, Aesch.
12. intr., like Pass., to break forth, of a river, to break its bounds, Hdt.:—metaph. of sudden misfortunes, bursts of passion, Soph.
13. in this intr. sense the perf. ἔρρωγα is commonly used of tears, id=Soph.; metaph., κακῶν πέλαγος ἔρρωγεν Aesch., etc.
1. more frosty, colder, Od.:—metaph. more horrible, Hom.
1. coldest: most horrible, Il.
1. a root, Od., attic: in pl. the roots, Hom.
2. metaph. the roots of the eye, Od.; the roots or foundations of the earth, Hes., Aesch., etc.
3. ἐκ ῥιζῶν, Lat. radicitus, Plut.
4. anything that grows like a root from one stem, whence Pindar calls Libya the τρίτη ῥίζα χθονός, considering the earth as divided into three continents.
5. metaph. the root or stock from which a family springs, Lat. stirps, Pind., Aesch., etc.; and so a race, family, Aesch., Eur., etc.
1. adv. lightly, swiftly, fleetly, Il., Aesch.
1. any jutting part of a mountain,
2. the peak, Hom.
3. a headland, foreland, Od., Thuc.
1. to throw, cast, hurl, Hom., etc.; ῥ. χθονί to throw on the ground, Soph.:— to cast a net, Pass., ἔρριπται ὁ βόλος the cast has been made, Orac. ap. Hdt.:— to throw or toss about, πλοκάμους Eur.
2. to cast out of house or land, Soph.:— Pass., μὴ ῥιφθῶ κυςίν id=Soph.
3. to throw off or away, of arms, clothes, Eur., etc.
4. ῥ. λόγους to cast them forth, hurl them, Aesch., Eur.:—but also, to throw them away, waste them, Aesch., Eur.: Pass., οἴχεται ταῦτ̆ ἐρριμμένα Soph.
5. to cast lots or dice, Eur., Plat.
6. ῥ. ἑαυτόν to throw or cast oneself down, Xen.;—then absol. to fling oneself, ἐς πόντον Theogn.; ἐς τάφρον Eur.
1. the nose, Lat. nasus, Hom., Hdt., etc.
2. in pl. the nostrils, nose, Lat. nares, Il., etc.
3. a pipe or conduit.
1. to sprinkle, besprinkle, ῥάςςατε (sc. δῶμα ὕδατι) Od.; αἵματι βωμόν Eur.:—Pass., πύργοι αἵματι ἐρράδατ̆ Il.; αἵματι δ̆ ἐρράδαται τοῖχοι Od.:—of dust, ἵπποι ῥαίνοντο κονίηι Il.
2. metaph., ῥ. τινὰ ὕμνωι Pind.
3. to sprinkle, with acc. of the thing sprinkled, ῥαίνειν ἐς τὰ βλέφαρα to sprinkle (vinegar) in their eyes, Ar.
1. to break, shiver, shatter, wreck, Od.;— Pass., ῥαιόμενος one shipwrecked, id=Od.; φάςγανον ἐρραίςθη was shivered, Il.
2. to crush, destroy, in Pass., Aesch., Soph.
1. slender, taper, Il., Theogn., etc.
2. of the limbs or body, taper, slim, Hes., Theogn.
3. generally, tender or mobile, ὄςςε Aesch.
1. a drop, Il., Hes.
2. of solids, a grain, bit, Il.
1. a hammer, Il., Aesch.
1. easily, lightly, Hom.; θεοὶ ῥεῖα ζώοντες the gods who live at ease, Lat. securum agentes aevom, id=Hom.; strengthd. ῥεῖα μάλ̆ Il.
1. that which flows, a river, stream, mostly in pl., ποταμοῖο ῥέεθρα Il.; Στυγὸς ὕδατος αἰπὰ ῥ. id=Il.; streams of blood, Aesch.:—sg., Hdt., Aesch.
2. the bed or channel of a river, Il., Hdt.
1. the sea breaking on the beach, the line of breakers, surf, Hom.; ἐπὶ or παρὰ ῥηγμῖνι θαλάςςης by the edge of the sea, id=Hom.
1. that can be broken or rent, penetrable, Il.
1. breaking through armed ranks, Hom.
1. a speaker, Il.
1. stated, specified, Il.; ἐς χρόνον ῥητόν at a set or stated time, Hdt.; ἡμέραι ῥ. Thuc.; ἐπὶ ῥητοῖς γέραςι with fixed prerogatives, id=Thuc.; ῥ. ἀργύριον a stated sum, id=Thuc.; ἐπὶ ῥητοῖς on stated terms, on certain conditions, Hdt., Eur.:—adv. r(htw=s, expressly, distinctly, NTest.
2. spoken of, known, famous, Hes.
3. that may be spoken or told, Aesch., Soph.; ῥητὸν ἄρρητόν τ̆ ἔπος, Lat. fas nefasque, Soph.
4. in Mathem., ῥητά are rational quantities, opp. to surds (ἄλογα), Plat.
1. to shiver or shudder with cold: metaph. to shudder with fear or horror, Il., Soph.:—c. inf. to shudder to do, shrink from doing, Il.; also, ῥ. μὴ . . , Od.
2. to cool or slacken in zeal, Pind.
3. to bristle with arms, Theocr.
4. trans. to shudder at anything, Il.
1. making one shudder with cold, chilling: metaph., ῥιγεδανὴ Ἑλένη Helen at whose name one shudders, horrible, Il.
1. shield-piercing, Il., Hes.
1. a hide, Il.
2. = r(ino/s II. 2, a shield, Od.
1. the skin of a man, Hom.
2. the hide of a beast, esp. an ox-hide, id=Hom.
3. an ox-hide shield, id=Hom.
1. the swing or force with which anything is thrown, Lat. impetus, αἰγανέης ῥιπή the flight of a javelin, Il.; ῥιπὴ Βορέαο the sweep or rush of the N. wind, id=Il.; ῥιπὴ Διόθεν, of a storm, Aesch.; ἐννυχιᾶν ἀπὸ ῥιπᾶν prob. means from the quarter of the night storms, i.e. from the North, Soph.; ῥ. πυρός the rush of fire, Il.
2. ῥ. πτερύγων a flapping of wings, Aesch.; of the buzz of a gnat's wing, id=Aesch.; of quivering light, ῥιπαὶ ἄςτρων Soph.; of any rapid movement, ῥ. ποδῶν Eur.; ἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ in the twinkling of an eye, NTest.
1. to throw to and fro, toss about, Lat. jactare, Il.; ὀφρύςι ῥιπτάζειν to move the eyebrows up and down, Hhymn.:—Pass. to be tossed about, Plut.
1. a river, stream, flood, Hom., etc.; mostly in pl., ἐπ̆ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων Il.; ἀμπέλου ῥοαί the juice of the grape, Eur.:—metaph. the stream of song or poesy, Pind.; also, ῥοαί the tide of affairs, id=Pind.
1. waving, flickering, Il.
1. rosy-fingered, of Aurora, Hom.
1. of roses, Il., Eur.
2. rose-coloured, Anth.
1. to whistle, Lat. stridere, Il.; of a snake, to hiss, Hes.:—Pass. to rush through the air, ἐρροίζητο (3rd sg. plup.) Anth.
1. the whistling or whizzing of an arrow, Il.:—any whistling or piping sound, as of a shepherd, Od.
2. rushing motion, a rush, swing, Plut.
1. the pole of a carriage, Il., Hdt.; ἐν πρώτῳ ῥυμῷ at the end of the pole, Il.
1. to drag about, πολλὰ ῥυςτάζεςκεν (3rd sg. ionic imperf.) περὶ ςῆμα he dragged it many times round the grave of Patroclus, Il.; δμωὰς ῥυςτάζειν κατὰ δώματα, Od.
1. drawn up, shrivelled, wrinkled, Il., Eur., etc.; ῥ. ἐπιςκύνιον, of a frown, Anth.
1. broken, cleft, rent, torn, Hom.
1. brushes, brushwood, Il.
1. ionic and epic ῥοιή, a pomegranate-tree, Od.
2. the fruit, a pomegranate, Hhymn., Ar.
3. a knob shaped like a pomegranate, Hdt.
1. a stream, flow, current, Hom., etc.; ποταμοὺς ἔτρεψε νέεςθαι κὰρ ῥόον to flow in their own bed, Il.; κατὰ ῥόον down stream, Od., Hdt., etc.; πρὸς ῥόον against stream, Il.:— a current at sea, Thuc.
1. a club, cudgel, thicker at the buttend; used to cudgel an ass, Il.; to walk with, Od., etc.:— a war-club or mace, shod with metal, id=Od., Hdt.
2. = r(o/ptron III, Xen.
1. to draw to oneself, i. e. draw out of danger, to rescue, save, deliver, Hom., Hes., etc.; ῥ. τινα ὑπὲκ θανάτου, ὑπὲκ κακοῦ to save from . . , Hom.;—so c. gen., ῥ. τινα τοῦ μὴ κατακαυθῆναι Hdt.; or c. inf. alone, ῥ. τινα θανεῖν or μὴ κατθανεῖν Eur.: also, to save from an illness, cure, Hdt.: to set free, redeem, Il.; ἐκ δουλοςύνης Hdt.
2. generally, to shield, guard, protect, of guardian gods, chiefs, etc., Il. etc.:—of defensive armour, id=Il.
3. Soph. has ῥῦςαι in a double sense, ῥῦςαι ςεαυτὸν . . , ῥῦςαι δὲ μίαςμα τοῦ τεθνηκότος deliver thyself,—and deliver us from the pollution; so, ῥ. τὰς αἰτίας to remove the charges, Thuc.
4. to draw back, to hold back, check, Od., Pind.
5. to keep off, Pind.
1. that which is dragged away:
2. booty, prey, ῥύςια ἐλαύνεςθαι, of cattle, Il.; τοῦ ῥυςίου θ̆ ἥμαρτε, i. e. Helen., Aesch.
3. that which is seized as a pledge, a pledge, surety, ῥύςια δοῦναι Solon.; ῥύςιον τιθέναι Soph.
4. that which is seized by way of reprisal, φόνον φόνου ῥύςιον τῖςαι to suffer death in reprisal for death, id=Soph.
5. in pl. offerings for deliverance, Anth.
1. a flowing, flow, Plat.
2. the course of a river, stream, Polyb.
1. to move with speed or violence, to dart, rush, rush on, Hom.; ῥ. περὶ πυρήν Od.; ἀμφ̆ Ἀχελώιον ἐρρώςαντο danced about Achelous, Il.; χορὸν ἐρρώςαντο plied the lusty dance, Hhymn.; ὑπὸ ῥώοντο ἄνακτι lustily they moved under the king's weight, Il.; so, γούνατα ἐρρώςαντο Od.; also of the hair, ἐρρώοντο μετὰ πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο it waved streaming in the wind, Il.
1. easy, ready, easy to make or do, opp. to χαλεπός, Hom., etc.; ῥηίδιόν τοι ἔπος a word easy for thee to understand, Od.:—c. inf., τάφρος ῥηιδίη περῆςαι easy to pass over, Il.; ῥηίτεροι πολεμίζειν easier to fight with, id=Il.
2. ῥᾴδιόν ἐςτι it is easy to do a thing, c. inf., Pind., Thuc.; c. acc. et inf., τύραννον εὐςεβεῖν οὐ ῥᾴδιον Soph.; also, ῥᾷςτοί εἰςιν ἀμύνεςθαι ͂ ῥᾴδιόν ἐςτιν αὐτοὺς ἀμύνεςθαι, Thuc.
3. also, ῥᾴδιόν ἐςτι it is a light matter, you think little of doing, παρ̆ ὑμῖν ῥ. ξενοκτονεῖν Eur.
4. of persons, easy, complaisant, Lat. facilis, commodus, Dem.:—in bad sense, reckless, Luc.
5. adv. r(a|di/ws, epic and ionic ῥηιδίως, easily, lightly, readily, willingly, Hom., etc.; ῥᾳδίως φέρειν to bear lightly, make light of a thing, Eur., etc.
6. in bad sense, lightly, recklessly, rashly, Thuc.; ῥᾳδίως οὕτω in this easy, thoughtless way, Plat.
7. comp., ῥᾷον φέρειν Thuc.
8. Sup. ῥᾷςτα, esp. in phrases, ῥᾷςτα φέρειν Soph.; ὡς ῥᾷςτα φέρειν Aesch.
1. a rug, blanket, used as the covering of a bed or seat, Hom.; or as a garment, Od.

1. ἄειδε, for the form see § 41. The Attic present is ᾄδω. Like Latin cano, it admits an object (μῆνιν) in the accusative. Cf. ᾠδάς τινας ᾄδοντες
2. θεά, § 66; elsewhere called ‘Muse,’ but Homer applies no more definite name than this to the goddess of epic song.— Πηληιάδεω, for ending, § 65, § 68; scansion, § 43; composition, § 157.
3. Ἀχιλῆος, declension, § 86, § 87.
1. οὐλομένην, ‘the baneful wrath’; for spelling, § 35. Translate as closely as possible in the Greek order, so as to retain the original emphasis; here ‘wrath’ may be repeated.
2. μυρί̆, elided vowel, § 40.1; meaning, § 109.
3. Ἀχαιοῖς, originally a tribal name, then used for ‘Greeks’ in general.
4. ἄλγε̆, elision, § 40.1; declension, § 78, § 91.
5. ἔθηκεν, ‘made,’ a common Homeric meaning of τίθημι.
1. ἰφθίμους agrees with ψυχάς, the masculine doing duty as feminine.
2. Ἄιδι (Attic Ἅιδῃ, i. e. ᾅδῃ), declension, § 96; as used by Homer, almost always indicates the god himself, ‘Hades.’
1. αὐτούς, ‘the men themselves,’ τὰ ςώματα, in contrast with the ψυχάς.
2. τεῦχε, not augmented, § 125.
3. κύνεςςιν (Attic κυςί for κυν + ςι), declension. § 78, § 82.
1. οἰωνοῖςι, declension, § 73, § 76.
2. Διός, declension, § 98.
3. δ̆（έ), ‘while’; it will be observed that δέ must often be rendered not by this word only, but also by ‘for’ and even ‘although.’
4. ἐτελείετο, spelling, § 150.
5. βουλή, the ‘purpose’ to defeat the Achaeans and to confer honor on the injured Achilles, in answer to Thetis's prayer; all this will be developed later.
1. ἐξ οὗ κτλ. (καὶ τὰ λοιπά = et cetera), ‘from the time when once they quarreled and parted’; to be joined in thought with l. 1: ‘sing of the wrath from the time when’ etc.
2. διαςτήτην, not augmented, § 125.
1. Ἀτρεΐδης, formation, § 157. Agamemnon is meant, as is suggested by the appositive ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν. In another context the word might indicate his brother Menelaus as well (cf. , 350, 361).
2. ἄναξ, on the hiatus, § 25, § 27, 60.
3. Ἀχιλλεύς, spelled with two λ's (compare Ἀχιλῆος, l. 1), § 39.
1. With an art that has formed a model for succeeding epic poets, Homer takes up the story in the very middle with an exciting incident. What has gone before he allows to come to light gradually. The incidents of the Iliad occupy about seven weeks (forty-nine days) of the tenth year of the siege of Troy (cf. , ); the first book occupies twenty-one days of this time.
2. ἄρ, on the different forms of this little word, which, though indicating various shades of feeling, is often untranslatable, see § 49.1.
3. ςφωε, enclitic pronoun, third person, accusative dual, § 110.
4. θεῶν, partitive genitive with τίς.
5. ξυν-έηκε, the syllabic augment points to the fact that ἵημι originally began with a consonant; on the spelling, § 41.
6. μάχεςθαι, syntax, § 212.
1. Λητοῦς, form, § 94.
2. υἱός, named in l. 14.
3. ὅ, personal pronoun, § 118.2.
4. βαςιλῆι (Attic βαςιλεῖ), declension, § 86.
1. ἀνὰ ςτρατόν, ‘through the camp.’
2. ὀλέκοντο, poetic verb: ‘and the soldiers kept dying.’ On neglect of augment, § 125.
3. λαοί, declension and Attic equivalent, § 77.
1. οὕνεκα, ‘because’; form, § 45.
2. τόν, probably demonstrative, § 118.1: ‘that’ Chryses, celebrated in epic song.
3. ἀρητῆρα, composition, § 156.1.
1. νῆας, declension, § 101; Attic ναῦς (GG. 136).
1. λυςόμενος expresses purpose.— θύγατρα (Attic θυγατέρα), § 85.— ἄποινα, probably in the form of gold, bronze, and raiment.
1. ‘With the fillet of far-darting Apollo in his hands, upon a golden staff.’ In classical times suppliants regularly carried boughs entwined with wool, when urging their petitions, as is shown by various passages in later literature. Here the priest brings the sacred woolen fillet of his god on his own priestly staff. If ςτέμματ̆（α）—and not ςτέμμα τ̆（ε）—is the true reading, the plural is probably used with reference to the parts of wool that composed the fillet; cf. notes on , 55. Below (l. 28) the singular occurs.
2. ἑκηβόλου, short ultima in scansion, § 25.1.
3. Ἀπόλλωνος, quantity of initial vowel, § 30.
1. χρυςέῳ (Attic χρυςῷ), lack of contraction. § 41; synizesis, § 43; the resulting syllable scanned short, § 25, 1. As to the meaning of ‘golden’ staff, see note on l. 246.
1. Ἀτρεΐδα, accusative dual, § 65.
2. δύω, Attic δύο.
3. κοςμήτορε, composition, § 156.1.
1. ἐυκνήμιδες, ‘well-greaved’; see Introduction on Homeric armor. 30.
1. θεοί, scanned as one syllable, § 43.
2. δοῖεν, why optative? § 201.
1. Πριάμοιο, declension, § 73.
2. πόλιν, the ultima, though short, receives the ictus, § 32.
3. ἐύ = Attic εὖ. In the text this adverb is printed as two syllables in the fourth foot before the bucolic diaeresis ( § 11, § 19) and in the second half of the fifth foot. In other places in the verse both the contracted and the resolved forms occur.
1. λῦςαι ... δέχεςθαι, infinitives for imperatives, § 213.
2. τά, probably demonstrative, § 118.1.
1. ἁζόμενοι agrees with ὑμεῖς understood.
1. ἐπ-ευ-φήμηςαν, ‘cried out in approval’; the temporal augment is neglected, unnecessarily, for the reading might as well be ἐπ-ηυ-φήμηςαν.
1. αἰδεῖςθαι, complementary to ἐπευφήμηςαν, which amounts to a verb of commanding: ‘to reverence the priest.’
2. θ̆ = τε.
3. ἱερῆα, like βαςιλῆα (Attic βαςιλέα_), § 86.
4. δέχθαι, spelling, § 131.
1. οὐκ ... ἥνδανε, ‘it [i. e. to respect the priest and to accept the ransom] pleased not Agamemnon in his heart.’
2. ἥνδανε, on the hiatus, § § 27; 61, 1.
3. θυμῷ, syntax, § 177 (a).
1. ἐπὶ ... ἔτελλεν, tmesis, § 163, § 165.
2. μῦθον, ‘threat.’
1. μή ςε ... κιχείω, ‘let me not find you’ § 193).
2. κοίλῃςιν, declension, § 65, § 71; Attic κοίλαις.
3. νηυςί, declined, § 101.
4. κιχείω, where found? § 149.
1. νυ, § 49.2.
2. τοι, enclitic pronoun, § 110.
1. τήν, personal pronoun, § 118.2.
2. πρίν κτλ., ‘ere then shall old age overtake her.’
3. μιν, enclitic pronoun, here = Attic αὐτήν, § 110. It may be used for masculine and neuter also.
1. For the hiatus between ἡμετέρῳ and ἐνί (Attic ἐν) see § 25.4.
2. οἴκῳ originally began with a consonant, § 61.28.
3. ἐν Ἄργεϊ (declined like ἔπος, § § 91 and 41), the district in the Peloponnesus ruled by Agamemnon; the seat of his power was Mycenae. Cf. note on l. 79.
4. πάτρης (Attic πατρίδος), syntax, § 175.
1. ‘Moving to and fro before the loom and sharing my bed.’ The construction of λέχος is remarkable; it may be considered a “limit of motion” accusative § 179); but elsewhere ἀντιάω takes a partitive genitive.
1. ςαώτερος, in emphatic position, to be translated after ὡς.
2. κε, enclitic particle, § 49.3.
3. νέηαι, form, § 142.1; syntax, § 196.
1. ὣς ἔφατ̆（ο) = Attic οὕτως ἔφη.
2. ἔδδειςεν, for double δ, § 62.1; ν movable in spite of the following δ̆（έ), § 50.
3. ὁ γέρων, § 119 (a).
1. βῆ, accent, § 126.
2. παρὰ θῖνα, ‘along the strand.’
3. πολυφλοίςβοιο, imitative of the sound of the wind-swept sea.
1. πολλά, object of ἠρᾶθ̆ (= ἠρᾶτο, from ἀράομαι): ‘earnestly prayed.’
2. ὁ γεραιός, use of article, § 119 (a).
1. τόν, relative pronoun, § 118.4; cf. ‘that’ in English.
1. μευ, enclitic pronoun, § 110; contraction, § 42.
2. ἀμφιβέβηκας, to be translated by present tense, ‘guardest,’ § 187. The metaphor involved is illustrated by the line:
4. ἀμφὶ δ̆ ἄρ̆ αὐτῷ βαῖν̓ ὥς τις περὶ πόρτακι μήτηρ (P 4), ‘Menelaus strode before him [the slain Patroclus] like a cow before her calf,’ to give protection. Compare also E 299.
1. ζαθέην, composition, § 160.
2. τε ἶφι, hiatus, § 61.21.
1. εί ποτε κτλ., ‘if ever I roofed overhead a temple pleasing in thy sight.’ The temple plays no further part in the story of Chryses; but the altar does appear later. In the earlier times the gods were worshiped at altars in the open air; but some distinct references to temples will be noticed later in the poem (; , ).
2. ἔπι, adverb, § 162, § 164.
3. νηόν, declension, § 77.
1. κατὰ ... ἔκηα (Attic κατέκαυςα), § 163, § 165.
1. ἠδ̆（έ), common Homeric equivalent of καί.
2. κρήηνον (Attic κρᾶνον), from κραιαίνω (Attic κραίνω).
3. ἐέλδωρ, spelling, § 61.13.
1. ‘May the Danaans pay for my tears by thy shafts.’ τίςειαν, syntax, § 201.
2. Δαναοί, another name for the ‘Greeks’ in general, regarded as the ‘people of Danaus,’ the mythical Argive king.
3. ςοῖςι, meaning, § 113; declension, § 76.
4. βέλεςςιν, declined like ἔπος, § 91, § 83.
1. τοῦ, personal pronoun, § 118.2.
1. κατ̆ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, ‘down from the summits of Olympus.’— Οὐλύμποιο = Attic Ὀλύμπου.
2. καρήνων, declined, § 100.
3. κῆρ, accusative, ‘at heart.’
1. τόξα, a single bow; plural because made of parts fitted together.
2. ὤμοιςιν, declension, § 76; syntax, § 177.
3. φαρέτρην, spelling, § 64.
1. χωομένοιο, of him ‘in his anger.’
1. αὐτοῦ κινηθέντος, ‘as the god started up.’
2. ἤιε, Attic ᾔει, from εἶμι.
3. ἐοικώς, for the original spelling cf. § 61.24.
1. νεῶν, declension, § 101.
2. μέτα, adverb, § 162, § 164.
3. ἕηκεν, see note on l. 8.
1. ‘And a dreadful clang arose from the silver bow.’ With the imitative words ἔκλαγξαν (l. 46) and κλαγγή compare λίγξε βιός (), which expresses a similar idea.
2. ἀργυρέοιο, uncontracted, § 41.
1. οὐρῆας, declined like βαςιλεύς, § 86.
2. ἐπ-ῴχετο, ‘he assailed.’
1. ‘But next he sped his keen shaft at the men themselves [αὐτοῖςι] and kept shooting.’—Either βέλος (note the long ultima) ἐχεπευκές illustrates ictus lengthening § 33) or the force of the original sigma of [ς]εχεπευκές is still felt.
1. βάλλ̆, elision, § 40.1.
2. αἰεί = Attic ἀεί.
3. νεκύων, genitive of material with πυραί (cf. GG. 506).
4. θαμεῖαι, to be translated in the predicate, after the Greek order: ‘thickly,’ one after another.
1. κῆλα = βέλεα (cf. l. 51).
1. τῇ δεκάτῃ, ‘on the tenth day,’ like the Attic construction.
2. ἀγορήνδε, spelling, § 64; suffix, § 155.5.
3. καλέςςατο, double sigma, § 53.
1. τῷ, personal pronoun, § 118.2; syntax, § 176.
2. φρεςί, φρένες, diaphragm of the body; used by the Greeks for the seat of thought and emotion; cf. English ‘heart.’—Here (Attic ‘Hera’) and Athene (Attic ‘Athena’) were hostile to the Trojans. Why?
1. ῥα, § 49.1.
2. ὁρᾶτο, § 125. Homer uses the middle of this verb in active sense.
1. ἤγερθεν, form, § 136.8.
1. τοῖςι, dative of interest § 176), ‘rising up before them.’
2. δέ here has the force of a weakened δή, ‘then,’ § 31. It can not be translated in this place by ‘but’ or ‘and’; yet by some it is believed to have once had that force, even here, surviving as a relic of the time when, in primitive language, all clauses were coördinated—when there was no “hypotaxis,” but only “parataxis.”
1. ἄμμε, pronoun of first person, § 110.
2. πλαγχθέντας, from πλάζω, —‘Now I think that we, driven back, shall return home again, if possibly we should escape death—if, in fact, both war and pestilence are at the same time to destroy the Achaeans.’
1. εἴ κεν ... φύγοιμεν § 208) expresses a possibility more remote than εἰ ... δαμᾷ (l. 61).
1. εἰ δή, ‘if in fact’ is nearly equivalent to ‘since in fact.’
2. δαμᾷ (future indicative, § 151) agrees with one subject only, like χραίςμῃ, l. 28.
1. ἐρείομεν, form, § 148; hortatory.
1. τε, observe that this word helps out the meter and also accompanies a general statement; it is often not to be translated.
1. ‘Who may say [potential—or “hypothetical”—optative, § 206] why Phoebus Apollo has become so much angered.’
2. τόςςον, spelling, § 51.1.
1. ὅ γ̆（ε), ‘he,’ with very slight emphasis.
2. εὐχωλῆς, ἑκατόμβης, genitives of cause; the vow may have been unfulfilled, the hecatomb neglected.
1. ‘In the hope that when he has shared in the savor of unblemished lambs and goats, he may be willing to avert destruction from us’; cf. § 198.
2. αἰ = Attic εἰ.
3. κνίςης, partitive genitive with ἀντιάςας.
1. βούλεται, subjunctive? § 147.
2. ἡμῖν, dative of advantage (interest), ‘from us’; literally ‘for us.’
3. ἀπὸ ... ἀμῦναι, tmesis, § 163.
1. ἦ τοι, often ‘to be sure,’ here little more than ‘well.’
2. κατ̆ ... ἕζετο = Attic ἐκαθέζετο.
3. τοῖςι, cf. l. 58.
1. Θεςτορίδης, composition, § 157.
1. ᾔδει, § 61, § 23; 136, 10.
2. What makes ὅς a long syllable? § 37.— τὰ ἐόντα = Attic τὰ ὄντα, ‘the present’: τὰ ἐςςόμενα = τὰ ἐςόμενα, ‘the future’; τὰ πρὸ ἐόντα, ‘the past.’
3. τε ... τε ... τε, ‘both ... and ... and.’
1. νήεςςι, form, § 101.
2. εἴςω, adverb, to be translated before Ἴλιον, which is an accusative of limit of motion.
1. ‘By means of his seer's art, which Phoebus Apollo had given to him.’
2. ἥν, possessive adjective, § 113; not an Attic prose word.
3. τήν, relative, § 118.4.
4. οἱ, enclitic pronoun, § 110. Homer uses this word commonly as a personal pronoun, while in Attic Greek it is normally an indirect reflexive only.
1. ςφιν, enclitic pronoun, § 110.
1. κέλεαι, form, § 142.1. Calchas felt himself bidden to speak on account of his preëminence among the seers; cf. l. 62.
2. μυθήςαςθαι, ‘to interpret,’ ‘to explain.’
1. Note that the ultima of Ἀπόλλωνος is long before ἑκατηβελέταο § 37). For declension of the latter word see § 65.
1. ἐρέω, form, § 41.
2. ςύνθεο, form, § 142.2, a.
3. ὄμοςςον, spelling, § 53.
1. ἦ μέν § 31) = Attic ἦ μήν, used in asseverations: ‘yea verily’ or ‘in very truth.’
2. πρόφρων, ‘with all your heart,’ agreeing with subject of ὄμοςςον (GG. 571), but belonging in sense with the understood subject (‘you’) of ἀρήξειν.
3. ἔπεςιν ( § 91, § 50) καὶ χερςίν, ‘in word and in deed.’
1. ἦ γὰρ κτλ., ‘for truly I think I shall enrage a man.’
2. χολωςέμεν, infinitive, § 137.2.
1. Ἀργεΐων, ‘Argives,’ a third name for the Greeks, the other two being Δαναοί (l. 42) and Ἀχαιοί.
2. Ἀργέιοι meant originally the people dwelling in Ἄργος, which at first seems to have indicated the plain of central Thessaly, neighboring to Ἑλλάς. But the name Ἄργος (or Ἄργος Ἀχαιικόν, as it is four times called) was early extended to the whole Peloponnesus. The Thessalian district is once called ‘Pelasgic Argos,’ in distinction (B 681).—The Ἀχαιοί once dwelt in southern Thessaly—in Ἑλλάς and Φθίη, apparently adjacent but distinct districts. The important fact is that the poets use these names (Ἀργέιοι and Ἀχαιοί) freely to indicate all the Greeks; while the name so used later—Ἕλληνες—stands in Homer for a single tribe only, that dwelt in Ἑλλάς (of southern Thessaly). Even of the Homeric Hellas the boundaries are indefinite, and traces of an application of the name more extended than its original use appear in late parts of the Homeric poems (, , , , 816, ).
3. οἱ is dative singular, as is shown by the fact that it is enclitic: ‘him [in English, ‘whom’] the Achaeans obey.’
1. κρείςςων, spelling, § 56.
2. βαςιλεύς, supply ἐςτί, as very often. —On omission of ἄν or κε with the present general protasis, see § 197.
3. χώςεται, subjunctive, § 144, II.
1. ‘For even if he swallows his anger for that day, indeed, yet [ἀλλά] he keeps a grudge afterward in his heart, until he satisfies it.’
2. εἰ ...καταπέψῃ, in same construction as χώςεται (l. 80).
3. τε ... τε, not translatable, accompanying the general statement, as often in Homer.
1. ὄφρα τελέςςῃ (spelling, § 52), present general protasis § 197).— ὄφρα is poetic only; the Attic equivalent here is ἕως, μέχρι, or a similar word.
1. ςτήθεςςιν, declension, § 91, § 52.
2. ἑοῖςι, § § 113; 61, 6. Cf. ἥν, l. 72.
3. φράςαι εἰ, ‘consider whether.’
1. θαρςήςας, ‘pluck up courage’; as the present of this verb indicates a state or condition, ‘to be courageous,’ the aorist may denote the entrance into that condition (GG. 464); this principle is frequently illustrated in the text of Homer.
2. μάλα, ‘surely,’ ‘without fail,’ strengthens εἰπέ. Account for the hiatus; § 61.16.
3. θεοπρόπιον, note that the last syllable, though short, receives the ictus; § 33.
4. οἶςθα, § 61.23.
1. οὐ, translate the negative later with τις (l. 88), before which in fact it is repeated.
2. ᾧ τε, the τε is not translatable, § 123.3: ‘by prayer to whom, Calchas, you reveal oracles to the Danaans.’
1. ἐμεῦ § 110) ζῶντος ... δερκομένοιο, genitive absolute.
1. ςοί, after ἐπί in composition.
2. ἐποίςει, future of ἐπι-φέρω.
3. κοίλῃς, cf. l. 26.
1. Δαναῶν, partitive genitive with οὔ τις (l. 88).
2. Ἀγαμέμνονα εἴπῃς, account for the hiatus; § 61.16.
1. πολλόν, ‘by far,’ declension, § 105.
1. θάρςηςε, cf. note on l. 85.
2. ηὔδαε, αὐδάω.
1. οὐδ̆（έ), ‘for ... not’; cf. notes on ll. 5 and 124.
1. τοὔνεκα, form, § 45.
1. πριν ... πρίν (l. 98) = Attic πρότερον (or πρόςθεν) ... πρίν: in translation omit the former πρίν. What construction follows πρίν in Attic Greek after a negative clause? See note on B 414 and cf. GG. 644 b and d.
2. Δαναοῖςι, for dative cf. l. 67, ἡμῖν.
3. ἀπώςει, future of ἀπ-ωθέω.
1. ἀπὸ ... δόμεναι, tmesis, § 163.
2. δόμεναι, form, § 137.1, b. The subject ‘they’ (supply τινά) is purposely indefinite.
3. κούρην = Attic κόρην. Cf. the accusative plural κόρας
1. Explain θ̆, comparing l. 23.
1. Χρύςην, here the name of the place, not of the person.
2. ἱλαςςάμενοι, spelling, § 53.
3. πεπίθοιμεν, form, § 128. ‘Then may we propitiate and persuade him.’
4. μιν = αὐτόν.
1. μένεος, form, § 91. ‘With rage his gloomy heart was brimming’ (‘was greatly filled’).—On φρένες cf. note, l. 55.
1. ὄςςε δέ οἱ § 61.6), ‘and his eyes’; syntax of οἱ, § 176.
2. ἐίκτην, pluperfect dual from ἔοικα § 61.24), ‘were like.’
1. κάκ̆ ὀςςόμενος, ‘with evil look,’ a phrase contrasting with ἐὺ φρονέων, l. 73. The penult of the adjective κακά (cf. 3.86, δολίχ̆) receives an acute accent, as is regular when there is elision of the originally accented syllable. The rule applies likewise to pronouns (ἔμ̆, l. 133), verbs (εἴς̆, l. 566), etc.; but prepositions and conjunctions lose their accent if the accented syllable is elided (GG. 34 a, b).
2. προς-έειπεν § 61.16) = Attic προςεῖπεν.
1. ‘Evils are always dear to your heart to prophesy.’
2. μαντεύεςθαι § 211) limits φίλα, ‘dear for prophesying’; the original dative force of the infinitive is here quite apparent (GG. 562).
1. ἐςθλόν = Attic ἀγαθόν, here in sense of ‘pleasant,’ ‘gratifying.’— What is the metrical quantity of the ultima of εἶπας in its position before ἔπος? § 61.16.
1. ὡς δὴ τοῦδ̆ ἕνεκα, ‘that doubtless for this reason,’ defined in the following line.
2. ςφιν, see l. 73.
1. οὕνεκα, ‘because,’ as in l. 11.
2. Χρυςηίδος, composition, § 158.— The ‘ransom of the maid Chryseis’ means the ransom offered for her.
1. βούλομαι, ‘prefer.’
1. Κλυταιμνήςτρης, genitive after the comparative idea in προβέβουλα. The correct ancient spelling of this name is Κλυταιμήςτρη (Attic -α_).
1. ἐπεὶ οὔ ἑθεν κτλ., ‘since she is not inferior to her,’ literally ‘since she [Chryseis] is not worse than she [Clytaemnestra].’
2. οὔ ἑθεν, why not οὐχ? § 61, § 6; 110.
3. χερείων = Attic χείρων.
1. δέμας κτλ., accusatives of specification. This line seems to summarize the excellent qualities of the Homeric woman: δέμας, ‘figure,’ φυήν, ‘growth,’ ‘stature,’ φρένας, ‘sense,’ ἔργα, ‘handiwork.’ The Homeric man should have φυή, φρένες, and ἀγορητύς, ‘power of discourse’ ().
2. τι, ‘at all.’
1. καὶ ὥς, ‘even so,’ i. e. although all this is true.—With δόμεναι supply ‘her’ as object.—After τό γε supply ἐςτί, the very common Homeric ellipsis.
1. βούλομ̆, elision, § 40.3.
2. ἔμμεναι, form, § 137.6.
3. ἤ, ‘rather than.’
1. οἶος, ‘alone,’ not to be confused with οἷος, ‘such as.’
1. ἔω (Attic ὦ), subjunctive of εἰμί, in a purpose clause introduced by ὄφρα, which is here a final conjunction (Attic ἵνα); compare l. 82, an example of the temporal use.
2. οὐδὲ ἔοικεν, account for the hiatus; § 61.24. ‘It is not seemly at all’ for me to lack a prize.
1. τό γε, ‘this,’ demonstrative § 118.1), referring to the following clause.
2. ὅ μοι § 176) γέρας κτλ., ‘that my prize goes elsewhere.’
3. ὅ = ὅτι, § 123.7.
1. ἠμείβετο, cf. ἀπ-αμειβόμενος (l. 84).
1. γάρ, [your demand is unfair and impossible,] ‘for’ etc. It is perhaps as well, however, not to attempt to render γάρ, if the translation is likely to be cumbersome. ‘Why!’ often gives it (GG. 672).
1. ‘For we do not longer [ἔτι] know of common goods treasured up anywhere in abundance.’ In translation, οὐδέ may be rendered as two words (‘and ... not,’ ‘for ... not’) if it seems better.
2. ἴδμεν, form, § 57.
3. ξυνήια = Attic κοινά, here a substantive.
4. κείμενα, the familiar passive, in meaning, of τίθημι = ‘deposit.’
5. πολλά is a predicate adjective.
1. τὰ ... τά, § 118.4 and 1: ‘what we plundered from the cities —that is distributed.
2. πολίων (Attic πόλεων) declined, § 103.
3. ἔξ, why accented? § 166.
1. ‘And it is not right for the soldiers to gather these things again and make a common store of them’; literally ‘to bring together these things collected again.’
1. τήνδε, Chryseis.
2. θεῷ, ‘in honor of the god.’
3. πρό-ες (προ-ίημι), ‘let go forth,’ ‘yield.’
4. Ἀχαιοί, ‘we Achaeans’; note the person of the verb of which Ἀχαιοί is subject.
1. αἴ κε, Attic ἐάν.
1. δῷςι, form, § 136.6; this is easily recognized as the protasis of the more vivid future—or “simple future”—condition (cf. GG. 650).— ἐξαλαπάξαι, ‘to sack,’ purpose.
1. δὴ οὕτως, pronounced as if written δ̆ οὕτως, § 43.
2. ἀγαθός περ ἐών, ‘even though you are brave.’ περ has the force of καί often in dependent clauses (cf. l. 81) and in constructions with the participle, such as this line illustrates; the participle is concessive. Sometimes both καί and περ occur with the same participle (as ll. 217, 577). καίπερ (one word) with concessive participle is familiar in Attic Greek (GG. 593 b).
1. μὴ ... κλέπτε νόῳ, ‘do not seek to deceive me in your heart’ (locative).
2. παρελεύςομαι (from παρ-έρχομαι), ‘outstrip,’ ‘overreach,’ metaphor from racing.—Achilles has frankly demanded that Agamemnon give up Chryseis; and he offers, in return, an unsubstantial chance of payment when the city of Troy is taken—a somewhat remote possibility. So, Agamemnon thinks, Achilles is holding out to him an illusory hope, and is keeping some ulterior motive hidden.
1. ἤ, Latin an, ‘or perhaps,’ ‘is it that,’ introduces the second part of a double question, the first being implied and more or less indefinite. Most editors prefer ἦ (‘truly’) here. Pope gives the idea of the line thus: Shall I my prize resign With tame content, and thou possess'd of thine?
2. A more literal rendering is: ‘is it that you wish—so that you yourself may keep your prize—me on the contrary [αὐτάρ] to sit in “tame content” [αὔτως] bereft [δευόμενον] of mine?’
3. ἔχῃς, introduced by ὄφρα (= Attic ἵνα), expresses purpose.
4. ἔμ̆, accented; cf. note on κάκ̆, l. 105.
1. δευόμενον, said to be Aeolic; the Attic lacks the υ, which is the vocalized ϝ.
2. κέλεαι, cf. l. 74.
1. ἀλλά, as usual, indicates that something is to be said quite different from the preceding context; it is derived from ἄλλα, i. e. ‘otherwise.’ Do not translate by ‘but,’ unless this word is clearly demanded by the sequence of ideas; here ‘yet’ will do. Compare note on ll. 81, 82.
1. ἄρςαντες, ἀραρίςκω.
2. ὅπως ἀντάξιον ἔςται, § 200 (a). As the conclusion of this condition understand εὖ ἑξει, ‘it will be well.’
1. εἰ ... κε, Attic equivalent? Cf. l. 128.
2. δώωςιν, form, § 149 (5).
3. ἐγὼ δέ § 31; cf. l. 58), ‘then I.’
4. κεν ... ἕλωμαι, syntax, § 192.
1. τεόν, § 113.
2. Αἴαντος, the son of Telamon is always meant, unless the poet expressly indicates the other Ajax, the son of Oïleus.
3. ἰών, ‘going’ to your hut, or Ajax's, etc.
4. Ὀδυςῆος, declined like Ἀχιλῆος, l. 1.
1. κεν κεχολώςεται, an instance of κεν with the future perfect indicative, a construction foreign to Attic Greek; see § 190.
2. ὅν, syntax, § 179.
3. κεν ... ἵκωμαι, protasis of the more vivid future condition (cf. GG. 650, 616 a). With what prefix is ἵκωμαι used in the equivalent Attic?
1. ἦ τοι, ‘to be sure.’
2. καί, ‘even’ or ‘also.’
1. νῆα (Attic ναῦν), declension, § 101.
2. ἐρύςςομεν, ‘let us launch,’ form, § 144, II; double ς, § 53.
1. ἒν δ̆（έ), ‘and there,’ in the ship; for accent see § 164.
2. ἀγείρομεν, where found? § 144, II.
3. ἔς, ‘within,’ ‘therein,’ § 164.
1. θείομεν, another hortatory subjunctive; on spelling, § 144, l.— ἄν (Attic ἀνά), ‘on board,’ form, § 46.
1. βήςομεν, § 144, II; this causative first aorist is not supplied in Attic Greek by βαίνω, but by βιβάζω. So the Attic equivalent is βιβάςωμεν. —The subject of ἔςτω is εἷς τις, to which ἀνὴρ βουληφόρος is in apposition; ἀρχός is a predicate nominative. ‘Let somebody—a man of good counsel—be captain.’
1. Ὀδυςςεύς, here with two ς's, with only one in l. 138; § 39.
1. ‘That you may offer sacrifices and propitiate’ etc.
2. ἱλάςςεαι, mood and tense, § 144, II; double ς, § 53.
1. τόν, object of προςέφη.
2. ὑπόδρα ἰδών, why is the hiatus possible? § 61.23.
3. On translating the tense of ἰδών see § 186.
4. Agamemnon's threat to rob Achilles of his prize, Briseis, is quite sufficient to call forth the passionate speech that follows.
1. ὤ μοι (dative of interest), exclamatory, ‘ah me!’
2. ἐπι-ειμένε, ‘clothed in,’ vocative of perfect participle of ἐπι-έννυμι. Why is ι of ἐπι- not elided? § 61.20.
1. τοι, § 176.
2. πείθηται, syntax, § 194.
1. ὁδὸν ἐλθέμεναι, ‘so as to go on an expedition.’
2. ὁδόν, accusative of the space or way over which an action extends; the construction is somewhat akin to that of the cognate accusative. Cf. l. 496, Z 292.— ἐλθέμεναι, form, § 137.1, a; syntax like μάχεςθαι, l. 8. The expression may refer to going to ambush, one of the bravest feats of Homeric warfare (l. 227); others understand it of the journey just proposed.
1. ἤλυθον = Attic ἦλθον.
2. αἰχμητάων, declension, § 65.
1. μαχεςςόμενος, scansion, § 32; spelling, § 53; = Attic μαχούμενος. What is the force of the future here? Cf. λυςόμενος, l. 13.
2. μοι, ‘in my sight.’
1. ἤλαςαν, ‘drove away.’
2. μέν, same as μήν.
1. ἐριβώλακι, prefix, § 160.
1. ἦ, ‘truly.’
2. With πολλά supply ἐςτί.
1. οἴρεα (from οὖρος) = Attic ὄρη (ὄρος).
2. ςκιόεντα, ἠχήεςςα, composition, § 159.—Why does not τε (before ἠχήεςςα) suffer elision? § 61.5.
1. τιμὴν ἀρνύμενοι, ‘to win recompense’; the present participle here expresses purpose and attendant circumstance ().
1. πρὸς Τρώων, ‘from the Trojans.’—τῶν οἴ τι κτλ., ‘all this you neither heed nor regard at all.’
2. μετατρέπῃ, how else might the form have been written? § 142.1, a.
1. ἀφαιρήςεςθαι, future in indirect discourse: ‘you threaten you will take away.’
1. ἔπι, why accented on the penult? § 166.
2. πόλλ̆, for the accent cf. note on κάκ̆, l. 105.
3. υἷες, declension, § 107.
1. μέν, again the same as μήν, § 31.
2. ςοὶ ἶςον, ‘equal to you,’ i. e. ‘equal to yours,’ a conciseness of expression that will be noticed more than once again (e. g. ).—Why is ε of ποτε not elided? § 61.27.
3. ἶςον has short initial vowel in Attic.
1. ὁππότ̆ (spelling, § 51.1) ... ἐκπέρςωςι, supply the omitted particle, to make the clause normal Attic Greek. Cf. § 197.
1. τὸ πλεῖον, ‘the greater part.’ Later (I 328, 329) Achilles claims to have sacked twelve cities by sea, and eleven by land in the Troad.
1. χεῖρες ἐμαί, ‘my hands,’ in Attic would be αἱ ἐμαὶ χεῖρες.
2. ἀτάρ, same as αὐτάρ, l. 51, etc., § 31.
3. ἤν in present general condition, as in Attic (GG. 650); so differing from the construction of ll. 163, 164, in form, rather than in force.
1. After γέρας supply ἐςτί.
2. ὀλίγον τε φίλον τε, a prize ‘little but none the less dear.’
1. νῆας, declension, § 101.
2. ἐπεί κε (= Attic ἐπήν or ἐπάν) κάμω is equivalent to what sort of protasis? Cf. ἤν ποτε ... ἵκηται, l. 166.
1. Φθίηνδ̆（ε), composition, § 155.5.
1. ἴμεν, where found? § 137.7.
2. ς̆, for ςοί, § 40.4.
1. ‘Nor do I intend, without honor here as I am, to amass wealth and riches for you.’ ἀφύςςειν, literally, is ‘to draw’ full draughts of a liquid; its use here is metaphorical, of course.
1. φεῦγε μάλ̆（α), the imperative strengthened as in l. 85, μάλα εἰπέ.
2. ἐπ-έςςυται (from ἐπι-ςςεύω), for translation see § 187; for double ς, § 39.
1. εἵνεκ̆ ἐμεῖο § 110) = Attic ἐμοῦ ἕνεκα.—Why πάρ̆ and not παρ̆, i. e. πάρα and not παρά? § 167.
1. κε ... τιμήςουςι, form, § 146; syntax, § 190.
2. μητίετα, form, § 67.
1. ἐςςι, form, § 136.2.
2. διοτρεφέων βαςιλήων § 86). The poet regularly represents kings as cherished by Zeus, king of the gods, just as minstrels and harpists are in favor with the Muses and Phoebus Apollo.
1. καρτερός, spelling, § 58.
2. εἰ ... ἐςςι, simple present supposition, as in Attic Greek (GG. 647).
3. που, ‘doubtless.’
1. ςῇς § 113), Attic ςαῖς.
1. ςέθεν, where found? § 110.
1. κοτέοντος (agreeing with ςέθεν), ‘in your wrath.’
1. ὡς means ‘as’; after this line a correlative clause, ‘so shall I take away Briseis,’ would be expected; but after an interruption (τὴν μὲν ... πέμψω), which disturbs the construction, the main thought is loosely resumed with ἐγὼ δέ κε κτλ. (l. 184).
2. ἔμ̆ (for accent cf. l. 133), one of the two accusative objects of the verb of depriving; but compare the construction of l. 161.
1. νηὶ ἐμῇ, ‘a ship of mine,’ the regular Attic expression also. Agamemnon had 100 ships, according to B 576.
1. κ̆ ἄγω, syntax, § 192.
2. Βριςηίδα, formation, § 158.
1. κλιςίηνδε, suffix, § 155.5.
2. τὸ ςὸν γέρας, ‘that prize of yours.’
1. ὅςςον, spelling, § 51.3.
2. ςέθεν, why genitive? § 175.
3. καί, ‘even’ or ‘also.’
1. ἶςον, neuter cognate accusative with φάςθαι (φημί): ‘to speak on a footing with me.’ Yet considerable freedom of speech—for princes, at least—was recognized in the Homeric assembly (cf. I 32, 33).
2. ὁμοιωθήμεναι § 137.1, b) ἄντην, ‘to make himself like me [‘to make himself my peer’], face to face’; the passive infinitive is apparently used reflexively here.
1. Πηλεΐωνι, formation, § 157.—ἐν δέ οἱ κτλ., ‘and his heart in his shaggy breast.’
2. δέ οἱ, on the hiatus, § 61.6; syntax, § 176.
1. ἐρυςςάμενος, original spelling, § 61.19.
2. παρὰ μηροῦ, ‘from the thigh,’ where the sword hung suspended in its sheath by a strap that passed probably over the right shoulder. The sword hung at the left side, so that the right hand could more easily draw it from its sheath.
1. The four optatives in this and the following line stand in indirect questions, in the secondary sequence (after μερμήριξεν), for deliberative subjunctives of the original thought § 209). Achilles said to himself: τοὺς μὲν ἀναςτήςω (‘shall I force these men to rise,’ with reference to a violent dismissal of the assembly); Ἀτρεΐδην δ̆ ἐναρίζω; ἠὲ χόλον παύςω ἐρητύςω τε θυμόν;
2. ὃ δ̆（έ), here and in some other places in Homer, does not imply a change of subject. What is the Attic use? See GG. 549 b.
1. ἧος = Attic ἕως.
1. ἧλθε δέ, another instance of δέ meaning ‘then’; see notes on ll. 58 and 137. At just the right moment, when the situation is getting more and more perplexing, the goddess appears on the scene, and the difficulty is solved. This device—the interference of a god—is common in the Attic drama (deus ex machina).
1. οὐρανόθεν, suffix, § 155.2.
2. πρό, ‘forth’ or ‘forward.’—ἧκε, ἵημι.
1. ςτῆ, accent, § 126.
2. ὄπιθεν = ὄπιςθεν, in Attic prose.
3. κόμης, syntax, § 172.
1. οἴῳ φαινομένη, ‘appearing to him alone.’
2. ὁρᾶτο, what is the Attic equivalent? Cf. note on l. 56.
1. θάμβηςεν, ‘was struck with wonder’; see note on θαρςήςας, l. 85.
1. δεινὼ κτλ., ‘for her eyes shone terribly.’
2. δεινώ, adjective with adverbial force.
3. φάανθεν, form, § 136.8. The expression reflects Athene's epithet, γλαυκῶπις (l. 206).
1. μιν, with προς-ηύδα (cf. ηὔδαε, l. 92).
2. φωνήςας, ‘began’ and ‘addressed’ (προςηύδα). On scansion of this line see § 4.
1. τίπτ̆（ε), form, § 48.—What is the ‘aegis’ of Zeus? See Introduction, 29.—εἰλήλουθας, ἔρχομαι.
1. ‘Is it that you may see?’ etc.
2. ἴδῃ, form, § 142.1, a.
3. Ἀτρεΐδαο, declension, § 65.
1. ἔκ, I will speak ‘out.’
2. ἐρέω, cf. l. 76.
3. τελέεςθαι, tense, § 151.
1. ᾗς, form, § 113, § 71.
2. ἂν ... ὀλέςςῃ § 53), syntax, § 192.
1. αὖτε, ‘again,’ ‘in turn.’
1. παύςουςα, what does the tense express? Cf. l. 13.
2. τὸ ςὸν μένος, ‘this anger of yours’; cf. l. 185.
3. πίθηαι, form, § 142.1; syntax, § 198.
1. μηδὲ ... ἕλκεο § 142.1), ‘draw no further.’
1. ἦ τοι, ‘to be sure,’ ‘yet.’
2. ὀνείδιςον, literally ‘upbraid,’ here may be rendered: ‘threaten with reproachful words’ (ἔπεςιν).
3. ὡς ἔςεταί περ, ‘how it shall even come to pass.’ On the force of περ, cf. note on l. 131.
4. ἔςεται = Attic ἔςται (l. 212); a third form, παρ-έςςεται, is seen in l, 213; a fourth, ἐςςεῖται, will be met, B 393.
1. ‘Some day even thrice as many splendid gifts shall come to you, on account of this insolence’ of Agamemnon.
1. ὕβριος, genitive, declined like πόλις, § 103.
2. ἴςχεο, πείθεο, formed like ἕλκεο, l. 210.
1. εἰρύςςαςθαι, ‘to observe,’ ‘obey’; the subject is με understood; the object, ἔπος.
1. καὶ ... περ, see note on l. 131.
2. θυμῷ, syntax, § 177 (a).
3. κεχολωμένον agrees with με understood.
1. ὅς κε ... ἐπιπείθηται is the protasis of what kind of condition? Cf. GG. 616 a.
2. ἔκλυον, the gnomic aorist § 184) is regarded as a primary tense.
1. ἦ, ‘he spoke’ = Attic ἔφη; common in the Attic formula, ἦ δ̆ ὅς, Latin inquit, ‘said he’; not to be confused with the adverb ἦ, ‘truly. This whole sentence, it will be observed, may be well translated nearly, if not quite, in the Greek order.
2. ςχέθε, form, § 154.2.
1. ὦςε, ὠθέω.
1. βεβήκει, meaning of tense, § 188.
1. ἔς, why accented? § 166.
1. ἐπέεςςιν, form, § 91.
1. κυνὸς ὄμματ̆ ἔχων, cf. κυνῶπα, l. 159; the poet makes the dog typical of shamelessness; the deer, of cowardice.
2. κραδίην, § 58.
1. πόλεμον, with ictus on the ultima, § 32.
2. θωρηχθῆναι § 137.3) limits τέτληκας, l. 228.
1. λόχονδ̆（ε), cf. N 277, ἐς λόχον, ἔνθα μάλιςτ̆ ἀρετὴ διαείδεται ἀνδρῶν, ‘to an ambush, where most of all the valor of men is clearly seen.’— ἀριςτήεςςι, declension, § 88.
1. τέτληκας, on force of tense, § 187.—τὸ δέ τοι κτλ., ‘for this seems to you to be death.’
2. κήρ, note accent, and cf. l. 44, κῆρ.
1. λώιον (in Attic poetry λῷον), how compared? GG. 182, 1.
1. δῶρ̆ ἀποαιρεῖςθαι, supply an object, as antecedent of ὅςτις, ‘to deprive of gifts [him] whosoever opposes you in speech.’ On the conditional relative sentence, see § 197.
1. Supply the place of the omitted protasis by ‘else,’ i. e. ‘were it not so.’
2. λωβήςαιο, construction, § 207.
1. ἔπι, adverb, ‘besides.’ For ictus on ultima, see § 38.
1. Achilles held a staff, put into his hand by a herald, as a sign that he had the right to address the assembly; on ending his speech he threw it down (l. 245). On the other hand, Agamemnon held no temporary scepter, but a permanent one (B 101 ff.), for he was a ‘scepter-bearing king.’— ναὶ μὰ κτλ., ‘verily by this staff.’
2. τό, relative; cf. τόν, l. 36, τήν, l. 72.
1. ἐπεὶ δὴ πρῶτα (cf. l. 6) κτλ., ‘since once for all it is parted from its stump.’
2. ὄρεςςι, double ς, § 52.
3. λέλοιπεν, translation, § 187. Vergil renders the thought cum semel in silvis imo de stirpe recisum matre caret.
4. ‘Since once for all cut from its stump in the forest, it [the scepter] is severed from its parent tree.’
1. ἑ, enclitic pronoun, § 110.
1. μιν, here for ςκῆπτρον, neuter; cf. l. 29 (μιν = αὐτήν) and l. 100 (μιν = αὐτόν).
1. παλάμαις, declension, § 72.
2. δικαςπόλοι, appositive to υἷες (l. 237).
3. οἵ τε, use of the enclitic, § 123.3. In these days there seems to have been no written law; the ‘decrees’ or ‘dooms’ (θέμιςτες) of Zeus were probably the spoken words of the ‘Zeus-cherished kings,’ which had come to have a certain stability.
1. πρὸς Διός, ‘on behalf of Zeus,’ or ‘at the bidding of Zeus.’— εἰρύαται, form, § 142.4, a; force of tense, § 187.
1. The important words, to be taken closely with ναὶ μὰ τόδε ςκῆπτρον (l. 234), begin here.
2. ἦ ποτε, ‘surely one day.’
3. Ἀχιλλῆος, objective genitive with ποθή.
4. υἶας, declension, § 107; syntax, § 179.
1. δυνήςεαι, form, § 142.1; Attic δυνήςει.
1. εὖτ̆ ἄν = Attic ὅταν.
1. θνῄςκοντες, ‘being slain.’
2. πίπτωςι, in protasis of what sort of condition? Cf. GG. 628, 650.
3. ἔνδοθι, suffix, § 155.3.
1. χωόμενος, with ultima used for long syllable, § 32.
2. ὅ τ̆, elision and meaning, § 40, § 2; 123, 7.
3. οὐδέν, ‘not at all,’ in origin a cognate accusative.
1. ποτί = Attic πρός.
2. γαίῃ = Attic γῇ.
1. χρυςείοις (= Attic χρυςοῖς), cf. shorter form, χρυςέῳ, l. 15.— πεπαρμένον, from πείρω. The wooden staff seems to have been enclosed in a sheath, which was fastened on with nails; both sheath and nails may have been of gold. See Tsountas and Manatt, The Mycenaean Age, pp. 167-169, and Schuchhardt, Schliemann's Excavations, p. 250.
1. ἑτέρωθεν, suffix, § 155.2.
2. τοῖςι, ‘before them,’ cf. note on l. 58.
1. τοῦ § 118.4) ... ἀπὸ γλώςςης, ‘from whose tongue.’
2. καί = ‘moreover,’ if translated at all. Cicero quotes the line ex eius lingua melle dulcior fluebat oratio.
3. μέλιτος, why genitive? § 175.
4. ῥέεν = Attic ἔρρει.
1. τῷ, dative of interest, ‘for him,’ ‘in his day.’ The sense is: ‘he had already seen two generations of mortal men perish.’ Estimating a generation as a period of thirty years, some ancient commentators reckoned Nestor's age as seventy.
2. μερόπων, perhaps ‘mortal,’ was anciently but improperly derived from μείρομαι, ‘divide,’ and ὄψ, ‘voice,’ and taken to mean ‘articulately speaking.’ Compare Swinburne's men upon earth that hear Sweet articulate words Sweetly divided apart. —Atalanta in Calydon.
1. ἐφθίαθ̆, where found? § 142.4, a.—The former οἵ is relative; the latter (οἱ), the personal pronoun, to be taken with ἅμα: ‘together with him.’
2. τράφεν, form, § 136.8. Note the poet's simple order, which may properly be kept in translation: ‘were bred and born.’
1. ἠγαθέῃ, prefix, § 160; lengthened initial vowel, § 35.
1. ὢ πόποι indicates amazement; translate freely, ‘'tis past belief!’
2. ἦ, as before (l. 78), ‘truly.’
1. γηθήςαι, form, § 136.4; it agrees with the nearer subject only. Lines 255-257 contain a less vivid future—or “possible”—condition in its normal form; cf. GG. 651 (1).
1. κεχαροιατο, tense, § 128; ending, § 142.4, d.
1. ςφῶιν, with μαρναμένοιιν in agreement, syntax, § 174. On the form ςφῶιν, see § 110; πυθοίατο, § 142.4, d; μαρναμένοιιν, § 73.
1. ‘(You) who are superior to the (other) Danaans in counsel, and superior in fighting.’
2. πέρι, accent, § 164.
3. βουλήν, accusative of specification; so, too, μάχεςθαι.
4. Δαναῶν, why genitive? Cf. Κλυταιμνήςτρης, l. 113; ςέθεν, l. 186; ἐμεῖο, l. 259.
1. δέ = γάρ.
1. ἤδη γάρ ποτε, ‘for once on a time (gone by).’
2. ἠέ = Attic ἤ, ‘than.’
3. περ = ‘even.’
4. ὑμῖν, dative by attraction to case of ἀρείοςιν (ἀνδράςιν). What case would be expected?
1. ἀνέρας, form, § 85.—Why does not οὐδέ suffer elision? § 61.23.
2. ἴδωμαι, syntax, § 191.
1. For οἷον Πειρίθοον etc. we should expect οἷος [ἦν] Πειρίθοος etc.; but again we find attraction—to the case of τοίους (l. 262).
1. Καινέα, form, § 90.
1. The line is wanting in the best MSS.
2. Θηςέα, form, § 90.— ἀθανάτοιςιν, on quantity of initial vowel, § 34.
1. κάρτιςτοι, predicate adjective: ‘they were the very [δή] bravest men that were ever reared on earth.’
2. κεῖνοι, spelling, § 120.
3. τράφεν, form, § 136.8.
1. μέν = μήν, as usual.
2. ἔςαν (Attic ἦςαν), § 125.
1. φηρςίν, Aeolic for Attic θηρςίν or θηρίοις, ‘wild beasts.’ The name refers to the rude Thessalian Κένταυροι, ‘Centaurs.’ “Such a name is not likely to have been assumed by the tribe itself, but is rather an opprobrious term applied to them by their enemies” (Ridgeway, The Early Age of Greece, vol. i, p. 178).
1. κατ̆ ἔμ̓ αὐτόν § 112), ‘by myself alone,’ i. e. ‘independently,’ so that my valor could be clearly seen.
1. τῶν, demonstrative, § 118.1.
2. ἄν ... μαχέοιτο (Attic μάχοιτο), ‘would fight.’
1. μευ occurred l. 37.
2. βουλέων, case and scansion, § 70.
3. ξύνιεν, ‘heeded’; where found? § 136.7.
1. ὔμμες = Attic ὑμεῖς, § 110.
1. Addressed particularly to Agamemnon.
2. τόνδ̆（ε), Achilles, one of the two objects of the verb of depriving.
3. ἀγαθός περ ἐών, cf. note on l. 131.
4. ἀποαίρεο, form, § 48; Attic ἀφαιροῦ.
1. ἔα (i. e. ἔαε), ‘suffer’ her to remain with him.
2. πρῶτα, cf. note on l. 235.
1. Now Nestor turns to Achilles.
2. ἐριζέμεναι, where found? § 137.1, a.
1. οὔ ποθ̆ ὁμοίης ἔμμορε τιμῆς, ‘never shares in a common honor’ with other men, i. e. he has superior dignity; Agamemnon was a “scepterbearing king”; Achilles was not, for his father still ruled; therefore Achilles should yield precedence to Agamemnon.
2. ἔμμορε (μείρομαι), form, § 39; translated by present, § 187.
1. Note that καρτερός is an adjective of the positive degree; cf. l. 178.—Achilles's mother was Thetis, a goddess of the sea.
1. ἀλλ̆（ά), ‘yet.’
2. πλεόνεςςιν, Attic πλέοςι or πλείοςι. For syntax, cf. the dative in the phrase τοῖςι δ̆ ἀνιςτάμενος, l. 58.
1. δέ, cf. l. 58.
2. αὐτὰρ ἐγώ γε
1. Ἀχιλλῆι, dative of advantage, ‘for Achilles's sake.’
2. μεθέμεν, form, § 137.2.
1. πέλεται = ἐςτί.
1. πέρι, as in l. 258.
2. πάντων, syntax like that of Δαναῶν, l. 258.
1. πάντεςςι, cf. πᾶςιν, l. 283.
1. ἅ τιν̆（α) κτλ., things ‘in which I think somebody will not obey.’ By τινα Agamemnon evidently means himself.—In translation distinguish carefully among πέρι ... ἔμμεναι (l. 287), κρατέειν, ἀνάςςειν, and ςημαίνειν: ‘to be superior,’ ‘to have power over,’ ‘to lord it,’ ‘to dictate.’
1. 290 and 291. ‘If the immortal [αἰὲν ἐόντες] gods did make him a warrior, therefore do his abusive words rush forward [like so many warriors to the front] for utterance?’ Others render: ‘therefore do they [i. e. the gods] permit him to utter abuses?’ If the latter translation be accepted, προθέουςιν must come, not from προ-θέω, ‘run forward,’ but from προ-τίθημι, and be equivalent to Attic προ-τιθέαςι—a sole instance of the form.— ἔθεςαν, for the meaning cf. note on l. 2.
1. What part of speech is οἱ? Observe the accent on ultima of the previous word.
2. μυθήςαςθαι indicates purpose.
1. γάρ, cf. note on l. 123.
1. πᾶν ἔργον, ‘in every matter.’
2. ὅττι, spelling, § 51.2.
1. ἐπιτέλλεο, formed like ἕλκεο, l. 210.
1. A weak line, “athetized,” i. e. rejected as spurious, by some ancient critics.
1. ςῇςιν, cf. τεόν, l. 282 and § 113. With ςὺ δ̆ ἐνὶ φρεςὶ βάλλεο ςῇςιν, compare Vergil's tu condita mente teneto
2. 298 μαχέςςομαι, for spelling cf. l. 153. What is the Attic equivalent?
1. ςοί, note the emphatic repetition: ‘by force (of hands) I will not fight with you—no, not with you or anybody else’; ‘you all’ is subject of ἀφέλεςθε.
1. τῶν, emphatic repetition of τῶν ἄλλων (l. 300), partitive genitive with τι.
2. οὐκ ἄν τι φέροις, ‘you had better not carry away anything,’ potential optative, used—in mock courtesy—with the force of a prohibition. Cf. B 250.
3. ἀέκοντος ἐμεῖο = Attic ἄκοντος ἐμοῦ. Cf. ἄκοντος Κύρου,
1. εἰ δ̆ ἄγε μὴν πείρηςαι, ‘come now! just try it.’ εἰ δ̆ ἄγε is interjectional, and perhaps for an earlier εῖ̓ ἄγε, i. e. εἶα ἄγε. Cf. Vergil's eia age
2. γνώωςι, form, § 149; ‘may witness (it).’— καὶ οἵδε, ‘these men here too.’
1. ἐρωήςει, see note on B 179.
2. δουρί, declined, § 97; Attic δόρατι.
1. ἀν-ςτήτην, on the prefix see § 46; -ςτήτην, cf. l. 6.
2. ἀγορήν, cf. l. 54; ‘the assembly’; the word never means ‘market-place’ in Homer.
1. The lodge of Achilles is described in -456: it was built for him by his Myrmidons, of pine timbers; the roof was thatched; the door was fastened by a single great bolt of pine; adjoining it was a great courtyard enclosed by stakes, set close together. Elsewhere () we infer that the courtyard (αὐλή) contained an altar of Ζεὺς ἑρκεῖος.
2. ἐίςας, spelling, § 61.27.
1. ἤιε, cf. l. 47.
2. Μενοιτιάδῃ, the first introduction of the ‘gentle’ Patroclus is as the ‘son of Menoetius.’
1. ἅλαδε, force of suffix, § 155.5.
1. Cf. l. 142.
2. ἐείκοςι, spelling, § 61.9.
1. βῆςε, transitive first aorist; cf. βήςομεν, l. 144, and note.
2. ἀνά is an adverb; cf. ἄν, l. 143; for its accent (not retracted), cf. § 168.
1. εἷςεν, a causative first aorist, containing the root of ἕζετο, l. 68.
1. ὑγρὰ κέλευθα, ‘their ways in the sea’ (cf. Isaiah xliii, 16: “a way in the sea, and a path in the mighty waters”).
2. 313, 314. The scholiast compares Euripides, θάλαςςα κλύζει ̔ωαςηες αωαψ̓ πάντα τἀνθρώπων κακά.
1. ‘The savor went heavenward, curling around in the smoke’; that is, permeating the smoke.
1. λῆγ̆（ε), imperfect third singular; cf. imperative λῆγ̆, l. 210.— τήν, relative § 118.4) ‘with which’ he had threatened. (Cf. GG. 530 a.)
2. ἐπ-ηπείλης̆（ε), cf. the present ἀπειλεῖς, l. 161.
1. τώ, relative.
1. χειρός, syntax, § 172.
2. ἑλόντ̆（ε) agrees with ‘you two’ (ςφῶι) understood.
3. ἀγέμεν, form, § 137.2; syntax, § 213.
1. εἰ ... κε, Attic equivalent? Cf. l. 128.
2. δώῃςιν, form, § 149 (5).
3. ἐγὼ δέ, ‘then I,’ see note on l. 58.
4. κεν ... ἕλωμαι, syntax, § 192.
1. τό, ‘this,’ demonstrative.
2. καὶ ῥίγιον, ‘even more shivery’; more disagreeable or dreadful than the present mission.
1. βάτην, Attic ἐβήτην.
2. παρά, ‘along.’ The ships of the Greeks stretched in lines along the shore; Odysseus's occupied a central position; while the two ends—the most dangerous positions—were guarded by the ships of Telamonian Ajax and Achilles (-9).
1. γε, why is ε not elided? § 61.23.
2. οὐδ（ὲ) ... γήθηςεν Ἀχιλλεύς, ‘and Achilles felt no thrill of joy’; on the force of the aorist, cf. l. 85.
1. ταρβήςαντε, note the tense, ‘struck with fear.’
2. βαςιλῆα, form, § 86.
1. ᾗςιν, ‘his,’ form, § 113.
1. καί, ‘too.’
1. ἆςςον, comparative of ἄγχι, ‘near’; superlative, ἄγχιςτα.
2. μοι, ‘in my sight.’
3. ὔμμες, supply ἐςτέ.
1. ὅ, relative, § 118.4.
2. ςφῶι, § 110.
1. Πατρόκλεες, declension, § 102.
1. ςφωιν, enclitic pronoun, § 110.
2. ἄγειν, syntax, § 211.
3. μάρτυροι = Attic μάρτυρες, of third declension.
1. πρός, ‘before’; cf. the meanings that have been already pointed out in idiomatic uses, ll. 160 and 239.
1. τοῦ βαςιλῆος ἀπηνέος, ‘that king unkind’: the order is like τὸν Χρύςην ... ἀρητῆρα (l. 11).
2. δὴ αἶτε, pronounced as if δ̆ αὖτε § 43).
1. γένηται, in this more vivid future protasis note the omission of κε, § 197.
2. ἀμῦναι, syntax, § 211.
1. τοῖς ἄλλοις, dative of advantage (interest); translate with ‘from.’
2. γάρ receives the ictus (as in a few other lines) in spite of its quantity § 33).
3. θύει, ‘rages.’
1. ‘And he does not know at all how to look at the same time to the past and to the future,’ i. e. ‘to consider carefully.’
2. πρόςςω and ὀπίςςω are spelled in Attic with one sigma.
1. ‘How his Achaeans shall fight safely beside the ships.’
2. ὅππως § 51.1) introduces a dependent interrogative (not purpose) clause, with the future indicative § 200).
3. οἱ, ‘for him,’ ‘his’ § 176).
4. μαχέονται, form, § 151; cf. the more common future, μαχεςςόμενος, l. 153.
1. παρὰ νῆας, ‘along past the ships’; cf. note on l. 327.
1. γυνή, in apposition to ἥ, § 118.3.
1. ἑτάρων, with νόςφι.
1. ἔφ̆ (ἔπι), for the accent cf. § 166.
1. πολλά, cf. l. 35.
2. χεῖρας ὀρεγνύς, toward his mother, who dwelt in the sea.
1. ‘Mother, since you gave me birth once for all, though for a short life, honor at least ought the Olympian to have granted me.’
2. γε, appended to the aorist ἔτεκες, gives emphasis to the single past act; with μινυνθάδιον ἐόντα, περ has its usual force, as noted in l. 131; with τιμήν, περ has the force of γε, a meaning that will be noticed again (e. g. l. 508). —The form ὄφελλεν = Attic ὤφειλεν. But to express this thought in Attic Greek χρῆν or ἔδει with infinitive and subject accusative would be used (GG. 460).
1. νῦν δ̆（έ), ‘but as it is.’
1. αὐτός, of course not in person, but ‘by his own order.’
2. ἀπούρας, on the form see § 63.3.
1. πατρί, Nereus.
1. ἁλός, syntax, § 175.
2. ἠύτε = Attic ὥςπερ.
1. δάκρυ χέοντος (with αὐτοῖο), ‘as he wept.’
1. ςε φρένας, construction, § 180.
1. εἴδομεν, on the digamma, § 61.23; subjunctive, § 143.
1. It is better to translate ταῦτα πάντ̆（α) with ἀγορεύω (deliberative subjunctive, in question of appeal) and to understand the words with ἰδυίῃ.
2. ἰδυίῃ § 61.23) = Attic εἰδυίᾳ, and agrees with τοι.
1. The home of Chryseis was Chryse; and to this she is restored (l. 430 ff.). Naturally the question arose in ancient times, “How was she taken, then, when Thebe fell?” And the answer had to be made that either (1) she was visiting in Thebe at the time when Achilles captured that town, or (2) on the same expedition on which Achilles took Thebe he stormed Chryse also. Thebe was the home of Andromache before her marriage to Hector; she was the daughter of King Eëtion. Achilles's own prize, Briseis, was taken in the spoil of the captured town Lyrnessus.
1. ἐνθάδε, suffix, § 155.5.
1. δάςςαντο, cf. δέδαςται, l. 125; and for spelling, § 54.
2. ςφίςιν, here a reflexive pronoun, and therefore accented § 111.4).
1. ἑκατηβόλου, cf. l. 75.
2. Ἀπόλλωνος, long initial vowel here, § 30.
1. εὐξαμένου, on translation of the tense, § 186.
2. ἦεν = Attic ἦν.
1. ἐπαςςύτεροι betrays in the υ for ο its Aeolic origin.
1. ἄμμι, Attic ἡμῖν, § 110; this word with ὔμμι, ὔμμες, etc., is Aeolic.
1. ἑκάτοιο, cf. l. 75.
1. πρῶτος, ‘I was first’ to urge.
1. Ἀτρεΐωνα, form, § 157.
1. ἠπείληςεν μῦθον, ‘made a threat’; μῦθος is a word of varied connotations, which the Greeks felt the meaning of; our English translation must take its cue from the context.
2. ὅ, relative use of the article, § 118.4.
1. τὴν μέν, ‘the one’ damsel; τὴν δέ (l. 391), ‘the other.’
1. Χρύςην, here the town, not the priest.
2. πέμπουςιν, ‘are escorting.’
1. νέον κλιςίηθεν κτλ., ‘only now, heralds led away [literally ‘went leading’] from my lodge.’
2. With ἔβαν § 136.7) the participle contains the leading idea, as with Attic οἴχομαι. Cf. ᾤχετο πλέων , ‘went sailing off,’ ‘sailed away.’
3. κλιςίηθεν, for suffix cf. οὐρανόθεν, l. 195.
1. Βριςῆος, from nominative Βριςεύς, declined like βαςιλεύς, § 86.
1. περίςχεο, περι-έχω.
2. ἐῆος, form, § 99.
3. 394, 395. ‘Go to Olympus and beseech Zeus, if ever you gladdened his heart at all, whether by word or by deed.’
4. Δία has the ictus on -α, § 38.
1. ὤνηςας, ὀνίνημι.
1. πολλάκι, Attic πολλάκις.
2. ςεο, enclitic pronoun, § 110; limits ἄκουςα.
3. πατρὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροιςιν, ‘in the halls of my father,’ Peleus.
4. ἐνί receives the ictus on -ι, § 38.
1. εὐχομένης, ‘boasting,’ agrees with ςεο (l. 396).
2. ἔφηςθα, form, § 136.3.
3. Κρονίωνι, for syntax compare l. 67, ἡμῖν.
1. οἴη ἐν ἀθανάτοιςιν, you ‘alone among the immortals.’
1. ὑπελύςαο, form, § 142.1. ὑπ- means ‘from under’ the weight of his bonds.
1. ὦχ̆, i. e. ὦκα.
2. μακρόν, ‘high.’
1. αὖτε, ‘again,’ ‘in turn.’
2. οὗ § 113 πατρός, Poseidon.
1. ὅς, with force of demonstrative, § 123.4.
1. ὑπέδδειςαν, for spelling cf. l. 33.
2. οὐδέ ἑ, account for hiatus; § 61.6.
3. ἑ refers to Zeus.
1. τῶν μιν μνήςαςα, ‘remind him of this.’
2. λαβὲ γούνων ( § 97, § 172); not a peculiar act here, but the regular custom of suppliants in Homer.
1. ‘In the hope that he may perhaps be willing to give aid to the Trojans, and to hem in the others at their ships' sterns and about the sea— the Achaeans.’ Achilles disdainfully sets the Achaeans' name at the very end, simply mentioning them as τοὺς δέ at first (Cauer, Die Kunst des Übersetzens^{2}, p. 90).
2. αἴ κεν ἐθέλῃςιν § 136.6), in syntax like αἴ κε πίθηαι, l. 207.
3. ἐπὶ ... ἀρῆξαι, tmesis, § 163.
1. ἔλςαι, εἴλω.
1. κτεινομένους, agreeing with Ἀχαιούς: letting them be ‘slain.’— ἴνα πάντες κτλ., Pope gives the sense: and bring The Greeks to know the curse of such a king.
2. ἐπαύρωνται, ‘get acquainted with’; literally ‘partake of’ (ἐπαυρίςκω).
1. ὅ τ̆ ἄριςτον κτλ., cf. l. 244.
1. αἰνά, adverbial accusative with τεκοῦςα, ‘after bearing you unto trouble’ (cf. Job v, 7).
1. ὄφελες παρὰ νηυςὶν ... ἧςθαι once meant ‘you ought to be sitting beside the ships’; cf. l. 353; and if αἴθε be translated ‘ah!’ we may keep the rest of the sentence in its literal meaning. A wish in present time, impossible of fulfilment, is implied; cf. Xen. Anab. II, 1, 4, ἀλλ̆ ὤφελε μὲν Κῦρος ζῆν.—The force of ἧςθαι (l. 416) is ‘to be staying’ or ‘to be passing the time’ rather than ‘to be sitting,’ which is literal.
1. ἐπεί νύ τοι αἶςα κτλ., supply ἔςτι, ‘since your measure of life is [i. e. ‘endures’] for but a brief space, not at all for very long.’ For the adverbs in the predicate, adjectives might be expected; but this Homeric construction has several parallels. Cf. , μίνυνθα δέ οἱ γένεθ̆ ὁρμή: ‘his onset was [endured] for a brief space.’—For quantity of ultima of μάλα, cf. § § 37; 62, 2.—That Achilles had a choice between two destinies is told in I 410-415. He might have a long, inglorious life or a short, glorious one; as is well known, he chose the latter. There is no hint of the choice in the present context, however.
1. νῦν δ̆（έ), ‘but as it is.’
2. περὶ πάντων, ‘above all.’
1. ἔπλεο, ‘you were’ and still are; or simply ‘you are’, form, § 142.1.
2. τῷ, ‘therefore,’ § 117.
3. κακῇ αἴςῃ, ‘unto an evil doom.’ Cf. § 178.
1. ἐρέουςα, ‘in order to tell’; cf. λυςόμενος, l. 13.
2. τερπικεραύνῳ, form and meaning, § 59.
1. ἀγάννιφον, spelling, § 39; prefix, § 160. When Olympus is called snowy, the poet has in mind those parts only that do not extend above the level of the clouds. On the other hand, the region where the gods dwell is the ever bright summit, high above the clouds and remote from the sight of men; here there is neither rain nor snow, but only perpetual fair weather, as the poet of the Odyssey sings (-45). This summit reaches up into heaven (οὐρανός).
2. αἴ κε πίθηται, syntax, § 198.
1. μήνῐ（ε), ‘rage on.’
1. Αἰθιοπῆας, as if from nominative Αἰθιοπεύς. But elsewhere Αἰθίοπας, as if from Αἰθίοψ, is found.
1. χθιζός agrees with subject of ἔβη. Homer commonly uses temporal adjectives where the English idiom employs adverbs.
1. ποτί, cf. l. 245.
1. ἀπεβήςετο, tense, § 153.
1. γυναικός, genitive of cause.
1. ἀέκοντος, with a pronoun (like αὐτοῦ) understood, is probably in the genitive absolute construction: ‘against his will.’ Others make it stand in an objective relation to βίῃ = ‘with violence done to him unwilling,’ ‘despite his unwillingness.’
2. ἀπηύρων, § 63.4.
1. ςτείλαντο, ‘furled.’
1. ‘The mast they let down into [literally ‘made approach’] its crutch, lowering it with the forestays quickly.’ The forestays were untied from the bow; and the mast thus released was bent back into its crutch.
1. τὴν δ̆（έ), the ship.
1. εὐνάς, stones for ‘anchors,’ ‘mooring-stones’; these they let go (ἐκ ... ἔβαλον) from the bow, while they made the stern cables (πρυμνήςια) fast (κατὰ ... ἔδηςαν) to the shore.
1. βῆςαν, cf. βήςομεν, l. 144.
1. νηός, declined, § 101.
1. χερςί, ‘arms.’
1. ῥέξαι, in same sense as ῥέξας, l. 147.
2. ἱλαςόμεςθα, ending, § 142.3; mood, § 144, II; cf. ἱλάςςεαι, l. 147.
1. τοί, form, § 115.
1. οὐλοχύτας, sacrificial barley, ‘barley for strewing’ (χέω, ‘pour’); cf. , which has to do with the description of a sacrifice: ἑτέρῃ δ̆ ἔχεν οὐλὰς
1. ἠμὲν (i. e. ἦ μὲν [= μὴν]) δή ποτε ... πάρος, ‘surely once before.’
2. πάρος = Attic πρόςθεν.
1. ἐμέ, with ietus on the ultima; this would be justified by the pause § 32), even if the next word did not begin with a liquid § 38).
2. ἴψαο, in formation like ὑπελύςαο, l. 401.
1. ἠδ̆ ἔτι καὶ νῦν, ‘and now too, again.’ ἠδ̆ (ἦ δέ) is correlative with ἠμέν (l. 453). The clauses may be bound together in English by rendering (freely) ἠμέν, ‘as,’ and ἠδέ, ‘so.’
2. ἐπικρήηνον, cf. note on l. 41.
1. αὐέρυςαν, formation, § 63.1; understand ‘the heads’ of the victims as object. With ἔςφαξαν and ἔδειραν, understand ‘the victims’ as object.
1. κατὰ ... ἐκάλυψαν, tmesis, ‘covered up.’
1. δίπτυχα (supply κνίςην) ποιήςαντες, ‘making it [the fat] doublefolded’; i. e. ‘folding it about’ the thigh-pieces, on both top and bottom. —ἐπ̆ αὐτῶν κτλ., ‘and on them they put raw pieces.’ They cut bits of meat as primal offerings from all the limbs; these were burnt along with the thigh-pieces as a sacrifice to the god (in this instance, Apollo), who was believed thus to become a partaker of the rite.
1. ἔπι § 162), ‘thereon.’
1. πεμπώβολα § 108.5), ‘five-tined spits,’ for roasting several pieces of meat at once (Van Leeuwen). Cf. ὀβελοῖςιν, l. 465.
1. κατὰ ... ἐκάη, § 163.
2. ἐπάςαντο, πατέομαι.
1. τἆλλα, § 44.
2. ἀμφ̆ (adverb) ὀβελοῖςιν ἔπειραν, ‘they pierced them around with spits.’ Cf. [viscera] pars in frusta secant veribusque trementia figunt. ‘Some cut the flesh in bits and pierce it quivering with spits.’
1. τετύκοντο, τεύχω, § 128.
1. τι ... ἐδεύετο (= Attic ἐδεῖτο, cf. δευόμενον, l. 134), ‘felt any lack,’ ‘went ungratified.’
2. δαιτός, genitive of material.
3. ἐίςης, ‘adequate,’ ‘sufficient.’
1. ‘But when they had satisfied [literally ‘dismissed’] their desire for drink and food.’
2. πόςιος, declined like πόλις, § 103; cf. ὕβριος, l. 214.
3. ἐξ ... ἕντο, § 163.
4. ἕντο = Attic εἷντο, from ἵημι.
5. ἔρον, second declension = Attic ἔρωτα, third declension.—Cf. Vergil's imitation, Postquam exempta fames et amor compressus edendi.
6. ‘When hunger had been satisfied and desire to eat had been appeased.’
1. κοῦροι = Attic κόροι. Cf. κούρην and note, l. 98.
2. ἐπεςτέψαντο ποτοῖο, ‘filled up to the brim with wine.’
3. ποτοῖο, genitive of material.
1. ‘And then they passed it around to all, after they had first made libation with the cups.’ With a ladle they poured some wine into every man's cup, for him, in turn, to spill upon the ground, as an offering to the gods. The custom is said still to continue in Persia. (Cf. Fitzgerald's translation of the Rubáiyát, quatrain xxxix of the fourth edition, and note on the same.)
2. ἐπαρξάμενοι δεπάεςςιν § 78), literally ‘after having begun with the cups’ (instrumental dative); the verb is limited to this ritualistic use.
1. πανημέριοι, agreeing with the subject, ‘all the rest of the day.’
1. ἦμος = Attic ὅτε.
2. ἠέλιος = Attic ἥλιος.
3. ἐπὶ κνέφας ἦλθεν, ‘darkness came on’ § 163).
1. hώς, declined, § 92.
1. ἀνάγοντο (ἀν-ήγοντο), ‘they put to sea,’ the regular Attic prose word.
1. θ̆ means what? Cf. l. 23.
1. πρῆςεν, see note on B 415.
2. 481, 482. ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα κτλ., ‘and around the stem of the ship the purple billow gurgled loud as she sped along.’
1. διαπρήςςουςα, spelling, § 56.
1. κατά, ‘over against,’ ‘opposite’; in nautical term, ‘off.’
1. ἐςκίδναντο = Attic ἐςκεδάννυντο.
2. νέας, spelling, § 29.
1. διογενής, on quantity of initial syllable, § 34.
2. ὑός (= υἱός), spelling, § § 29; 107, 1.
1. πωλέςκετο, meaning of suffix, § 154.1.
1. πόλεμον, by what principle is the ictus permitted to rest on the ultima? § 32.
2. φθινύθεςκε, suffixes, § 154.2.
1. ποθέεςκε, § 154.1.
2. ἀυτήν, ‘war-cry,’ not the same word as αὐτήν.
3. πτόλεμον = Attic πόλεμον.
1. ἐκ τοῖο, ‘thereafter,’ with reference not to what has immediately preceded, as would be natural, but to the meeting of Achilles and Thetis (cf. l. 425).
2. δυωδεκάτη, cf. δωδεκάτη (l. 425); which is Attic?
1. καὶ τότε δή, ‘then it was that.’
2. ἴςαν = Attic ᾔεςαν or ᾖςαν.
1. λήθετο = Attic ἐπ-ελανθάνετο.
2. ἐφετμέων, declined like βουλέων, l. 273.
1. ἑοῦ, § 113; what in Attic? Cf. GG. 551 d, 554 a.
2. ἀνεδύςετο, tense, § 153.
3. κῦμα, accusative of the space or way over which an action extends; cf. A 151, Z 292, and the different construction in A 359. For the meaning, compare the merman's words to his mate: "Go up, dear heart, through the waves; Say thy prayer, and come back to the kind sea-caves!" She smiled, she went up through the surf in the bay.
1. ἠερίη, construction like that of πανημέριοι (l. 472) and χθιζός (l. 424).
2. οὐρανὸν Οὔλυμπόν τε, cf. note on l. 420.
1. εὐρύοπα, ‘far-thundering,’ third declension accusative (as if from εὐρύοψ) of a first declension noun, εὐρύοπα (nominative).
1. γούνων, cf. l. 407.
1. ὄνηςα, cf. ὤνηςας, l. 395.
1. τίμηςόν μοι υἱόν, note the metrical scheme, --- - -u u -uu-uu --, with μοι remaining long in spite of the hiatus; so, too, Σμινθεῦ (l. 39).
2. ἄλλων, a genitive of comparison (i. e. originally separation), as if ὠκυμορώτατος were a comparative adjective; the English point of view, however, requires ‘of all’ after the superlative.
1. ἔπλετ̆（ο), cf. ἔπλεο, l. 418.
1. ἀπούρας, cf. l. 356.
1. ςύ περ = ςύ γε.
1. τόφρα ... ὄφρα, ‘so long’ ... ‘until.’
1. ὀφέλλωςιν, ‘magnify.’
1. νεφεληγερέτα, § 67.
1. ὡς ... ὥς (l. 513), ‘as ... so.’
1. ὣς ἔχετ̆ ἐμπεφυυῖα, ‘so she clung, fast clasping.’ Cf. genua amplexus ... haerebat,
2. ἐμπεφυυῖα is, literally, ‘grown on.’ a vigorous metaphor.
1. νημερτές, composition, § 161.
1. ἐπεὶ οὔ τοι κτλ., ‘since no fear rests upon you.’
2. ἔπι, accent, § 167; quantity of ultima, § 37.
1. ‘Sorry doings, to be sure! in that you will compel me to fall out with Here, when she shall vex me with reproachful words.’ Why does not λοίγια suffer elision? § 61.18.
2. ὅ τε, § 123.7.—ἐφ-ήςεις, ἐφ-ίημι.
1. ἐρέθῃςιν, in form like ἐθέλῃςιν, l. 408.
1. καὶ αὔτως, ‘even as it is.’
1. καί τε, the second of these words is not a conjunction here, nor has it any translatable meaning; it simply accompanies the general statement, as often in Homer. See on l. 81.
1. μελήςεται = Attic μελήςει. For κε with the future indicative, cf. l. 139 and § 190.
2. ὄφρα τελέςςω, ‘until I accomplish them.’ For omission of κε, § 197.
1. εἰ δ̆ ἄγε, see note on l. 302.
2. ὄφρα, ‘in order that.’
1. τοῦτο, supply ἐςτί.
2. ἐξ ἐμέθεν, § 155.2.
1. ἐμόν, understand τέκμωρ, ‘pledge,’ and again supply ἐςτί.
1. ἦ, cf. l. 219.
2. ἔπ̆（ι), ‘thereto.’
3. Κρονίων, formation, § 157.
1. κρατός, declension, § 100.
2. μέγαν δ̆ ἐλέλιξεν κτλ., Vergil's annuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum . These three lines (528-530) are said to have been quoted by the sculptor Phidias when he was asked after what model he should fashion his great statue of Zeus at Olympia (Strabo VIII, p. 354).
1. διέτμαγεν, formation, § 136.8.
1. ἄλτο, where found? § 131.
1. Ζεὺς δέ, supply ἔβη from the context.
2. ἑόν, cf. ἑοῦ, l. 496.
3. ἀνέςταν, formation, § 136.7.
1. ςφοῦ, § 113.
2. πατρός, genitive limiting ἐναντίον, ‘before.’ Cf. note on the kindred verb ἀντιάω, l. 31.
1. ἐπερχόμενον, agrees with a pronoun (e. g. ἑ) understood, object of μεῖναι.
1. οὐ δέ μιν κτλ., ‘and Here, on seeing him, was not unaware’ etc.
2. μιν is object of ἰδοῦς̆（α).
1. ςυμφράςςατο, spelling, § 54.
2. οἱ is dative after ςύν in composition.
1. δὴ αὖ, synizesis, § 43.
1. τοι φίλον ἐςτίν, ‘it is your pleasure.’
2. ἐόντα (as well as φρονέοντα, l. 542) is in agreement with the understood subject (ςε) of the infinitive δικαζέμεν (l. 542).
1. κρυπτάδια (accusative plural neuter) φρονέοντα (accusative singular masculine) δικαζέμεν, ‘to consider and give judgment on secret matters.’
2. 542, 543. οὐδέ τί πώ μοι κτλ., ‘and you never bring yourself with any heartiness to tell me a plan that you are considering.’
3. ὅττι, cf. l. 294.
1. ἐπι-έλπεο, why is the -ι of the prefix not elided? § 61.13.— μύθους, ‘counsels.’
1. εἰδήςειν (Attic εἴςεςθαι), from οῖδα.
2. χαλεποί, supply εἰδέναι, ‘hard for you to know.’
3. ἔςοντ̆（αι) has μῦθοι understood as subject.— On ἀλόχῳ περ ἐούςῃ, see note on l. 131.
1. ἀλλ̆ ὃν μὲν [μῦθόν] κ̆ ἐπιεικὲς [ᾖ τινα] ἀκουέμεν, ‘but whatsoever counsel it is fitting for anybody to hear,’ etc.
1. πρότερος [ςοῦ], ‘sooner than you.’
2. εἴςεται, see εἰδήςειν, l. 546.
1. ὃν [μῦθον] may well be translated in the plural, to conform, in English, to ταῦτα (l. 550).
2. ἐγών, § 110.
3. ἐθέλωμι, formation, § 136.1.
1. ἕκαςτα § 61.11), ‘one by one.’
1. ποῖον (predicate adjective with reference to μῦθον), ‘what a charge is this that you have spoken!’ On μῦθον, see note on l. 388.
1. καὶ λίην, ‘assuredly.’
2. πάρος (here = Attic πάλαι) with the Greek present is to be translated by the perfect tense in English (cf. GG. 454 d); compare the Latin iam dudum with the present.
1. ἅςς̆（α), form, § 124.
2. ἐθέλῃςθα, formation, § 136.3.
1. δείδοικα, spelling, § 62.1.—μή ςε παρείπῃ κτλ., ‘lest it prove that Thetis has talked you over’ ().
1. πολέας, form, § 106.
1. δαιμονίη (masculine δαιμόνιε), a common term of address, means properly a person whose conduct is so unusual or unexpected that he (of she) seems to be influenced by some untoward divinity. Sometimes a single word, sometimes a short clause, selected with reference to the context, will convey this meaning in English: ‘Here, I do not understand you,’ or ‘my misguided wife!’ Either the poet is unconscious in allowing god to address god in this inappropriate way, or he is displaying a kind of humor in letting gods mimic the speech of men.
1. πρῆξαι, § 64.—ἀλλ̆ ἀπὸ θυμοῦ κτλ., ‘but you will be the more removed from my heart,’ i. e. out of favor with me.
1. ἔςεαι, Attic ἔςει.
2. τὸ δέ τοι κτλ., cf. l. 325.
1. εἰ ... ἐςτίν, simple present condition with nothing implied (GG. 647): ‘suppose this is as you say [οὕτω], 'tis my own affair [or ‘my pleasure’], I presume.’ In this idiomatic use μέλλει = Attic ἔοικε: μέλλει εἶναι = ‘it is like to be’ (present tense), ‘it is, very likely,’ or ‘presumably.’
1. τοι, dative of advantage (interest), ‘for you,’ i. e. ‘from you’: cf. l. 67, ἡμῖν.
2. χραίςμωςιν, ‘ward off,’ an aorist which previously (ll. 28 and 242) has been met in the sense of ‘help’; its subject is ὅςοι θεοὶ εἴς̆ κτλ., ‘all the gods that are on Olympus.’
3. εἴς̆ (εἰςί), cf. κάκ̆ (l. 105), ἔμ̆ (l. 133).
1. ἀςςον, see note on l. 335.
2. ἰόνθ̆ = ἰόντα, agreeing with ἐμέ understood; that this pronoun of the first person is to be supplied, is indicated distinctly enough by the clause ὅτε ... ἐφείω.
3. ἐφ-είω (ἵημι) is inflected like θείω, § 149 (2).
1. ἔδδειςεν, account for double δ. § 62. 1.
1. καθῆςτο, κάθ-ημαι.
2. φίλον, its force? § 114.
1. ἐπὶ ἦρα (used by Homer in this formula only) φέρων, ‘bearing kindly service,’ ‘doing favor.’
1. ἦ δὴ λοίγια ἔργα, cf. l. 518, where the expression is exclamatory; but the construction here is obviously different, for a complete predicate is supplied by τάδ̆ ἔςςεται κτλ.
2. τάδ̆（ε), meaning, § 120.
1. ςφῴ, § 110.
1. ἐλαόνετον, literally ‘drive,’ ‘run’ (transitive); here figuratively, ‘keep going,’ ‘keep up.’
1. δαιτὸς
1. καὶ αὐτῇ περ νοεούςῃ, ‘although she is herself discreet.’
2. καὶ ... περ, see note on l. 131.
1. νεικείῃςι, inflected like ἐθέλῃςιν, § 136.6; for -ει- see § 150.— ςὺν ... ταράξῃ, tmesis.
2. 580 εἴ περ, ‘just suppose.’
1. ςτυφελίξαι, supply ἡμᾶς. The conclusion—‘he can do it’—is understood. Cf. l. 136.
1. καθάπτεςθαι, syntax, § 213.
1. ἵλαος, § 77.
1. τέτλαθι, § 136.9.
1. ἐν with ὀφθαλμοῖςιν, ‘before.’
1. θεινομένην, in agreement with ςε (l. 587): ‘lest I see you being beaten.’
1. ἀντιφέρεςθαι limits ἀργαλέος. Cf. μαντεύεςθαι, l. 107.
1. ἤδη γάρ ... ἄλλοτε, cf. ἤδη γάρ ποτε, l. 260.
2. μεμαῶτα, ‘eager,’ agrees with με.
1. κάππεςον = κατέπεςον. For καπ-, § 47.
1. μειδήςαςα, translation of tense, § 186.
2. παιδός, ‘from her son.’
3. χειρί, ‘with [or ‘in’] her hand.’
1. οἰνοχόει (οἶνος, χέω) ... νέκταρ, the poet seems unconscious of the original meaning and thinks only of the main idea, ‘poured.’ Compare Xen. Anab. II, 4, 12: ἦν δὲ [τὸ τεῖχος] ᾠκοδομημένον, ‘the wall was built’; yet οἰκοδομέω is literally to ‘build a house’ (οἶκος and δέμω, ‘build’). Other examples are not uncommon.
2. ἀφύςςων, ‘drawing off,’ or ‘dipping’ with a ladle. The gods who are used to Hebe and Ganymedes as cupbearers make merry over the awkward Hephaestus.
1. ἐνῶρτο, ἐν-όρνυμι.
2. γέλος, second declension in Homer (= Attic γέλως, third declension); cf. similar nouns in this book: μάρτυροι (l. 338) and ἔρον (l. 469).
1. Cf. l. 468.
1. φόρμιγγος and Μουςάων (l. 604), like δαιτός, limit ἐδεύετο.
1. κακκείοντες (κατά and κεῖμαι), cf. note on .
2. ἔβαν, cf. l. 391.
3. ἧχι = Attic ᾗ, ‘where.’
1. ἀμφιγυήεις, ‘lame in both legs,’ ‘the halting god,’ according to the ancient interpretation: “both-foot-halting god,” Chapman renders it. Many prefer a modern interpretation: ‘strong in both arms.’
1. ἰδυίῃςι (Attic εἰδυίαις) πραπίδεςςιν, ‘with cunning mind.’ Other works of this god that are mentioned in the Iliad are: the aegis and scepter of Zeus (B 101, O 308 ff.); the arms of Achilles ( ff.); the wonderful golden maidens who supported the lame god's steps (); the automatic tripods ( ff.); the breastplate of Diomedes () that formerly belonged to Glaucus (Z 235). Still other works are told of in the Odyssey.